ArQ-Swsqrie`k jwx-pCwx

(An Introduction to Economics)

pySkS:-bldyv isMG

lYkcrwr ieknwimkss.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr84270-04513

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ArQ-Swsqr kI hY? rozwnw dw jIvn clwaux leI bhuq swrIAWvsqUAW dI loV pYNdI hY[;- Bojn, k`pVy,mkwn,ikqwbW,Kyfx leI hwkI, P`utbwl, mnorMjnleI tYlIivzn, isnymw, ibmwr hox qy dvweIAW[

iehnW ibnW jIvn AsMBv ,pRwpqI qy sMquStI nhINdu`K[ArQ-Swsqr iv`c mnu`KI loVW dI pUrqI leI kIqyXqnW dw AiDAYn kIqw jWdw [ AwriQk ikirAwvW; aupBog,auqpwdn,invyS,vtWdrw (kImq inrDwrnAqy swDnW dI kImq inrDwrn)

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ArQ Swsqr dw ArQEconomics Sbd grIk BwSw dy do SbdW

Oikos (gRihsQ) Aqy Nemein (pRbMD)

ArQ Swsqr do SbdW qoN iml ky bixAw hY[ArQ = Dn Aqy Swsqr = ivigAwn[swDn sImq qy durl`B , ivklipk pRXogcox dI sm`isAw dw AiDAYn [ ivAkqIgq,smwijk rwStrI qy AMqrrwStrIp`Dr qy auqpMn huMdI hY[

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pirBwSwvW

DnsbMDI

BOiqkkilAwx durl`Bqw ivkws

kyNidRq

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pirBwSwDn sbMDI

“ArQ-Swsqr rwStrW dy Dn dI pRikRqI AqykwrnW dI Koj hY”[ AYfm sim`Q

1776 (An Enquiry into the Nature and causes of

Wealth of Nations)

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pirBwSw BOiqk kilAwx “ArQ-Swsqr jIvn dy sDwrn ik`qy dy sbMD iv`c mwnv

jwqI dw AiDAYn hY [ieh ivAkqIgq Aqy smwijk kwrjWdy aus Bwg dw AiDAYn krdw hY ijs dw gihrw sbMDkilAwx pRdwn krn vwly BOiqk pdwrQW dI pRwpqI AqyauhnW dw aupXog krn qoN hY”[

fw: mwrSl 1890

(Principles of Economics)

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pirBwSwdurl`Bqw

“ArQ-Swsqr auh ivigAwn hY ijhVwiviBMn aupXogW vwly sImq sMswDnW Aqy auydySWnwl sbMD r`Kx vwly mwnvI ivvhwr dwAiDAYn krdw hY”[

lwrf roibMs 1932

( An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science)

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pirBwSwivkws kyNidRq

“ArQ-Swsqr auh Swsqr hY ijs iv`c mnu`Kdy aunHW kwrjW dw AiDAYn kIqw jWdw hY jo auhv`D qoN v`D sMquStI pRwpq krn leI sImqswDnW dy auic`q pRXog dy iv`c krdy hn”[

sYmUAlsn (nobl purskwr), pItrsn,PrgUsn

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ivAStI/smStI ArQ-SwsqrivAStI; (Micro) gRIk BwSw dy Mikros,

(kImq isDWq ) ArQ-Swsqr iv`civAkqIgq p`Dr dIAW AwriQk sm`isAwvWdw AiDAYn krdw hY[ie`k ivAkqI, ie`k Prm,ie`k audXog qy ie`k bwzwr[ (mwrSl,ihks)

smStI; ;(Macro) gRIk BwSw dy Makros

ArQ-Swsqr swrI ArQ-ivvsQw dy p`Drqy AwriQk sm`isAwvW dw AiDAYn krdwhY[ byruzgwrI dI sm`isAw,smUihk mMg,smUihk pUrqI, mudrw sPIqI dI dr,rwStrI Awmdn[

pRo:rYgnr PirS Eslo XUnIvristI,nwrvy 11

ivAStI ArQ-Swsqr dw Kyqr1. mMg dw isDWq, aupBogqw dy vrqwv dw AiDAYn2. sImWq ivSlySx: GtdI sImWq aupXogqw dw inXm, pirvrqnSIl Anupwq dw inXm, pRqIPl dw inXm , sm-sImWq aupXogqw dw inXm[

3. auqpwdn dw isDWq; v`K-v`K swDnW dw pRXog krkyG`t lwgq qy v`D qoN v`D lwB[

4. vsqU dI kImq inrDwrx dw isDWq; v`K-v`K bwzwrWiv`c[

5. auqpwdn dw swDnW dI kImq inrDwrx; BUmI,ikrqI,pUMjI, audmI[

6. BlweI dw isDWq; aupBogqw,auqpwdk,mzdUrW12

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smStI ArQ-Swsqr dw Kyqr1. Awmdn Aqy rozgwr dw isDWq;2. Dn Aqy bYNikMg dw isDWq;3. sDwrx kImq p`Dr dw isDWq;4. AwriQk ivkws Aqy vwDy dw isDWq;5. smStI vMf dw isDWq;6. AMqr rwStrI vpwr dw isDWq;

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ivAkqIgq Aqy smUihk ArQ-Swsqr iv`c AMqr

ivAkqIgq(Micro)

smUihk(Macro)

1. Kyqr

ivAkqIgq iekweIAW, 1 mnu`K dw aupBog, 1Prm dw auqpwdn, lwgq Aqy lwB Awid[

smu`cI ArQ ivvsQw , rwStrI Awmdn, ruzgwr, byruzgwrI, kImq p`Dr Awid[

2. audyS

ivAkqIgq PrmWduAwrw kImq inrDwrnAqy swDn kImq dwAiDAYn

rwStrI Awmdn Aqyruzgwr dw AiDAYnkrnw Aqy AwriQkivkws dIAW sm`isAwvWdw h`l

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ivAkqIgq Aqy smUihk ArQ-Swsqr iv`c AMqrivAkqIgq(Micro)

smUihk(Macro)

3.mwnqwvW

smUihk crW nMUsiQr mMinAWjWdw hY[

ivAkqIgq cr nMUsiQr mMinAW jWdwhY[

4.sMquln

AWiSk sMquln dIivAwiKAw krdw hY, ie`k pirvwr, ie`kPrm dy sMquln

swDwrn sMquln dIivAwiKAw krdw hY , dyS dy ku`l aupBog,ku`linvyS,ku`l ruzgwr [

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ivAkqIgq Aqy smUihkArQ-Swsqr iv`c AMqr

ivAkqIgq(Micro)

smUihk(Macro)

5.ivSlySx ie`k gqIhIxivSlySx hY[

ie`k gqISIlivSlySx hY[

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AwriQk pRxwlIAW

pUMjIvwd smwjvwdimSrqArQ

ivvsQw

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AwriQk pRxwlIAWpUMjIvwd :- lokW nMU aupBog,auqpwdn,vtWdrw Awid krn

dI suqMqrqw[ srkwr AwriQk ikirAwvW iv`c dKlAMdwzInhIN krdI[lok sMpqI jmHW kr skdy hn[

smwjvwd:-aupBog, auqpwdn, vtWdrw Awid ikirAwvW qypUrx rUp nwl srkwr dw kwbU[

imSrq ArQ ivvsQw:- kuJ AwriQk kwrj krn leIlok suqMqr ,kuJ AwriQk kwrjW qy srkwr dw kwbU [in`jIAqy srkwrI Kyqr dI sihhoNd [

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ArQ-Swsqr dw mh`qv(1) AwriQk ikirAwvW dy svrUp bwryjwxkwrI;- ivvsQw iv`c AwriQk ikirAwvW nMUiqMn KyqrW iv`c vMifAw igAw hY; pRwQimk Kyqr,gOx Kyqr Aqy qIjw Kyqr [

(2)AwriQk ivkws dy p`Dr dw igAwn:ivksq ,ivkwsSIl jW Aivksq hY[ (3) pRqI ivAkqI Awmdn Aqy aupBog bwryjwxkwrI ; rwStr dy lokW dy jIvn p`Drdw sUck[

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ArQ-Swsqr dw mh`qv (4) AMqrrwStrI qulnw:- v`K-v`K dySW dy AwriQkivkws dy p`Dr dI qulnw [

(5) ruzgwr p`Dr Aqy auqpwdkqw dy p`Dr dwigAwn:- dyS iv`c ruzgwr dy p`Dr Aqy auqpwdkqw dyp`Dr dw igAwn huMdw hY[

(6) ivdySI vpwr dI jwxkwrI:- iksy dyS dy ivdySIvpwr iv`c BwgIdwrI bwry jwxkwrI imldI [

(7) in`jI Aqy srvjnk Kyqr dw Xogdwn:-in`jI Aqy srvjnk KyqrW dw AwriQk ivkws iv`cXogdwn ikMnw hY[

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ArQ-Swsqr ie`k ivigAwn1.smwijk ivigAwn,2.kudrqI ivigAwn

(pRo.sYilgmYn)

1.lVIvwr AiDAYn; sMquStI[(mnu`KI ivvhwr ) kyNdr ibMdU (1) aupBogqwvW dI AiDkqm (2) auqpwdkW dy AiDkqm lwB[ (3) AiDkqm smwijk kilAwx dy tIcy [2. ivigAwink inXm ;-mMg dw inXm,pUrqI dw inXm(iviBMn crW dy kwrn Aqy pirxwm iv`c sbMD)3. inXmW dI scweI ;- mMg dw inXm[

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ArQ-Swsqr ie`k klwiksy inSicq audyS dI pRwpqI leIigAwn dI ivvhwrk vrqoN klw hY[

Bwrq iv`c byruzgwrI , srkwr dw audySrozgwr dyxw , AwriQk inXojn dw rsqwApxwauxw[

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pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q1.ArQ-Swsqr(Economics) Sbd iks BwSwqoN ilAw igAw hY?(a)PrYNc (b)lYitn (c)grIk(d)ienHW iv`coN koeI vI nhIN[au`qr:-(c) grIk [Q2. mnu`KI loVW……… Aqy swDn ………hn[ (sImq, AsImq)au`qr:-AsImq Aqy sImq[Q3.kImq isDWq dw dUsrw nW hY? (a)kImq inXMqrx (b)ivAStI ArQ-Swsqr(c) srvjnk iv`q (d)smStI ArQ-Swsqr[au`qr:- (b)ivAStI ArQ-Swsqr

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pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q4.ivAStI ArQ-Swsqr iv`c hyT iliKAW iv``coNiks dI loV nhIN hY?(a) Biv`KbwxI (b)AwrQk nIqIAW( c)AwrQk kilAwx (d) pUrn ruzgwr[au`qr:- (d) pUrn ruzgwr[Q5.hyTW iliKAW iv`coN ikhVw cox dI sm`isAw nwlsMbMiDq nhIN hY? (a)Awmdn dw v`D hoxw (b)swDnWdw aupXog (c )AsImq loVW (d) sImq swDn[au`qr:- (a)Awmdn dw v`D hoxw [Q6.cox dw mu`K kwrn durl`Bqw hY[ ( shI/glq)au`qr:- shI[ 25

pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q 7. hyT iliKAW iv``coN ikhVI AwriQk ikirAwnhIN hY? (a) aupdyS dyxw (b)aupBog( c)auqpwdn (d) invyS [au`qr:- (a) aupdyS dyxw[Q 8.hyTW iliKAW iv`coN ikhVI AwriQk ikirAwhY?(a) nyqw dw BwSx (b) smwDI lgwky BgqIkrnw (c )vtWdrw (d) Jrny hyT ieSnwn krnwau`qr:- (c )vtWdrw [Q 9 AiDAwpk,vkIl,fwktr dIAW syvwvW[ (AwriQk ikirAw/ AnwriQk ikirAw ) au`qr:- AwriQk ikirAw[

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pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q10.ivAkqIgq ArQ-Swsqr Aqy smUihk ArQ-Swsqr DwrnwvW dI vrqoN sB qoN pihlW iks nykIqI?(a) mwrSl (b) pRo;rYgnr PirS( c) pIgU (d) AyYfm sim`Q[au`qr:- (b) pRo;rYgnr PirS[Q11. ku`l b`cq,ku`l invyS,ku`l auqpwdn iks dy crhn ? (ivAkqIgq ArQ-Swsqr / smUihk ArQ-Swsqr) au`qr:- smUihk ArQ-Swsqr) [Q12. ArQ-Swsqr dI Dn sbMDI pirBwSw iks nyid`qI? ?(a) mwrSl (b) pIgU ( c) AyYfm sim`Q[au`qr:- ( c) AyYfm sim`Q) 27

pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q13. AYfm sim`Q dI pusqk „vYlQ Aw& nySnz‟ ikhVy swl CpI ? (a)1932 (b) 1815

( c) 1776 (d) 1890 au`qr:- ( c) 1776 Q14. ArQ-Swsqr dw ipqw kOx hY? (a) mwrSl (b) pRo;rYgnr PirS( c) kOtilAw (d) AyYfm sim`Q[au`qr:- (d) AyYfm sim`Q[Q15. pRo.mwrSl ny ArQ-Swsqr nMU Boiqk BlweI dwAiDAYn mMinAw hY[ ( shI/glq)au`qr:- shI[

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pRSnoqrI (Quiz)Q16. AYfm sim`Q rwhIN id`qI geI ArQ-Swsqr dIpirBwSw iv`c Dn nMU pihlw Aqy mnu`K nMU gOx sQwnid`qw igAw hY[ ( shI/glq)au`qr:- shIQ17. jy swry KMf audXog dw AiDAYn kIqw jwvy qWieh ikhVw ivSlySx khweygw ?(a)ivAStI pUrk(b) smStI pUrk(c )dono ivAStI pUrk qy smStIpUrk[au`qr:- (a)ivAStI pUrk [Q18. rwStrI Awmdn dw AiDAYn smStI ArQ-Swsqr ADIn huMdw hY[( shI/glq)au`qr:- shI[

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pRSnoqrI (Quiz) Q19. hyT iliKAW iv``coN ikhVI AwriQk pRxwlI iv`cauqpwdn dy swDn srkwr dy ADIn huMdy hn ?(a) pUMjIvwd (b) smwjvwd( c) imSrq ArQ-ivvsQw (d) koeI vI nhIN[

au`qr:- (b) smwjvwd [ Q20. hyT iliKAW iv``coN ikhVI AwriQk pRxwlI iv`cauqpwdn dy swDn srkwr dy ADIn nhI huMdy hn ?(a) pUMjIvwd (b) smwjvwd( c) imSrq ArQ-ivvsQw (d) koeI vI nhIN[

au`qr:- (a) pUMjIvwd [ Q21. Bwrq iv`c ikhVI AwriQk pRxwlI pRc`ilq hY[ (a) pUMjIvwd (b) smwjvwd( c) imSrq ArQ-ivvsQw (d) koeI vI nhIN[

au`qr:- ( c) imSrq ArQ-ivvsQw [30

DMnvwd31

pySkS:-bldyv isMG

lYkcrwr ieknwimks s.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr84270-04513

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