I A X O

International axion observatory

axion dark matter

Axion-like particles

hidden photons

meV mass axions

questions . . .

axion dark matter

Axion-like particles

hidden photons

meV mass axions

questions . . .

the answer? the largest magnet ever to serve axion physics IAXO Conceptual design report, Armengaud et al. JINST 9 T05002

- Axion DM scenarios

excluded ok sub

oktuned (anthropic?) tuned

excluded ? tuned

Pre inflation PQ Post inflation PQ (N>1)strings+long-lived DWs ⌦aDMh2 ' ✓2I

✓80µeV

ma

◆1.19

Axion dark matter

Post-inflation PQ (N=1)strings+unstable DW’s

Kawasaki, Saikawa, Sekiguchi 2014 Wantz, Shellard 2010

Preskill, Abbot, Dine 1983

- Axion DM scenarios

excluded ok sub

oktuned (anthropic?) tuned

excluded ? tuned

Pre inflation PQ Post inflation PQ (N>1)strings+long-lived DWs ⌦aDMh2 ' ✓2I

✓80µeV

ma

◆1.19

Excluded

Dark Matterhuge parameter space!

Axion dark matter

Astro meets cosmo

Post-inflation PQ (N=1)strings+unstable DW’s

Kawasaki, Saikawa, Sekiguchi 2014 Wantz, Shellard 2010

Preskill, Abbot, Dine 1983

- Axion DM scenarios

excluded ok sub

oktuned (anthropic?) tuned

excluded ? tunedExcluded

Dark Matterhuge parameter space!

Axion dark matter

Astro meets cosmo

Preskill, Abbot, Dine 1983

See talks by Ortolan, Tobar,

Semerzidis, Rybka, Chung, Van Bibber,

Miceli ...See

talks by Geraci and

Shin

See talk by

Sushkov See talks by

Raffelt and MIrizzi

Hints, constraints and models ... any preference?

Tip of the Red Giant branch (M5)

White dwarf luminosity function

Cassiopeia A: neutron star cooling

SN1987A

gae = Caeme

fa= (2± 1.5)⇥ 10�13

gae = Caeme

fa= (1.4± 1.4)⇥ 10�13

gan = Canmn

fa= (3.8± 3)⇥ 10�10

gap = Capmp

fa< 0.8⇥ 10�10

Viaux, PRD 2011

Bertolami, JCAP 2014

Leinson, JCAP 2014

Raffelt Lec. Not. Phys. 2008 and ... see Mirizzi’s talk on thursday!

See also Giannotti’s talk!

KSVZ (no RG, no WD, no pref.)

mu

md

fa/109GeV

�2

fa/109GeV

cos

2�

DFSZ1 DFSZ2

cos

2�

fa/109GeV

cos

2�

fa/109GeV

DFSZ (no RG, no WD, 2 pref.)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

�0.6

�0.4

�0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

cos

2 �

Cap

Can

Cae

DFSZ1

DFSZ2 DFSZ

KSVZ

KSVZ

DFSZ

Hints, constraints and models ... any preference?

Preliminary

Preliminary Preliminary

Preliminary

See also Giannotti’s talk!

The Sun is a copious emitter of axions! convert into X-rays

Helioscopes

focus detect

Conversion probability

P (a $ �) =

✓2ga�BT!

m2a

◆2

sin2✓m2

aL

4!

◆

ma ! 0, P !✓ga�BTL

2

◆2

ma ! large, P !✓2ga�BT!

m2a

◆2

Sikivie PRL 1983

Axions from the Sun

Hadronic axions (KSVZ)

Non hadronic (DFSZ, e-coupling!)

Ceme

faie�5e a

C�↵

2⇡fa

Fµ⌫eFµ⌫

4a

ga�

gae

gae = 10�13

ga� = 10�12

typical of non-hadronic meV mass axions

JR, JCAP 2013

CAST Helioscope

CAST (LHC dipole 9.3 m, 9T) hadronic axions

non-hadronic axions- 1~2 h tracking/day (sunset,dawn)- 3 Detectors (2 bores)

CCD, Micromegas- X-ray optics- He gas for large masses

P (a $ �) =

✓2ga�BT!

m2a �m2

�

◆2

sin2 (m2

a �m2�)L

4!

!

PhaseI

PhaseII

PhaseI

Next generation (proposed) IAXO

Boost parameters to the maximum

-NGAG paper JCAP 1106:013,2011-Conceptual design report IAXO 2014 JINST 9 T05002-LOI submitted to CERN, TDR in preparation

-Possibility of Direct Axion DM experiments (cavities)

Large toroidal 8-coil magnet L = ~20 m 8 bores: 600 mm diameter each8 x-ray optics + 8 detection systemsRotating platform with services

IAXO magnet (under development)

IAXO magnet concept presented in:IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (ASC 2012)Adv. Cryo. Eng. (CEC/ICMC 2013)IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. (MT 23)

Transverse B-field (peak 5T, average 2.5T)

IAXO optics

Focal length

- IAXO optics conceptual designAC Jakobsen et al, Proc. SPIE 8861 (2013)- NuSTAR optics groups LLNL, Columbia U., DTU Denmark all in IAXO

IAXO detectors

Goal background level for IAXO:

- Small Micromegas-TPC chambers:ShieldingRadiopure componentsOffline discrimination

Already demonstrated: (in CAST 2014 result) (underground at LSC)

Active program of development. Clear roadmap for improvement

- Gridpix/InGrid, - MMC - Low noise CCDs

10�7 ! 10�8

keV cm2 s

8⇥ 10�7

keV cm2 s10�7

keV cm2 s

See talk by Desch tomorrow

See poster by Desch tomorrow

See talk by García wednesday!

IAXO timeline

~ 3.5 y construction

~18 month TDR ~ 2.5 y integration/commisioning

10�3 10�2 10�1 110�13

10�12

10�11

10�10109 108 107

10�13

10�12

10�11

10�10

Physics reach: Axions (preliminary)

Conservative

Not soKSVZDFSZ1DFSZ2

ma[eV]

fa[GeV]

10�3 10�2 10�1 110�13

10�12

10�11

10�10109 108 107

10�13

10�12

10�11

10�10

fa[GeV]

KSVZDFSZ1DFSZ2

Conservative

Not so

ma[eV]

Hadronic axions (KSVZ) Non hadronic (DFSZ, e-coupling!)

IAXO IAXOSN

1987

A

P1 P2

Possibility to unveal the hints in DSFZ P1, P2!

g a�[G

eV�1]

qg a

�[G

eV�1]⇥

g ae

Physics reach: Axions-like

Axion-like particles easing gamma-ray propagation across the universe?

See talks by Roncadelli, Giannotti,

Troitsky, Meyer

IAXO will cover the exciting parameter space !

Physics case + : Betelgeuse goes bang

If Betelgeuse is the next galactic SN ...

- up to 5 1014 a’s (E~80 MeV) in 10 sec

- Early warning (Si nu’s) to point

- check visibility

- 50-100 MeV detectors

- needs a boost ~30

10�3 10�2 10�1 110�13

10�12

10�11

10�10109 108 107

10�13

10�12

10�11

10�10

ma[eV]

fa[GeV]

10�3 10�2 10�1 110�13

10�12

10�11

10�10109 108 107

10�13

10�12

10�11

10�10

KSVZDFSZ

g a�[G

eV�1] Betelgueuse

IAXO

Physics case + : Axion DM detectors @ IAXO

DM detectors inside IAXO volume (see JR, talk at Patras 2014)

- huge magnetic volume

�2 �1 0 1 2

�2

�1

0

1

2

JR, talk at Patras 2014

�2 �1 0 1 2

�2

�1

0

1

2

-High masses: long/flat cav’s, combine)

- Dielectric filters- Low masses

- Dish antenna (miniclusters)

See talks by

Tkachev, Sikivie, Prescod

IAXO costs

Conclusions

- Extraordinary physics case- meV axions (relevant in astrophysics?, (sub) dominant dark matter?)- Axion-like particles and gamma-ray transparency- Direct Axion DM detection (much to do!)- Next galactic supernova?- Others... HPs, MCPs ...

- Doable!, built upon CAST experience- key expertise covered (magnet, optics, detectors)

- New Physics case “white paper” soon

- We are a few ... but