l w naval research laboratory · radar performance forccasts for navy relocatable over-the-horizon...

AD-A266 106Naval Research Laboratory AD-A266 106ItI l III I~ WWashington, DC 20375-5320

NRL/MR/5325-.93-7326

JUN 2 3 1993, •,

CUHF-OTH Radar Performance Results

J. M. HUDNALL

S. W. DER

Advanced Radar System Branch

Radar Division

May 31, 1993

93-14006

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

i

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEFomApveI 0MS No. 0704-01~88

rubric reporting burden for itth collcticton of informaieton is estimated to average 1 hour per response. including the time for reviewing Instructions, searching existing date sources,gathoring arid mainteining the dote needed, and comnpteting end reviewing the collectioni of Infornmation. Send comments regarding tIN. burdori estimate or arty other e"pact of thiscovtiecilon of Infocri:.otion. InriudLn* esggeations for reduacing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services. Directorate t or Information Operations anrd rteport, 1215 JeffersonDavis Hrigfwary, Suite 1204. Ailington, VA 22202-4302. and to the Office of Management and Budget. Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188). Washington. DC 20603.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Looy. fiek 2. REPORT DATE 3.REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

I May 31, 19934. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

HF-OTH Radar Performance Forecasts PE - OMN. 204577NWU - DN291-215

6. AUTIIOR11SI TA - 148-NRL-92-VARI.002

J.M. Hundall and S.W. Der

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER

Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375-5320 NRL~iR/5325-93-7326

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORINGIMONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER

Space and Naval Warfare Systems Ct-mmandPMW-148Washington, DC 20363-5100

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12s. OISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Approved for public release-, distribution unlimited.

13. ABSTRACT IWaximum 200 wor'ds)

Radar performance forccasts for Navy Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radars (ROTHR) using computer program RADARCVersion 1.0 for Beeville. Texas and Northwest, Virginia are prescrited. Computer instructions to run RADARC on VMS aregiven to obtain data files for a location of interest. Instructio..s on personal computers to generate graphs for noise levels.forecast graphs and tables of availability predictions are pfovifJ ci d%) tails.

15. NUMBER OF PAGES14. SUBJECT TERMS

Over-the-Horizon radar Radio wave propagation Comptuter models of ionosphere 26

High frequency radar Radar system modeling 16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATIION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIITATION OF ABSTRACToF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT

UNCLASSMFID UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIEDf R

NSN 7540-01-200-5500 Standard Form 298 (Revy. 2-991errozcribed by ANSI Sid 239-19

298-102

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .

DESCRIPTION OF A FORECAST .. ...................................... I

EXAM PLE FORECASTS .. ............................................ 1

SUMMARY ........................................................ 2

APPENDIX A. Computer Genertion of Forecasts .............................. 15

REFERENCES ..................................................... 23

i Ac~~r Lir /

I--" . . .--t. i -

* A,,,iitbihity Codes

Avti .v'E / or

It, I

!11...i~

HF-OTH Radar Performance Forecasts

INTRODUCTION

HF-OTH radar performance forecasting is an important tool in selecting radar sites and systemparameters for meeting mission requirements. NRL has developed the capability to make forecastswith its RADARC version 1.0, a computer program for radar performance prediction in theionosphere.'-' This memo describes the forecasts, shows example forecasts for Navy RelocatableOver-the-Horizon Radars(ROTHR) located in both Texas and Virginia, and gives the stepsnecessary to generate a forecast.

DESCRIPTION OF A FORECAST

A forecast of radar performance shows the diurnal and monthly variations of predicted signal tonoise ratio and required radar frequency for a target at selected ranges. The forecast is done forselected radar model, target model, and solar activity. The forecast uses monthly median values forionospheric parameters and noise for the specified times and locations.

The forecast results are presented in both forecast graphs for each selected range and in a summarytable. A forecast graph for a selected range is a plot of SNR and operating frequency versus time ofday (0 to 24 hours local time) for each month. A forecast summary table shows the percentage ofhours the predicted SNR at selected ranges exceeds given SNR values during different seasons fornight and day.

EXAMPLE FORECASTS

A forecast was done for a ROTHR in Texas looking on a bearing of 130 degrees at a Cessna 206during low solar activity(SSN=10). SSN is the sunspot number, a measure for solar activity.Figure 1 is a map showing the radar location and bearing. The radar cross section used for a Cessnais graphed in Figure 2. The combined radar antenna gains(transmitter and receiver) for fourdifferent frequencies are shown in Figure 3.

The forecast was done with an average power of 100 kW (actual ROTHR average power isbetween 100 and 200 kW) and a coherent integration time of 2.5 seconds. A system loss of 9 dBand 6 dB multipath enhancement were used. Figures 4-6 show the median values for variouslosses, noise level, gain, SNR, elevation angles, and frequencies of a typical day in January forthree different ranges. DEV is the deviative loss. ABS is the absorption loss. OBF is theohsciumtion loss. T-loss is the sum of DEV, ABS and OBF. The noise is referenceo to KT (-204dBW/Hlz). Showing tile noise and losses as negative dB enables one to see clearly how the shape ofSNR is affected by the noise and losses. By combining similar figures for twelve different monthsin the same year, retaining only SNR and frequencies, a forecast graph of SNR and frequencies fora particular range can be obtained. These forecast graphs are illustrated in Figures 7-12. Inaddition, Table I shows the forecast sun-,ary table for SNR predictions.

A forecast was done for the Virginia ROTHR site looking at 175 degrees. Figures 13-18 showthe forecast graphs and Table 2 shows the forecast summary table of SNR predictions for thisparticular site. In addition, a graphic representation is done for the two summary tables of SNR

Manuscript approved April 8. 1993.

predictions. It is shown in Figure 19 for easy comparison. The SNR Predictions for these twodifferent sites are surprisingly similar.

SUMMARY

The forecast shows that although the radar would have excess sensitivity for detection and trackingduring many periods, there are periods, especially summer pre-dawn hours, when the radarperfornmance will be marginal. Low levels of ionization require low operating frequencies, andunfortunately at the lower frequencies (5 to 10 MHZ) the antenna gains and small-aircraft targetcross-section are less and tie noise levels are higher. Performance can be improved during thoseperiods by operating the radar with longer dwell times and highei1 transmit power. Higher low bandantenna gains would also improve performance.

By examing Figure 19, it can be predicted that HF-OTH radars would have similar performance inBeeville, Texas and Northwest, Virginia.

2

LAT = 28.50N 3o

LON = 97.50WRADIUS 2500 NM

Figure 1. Map of Radar Location and Bearing in Texas.

Cessna U206F6 deg elev, 0 deg azimuth

30

po

2r15m _,

20-

5 10 15 20 25 30 50Frequency - MHz

Figure 2. Radar Cross Section of a Cessna 206.(Extracted from SRI Cross Bow Briefing)

3

40- F~req--SMIUZ

10

30 5I 10I_0_53 3 0

/lvto AnI IgreHom 3. I~me Anen Gan fo Difrn Frqenis

20 ~ ~ ~ Rag OWF~ T T --

40 SN01R2 53 3 04

60

310 A B

-20

30 Fo

-40 ELAN

505

0 6 12 10 24

Figure 4. Noise Levels and Optimum Frequency for 800 mini Coverage in January at Beeville,Tx. (OSSN=lO)

4

Range 1200 nmi

60

40 .- SNR

30 a ADS

2 , 0 DEV10 9 OGF

0m1 -U T-Loes

-20 -- Noseo

-30- Freq

30 ELANG-50 -- 25 ,

0 6 12 10 24Looal TInm

Figure 5. Noise Levels ard Optimum Frequency for 1200 nmi Coverage in January at Beeville,Tx. (SSN=10)

Range 1600 nml

60s°o IM- Gn- -i-n•

40 ____ ___- SNR30 .. ... •

-20 NL ADNSe

030 0_F

10120 tO-n

-0 2 10 2,4~

___________ - '4!- Noise

-30Fic

__0_ -_ 3 -- -EL.ANG

'10

o 12 10 2 4

Local Tim*

Figure 6. Noise Levels and Optimum Frequency for 1600 nmni Coverage in January at Beeville,"T"×. (SSN=10)

5

SNR and Frequencies for 400 nmI~,j rFO MW AMt MW~ A" Jul A&V GOP Oct NMW Doe

Ai

1 _ . ... _r II I

0- 7-V 1, t! I-

0412109 012100 01218001210 0 1210001210 0612190 012160 012160 01210 0o12100 012100Local Time

Figure 7. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 400 nmi from the Radarat Beeville, Tx. (SSN=10)

SNR and Frequencies for 800 ninieI b Ft MW A, M.ly m J* Aug 0p O8W NOv 0c

I -- ::

20- I

• r,,, -kj• /• !I---•r,

*-r-r i-i-i- -iri f-- ,-r, =--r¶ ,1 r l - r-r-1- -1" - !-- r-r-00@12100 121800012100121o0 O 2It0 01210 012l000l 2 tO0Cl21oc2 t0,12 o0 ¶ 2I I0t2IflO

Local Time

Figure 8. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frcquencies for Cessna 800 nmi from the Radarat Beevilie, Tx. (SSN=10)

6

SNH and Frequencios for 1200 nml,W% F*bO Mat Apr May "l ~ u Sf 0(1 No" O De

8( - - - ' =- -• - --

I¢-L

430

-21

V7

_: 0620-A-0e,2, o ,2 10ol0 t e12006 2e0 210012 01 1oe2 e eo 1a1s0o 12160 S 12160 0 12l oe1 2t,0o

Loul Time

Figure 9. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 1200 nmi from dte Ralarat Bee,,ille, Tx. (SSN-i0)

SNR and Frequenclos for 1600 nml

.11M f!*b Mar Ap MW ham J*t A"g UP 00 NWv Doe

• ,0

20

i -I,)I I)

-30

-25

.20

0012180 012 0 81 210 811 0 1 0 12 10 0 '3 12 100 012100 0 12 180 612 100 al 1200 a12180

Figure 10. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 1600 nmi fr-om the Radarat iseeviiic, Tx. (SSN= 10)

7

SNR and Freqdenicles for 2000 nmiJai r•o Mit ApW Mw • Juy A A" U Oct 1,1OV D

W-t

0612 100 012 ISO e121006 1210 0 012180 4 1218 0 12 100 612160 612 1606200 0 12160 012 100Local Time

Figure 11. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 2000 nmi from the Radarat Bcevilic, .Ix. t1sn- IU)

SNR and requoricios for 2400 nml

.IM fob mw AW MWy Axw Ji A&V sop oa twv DCO

z

(I)p

.30

0 6121a0 612100 0Q210031210 0 012100 06 12 1- 0 06 1210 0 012010 062100 0 126100 0 121 80Local limo

Figure 12. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 2400 mni from the Radarat n. C.... 6I IC " T. -eqS=tn1

8

'Fable 1. RADARC Availability(%) P'redictions for Cessna 206 Detection at Becville, Tx.(SSN=10)

Target Range = 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 nmi

SNR> 0

NIGHIIIiME:

WINTER- 89 95 95 95 47 26SPRING: 31 95 95 92 50 42SUMMER: 58 95 95 84 44 31FALL: 52 95 95 92 26 15

DAYTIME:

WINTER: 95 95 95 95 95 89SPRING: 95 95 95 95 95 87SUMMER: 95 95 95 95 89 58FALL: 95 95 95 95 95 92

SNR > 10

NIOH*ITIME:

WIN.,R 26, 89 9-8

SPRING: 21 68 81 71 18 7SUMMER: 21 63 76 63 13 7FALL: 13 65 76 55 13 5

DAYTIME:

WINTER: 95 95 95 92 81 73SPRING: 95 95 95 95 89 63SUMMER: 92 95 95 95 68 34FALL: 95 95 95 92 89 8M

SNR > 20

NIG1-TTIME:


DAYTIME:


9

SNR and Frequencies for 400 nmi

on M M AM M J"r ,y Aug SWp Od Nov Dco

!A

Lo l TA

z

_ _ 3025

20

is

10- . . .. 0

0o 118 0 1 20 00 llgellse 2 luulige,0612160 21012t061200 a121c006t210001210 O 02180 812180Local lime

Figure 13. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 400 nmi fCm the Radarat Northwest, Va. (SSN=10)

SNR and Frequencies for 800nim1m 114 MW WAY May A * #z~ v~ '4p 00 NMvDW

___ _ _ ___ ___ 30I - ___ __ ___ ___ ___ 25-20)

-'5

el~leO.2 O~l.l~,O Local62 Time

Figure 14. Forecast SN*,R and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 800 nmi Do m the Radarat Northwest, Va. (SSN=1O)

10

SNR and Frequencies for 1200 nmiJin fib MW AV MW J J Ju- y Aug Sap Oc& Nov aec

S30z0)

W) 11 1 V'I .v11 1 1 1

-30T-

-- i |iiit-i - --i-

S12 00 0112 10 00121604 1218 0 6t. J8O 612180 612 18 0 612180 6121G0 6 12180 012N10 6 12180ILnml Time

Figure 15. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 1200 nmi from the Radarat Northwest, Va. (SSN=10)

SNR and Frequencies for 1600 nmiSFab MW AW MWy -W- M Aug a " Nov DC

40---

20-

0-- - - -

IA.

-30

S.... . . , j T \ -6ýF v J \A -1,0

-10

T T ! ! •1 ' I I -T"-- - l I I| II I T r-

0 2S1216061180 6121600121 2 0 0 12100 1 121800 12160 06121800'"100 012180 012100Locai Time

Figure 16. Forecast SNR and Optimum Frequencies for Cessna 1600 nmi from the Radarat Northwest, Va. (SSN=IO)

11

SNR and Frequencies for 2000 nmi

ion Feb MW AM MW Ju-~a AW SepW Ot~ "W eO

tC U - - - - -

S - -- -2s

-10

0 1 2100;12180 6121'001210 0 012190 6-19 0612180 012180 6121800 12100 612100 812180

Figure 17. Forecast SNR and Optirn Frequencies for Cessna 2000 un-i from the Radarat Northwest, Va. (SSN=10)

SNR and Frequencies for n mi

o.i .o , .f ,;.t,, oW N ,,o MW; iWo A" ,. up Od m,,, .,,o,

122

Table 2. RADARC Availability(%) predictions for Cessna 206 Detection at Northwest, Va.(SSN=10)

Target Range = 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 nmi

SNR >0

NIGHITTIME:


DAYTIME:

WINTER: 9! 95 95 95 95 95SPRING: 95 95 95 95 95 79SUMMER: 95 95 95 95 89 47FALL: 95 95 95 95 95 95

SNR> 10

NIGHTTIME:


DAYTIME:


SNR >20

NIGHTIME:

WINTER: 2 55 65 52 0 0SPRING: 10 29 39 23 2 2SUMMER: 10 34 e2 26 2 0FALL: 2 26 52 36 0 0

DAYTIME:


13

C-

Cý - z

> c-

o> z

EA I4i

0. v V"C-9lb00r 0 I %C

1 0L

41

Appendix A. COMPUTER GENERATION OF FORECASTS

General Description

A forecast is done by computing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) with the radar equation usingmodels of the radar, ionosphere, target, and noise. Using predicted median values of ionosphericparameters and noise for a selected month and hour, the computer program RADARC computesthe ground range and SNR for each radar frequency, elevation angle, and propagation mode. Theprogram outputs the results as a table of SNR values for ground range and frequency. An exampleof this "oblique ionogram sounding" output is shown in Figure A- 1.

RADARC must be nm 288 times (24 times for each hour in a day for each of the 12 months). Theoutput files are combined to produce files with the 288 "oblique soundings". Two files areproduced, one with ranges to 2000 nmi for print-out of the oblique soundings, and one with rangesto 4000 nmi for use in the forecast graphs and summary tables. From this second file, the VMSsearch command extracts the SNR versus frequency for each selected range and writes the outputto a range result file, Rxxxx.PRN, where xxxx is the range in nmi. A portion of R0400.PRN, therange results file for 400 nmi, is shown in Figure A-2. A row for each month-hour shows thepredicted SNR for each radar frequency, in one MHz steps from 5 to 28 MHz. The RADARCprediction computations are run on a VMS-VAX 3200 Model 38 workstation, taking about fivehours in a batch job normally runs over-night. A VMS command procedure then extracts the rangeresult files.

A file transfer program, such as the public domain program KERMIT, transfers the Rxxxx.PRNfiles to an IBM-compatible personal computer (PC) where utility programs reduce the range resultfiles. The program PEAKS.EXE scans each row of the range result files for the peak SNR for thatrange, month, and hour. The SNR and the operating frequency giving that SNR are written into thefile TABLE.DAT. Figure A-3 shows the first part of a TABLE.DAT file. Th1is file contains alldata used fot plottiilg the f recast graph of diurnal variations for each month. The AVAIL.EXEprogram compute and print the summary table of percentage of night-time/day-time hours eachseason that aie f•iecast to have SNR's exceeding given values. This program should be modifiedfor different locations due to the change of time zone.

A spread-sheet rogramn, such as Quattro-Pro, generates the forecast graphs after importing theTABIE.Di• i file into a template FORECAST.WQ1. The template makes it easy to plot the,raphs, but the user must first add a column for the local time (converted from GMT by subtracting3 hours for Virt,,gnia and 6 hours for Texas) and sort the rows so that within each month the hoursnnn from ;, to 23 hours local time.

15

Oblique Sosiogria 3141 Vs I11nge/ aiMG Dolay And frequency

Transmitter Leelait 4 28.50 M Lit 97.50 V Lon beating - 130.00 Ca.

JAN $21 - 10 Ties* I Out Tranesitter Peak Powar - 0.1 M1Sawatt

4 5 6 T 4 9 10 i1 12 13 14 IS 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 21 29 30 31 32 33 34 36

*. ... . . . . . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . . . .. . . . . 00

. .....

24 . . 3.. .. 24+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . *.

* ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . .. . . . + + 1100

227 + . .. . . . .. 22

+ . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . , , . . ., +

20 + 1. I 4 142 . *2 20 .1600T ................ 311 1 9 . . . . . . . . . . .4S.. . . . . . 1 25 .. . . .I . ...... 8 1 21..

S . . ..... .13 22.......................

C .s . 14 235 2s........................ 15

S . 9 4 13 is 2. .. . . . ........................ . 1400

A 1. .. 2 14 22 32 A... .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. 6U

,* . . . 9 17 24 32 0.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4

IS . 71221 . . . . . . ......................... 3+ If U

+ 4 14 21 2........................... . ..

14 1 I 16 221 ........................ . 4 1200 0

S . 123 .... ... ............................ A1 14 +. 1 13 11 25 33 . . . . . . . . . .. . . 14 A

hl 3 14 2P1 27 34 +.. . . . . . . . . . A

* ,. 71: :22e2.............. ... ... ... - #

* . . 11 13 30 +.. . . ............................ . 00

0 IZ 1 10 16 25 31 2 +........................ . 12 1E

I Z 14 20 26 32 2 4

4 16 21 27 4 6 6 4 1 .......... .. .. . . .................. .. +

A 17 23 29 I 6 10 6 3

1 .0 . 101C I24 30 6 1213 a• 6 . . .1 .0.. . ...................... 6 400 M

. 12 0 21 29 10 13 14 8 5 1..................... . 1

N + 2 14 22 21 9 12 14 15 10 S 1 ... . . . . . . . . . . . .

I + e 1? 23 26 10 13 15 16 10 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L a II9 24 26 11 13 15 II 10 6 A...................... ..

* 13 20 25 10 13 16 18 16 9 3 ........ .. . . . . . .. . ................... 00

S 15 I 21 25 11 13 15 16 15 t .

E IV 22 23 12 14 16 15 13 4 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C 6 1. 21 10 13 14 14 14 10 ....................... * 6 -

IV 21 11 13 13 12 6 1 ... . . ..)

1 16 19 11 12 12 9 4 .................. * 40Q

S19 10 11 10 7 2 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 . i 10 9 1 1 .. .......................... * 4

. 13 9 a 6 5 ... . . . . . .. . .

S6................................... . 200

2 ......................... ....... 2. .. . . . . . ...........................

. . . ... ............................. +

.1601601 i 16216316510816611917111731751771 7918111315314141641141151615S16 . . .......... . Noise0................................... •, , + l • I l ..+ k.. .... i.. .... ÷..+.. . .. +.... -.............. ,.. -..... C * 00 .. +. . ......... 0

4 5 0 r a 9 10 I 12 13 1415 16 7 IS 1 S 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 25 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

froquency*Mmz

Oblique ionogrem $MR1 V7 RengaiITie Delay And frequency

Figure A-1. An example of a RADARC Oblique lonogram Sounding.

16

GMT RangeJan 1 19 19 1 1 2 12 9 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

2 16 8 910 8 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

3 13 6 7 7 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 400

4 11 4 S 4 ....... . . . . . . . . .. . .. ... . 400

5 11 3 3 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

6 13 2 2 .......................... . . ......................... . 400

7 16 17 .......................... . . . ......................... . 400

8 17 21 ..................... .. .. . . .......................... . 400

9 17 19 .......................... . . . ......................... . 400

10 15. ......................... . .. . ............................. 400

11 10. ..................... . . . . ... . . . ........................... 400

12 13 ......................... . . .. . ............................. 400

13 10 24 28 20 .......................... . . ......................... 400

14 7 17 28 36 40 42 ........................ .. ....................... 400

15 9 19 28 37 41 44 ....................... . . ...................... 400

16 .12 23 31 36 41 ....................... . . ...................... 400

17 , 12 26 34 39 42 ...................... . . ...................... 400

18 6 20 28 34 35 .................. . .. .. . . ...................... 400

19 . 22 30 35 ........................ . . ....................... 400

20 4 17 28 35 39 41 ................... .. . . ..................... 400

21 8 20 28 37 41 44 44 ....................... . . ...................... 400

22 21 26 34 40 43 44 10 3 .................... . . ..................... 400

23 21 31 35 38 39 14 10 2 .................... . . ..................... 400

24 23 27 29 14 14 12 .. ..................... . . ...................... 400

Feb 1 25 27 3 .......................... . .. ......................... 400

S 19 2. .................... . . . . . . ......................... 400

3 12 5 2 .......................... . . . ......................... 400

4 9 4 2 . . . . ......................... 400

5 9 3 3 ............ . .. . . . ......................... 400

6 12 4 4 3 .......................... . . ......................... 400

7 15 18 6 4 .......................... .. ......................... 400

8 17 21 22 5 1 ........................ . . ........................ 400

9 16 20 6 4 .......................... .. ......................... .00

10 13 3 3 .......................... . . . ......................... 400

11 4 . . . ............................ 400

12 15. ..................... . . . . ... . . ............................ 400

13 12 23 28 28 .................... . . . ... . . ......................... 400

14 4 15 29 35 39 39 ........................ . . ....................... 400

15 7 17 29 36 40 44 ....................... . . ...................... 400

16 . 16 29 36 41 45 ...................... . . ...................... 400

17 . 10 23 31 37 40 ...................... . . ...................... 400

18 9 21 29 3S 18 ...................... . . ...................... 400

19 8 20 28 34 38 38 .................... . . ..................... 400

20 . 16 28 36 41 44 45 ..................... . . ..................... 400

21 2 15 23 33 39 43 46 47 42 .................. . . . ................... 400

22 16 25 33 40 44 47 49 50 .................... . . ..................... 400

5 10 15 20 25 30 35Frequency (MHz)

Figure A-2. A portion of the file R0400.PRN, a table of SNR for range 400 nmi, which isextracted from a sequence of 288 Oblique lonogram Soundings, one of eachhour of the day and each of the twelve months.

17

Range - 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 nmi

m f f f f f fO G S r S r S r S S r S rn M N e N e N e N e N e N et T R q R q R q R q R q R qh

1 1 19 5 30 9 29 11 25 13 2 10 0 03. 2 16 5 24 8 24 10 21 12 14 13 0 01 3 13 5 24 8 26 10 27 12 16 13 0 01 4 11 5 24 8 25 10 28 12 12 13 0 01 5 11 5 24 8 27 10 30 12 0 0 0 01 6 13 5 26 8 37 11 34 12 10 10 10 111 7 17 6 34 9 37 11 37 13 12 10 11 111 8 21 6 40 10 47 12 36 14 18 15 14 111 9 19 6 36 9 48 12 33 13 4 9 5 101 10 15 5 28 8 31 10 33 12 0 0 0 01 11 10 5 20 7 21 9 24 11 0 0 0 01 12 13 5 30 9 35 11 31 13 0 0 11 121 13 28 7 49 12 46 15 33 17 25 14 22 161 14 42 10 53 15 46 19 39 21 28 18 22 201 15 44 11 51 17 43 22 27 17 25 20 19 221 16 41 11 47 17 41 22 21 25 20 20 16 221 17 42 i1 44 17 42 21 25 24 19 19 15 211 18 35 11 38 16 43 21 35 24 16 26 11 201 19 35 10 37 16 44 21 36 24 12 18 18 211 20 41 11 40 16 44 21 29 24 18 19 19 211 21 44 10 44 16 46 22 33 25 25 20 24 221 22 44 10 46 15 47 21 28 23 27 19 26 211 23 39 9 46 12 40 17 34 20 21 16 14 171 24 29 7 41 11 35 14 17 15 13 12 5 132 1 27 6 40 10 39 13 20 14 23 15 12 122 2 19 5 27 8 27 10 23 12 18 13 0 02 3 12 5 24 8 28 10 24 11 19 12 1 102 4 9 5 18 7 19 9 21 11 10 12 1 102 5 9 5 23 8 281 0 20 11 0 0 1 102 6 12 5 26 8 36 11 27 12 9 10 10 112 7 18 6 34 9 44 12 38 14 19 11 19 122 8 22 7 43 10 48 13 38 15 21 11 21 122 9 20 6 41 10 46 12 34 14 9 15 2 102 10 13 5 27 8 31 10 34 12 0 0 0 02 11 4 5 15 7 19 9 10 10 0 0 0 02 12 15 5 27 8 36 11 27 12 6 10 4 112 13 28 7 50 12 46 15 34 17 24 14 21 162 14 39 9 51 14 47 19 29 15 28 17 24 202 15 44 11 51 17 43 21 38 24 24 19 22 22

Figure A-3. Example of data file of SNR and Frequency predictions for differentranges from a table of SNR for each range.

18

User Instruotions

To simplify computer generation of a performance forecast, most of the required user commandscan be done by VMS commaad procedures on the VAX workstation and by DOS batch files on thePC.

The instructions for the VMS workstation are done by the following command procedures inDirectory USERDISK:[HUDNALL.RADARC.FORECAST]

FORECAST.COM - does all VMS steps requiredJOB.COM - control card images for the RADARC runs,

JOB.COM must be edited by the user forthe site latitude, logitude, and bearing

PART1.COM - submits the edited job control file to the batchqueue for the 288 runs of RADARC

PART2.COM - uses the following command procedures to createthe range result files

COMBINE.COM, MAKEALL.COM, MAKE2K.COM, MAKE4K.COM, RANGES.COM

U)ZIM: [HUMUL. 1UUNW.FxSe.aST) FSaXW. CO

5!'!..........FORECAST.COMt~~t~tt!~~tSt

$! These are the VMS steps to do a Performance Forecast$!

$ set verify$! ! assiý,.. -ogical name to directory with forecast routinesS,$ assign USERDISK: (hudnall.radarc.forecast) FORMEASTS,$ ' assign LOCATION to directory$! t for job file and output files5!$ assign userdisk- lhudnall.radarc.forecast.beeville) LOCATIONSt$! t create the directory for the job file$! ! and resultant data files$ create/dir LOCATION$! ! job file will control the 288 runs of RADARC,$! !with a run for each of 24 hours in day, 12 monthsS,

$ copy FORECAST:job.com LOCATION: job.com

use editor to nmdify job control file$ vmacs LOCATION:job.com ! (or edit LOCATION: job.com)$$ @FORECAST:partl .com t this command procedure will submit the$! ! job control file to the BATC11 queue,$! t the job will take about five hours.$ t The job will create the r,%R030.DAT$! RADARC output files for each month and hour.$! ! The files are named mOlhOl.f30, mOlhO2.f30,$1 ! m12h23.f30, and m12h24.f30.$! ! Other data files written by RADARC are deleted at each$! s step of the job

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$ wait for the batch job to run ............... probably overnight

$! . . . ......... continue the next day with remaining step.-

$ @FORECAST: part2, corn

VOMDISK: [(tKMALL.iA %I .IUtCAST])PARIT . 0;1

$ submit/QUEUE-ZERO/notify/noprint LOCATION: job. corn

USWIS: IROEWL. WUWTOzXW = .O~; 1

$ OCOMBINE.COM ! combines the hourly files for each. monthS$ ! into a monthly file and then deletes the hourly files$ @HAKEALL.COM ! Makes the file ALL.F30 by concatinating the 12 monthly files$ @MAKE2K.COM 1 Makes the file of ionograms for 2k max range$ OMAKE4K.COM I Makes the file of ionograms for 4k max range$ @RANGES.COM ' Creates range files that are used by PC routines

US=DISK: [(UDrtLL. AflWC. - WECIAST ] COBIME. OOU; 2

$! COMBINE.COM - combines the hourly files for each month into a monthly file$! and then deletes the hourly files$ set verify$ copy m01h*.f30 mOl.f30$ delete m0lh* .f30; *$ copy m02h*.f30 m02.f30$ delete m02h*.f30;*$ copy uK)3h*. f30 r03.f3U$ delete m03h*.f30;*$ copy rnD4h*.f30 m04.f30$ delete m04h*.f30;*$ copy m05h*.f30 mnO5.f30$ delete m05h*.t30;*$ copy m46h*.f30 m06.f30$ delete m06h*.f3O;*$ copy mO7h*. f30 m07. f30$ delete m07h*.f3O;*$ copy ni08h.*.f30 mOO.f30$ delete mO8h*.f30;*$ copy m09h*.f30 m09.f3O$ delete m09h1.f30;*$ copy mlOh,.f30 mlO.f30$ delete mlOh*.f30;*$ copy nllh*.f30 mll.f30$ delete mllh*.f30;*$ copy ml2h*.f30 m12.f30$ delete ml2h*.f30;*

USDISK: [gBDOI .RADAR. FNU ECSTj I 2K .OO; 1

$ MAKE2K.COM - Makes the file of ionograms for 2k max range

$ search all.f30 '4- 1800"/win-(10, 48)/output-ALL2K.prn

US•DIS•: [KUDWAL. RADARC .F(aRECSTJ IMAE4K .OO 1

$! UMKE4K.COM - Makes the file of ionograno for 4k max range

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$ aearch all. f30 "~+ 3600" /win- (10, 4 7) /output-AM.14K . prn

U- (IKU . L.~DI FREoJI~L ~~

$1 NKEALL.CCI - Makes the file ALL.F30 by concati~nating tho 12 trWnthly files

$sot verify$ copy ni~l.f3O,m02,niO3,ni4,rnO5,m06,mO7,ni0O,mO9,ml01 nill,rnl2 all.f30$ sot novorify

U8 18 RMRM PAPWIrEC~ O .CCU 4

V' RANGES-CON - makes range files that are used by PC rou1tine3

$set Verify$ search LOCATION:all4k.prn I~+ 400"1/output'.LCChTION:r0400.prn

$search WOCATION:ai1l4k.prn '+1200"/ouiput-LCJCATIOI4:r1200.prn

$ search LOCATION:a,114k.prn "+1600M /output-l0C1IATIOt4:rl600.prn

$ search LOCATION:aI.14k.prn '+200O"/out~put-LOC1ATI0N:r2000.prn

$ search LOCATION:all4k.prn "424O0"/output-LOCATION:r240O.prn$ set novorify

USM.DIM: (U M1L.r4ADAW.FaVCCAM JW. C09; 1

$RUN USERDISK: (SKAGGS .IWRAIC .V7AX.PRMICT'r.MODTEST .JRDI3VL) b9DWRITE30RADAflCTEST .EX2 111010101 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 204. -1.0 60.0

M01010l36.8 76.3 12040 0.126 0.0 06.0 02.5 1.0 1. 000 2 1.0 1217510-1.0 1400. 2000. 205. 28. 1.

$copy forO3O.dat userdiok: rhudnall.radarc.boovil1e~m~lh01 .f30$del for*.dat;*$RUN USERDISK; (SKAGS . RADARC .VAX .PREDIC'r. I40TEST. JRDBVL) ODWRITE30RAiDARCTF.ST .EXE2 111020201 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 204. -1.0 60.0

M0101036.8 76.3 120.0 0.126 0.0 06.0 02.5 1.0 1. 000 2 1.0 12175.0-1.0 1400. 2800. 205. 28. 1.

$ copy forO3O.dat uaerdisk: (hudnajll~ractarc.beevillejm~lhO2 .f30$ dolete for*.dat;.&$ RUN USERDI SK: (SKAGG.S. RDARC. VAX .PM, DIC? .I0DTFST. JPDBVLJ MODWRITE30MAARCTEST. .EXE2 111030301 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 204. -1.0 60.0

Mi0l 01036.8 16.3 120.0 0.126 0.0 06.0 02.5 1.0 1. 000 2 1.0 12115.0-1.0 1400. 2800. 205. 20. 1.

$ copy for03O.dtat user-disk: [hiudnall. radarc.b>ooville]mOlhO03.f30$ del for*.dat;*$ RUN USIDISK: (SKAGS .RADARC .VAX. PREDICT. HODTEST ..JDI3VLI WDWRuII-30R.ADARCTEST .EXE2 111040401 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 204. -1.0 60.0

m10101036.8 16.3 120.0 0.126 0.0 06.0 02.5 1.0 1. 000 2 1.0 12175.0-1.0 1400. 2000. 205. 28. 1.

and so forth for all 24 hoiurs of each of 12 montlhs

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After the range result files have been created on a VAX workstation, the. files are transferred to apersonal comnputer for formatting the resuhs, plotting the forecast graphs, and reducing the data tothe forecast tables.

Much of the work on the PC is done by the following DOS batch file-

poako r0400.prn > rO400.datpeaks rOOOO.prn > rOOOO.datpeaks rl2OO.prn > r1200.datpeaks r1600.prn > r1600.datpeaks r2000.prn > r2000.datpeaks r2400.pri > r2400.datcut -c1-5 r0400.dat >tmp.Ocut -c6-O0 r04OO.dat >tnp.lcut -o6-B0 rOOOO.dat >twp.2cut -c6-80 rl2OO.dat >trp.3out -o6-00 r1600.dat >trap.4cut -c6-00 r2000.dat >trap.5cut -c6-00 r2400.dat >trp.6peate t.p.0 tnV. 1 tf.f,.2 tmp.3 tn. 4 tUp.5 Lnq.6> r.datcopy \projects\forocast\heading. txt+r. dat tablo.datavail 1 > aOlavail 11 > allavail 21 > a21avail 31 > a31avail 41 > a41copy aOl+rAl+a21+a314a4]. avail.prn

Use Quattro-Pro to import the file TABLE.DAT. Convert the time from GMT to local (subtractfive hours for Virginia or six hours for Texas). Re-order the rows so that hours run from 0 to 23local in each monih. Annotate the graphs with site location, selected range, radar parameters, andsun spot number.

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REFERENCES

1. Headrick, J.M., Hr Over-the-Horizon Radar, Chapter 24 of Umi d1jar. /MerrillI. Skolnik, Editor in Chief(McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990), 24.1-24.43

2. Thomason, J., G. Skaggs, and J. Lloyd. A Gl1bg 1oisk l, NRL report-8321. 20, August 1979.

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