l growth l nutrient needs l nutritional concerns l feeding skills l food preferences l division of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Growth Nutrient needs Nutritional concerns Feeding skills Food preferences Division of feeding
responsibility» parents» child
School and nutrition Eating Pattern Messages
Nutrition during Childhood
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Growth
Period of _____________(until adolescence)
Wide variations expected in rate of growth, body size, physical activity, nutrient intake
Once established, growth percentiles should track for _________________
BMI-for-age, however, should _______________
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Nutrient Needs
1-3 YO 4-6 YO 7-10 YO
Kcal/kg/day
(102 90 70)
Kcal/day 1046 1742 2279
Pro/kg/d 1.1 0.95
Protein/d 13 g 19 g 34 g
0.95
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Nutrient Needs
1-3 YO 4-8 YO 9-13 YO
Iron
Fiber
Zinc
Folic acid
Vit. D*
Calcium*
Vit. E
7 mg 10 mg 8 mg
19 g 25 g 31/26 g
3 mg
150 μg 200 μg
600 IU 600 IU 600 IU
5 mg 8 mg
300 μg
700 mg 1000 mg 1300 mg
6 mg 7 mg 11 mg
*National Academy of Sciences. (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, Institute of Medicine, November 2010. See www.iom.edu/vitaminD for more information.
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Nutrient Needs
Energy» varies child-to-child
and day-to-day Protein» vegan children:
Calcium
________» wound healing, appetite,
immunity, growth Trace elements, vitamins
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Nutrient Needs
Fat» Do NOT» 1-3 YO:» 4-18 YO:
Fiber» 14 g/1000 kc»
Fluids» since 1970s: _____ vs. sodas
and noncitrus juices» only ___% of school children
do not drink soda!!
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Nutritional Concerns
Iron-deficiency anemia»more common:
» physical and mental development
» immune resistance Dental caries
Constipation
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Nutritional Concerns
Lead poisoning
Food security
Food safety» smaller body size increases
risk
Overweight/obesity» steadily increasing since
1970s
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Predictors of Overweight/Obesi
ty
gestational diabetes __________ obesity early (<5.5 YO)» lowest BMI ~4-6 YO
low lower ________ food restriction» forbidden foods and guilt
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Characteristics of Overweight
Children
taller “older” bones earlier sexual maturity risks for obesity
consequences (chronic disease)» Type 2 diabetes
concerns with dieting start ever younger
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What to do?
seek energy balance» support innate food regulation» physical activity
change habits as a family
focus on ________, not weight loss
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Stages of Childhood
Stage Age Characteristics Feeding
SkillsToddler 1-3
Pre-schooler
3-5
Middle Child-hood
5-10
Preado-lescence
~9-12
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Feeding Skills
most skills mature by» cup management » finger (pincer) grasp» less risk of
able to cut foods by
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Food Preferences
“I like…”» :-) – :-( – :-|
» single foods»mixture of» temperature»mild flavors» colorful!» familiar
jags and rituals are
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Children will eat Children are capable of
Children generally react negatively to new foods but
Parents can either support or disrupt their child’s food acceptance and regulation
Both ____________ and ____________ are harmful
Division of Feeding
Responsibility--Facts
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Parent is responsible for:
Child is responsible for:
Division of Feeding Responsibility—
Toddler+
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select and buy appropriate food make and present meals regulate time of meals and snacks present food in appropriate form don’t be a short-order cook be realistic about portions don’t make dessert a reward keep mealtimes pleasant help child participate in meals help child feed if necessary maintain standards of behavior at
table
Tips for Parents
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Miscellaneous
Vegetables» keep trying without fighting»model good intake
Adjust portion sizes smaller» ______ per year of age for f/v
Encourage calcium intake» remember alternatives to milk
Plan meals and snacks
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School Considerations
Breakfast— Establish healthful lifestyles School meals» NSLP: nutrition, education
“Enemies” or “Allies”:» ____________________– competitive foods
» ____________________– follow guidelines
» ___________ opportunities– intake better if lunch is after
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Recommendations/
Goals
DRIs for infants:» all are AIs
DRIs for other stages:»mix of AIs and RDAs
Healthy People 2010 goals» read lists in text
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Eating Pattern Messages: 1-2
YOs
Encourage drinking from a cup
Let your child decide how much food to eat
Offer a fruit and/or vegetable at each meal and snack
Give your child whole milk until age two
Offer cheese, cereal, and fruit for snacks
Cut foods into pieces smaller than a dime to prevent choking
Eat meals together and talk
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Eating Pattern Messages: 2-5
YOs
Switch to skim or 1% milk Let your child decide how
much food to eat Offer a fruit and/or vegetable at
each meal and snack Offer cheese, raisins,
cereal, and fruit for snacks Cut foods into pieces smaller
than a dime to prevent choking Offer foods at least 10 times
before deciding your child doesn’t like them
Encourage physical activity throughout the day
Eat meals together and talk