Progress Report Lab 4 Group F–Abbey Hamilton, Merveille Kavota, McKenzie Kennelly, and Xinjie Li

Instructor-Professor John Schrock, GTA-Rahel Bayene 02/08/2017

Lab 3: Situation: Lab 3 consisted of two parts. In the first part of the lab, each team member individually deliberated and came up with a design of an AEV that fulfilled the requirements set in the Mission Concept Review (MCR). In the second part of the lab, the team worked together to create and design a single AEV that would most effectively meet the MCR criteria. To successfully create the design, the team brainstormed and then proceeded to communicate all ideas outloud to allow for the best AEV design to be chosen. All concept sketches were completed on orthographic drawing paper and included the dimensions, the estimated weight, and the estimated billing materials of the AEV. In future labs, the AEV design will be physically created; therefore, the necessary materials to create the design were necessary to identify. The components to create the AEV include the provided parts and any additional parts bought from an outside source or created using a 3D printer/laser cutter. Results and analysis: In all four individual designs created by the team, the same nine materials are used -- the Arduino Nano, the PCB board, the board components, the motor chips, the current sensor, the count sensor, the wheels, the hardware, and the plastic body pieces. The Arduino Nano is mandatory as it controls the AEV Controller and allows for all code to be executed successfully on the AEV. The sensors allow for the distance that the AEV travels to be tracked and controlled. The wheels allow for the AEV to move on an overhead track. All of the materials provided were necessary to include in the design of the AEV. Design number one, completed by McKenzie Kennelly, was based off of the Star Wars’ ship, the X-Wing T-65. The ship consists of four separate wings, two on each side. The plan to attain the wings is to 3D print all four of them. This will eliminate cost for the team, and will allow for the design to be made completely as desired. On both sides, the wings are positioned so that the top wing is at approximately a 45° angle above the bottom wing. This creates an “X” design. Using a staggering design in the wings, the ship’s bottom wings are set slightly more forward than its top wings. This allows for limited interference to occur between the wings. Additionally, the wings are slightly curved, which is called “cambered.” This has been known to reduce start up speeds of aircraft. The front of the spaceship has a rounded nose, which aims to lower the drag force. The plan is to purchase the nose of the spaceship at a hobby shop. The propellers, which are on the upper wings, are designed to be parallel to each other. Again, this is done to reduce the drag force. The arm of the AEV is centered on the ship to create an equal balance so when the AEV is put on the overhead track, it does not tip. All aspects taken into consideration when designing the spaceship were done to ultimately fulfil the MCR. The limited interference between the wings, the minimization of the drag force, and the reduced start up speed are all ways in which energy of the AEV will be minimized. Additionally, the use of two wings will create a sturdiness on each side of the aircraft that will allow for cargo to be carried successfully. To design this spaceship, McKenzie used an image of

Progress Report Lab 4 the X-Wing T-65 and an image of the original AEV design for reference.

Design number two, completed by Merveille Kavota, was based off of the United States Air Force aircraft, the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. The fighter aircraft is aerodynamic as it consists of two large area clipped delta wings, one on each side, a pointed nose, a large leading edge flap, fins at the back, and horizontal aerilons parallel to the main wings.The fighter aircraft is weight efficient as it has a welded fuselage. The plan is to 3D print a hollow body of the F-22 with a rectangular hole behind the cockpit. The hollow 3D printed body will be attached to the base with the arm going through the rectangular hole and the Arduino next to it. The wings will then be 3D printed and attached to the body. Lastly, the propeller will be added to the tail of the plane and the battery will be placed at the bottom of the base. The overall design of the aircraft makes it sturdy which will allow it to carry the cargo successfully. To design the aircraft, Merveille used an image of a Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and an image of the

Progress Report Lab 4 original AEV design for reference.

Design number three, completed by Xinjie Li, was based off of the Star Wars’ ship, the J-type 327 Nubian Royal Starship. This ship has four parts -- two wings, the backbone, and the nose. The plan to

Progress Report Lab 4

create the wings is to 3D print them, and the plan to create the backbone is to laser cut it by using a plastic board. This will reduce the cost for the team. Using plastic to build the ship will reduce the weight of the ship in order to increase the efficiency of the AEV. Two huge wings, one on each side, provide enough room for the control system, electric motors, and even the cargo that will be put on the AEV to fulfil the MCR requirements. The large wings will allow for the main body of the ship to be small. This makes the ship balanced. Two propellers are installed on the wings, one for each wing, to provide prower. A strong backbone will support the whole ship. It will connect the main body to the two wings. The battery will be installed on the backbone to input energy, and the arm will put on the front of the ship. The two wheels at the top will attach to the monorail system. To create his concept sketch, Xinjie referenced an image of the J-type 327 Nubian Royal Starship and of the model AEV. All in all, this streamline design will reduce the air resistance during movement to save more energy, which will increase the efficiency of the AEV to satisfy MCR requirements.

Design number four, completed by Abbey Hamilton, was based off the Star Wars’ ship, the TIE Fighter. The ship has a main octagonal control room with bridges off of the left and right side that connect to each wing. The purpose of the control room is to house the base of the AEV, the base of the arm, the Arduino, and the battery. The control room will be created from parts purchased at a hobby store. Attached to the sides of each bridge are the wings. Each wing consists of three sides, each parallel to its counterpart on the octagonal control room. From the left and right side, the wings angle is approximately 120°, both from the top and bottom of the wings. This creates one side with two intersecting sides, one above and one

Progress Report Lab 4 below, when viewed from the side.The wings will help reduce drag, increase the efficiency of the AEV, and maintain operational consistency when the AEV carries cargo, regardless of what type of cargo is transported. The wings will be created by 3D printing, both ensuring accuracy of the angles and reducing costs for the team. In the back of the ship, there are two propellers positioned side by side. These propellers will increase the propulsion efficiency of the AEV. At the top of the AEV is the top of the arm, where two wheels will attach to the monorail system. By placing the arm within the center of the octogonal control room, the AEV will maintain operational efficiency, meaning no matter what planet the AEV is on, it will be able to transfer cargo effectively, as the arm will have additional support from the

Progress Report Lab 4 control room. To design the ship, Abbey referenced an image of a TIE Fighter and of the model AEV.

The last design created was as a team. This concept sketch was based off the Star Wars’ ship, the Starship Destroyer. The team named their design Schrock! There It Is T-1182 Spaceship. Combining aspects from all four individual designs, this spaceship strives to fulfil all MCR requirements. The nose of the spaceship is pointed. A pointed nose will allow for drag to be reduced as the AEV changes direction. The spaceship, unlike all four individual designs, does not have obtruding wings from the sides. The shape of

Progress Report Lab 4 the aircraft base is simply a large isosceles triangle. The design specifically includes a delta wing design, which smoothes aircraft speed and increases propulsion efficiency. The triangle will allow for cargo to successfully be carried on the overhead rail as the base will be supportive and sturdy to the AEV structure. To create the triangle base, the team plans to use the 3D printer, which will cost nothing. The final design of the AEV will meet MCR requirements as it will minimize energy usage, minimize mass, and carry the cargo successfully.

Takeaways: 1) Creative Process: The creative design thinking technique, brainstorming, was practiced. Obstacles that prevent creative thinking were presented, so they could be avoided by the team. 2) Project Portfolio: Each team member’s project portfolio was started.

Progress Report Lab 4 3) AEV: Each team member designed an AEV. As a team, a final AEV design was created. 4) Design Considerations: The MCR and other considerations for AEV design were considered in the brainstorming and designing process to make sure the chosen design fulfills all requirements. 5) Cost and Materials: All materials and their corresponding costs was identified. Tables and Figures: Name: AEV Concept Sketch 1 - X-Wing T-1182 Spaceship Team member: McKenzie Kennelly Estimated weight: 250 grams Estimated bill of materials:

Arduino Nano $6.00

PCB board $10.00

Board components $14.00

Motor chips $16.00

Current sensor $8.00

Counts sensor $6.00

Wheel (2) $23.00

Hardware $3.00

Plastic body pieces $9.00

Nose of ship $7.00

Wings (4) FREE (3D printed)

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TOTAL $102.00

Name: AEV Concept Sketch Design 2 - F-22 Team member: Merveille Kavota Estimated weight:250 grams Estimated bill of materials:

Arduino Nano $6.00

PCB board $10.00

Progress Report Lab 4 Board components $14.00

Motor chips $16.00

Current sensor $8.00

Counts sensor $6.00

Wheel (2) $23.00

Hardware $3.00

Plastic body pieces $9.00

F-22 body and wings

FREE (3D printed)

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TOTAL $95.00

Name: AEV Concept Sketch Design 3 - Royal Naboo ship Team member: Xinjie Li Estimated weight: 240 grams Estimated bill of materials:

Arduino Nano $6.00

PCB board $10.00

Board components $14.00

Motor chips $16.00

Current sensor $8.00

Counts sensor $6.00

Wheel (2) $23.00

Hardware $3.00

Plastic body pieces $8.00

Wings(2) $15.00

Nose of ship FREE (3D printed)

Progress Report Lab 4 ====

TOTAL $109.00

Name: AEV Concept Sketch Design 4 - TIE Fighter TF-1182 Team member: Abbey Hamilton Estimated weight: 255 grams Estimated bill of materials:

Arduino Nano $6.00

PCB board $10.00

Board components $14.00

Motor chips $16.00

Current sensor $8.00

Counts sensor $6.00

Wheel (2) $23.00

Hardware $3.00

Plastic body pieces $9.00

Wings (2) FREE (3D printed)

Control Room Piece $15.00

Bridges (2) FREE (3D printed)

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TOTAL $110.00

Name: AEV Concept Sketch Team - Schrock! There It Is T-1182 Spaceship Team: Team F Estimated weight: 248 grams Estimated bill of materials:

Arduino Nano $6.00

PCB board $10.00

Progress Report Lab 4 Board components $14.00

Motor chips $16.00

Current sensor $8.00

Counts sensor $6.00

Wheel (2) $23.00

Hardware $3.00

Plastic body pieces $9.00

Triangle base FREE (3D printed)

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TOTAL $95.00

Lab 4 Situation: In lab four, the team will complete the two-part lab by first creating a program for the Arduino to have the AEV move from the starting gate to the first stop. The team will ensure the code works both on the desktop stand and on the monorail system. After completing a successful run on the monorail track, the team will download the data from the Arduino onto the sketchbook, which will then translate the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) data into a MATLAB file. The MATLAB file will allow the team to create a script file which will convert the EEPROM data into physical parameters that can be used to improve the code of the Arduino. After using MATLAB to convert the EEPROM data into physical data, the team will examine the data by plotting a graph within MATLAB. With the physical parameters plotted, the team will further analyze the data with a provided design analysis tool. This tool will enable the team to use the figures plotted in future progress reports. Weekly goals:

1) Learn to download and utilize data from the automatic control system 2) Learn to translate Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory from the Arduino into

physical limits 3) Learn to compute physical characteristics from physical limits 4) Determine how to use the MATLAB based design analysis tool 5) Master how to upload wind tunnel data and Arduino data into the design analysis tool 6) Learn to administer performance analysis of an AEV operation 7) Learn to export graphs and plots from MATLAB for reports

Weekly schedule:

Progress Report Lab 4 When it is time to write the fourth progress report, the entire team will meet on Friday, February 10 at 5:30 P.M. to 7 P.M. in Connecting Grounds. They will begin the progress report. Any unfinished work for the report will be completed as a group on Monday, February 10.

Progress Report Lab 4 Appendix: Team Meeting Notes Date: 02/07/2017 Time: 8:00PM Members Present: Abbey Hamilton, Merveille Kavota, McKenzie Kennelly, and Xinjie Li Topics Discussed: Lab 2 Post-Lab

Objective: Today’s main focus was to work on and complete the progress report for Lab 4.

To do/Action Items: - Complete individual drawings of AEV design by 02/07/2017 (Abbey H, Merveille K, McKenzie K, Xinjie L) -Read Lab Manual for lab 4 before Wednesday, February 8 (Abbey H, Merveille K, McKenzie K, Xinjie L)

Decisions: - The team will meet on February 10 and February 13 to complete the progress report for Lab 5. - The team will start working on the extra credit video on February 10. - Questions about the use of the 3D printer will be asked about to Rahel and/or Schrock during their office hours on Monday, February 13.

Reflections: - In order to understand the upcoming lab, all team members must read through the lab manual for that week. This will help the team complete the lab during the allotted time. Arduino Code reverse (4); // both motors reverse so they move forward motorSpeed(4, 45); // both motors move at a speed of 45% for 2 seconds goFor(2); motorSpeed(4, 40); // both motors move at a speed of 40% goToAbsolutePosition(332); // the AEV moves to a position of 332 marks reverse(4); // both motors reverse direction motorSpeed(4, 45); // both motors move at a speed of 45% for 1 second goFor(1); brake(4); // both motors stop