AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

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KYNAR®, KYNAR FLEX® and KYNAR 500® polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resins exhibit high chemical and

abrasion resistance, have excellent thermal stability, are unaffected by UV radiation, and are resistant to

creep under mechanical stress and load. The resins can be used for molded parts, for extruded profiles,

or as protective coatings.

KYNAR® PVDF’s strength, durability and versatility make it suitable for automobile wiring har-

nesses, fuel lines and fuel line coatings, decals and decorative films, coatings, electrochromic

applications and plastic optical fibers (POF).

Automakers are constantly striving

to make more reliable, attractive

and fuel-efficient vehicles at lower cost. This

drives the search for stronger, more durable

materials that are lighter or less expensive.

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KYNAR® RESIN GRADE

Physical Properties

Test Method Units 460 700 Series 2500 2750/2950 2800/2900 2850 3120(2)

Melting Point Range ASTM D3418 °F°C

311-320155-160

329-342165-172

239-253115-123

266-280130-138

284-293140-145

311-320155-160

322-334161-168

Specific Gravity ASTM 792 -- 1.75-1.77 1.77-1.79 1.80-1.82 1.78-1.80 1.76-1.79 1.77-1.80 1.76-1.79

Refractive Index ASTM D542 -- 1.42 1.42 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.41

Water Absorption

ASTM D570 % 0.02-0.04 0.01-0.03 0.04-0.07 0.03-0.06 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.05

Tensile Strength at Yield ASTM D638 psi 5,000-7,500 6,000-8,000 1,700-2,800 2,000-3,100 2,900-5,000 4,500-6,500 3,500-5,000

Tensile Strength at Break

ASTM D638 psi 4,500-7,000 5,000-8,000 2,000-4,500 2,900-4,000 2,500-5,000 4,000-7,000 5,000-7,000

Elongation at Yield ASTM D638 % 10-15 5-10 12-25 15-25 10-20 5-15 10-20

Elongation at Break ASTM D638 % 40 min. 40 min. 200 min. 200 min. 150 min. 100 min. 100 min.

Tensile Modulus ASTM D638 psi 150-200x103 200-335x103 35-55x103 40-65x103 80-130x103 150-220x103 100-170x103

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 psi 200-260x103 240-335x103 28-40x103 40-60x103 90-120x103 150-180x103 90-120x103

Unnotched Impact Strength

ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 15-40 20-80 Non Break Non Break Non Break Non Break Non Break

Notched Impact Strength

ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 2-4 2-4 Non Break Non Break 10-20 2-8 Non Break

Hardness ASTM D2246 Shore D

75-80 76-80 55-60 57-62 65-70 70-75 65-70

Limited Oxygen Index ASTM D2868 % O2 44 44/60(3) 42/95(3) 43/95 42/75 43/75(3) 42/95(3)

Vertical Burn UL94 -- V-O V-O N/A V-O V-O V-O N/A

General Property Profile(1) of KYNAR® Fluoropolymer Resins

(1) These are typical values, not to be construed as sales specifications(2) 3120 available as 3120-10 (low viscosity) and 3120-50 (high viscosity)

(3) Optional product available with higher LOI N/A = data not available

Melt Behavior of Select KYNAR® GradesProperty: Melt Viscosity Melt Flow Rate Melt Flow Rate Load

Test Method/Conditions:Units:

(ASTM D3835, 232°C)K POISE @ 100 sec-1

(ASTM D1238, 232°C)g/10 min

–lb (kg)

KYNAR® 370 8.0 – 13.0 – –

KYNAR® 460 23.5 – 29.5 6.0 –14.0 47.5 (21.6)

KYNAR® 710 4.0 – 8.0 15.0 – 35.0 8.36 (3.8)

KYNAR® 720 5.0 – 12.0 5.0 – 29.0 8.36 (3.8)

KYNAR® 740 15.0 – 23.0 6.0 – 25.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR® 760 23.0 – 29.0 2.0 – 6.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR® 1000 15.0 - 20.0 1.5 – 2.5 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR® 6000 7.0 – 11.0 2.0 – 4.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR® 9000 5.0 – 8.0 16.0 – 40.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR FLEX® 2750-01 20.0 – 25.0 4.0 – 14.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2800-00 23.0 – 27.0 3.0 – 8.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2800-20 12.0 – 20.0 1.0 – 6.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-00 23.0 – 27.0 3.0 – 8.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-02 16.0 – 20.0 10.0 – 20.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-07 16.0 – 20.0 10.0 – 20.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 3120-50 20.0 – 26.0 2.5 – 7.5 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR SUPERFLEX® 2500 6.0 – 15.0 – –

PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

Plastic optical fibers (POF) clad with KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer resin are

emerging as a new technology in automotive applications. They are less expensive,

require less power to operate than equivalent lengths of copper wire and can be

bundled together to allow for faster data transmission. Plastic optical fibers are

suited for carrying digital information and produce less signal degradation than

copper wire. As more sensors are added to monitor engine performance

and road conditions, POF systems are growing in importance.

Plastic optical fibers consist of three essential elements: 1) the core, a thin

center of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) through which light travels; 2) the

cladding, a special optical material (KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer) that reflects

light back into the core, allowing it to propagate through the length of the POF;

and 3) a protective RILSAN® polyamide coating to protect the fiber from damage

and moisture. The light in a POF travels through the PMMA core by a principle termed

total internal reflection in which light constantly bounces off of the KYNAR FLEX®

fluoropolymer cladding. The cladding does not absorb any light from the core, allowing the light

wave to travel distances with low signal loss. PMMA-based POF systems are specifically designed for short

distance applications found in homes and automobiles.

Arkema provides all elements of POF manufacture: high purity PMMA, KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer, and RILSAN®

polyamide. Technical support for material processing and design of POF systems is also available through

Arkema.

ROTOMOLDINGKYNAR® PVDF rotomolding grades have been used in industrial liners and tanks for many years. Rotomolding,

also known as rotational molding or rotocasting, is a low stress process that uses powdered resins and

an unfilled mold to produce large, hollow, seamless plastic parts such as drums, tanks, linings

and ducts. The newest addition to the KYNAR® PVDF rotomolding family is KYNAR®

3200 RG, which offers improved flow characteristics, excellent physical and me-

chanical properties, high chemical resistance, and low permeability. The excel-

lent flow and processing characteristics of KYNAR® 3200 RG allow the molder

to produce KYNAR® PVDF rotomolded parts with extremely smooth inner

surfaces. KYNAR® 3200 RG is currently being used for fuel cells, ducts and

piping. KYNAR® 3200 RG is also suited for fuel tanks, particularly multi-

layer plastic fuel tanks where its chemical barrier properties and excellent

processing characteristics make it a preferred material.

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KYNAR® PVDF offers corrosion and chemical resistance coupled with excellent mechanical prop-

erties for wire coatings.

DECORATIVE FILMSKYNAR® PVDF decorative films for automotive accessories are

both aesthetically pleasing and highly resistant to corrosion and

weathering. These films are used on a variety of parts, such as

rocker panels, roofing strips, tail lamp housings, bodyside mold-

ings, front and rear bumpers, mirror housings and pillars. The

films can be processed with standard plastics equipment and

general polymer knowledge, thus requiring little capital invest-

ment. Durable KYNAR® PVDF films are applied to PVC, PC, TPO

and ABS, and can be supplied with a heat-activated adhesive

for bonding to polyolefins. The films can be thermoformed to a

shape, trimmed and then placed into an injection mold. They

can also be laminated to flat stock sheets, then thermoformed

into the required shape. Films are also available with pressure-

sensitive adhesives for lamination under ambient conditions.

KYNAR® films are available in virtually any color, including solid,

metallic, pearlescent, chrome and brushed aluminum.

KYNAR® fluoropolymer films provide an attractive, corrosion-resistant alternative to paint.

WIRING HARNESSES

KYNAR® PVDF is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer with a high melting point and

excellent mechanical properties, including cold flow and abrasion resistance.

KYNAR® resin also has exceptional chemical resistance, is unaffected by UV

radiation and is resistant to electrical arc tracking. Because of its

unique chemical structure, KYNAR® PVDF produces almost no

smoke when exposed directly to flame and does not propagate

fire like polyolefins and PVC. KYNAR® fluoropolymer can be ex-

truded as primary insulation or used as a protective cover.

Its excellent chemical resistance and high melting point make

KYNAR® PVDF well suited for applications “under the hood.”

KYNAR® PVDF insulated wire is commonly cross-linked by electron-beam

radiation to further increase its toughness, cut-through resistance and

continuous-service use temperature.

If specifically formulated and processed, the cross-linked polymer makes light-

weight, flame-retardant wire insulation that offers a temperature rating of

approximately 175°C (347°F), does not melt and is resistant to most solvents, fuels,

lubricants and other hydrocarbon fluids. Cross-linked KYNAR® PVDF insulation is com-

monly used in automotive T4 wire (150°C, 3000 hrs). This KYNAR® PVDF-based insula-

tion has become a construction standard for major original equipment manufacturers

(OEMs) in North America. Originally developed for aerospace and military requirements

as Mil Spec 81044 wire, cross-linked KYNAR® PVDF insulation is widely used where en-

vironmental conditions demand high performance, such as in commercial and military

electronics, satellites, ships, trains, automobiles and in aerospace applications.

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KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC functional powder coating is a new addition to the KYNAR® coating family. This fluoropolymer coating resists gasoline, road salt, oils, lubricants, brake fluid, transmission fluid, windshield washer fluid, coolants, and battery acid. KYNAR FLEX® 2850 powder coating may be used to coat carbon steel parts as a low-cost alternative to stainless steel. This powder coating is durable and may be applied in very thick coatings (up to 100 mils).

KYNAR FLEX® resin is corrosion resistant and unaffected by UV radiation, making it espe-cially suitable for exterior applications. Excellent chemical and mechanical properties allow KYNAR FLEX® powder coating to be used in chemical processing applications such as tank linings, valve and flange coatings, and pipe coatings (exterior or interior). The powder is currently supplied in a natural, unpigmented form, though pigmented versions can be prepared. KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC is typically applied by electrostatic spray over a powder primer.

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC FUNCTIONAL POWDER COATING

FUEL LINESKYNAR® polyvinylidene fluoride resin provides a barrier layer in low-

permeation automotive fuel lines. The tubing is a multilayer construction consisting of five layers; the innermost and outermost

layers are made from Arkema’s RILSAN® polyamide 11 or 12. Between these polyamide layers is a layer of KYNAR® PVDF resin, which resists alcohol permeation in fuels and helps carmak-ers meet strict EPA guidelines for hydrocarbon emissions. ADHEFLON® tie resin is used to bond the KYNAR® PVDF barrier to the RILSAN® polyamide layers, resulting in durable, flexible, low-permeation tubing.

In addition to being easily processed on conventional co-extrusion equipment, this innovative fuel line construction

exhibits excellent cold temperature impact strength (-40°C), chemi-cal resistance and dimensional stability. It is also compatible with a

wide range of fuel-alcohol blends and is available in a conductive version.

KYNAR® PVDF can also be used as a protective coating over carbon steel fuel and brake fluid lines, and in under-chassis applications. KYNAR® PVDF can be applied in very thin layers and maintains durability and corrosion resistance. It can also be applied as a liquid coating, as a powder coating, or by cross-head extrusion.

KYNAR® PVDF

RESISTS

GASOLINE,

ROAD SALT,

OILS,

LUBRICANTS,

BRAKE FLUID,

TRANSMISSION FLUID,

WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID,

COOLANTS,

AND BATTERY ACID

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KYNAR® PVDF

RESISTS

GASOLINE,

ROAD SALT,

OILS,

LUBRICANTS,

BRAKE FLUID,

TRANSMISSION FLUID,

WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID,

COOLANTS,

AND BATTERY ACID

KYNAR POWERFLEX® COPOLYMER PROVIDES ELECTROCHROMIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AUTOMOBILE

KYNAR POWERFLEX® LBG copolymer and

KYNAR® homopolymer are also used in

lithium ion batteries which can be used in

hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). A unique

polymer structure of carbon, hydrogen

and fluorine atoms, gives KYNAR® PVDF

excellent thermal and chemical stability.

The chemical nature of KYNAR® PVDF allows

good adhesion to metallic collectors and

good cohesion between active material

particles. KYNAR® resin is very soluble in

industrial solvents and produces uniform

slurries at room temperature. KYNAR® PVDF

has electrochemical properties, such as

good initial capacity and cycling

behavior which make it an excellent

electrode. KYNAR® resins also possess

performance characteristics, such as high

electrochemical stability, high polymer

purity, high molecular weight and a high

melting point.

KYNAR POWERFLEX® can be used to control the transmission of visible and UV light through

automotive windows.

Advances in polymer and electrochromic technology have allowed the development of electrochromic windows—windows that darken or lighten to control the amount of light permitted inside a vehicle. Electrochromic windows, which control solar radiation transmission and modulate glare, increase passenger comfort and safety and are manufactured using a patented inner layer of KYNAR POWERFLEX® copolymer film (US Patent 6,620,342). These unique windows contain a core of transparent polymer layers and electrolyte sandwiched between sheets of glass. The KYNAR® layer allows exchange of ions within the system. When a voltage is applied to the system, ions migrate through the KYNAR® PVDF film, causing a change in opacity. The result: windows and mirrors with controllable optical properties.

The lack of easily manufactured, durable, low-cost materials of construction has prevented widespread use of electrochromic devices. However, Arkema’s patented KYNAR POWERFLEX® film is inexpensive, easily processed and possesses the necessary electrochromic properties. The polymer (or matrix) must meet strict requirements for use in electrochromic devices, including high electrochemical stability to allow for thousands of charge/discharge cycles, stability to acid (H+), stability to ultraviolet (UV) light, stability to thermal degradation, good electrical conductivity (whether the film is rigid or plasticized) and high optical clarity.

The KYNAR® polymers developed by Arkema exhibit outstanding UV stability and retain their mechanical integrity at elevated temperatures and in the presence of solvents. They are well suited for use in electrochromic windows, mirrors and devices used to control both UV and visible light. Arkema’s KYNAR POWERFLEX® copolymer films have low solubility in organic solvents and plasticizers and high thermal stability to minimize or eliminate electrolyte leakage from the device. These new films will not soften in the heat of direct sunlight or electromagnetic radiation and have excellent transparency.

INTRODUCING

KYNAR® ADX RESIN: New KYNAR® ADX resin is designed to bond to

nylons, polyolefins and metals. This melt processible resin bonds to various substrates, allowing cost effective engineering solutions,

and maintains nearly all of the performance properties offered by

KYNAR® PVDF.

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Visit us at

www.kynar.comfor the latest information

on KYNAR® PVDF

The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Arkema expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such informa-tion; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement.

KYNAR®, KYNAR FLEX®, KYNAR POWERFLEX® are registered trademarks belonging to Arkema Inc.ADHEFLON® and RILSAN® are registered trademarks belonging to Arkema.© 2005 Arkema Inc. All rights reserved.

See MSDS for Health and Safety Considerations.

AmericasArkema Inc.2000 Market StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103-3222U.S.A.Tel.: 215-419-7000www.arkemagroup.comwww.kynar.com

AsiaArkema Pte Ltd53, Tuas CrescentSingapore 638732Tel.: 65.64.19.90.18

EuropeArkema4-8 Cours MicheletLa Defense Cedex 92091France Tel.: 33.2.32.46.68.53

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