kwentong baybayin

T H E R E D E V E L O P M E N T O F M A T N O G P O R T , M a t n o g , S o r s o g o n S I A | 1

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Philippines, like many Tropical countries, is one of Asia’s top destination; with

its alluring sights, showing the splendor of God’s creation blatant and undisguised

with infrastructures. Tourism plays an important role in the country’s economy being

part of the three largest of the nation (DOT, 2011). It is considered as a major

contributor to the financial system, supplying 5.9% of the GDP in 2011 (NCSB, 2011).

Travel and tourism is still growing with a direct contribution of PHP 212.50 or 2.0% of

the GDP and a total contribution- direct, indirect and induced, of PHP 740.50 or

7.0% of the GDP in 2012 (WTTC, 2012). It is expected to increase in 2013 by 5.8% or

the monetary value of PHP 783.70 or 7.1% of the GDP (WTTC, 2012). It is considered

as a rising star in the tourism sector (WEF, TATC, 2013) rising to the 84 th place out of

140 countries around the globe from its 94th position in 2011 and jumped from its

52nd place to the 37th in Asia’s ranking. Although a developing nation, it is endowed

with rich natural resources, historical landmarks, culture and tradition, arts and

crafts, shopping centers, recreation and entertainment area, worthy of international

fame. Through the utilization of these as tourist spots, it pulls in foreign investors

which are badly needed by the government to fund its industrial sector, generating

prospects to the local businessmen and more job opportunities established for the

people. According to WTTC, in 2012, the sector provided 2.0 % of the total

employment or 762,000 jobs directly; the expected growth of employment rate is

5.5% in 2013 or 804,000 jobs making 2.1 % of the total employment. Even with the

many natural disasters prelude, the economy of the Philippines stays resilient with


an economy growth of 6.5% (Balicasan, 2014) of the last three months through the

intensification of the business process outsource and tourism sectors (Purisima,

2014).

Located at the Southeastern part of the Bicol Peninsula, Sorsogon is a coastal

province with an irregular topography bounded by Albay and Albay Gulf in the north,

the Philippine Sea in the east, the San Bernardino Strait in the South and the Ticao

and Burias Pass in the west and northwest respectively. With the exception of Irosin,

all its municipalities are located along the coastlines. The 2,119 km2 land area is

detained by mountains in the northeast, southeast and west portions. The province

is subdivided into 14 municipalities – Barcelona, Bulan, Bulusan, Casiguran, Castilla,

Donsol, Gubat, Irosin, Juban, Magallanes, Matnog, Pilar, Prieto Diaz, Santa

Magdalena and Sorsogon City, its capital. Although the economic sector is

condensed in it capital, the boroughs of Bulan, Irosin, Gubat, and Matnog also

contributes to its financial stability. It is classified as a 2nd class district with an annual

income of PH 339 Million since 2000 to 2003.In the first quarter of 2008, it

contributed 97% growth in investments due to its tourism (QRES, NEDA, NRO 5)

which includes natural attractions for instance, the Bulusan Lake also known as the

“Switzerland of the Orient”, Hot and Cold Spring Resort both of which are found in

Irosin, Sunset Cruise and Firefly watching, Whale Shark Natural Reserve, Manta

Bowl, all three located in Donsol, Island hopping in Matnog; historical attractions

namely the Sorsogon Provincial High School of Early American Vintage, as it was

turned into a concentration camp for the imprisonment of guerillas during the

Japanese Occupation; religious attractions such as the Good Friday Procession and


Pasyon during the Lenten Season; man-made attractions like Barcelona Church and

the Irosin Church which is situated atop a hill; its colorful festivals such as Butanding,

Pili, Padaraw, Hin-ay and Kasanggayahn festivals; Significantly, Sorsogon serves as

an entryway of Luzon with its neighboring island groups, Visayas and Mindanao

through its roll-on, roll-off (RORO) ferry terminal located in the municipalities of

Matnog and Bulan.

Of the many latent isles of Sorsogon, Matnog shows promise of development

as its strategic location makes it most accessible by various entities. It is a paradise

(Austria, 2013) that attracts four types of passengers, those who are eager to

explore; who enjoy long travels given that the municipality is located at the

southernmost point in Bicol; who prefers secluded or serene places; and affordable

tourism package without the quality being forgone. Despite its rich cultural

attractions like the lobster farm, Juag fish sanctuary, the Calintaran Cave, Tikling

island and its plentiful immaculate white beaches, it has remained a third class

municipality. Although, it has very high potential to compete with other world

renowned tourist spots in the Philippines, it remains untouched by progress due to

its lack of exposure. This proposed study of the redevelopment of the Matnog Port

into a seaport of international standards, aims in promoting the tourism of the

municipality internationally and locally while accommodating the previous

passengers of the domestic terminal through a transportation hub composing of a

bus, ferry, and train terminal, following the extension of the Bicol express to Matnog

(RDC, 2012), with focus on the seaport as the inflow of foreign and local tourist

increase, the port could no longer support the surplus of passengers and vehicles.


1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Maharlika Highway, a two-way road leading to Matnog Port is frequently,

if not daily, is stuck in traffic incapacitating the utilization of the said road for the

incoming and outgoing vehicular and pedestrian travelers. The lack of a holding area

for big vehicles such as buses and cargo trucks contributes to the line of traffic that

sometimes reaches up to 13 kilometers long, near the crossing to Bulan,

inadvertently; the lives of the residents of Matnog and its neighboring barangays are

affected. Reaching Matnog Port, parking areas are the main problem as it is often

disarrayed; the buses park almost everywhere, relying only to the barkers in finding

a spot to park their vehicles. About 7 km from the project site, there is a small hill

where project owners acquire soil for their backfill. By creating a detour and a

holding area there, traffic will be lessened while the soil from the valley can be used

for the extension of the Port.

The facility of Matnog Port consists of only two waiting areas separating the

male from the female with souvenir shops inside each of them. There are no leisure

areas that would help increase the patience of the passengers while waiting for their

time to board. It also fails to accommodate commuters during suspension of travel

by the authorities due to violent waves as reflected recently during the occurrence

of the tropical depression, Agaton, 7500 users were stuck in the terminal and only

improved by a small margin in January 18, where at least 5500 passengers

(Arguelles, 2014) were stranded along with 367 vehicles, 227 of which are trucks, 88

are buses 52 small vehicles (Alejandro, 2014). This will hinder the growth of tourism

as debilitation of movement causes noise and air pollution as opposed to the


objectives of most tourists who visits Matnog for the serenity it offers. In spite of the

numerous cargo trucks that travel using the port, cargo yard, reefer facilities or

container freight station remain non-existent.

As Matnog’s main tourism is island hopping the lack of a cruise center for the

sole intention of exposing these tourist spots is unfortunate and on the other hand,

appalling. Therefore the need of accommodation areas, restaurant and shopping

centers is a necessity that would undeniably raise the standards of Matnog Port into

its international paradigm. Although, the favorable conditions and the familiarity of

the commuters to the place, relocating it to a more auspicious site is unnecessary,

the upsetting condition of the adjacent public market will probably hurt the

proposed development of the port so readjustment of the bazaar is important. The

following questions are to be elaborated in the course of the study:

What are the effects of tourism to the Philippine Economy?

What is the relationship between Architecture and tourism

What factors in Architecture that attracts tourists?

What are the roles of transportation systems in tourism

What are the needs of rural areas for transportation

What are the roles of Architecture in the redevelopment of Ports.

1.3 DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Through the prospective expansion and breathtaking vistas the study intends

to redefine Matnog, as an “Ultimate Gateway Town” connecting both land and water


transportation. The study endeavors to create a flexible, accessible and disaster

resilient structure to serve as a holding area for passengers during any of the

following situations: peak seasons, suspension of travel or special occurrences. The

usage of the port is then made possible in any type of circumstance. The desired

effects of this project will be attained through the following:

To create a seaport that will cater local and international tourists

through innovative facilities

To design a ferry terminal that improves both the vehicular and

pedestrian traffic which have been a reoccurring problem in Matnog

To .construct a seaport that will set a trend for other ports in the

country through providing guidelines of the international level.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study of the redevelopment of Matnog Port provides a standard that

would augment the lack of facilities and be able to accommodate the increasing

number of passengers as well as vehicles in order to improve the line of traffic that

have been disrupting the lives of Matnog citizens. There has been a significant

increase of tourism due to its internet popularity nowadays (Austria, 2014) it is vital

that the Port should possess spaces which will encourage the “new tourists” to visit

again..


The study will act as a criterion for any expansion of the Port in the future

regarding the necessary actions for the betterment of the harbor terminal. Listed

below are individuals who would be involved and affected directly or indirectly in

pursuit of the proposal:

Through the collection of the data, the government will become

aware of the current condition of Matnog and therefore do good to

the Port authorities as well as the passengers although, the

separation of males and females should be commended and as

such should be maintained or improved.

The study is important because it will provide necessary facts

specifically, the state of Matnog Port in which the government

have neglected and therefore may act upon;

Areas which are difficult to explore because of its lacking facilities

will be more exposed with the cruise terminal portion of the

redevelopment;

By designing shopping centers and other rentable spaces, financial

institutions of the town will not be restricted to pawn shops and

cooperatives; the rural bank which has closed due to insolvency

would be revived with the influx of tourism; subsequently, would

also help finance the industrial sector of Matnog;

The output of this proposed study would assist future undergraduate

students who wish to do a similar research as this one. For assessment purposes, the


facts and accumulated information are made available for the benefit the said

students.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Matnog Port, bounded by Allen and Samar with the San Bernandino Strait in

between them, has an area of 17,549 sq. m. In lieu of the Redevelopment of Matnog

Port, the design of facilities are limited to the marshalling area, leisure areas such as

shopping centers and restaurants, cruise terminal for tourism, hotel or inn for the

commuters who gets stranded and the passenger terminal that should be able to

house the incursion of travelers as well as cargo especially during peak seasons,

suspension of travel or special occurrences such as the Tacloban relief goods delivery

[Arguelles, Calleja, Ramos 2013] that caused the 13km long traffic in the Maharlika

Highway. Although the reefer facility, container yard, container freight station, fish

port, holding areas, transportation hub is part of the site development plan, it is not

to be designed by the author of this proposal.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following are terms to be used in the course of the study:

ADMINISTRATION FACILITIES - refer to any facility that is used by the management

in directing, operating, running, the seaport;


ATI- Asian Terminal Incorporated

BERTH- is defined as the allotted place for a ship at a wharf or dock

CARGO - refers to any goods or material carried though vehicles and passes through

the port;

CLIENT - refers to the owners of the port such as the Matnog government, PPA

representatives of the said port and other persons or organization using the services

of the Architect in the redevelopment of the port;

CONTAINER YARD – refers to any facility of the port made for the purpose of

holding, transporting, receiving, assembling, storing, accumulating, collecting,

gathering of containers, cargos, load, freight, shipment or goods;

DOCK- refers to a structure, building, space that extends from the shore into a body

of water wherein boats, ships or any water vessel may be moored into.

DOTC- Department of Trade and Communication;

FREIGHT STATION – refers to any facility of the port made for the purpose of

lodging, loading, filling, piling, packing, stacking unloading, discharging, unpacking of

any type of goods may or may not be limited to trucks, buses, cargo, wagons to be

transferred to one location to another.

GANGWAY - a raised platform or walkway that provides a way for the users;

HOLDING AREA - is a zone that serves as parking area to hold large vehicles such as

cargo trucks and buses for the purpose of lessening the traffic;


IAPH – International Association of Ports and Harbors;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS - may be defined as a building specific guideline on

designing seaport or ferry terminal with docking facilities and spaces that is certified

by the Philippine Port Authority (PPA) and International Association of Ports and

Harbors (IAPH);

LEISURE FACILITIES - refer to any facility, services, resources or features of the

seaport that aims in the exasperation, boredom, or vexation of the passengers

during their free time waiting to board;

LOLO- is an acronym for Lift on/Lift off container shipment in contrast to the RORO

shipment system as this vessels use a crane in loading and unloading the cargo.

MARSHALLING AREA – refer to any facility that holds the goods, the passengers

where they are being assembled and disassembled;

MIA- Maritime Industry Authority;

NATIONAL PORT TERMINAL AGENCIES - refer to the Department of trade and

Communication, Maritime Industry Authority, Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine

Merchant Marine Academy, Philippine Port Authority;

NSCB – National Statistical Coordination Board

OPERATORS - refer to any natural person who is authorized to conduct, run or

operate the port

PASSENGERS - may be defined as all natural persons who make use of the port for

the purpose of travelling, touring, transportation and passing through Matnog;


PCG – Philippine Coast Guard;

PMMA – Philippine Merchant Marine Academy

PONTOON refers to device for floating with sufficient buoyancy to carry itself and a

heavy load and remain suspended

PPA – Philippine Port Authority;

REEFER FACILITY- a facility for shipping cargos of the refrigerated kind

REDEVELOPMENT - means the act of renewing, rehabilitating, renovating,

refurnishing, redesigning and pursuing a major overhaul of the seaport;

RORO – is an acronym for roll on/ roll off ships that carry wheeled vehicles such as

automobiles, trucks and trailers

SEAPORT - a facility for the reception of passengers or cargo that requires

transportation through the sea and that serves as an authorized port by PPA and

IAPH for the departure and arrival of passengers and cargo alike;

TECHNOLOGIES – any material, system or method that aims in the modernization of

the port through new innovative ideas on communication, uses;

TRANSPORTATION HUB - refers to the assemblage of terminals such as bus, ferry

and train which will be used in Matnog for the purpose of the study;

WHARF- is defined as an area where a ship is docked for the purpose of loading and

unloading the cargo or passengers.

WEF – World Economic Forum


WTTC – World Travel and Tourism Council

UTILITIES - refer to any facility of the port that is indirectly needed by the passengers

and clients and not mainly use for leisure or administration;


CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Transportation in Bicol region is mainly through roads with Maharlika Highway as the

primary road system linking Luzon to the country’s other island groups. Because of

the dependence of the region to the lateral networking of privately owned vehicles,

goods and services costs greater than other locality, the need of additional quality

transportation method is a necessity. Among the 36 municipal ports in Bicol, the

Matnog Port dominates with the largest quantity of users (NEDA, 2010). The recent

Tacloban Relief Goods Operation, 7500 passengers were stranded on the port

(Arguelles, 2014) without proper amenities for lodging, dining and shopping (NEDA,

2010) making their stay miserable. This review of related literature pursues whether

architecture would be a promising tactic for the improvement of Matnog Port in

terms of tourism.

2. 1 RELATIONSHIP OF ARCHITECTURE AND TOURISM

According to Aldo Rossi, architecture is concurrently a site, an event and a sign. The

“Bilbao Effect” which came from the Gugenheim Bilbao by Frank Gehry refers to

making the edifice, a destination to tourists as well (Poimiroo) in which the structure

itself became a means of urban development (ArchiTravel, 2011). Its economy which

was relying only on the industrial sector was in a decline; with the construction of

the building, it shifted its financial transforming it into an international tourist place.

Another example would be the Sundial Bridge by Calatrava (2004) the rural place of

Redding became a destination that was able to draw people to the town. According


to Poimiroo, “Great architecture is like a big magnet, it attracts visitors to them.” Not

only do the daily disruptions, caused by the deficiency of facilities in Matnog Port,

affect the live of Matnogueños, the tourism aspect of the municipality suffers

consequently.

2.2 FACTORS IN ARCHITECTURE THAT ATTRACT TOURISTS

The quality of architecture creates opportunities and prospects for tourism. The

subsequent are factors that architecture must possess in which will eventually

attract tourists:

a) Architecture focusing on functionality and well-being (WKO, 2003)

Well being is defined as a long term system where reciprocally the

buildings and the people are able to take care of each other through

transforming tangible to intangible methods (Keinonen, 2013)

Functionality is the ability of an architectural piece to provide service to

its user. Ultimately, architecture that responds to the needs of its

customers, thus ensuring the satisfaction of the visitors through

accessibility, facilities and well planned public spaces (WKO, 2003) is

encouraged.

b) Architecture promotes cultural identity

No two places are similar to the other; each and every site has a

clear and distinct character. Cultural identity is defined as the

quintessence of the consciousness of the society through architecture

(Speck, 2006). The ability of architecture to create memories for the


visitors through an introduction of its culture in the structure would

persuade the guests to visit again (WKO, 2003).

c) Architecture that protects permanent users

The employees are the lifeblood of every company, corporation or

conglomerate (HRMjet, 2010). Architecture that is able to prioritize the

staff in terms of investment instead of production equipment is

promoted. This can be achieved through developing an ambience fit for

working resulting in genuine service for the clients. (WKO, 2003)

d) Architecture that brings high quality standard of living

As stated by Poimiroo, good architecture brings in the tourists; it is

remembered and becomes the revolutionary force that draws in

economic advantage. It becomes a commodity (CABE, 2006) that

functions as a destination on its own.

e) Architecture facilitating Sustainable development (WKO, 2003)

Sustainability refers to the faculty of a structure to cope in the long

term process; it is a means of using all the resources efficiently and

responsibly so that future generations are not incapacitated (CABE, 2006)

In terms of tourism; the ability of good architecture to maintain its

constant quality over the years without increasing the cost should be

present in the redevelopment.


2.3 EFFECT OF TOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY

Based on the annual research done by WTTC and Oxford Economics, the tourism

sector of the Philippines grew despite the economic turmoil and negative results in

global markets. According to the Tourism Investment Portfolio, tourism is defined as

an efficient industry, global in size that creates opportunity through generating jobs

and attracting investments; more importantly, the country itself possesses potential

of growth in it. It presents expansive social development as its labor and capital

revenue is great while advertising the knowledge and skill of the locality to its

investors. Although the top competitors in Asia are South Korea and Japan

(Henderson, 2011), the Philippine has been blessed with more than a handful of

natural attractions thus allowing the country to vie with them. In 2012 alone, there

has been a significant increase in its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product

(GDP) with a total of 2.0% of the total GDP of the country. It created over 260 million

jobs making it one of the fastest growing industries in the Philippines. Visitor exports

generated 5.8 % of the total exports bringing in P183.8 billion (WTTC, 2013).

2.4 ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN TOURISM

The Transport system is defined as an interaction between transport modes,

which includes air, water and land, (Prideaux, 2000) that is responsible for creating a

route towards the tourism destination (Khadaroo & Seetanah, 2008). Economically,

the transport system demonstrates the potential of the place to probable investors

and financiers thereby making a stable and constant financial system. The profit of


tourism comes from its ability to create variety and long lasting experiences.

According to Smith (1994), infrastructure service is one of the main contributors in

enhancing this experience. Although, the exploitation of resources cause concern for

some researchers, sustainable economic development, where transport systems

should be adequate only to the influx of tourists without exceeding the need of the

locality (Page & Connell, 2009; Sorupia, 2005), is highly recommended. The Role of

Transport (Kaul, 1985) includes but is not limited to:

1. Transport System aids in the fruition of tourism as the performance and

adequacy of these transport systems contributes to the overall

satisfaction of the clients and quality of urban tourism thus providing a

competitive advantage from its neighbouring municipalities (Suh and

Gartner, 2004)

2. Transport systems are responsible for both vehicular and pedestrian flow

thus it shapes the flow of the tourism development of an area.

3. The growth of tourism relies on the plan, design, maintenance, and

operation of infrastructure and transport system.

4. As the economy grows, better transportation systems become favorable

to the continuously expanding tourism of a rural area.

5. Accommodation which includes lodging, dining and to some extent

shopping grows in proportionate wit transportation and tourism increase.


2.5 NEED OF RURAL AREAS FOR TRANSPORTATION

As stated by Curie and Falconer (2013), island communities such as Matnog

often rely on tourism as its economic backbone; thus, the importance of accessibility

and good transportation systems to reach these rural areas are revolutionary for the

development of tourism as well as reducing the isolation of the place. Factors that

make public transportation systems good are:

1. Ease of access (Friman et al.,1998) refers to the transportation links that

should be simple, and though it functions for the locality, it should

possess a space for the tourists;

2. Efficiency and Safety where efficiency of a transportation system refers

to the travel time it takes for any type of vehicle to pass through it

(Bradley et al., 1989; Friman et al., 1998) while safety, on the other hand

refers to the condition or state of being clear of any danger or protected

from any possibility of damage, risk of injury or accidents. (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary)

3. Parking should has two main characteristics, the ease and safety for the

vehicles – public or private.

The market of tourism provides a source of livelihood for the municipality other than

its current available occupation (Payet, 2010); however, it can only be truly

maximized by good transportation systems. Tourism is an important sector of rural

areas as it provides little capital yet maximum return.


2.6 ARCHITECTURE’S ROLES IN REDEVELOPMENT OF PORTS

According to McIntyre (2006), architecture should cultivate social interaction and

cultural identity because ingenious designed structures and well-planned buildings

attract financiers which are extremely needed by the peninsula (NEDA, 2010). It is

important to study the architecture of ports around the world as their influence in

style, design and effect will help the purpose of this study (included are ports which

have been redeveloped over the years and created significant impact to its location’s

economy):

2.6.1 PORTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Seattle’s cruise terminal is leading all of the US ports on the West Coast in passenger

volume with more than 805,000 passengers and about 178 ships received. It has

been responsible for more than 4,000 jobs, 381 US dollars in annual business

revenue, about 17 Million US Dollars annually in state and local tax revenues

contributing to the local economy (Port of Seattle). The government of New York City

recognizes the importance of port terminals thus in 2004, secured its position as a

first-class passenger terminal through beginning a program of $200 million in capital

investment. Manhattan and Brooklyn terminals are two of the terminals in which

benefitted from the investment. The redeveloped areas of the Manhattan terminal

include two of its piers 88 and 90 respectively, allowing it to contain larger ships and

an additional of 400 Us Dollars was invested for Passenger Boarding Bridges in

response to the bigger ships. The recently opened Brooklyn terminal, only 8 years


old has been gaining recognition for its efficient, comfortable and modern facilities

(NY Cruise, 2014). In the redevelopment of the Port of Long Beach (Steinke, 2009), it

not only generated thousands of job, the redevelopment also improve the quality of

the structure through environmental benefits (Hankla, 2009).

The Port of Galveston, the fourth busiest cruise terminal in the United States, was

approved to spend 100, 000 US Dollars for its third cruise terminal design. Although

it has already spent 10 million Us Dollars on the expansion of its Second terminal,

the port Director Mike Mierzwa (2014) realizes the importance of cruising to its local

economy, with forty percent of their operating revenue coming from it. This new

terminal will be able to steepen the competition with the recently opened Bayport

Terminal of the Port of Houston. (Alexander, 2014).

2.6.2 PORTS IN EUROPE

The state of the art facilities at the Port of Tyne earned its reputation as the United

Kingdom’s “Best Port of Calls” thus rapidly becoming one of Europe’s most popular

port. It possesses two RoRo berths, automated baggage handling, passenger lounges

that accommodate at least 2000 passengers in a turnaround call, a seating capacity

of 700 people and home to 6 cruise ships (Port of Tyne, 2014). It broke its own

record for cargo and passenger travel in 2013 through its strong investment. It

relatively handled about 8m tons of cargo, making a 22% significant increase from its

6.5 ton record of last year. The number of passengers rose, with a total of 625,000

people serviced from the 32 cruise ships it received. This impact in economy also


generated more than 54 new jobs and the plans for redevelopment has been said to

create potentially 300 new jobs (Ford, 2014).

Acknowledged as the leading Mediterranean homeport for Cruise ships, the

port of Venice possesses seven (7) commercial terminal, 19 other terminals which

caters services to Cargo, RoRo, Ferries, Cruise Ships, Yachts and Mega Yachts. A

reported case of 1.998 million passengers were transited in Venice via cruise ships;

3.577 thousand passengers via ferries and more than 1.100 thousand passengers via

Hydrofoils and fast ships. Despite this growing demand the port is committed to be

sustainable and attentive to environmental issues (Autorità Portuale di Venezia,

2010).

2.6.3 PORTS IN AUSTRALIA

The West End Ferry Terminal located in Brisbane made possible the operation of the

port even during disasters through its solar and storm protection (Cox Rayner

Architects, 2013). It is located in one of the city’s historic riverfront park thus

consideration of its context led to many consultations to the community. With the

utilization of low embodied energy materials rainwater collection and spaces that

encourages social interaction, it is a very sustainable (Singhal, 2013). Apart from the

previous ports in other countries, the redevelopment of this terminal is in response

from a devastating flood in 2011 which had affected the lives of the people

(Neustein, 2012). Instead of several piles, the architectural firm, Cox Rayner

Architects, used a pontoon that shifts and adapts according to the currents.


2.6.4 PORTS IN ASIA

First constructed in 1995, the Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal is closest to

Singapore Changi Airport, the busiest airport terminal in Southeast Asia. It is the

entry point to many island destination such as Batam Center, Bintan Resort, Tanjung

Pinang and Malaysia Pengelih (BatamFest 2012). Due to its exposure and

accessibility, just recently 3 million US dollars renovations were made to improve it

facilities. (SCC, 2011)

The Port of Busan in South Korea, remains as the busiest container port in the

world, being responsible to 75% of the country’s total import and export. Even with

China as the worlds shipping prowess, Busan was able to dominate against its

competitors (Shepherd, 2011). In order for the facility to retain its position, the Port

of Busan underwent a colossal renovation project costing the Busan Port Authority

along with South Korea’s central government approximately 7 billion US dollars for

the enhancement of its architectural spaces. Expected completion of the project at

the end of 2020 constitutes a huge commercial and industrial plaza that would

automatically capitalize the cruise market in Asia (Shepherd, 2011). The government

of South Korea knows the importance of this transport system; they were willing to

spend 550 million US Dollars for the infrastructure alone supporting this project.

Despite the need of modernity in this highly competitive market, the renovations

done incorporated the ‘Korean spirit’ in the terminal. The Busan International Cruise

terminal combines the need of expansion to boost its tourism industry while

communicating its traditional beauty. About 130,000 cruise ships docked at this city

(Busan Metropolitan City).


2.6.5 PORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

As stated by Michael Romero (2013), “the structure is made to be of

international standards, one of which they had been dreaming for a long time,” The

Redevelopment of Manila North Harbor is the First World Class port terminal in the

Philippines. The new seaport is able to carry at least two million people annually at

least twice its old capacity thus setting a trend for other harbor terminals in the

country to come (Pascual, 2013).

Batangas Port located 110 km from Manila has a total of 150 hectares that

caters services to shippers, truckers and passengers. Its passenger terminal conducts

operation for approximately 3 million commuters annually. Facilities include 7 fast

craft berths, 6 RoRo Berths, 25,000 sq. m. marshalling area, an air-conditioned

passenger terminal and 5 passenger boarding bridges. Its cargo terminal has two

cargo Berths which are ideal for built-in and bagged cargoes (ATI). It is very

accessible as it is connected to the country’s major highways. However, this also led

to Atienza (2014) and many officials to propose a shift of cargoes from the

Calabarzon Area to Batangas Port. This is in lieu of the monstrous problems in traffic,

Metro Manila suffers everyday especially with Manila Mayor Estrada banning the

entry and movement of container and cargo trucks within the city.


Chapter 3- Research Methodology

METHODOLOGY

The methodology used in this research is a combination of interpretative

research through its history, qualitative research through interview and observation,

case studies, simulation and modeling, co-relational research through comparison

and charts, and last but not the least, sampling technique through surveys which all

shall be discussed thoroughly in the next paragraphs.

3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Architecture is a course that depends entirely on the five senses of human

nature. It is then very significant that qualitative research is based upon as the result

would greatly influence the architectural solution. The study of human beings, its

habitat and lifestyle will allow the author to fully understand and interpret the right

approach to be used in designing the structure that is solely fitting for the people of

Matnog. The author will be provided with a view of social reality that is only

applicable to the conditions, cultural and historical context of the citizens of the said

municipality. Qualitative research is able to provide what quantitative and scientific

research strategy could not-- a deep cultural, social and ethic understanding of the

users who are the ones to be affected the most. There are two main interdependent

emphases this research methodology focuses on:

Environment- the state, circumstance surroundings can only be described

and be truly comprehended through observation, ocular visit,

documentation, site survey and many more.


Behavior - the Matnog Ferry terminal relies exceedingly on the behavior of

the passengers and users. Observation and criticisms are important to know

as they are major factors in the design of flow especially that the purpose of

this study is to prevent the traffic problems plaguing the municipality.

3.2 RESEARCH TACTICS

The following research tactics are to be used to further understand and

support the study:

3.2.1 HISTORICAL RESEARCH METHOD

The historical investigation of Matnog that will be conducted is for the

expansion of knowledge and background of the place. Traffic reports and

renovations done to the port shall be gathered until the author is able to analyze and

criticize the materials.

3.2.2 CASE STUDIES

Studying structures of similar function provides the researcher illustrative

guidelines of past, present and future developments of ports thus determining the

spaces and facilities necessary to the projects. The comparisons of local and foreign

data will provide the author adequate ideas either positive or negative, and

innovations which will benefit and support the achievability of the proposal. The

following case studies are used:

Manhattan Terminal, New York


Brooklyn Terminal, New York

Seattle Cruise terminal, Seattle

Port of Tyne, United Kingdom

Port of Venice, Italy

West End Ferry Terminal, Australia

Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal, Singapore

Port of Busan, South Korea

Busan Cruise International Port, SouthK orea

Manila North Harbor, Manila, Philippines

Port of Batangas, Philippines

3.2.3 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSES

Information from newspapers magazines, journals and other forms of article,

are collected from various sources that maybe primary or secondary in nature.

Other materials include constitutional laws and bylaws which are in scope and

applicable to the project such as Environmental Policies.

3.2.4 SIMULATION AND MODELING

The research is based also on the simulation and modeling done in programs

such as AutoCadd, Revit, SketchUp. The author will create a model of the thesis

proposal and observe the performance of the design when the conditions, state and

circumstance of the site is applied.


3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

3.3.1 NEWSPAPERS

The following newspapers are to be used for the research:

The Philippine Daily Inquirer

The Philippine Star

Manila Bulletin

3.3.2 MAGAZINES

The succeeding are references in which was used for the study:

Architectural Design Magazine

Azure Magazine

BluPrint Magazine

FuturArc Magazine

Design Bimonthly Magazine

Dialogue Magazine

3.3.3 ONLINE MAGAZINES

ArchDaily

Archello

Dezeen


Architectural Digest

Architectural Review

3.3.4 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS

The following government buildings are to be call upon for the purpose of the study:

Albay Municipal Hall

Matnog Municipal Hall

National Economic Department Authority

Philippine Port Authority in Manila

Philippine Port Authority Region V Division

3.3.5 LIBRARY RESEARCH

The following libraries and Bookstores are visited for the study:

Miguel De Benavides Library, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc,

Manila

Albay Provincial Library and Information Technology, Penaranda Park,

Albay Dist., Legazpi City.

National Boostore, Cubao; Albay

Powerbooks live, Trinoma, Quezon City

3.3.6 PERSONAL MATERIALS


Internet

3.3.7 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

EBSCO Integrated Search

Science Direct

3.3.8 INTERNET RESOURCES

The following topics were used in conducting search through the internet:

Tourism in the Philippine Economy

Architecture and Tourism

Different ports in the world

Transportation systems and tourism

Rural Areas and its need of transportation

Architecture and waterfront cities

Ports In the United States, Europe, Asia, Australia and in the

Philippines

3.4 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

The Following were used in collecting the necessary information for the

proposal:

3.4.1 S


The subsequent people are to be interviewed as they are people of expertise and

experience

Ms. Rosenda G. Sumagaysay

She is the Port Manager under Port Deputy Officer (PDO)

Southern Luzon Legazpi Division.

Mr. Emilio Ubalde

He is the current mayor of Matnog; the Municipal Hall is

directly opposite of the port.

Ms. Carolina Mendizabal

She is the Acting Division Manager of Matnog

Engr. Reynald C. Parafina

He is the Acting Manager, Project Development Department of

the Philippine Port Authority as referred to by Engr. Elizabeth

Follosco, the Manager of the Management and Information Services

Department.

Gov. Joey Salceda

He is the Governor of Albay and one of the pioneers in the

development of the municipality.

Mr. Luis Banua


He is the Assistant Regional Director of the National Economic

and Development Authority in Bicol.

3.4.2 SURVEY

As behavior of the people involved is a major influence in the design process,

feedback, recommendation and opinions will assist the author. Statistics from survey

made available in either secondary or primary resources will be used for space

allotment. The following are surveys that are to be conducted for the purpose of the

study:

Demographic Survey of Passengers

Tourism Survey

3.4.3 OBSERVATION

Observation is an important aspect of the qualitative research methodology.

Through surveillance in terms of the five senses of human nature, the author will

easily understand the behavior of the users, passengers, Matnogueños and other

people involve. The author can also experience first thus be able to understand the

core of the problem.

3.4.4 OCULAR VISIT

As part of the qualitative research, this field visit and site survey will allow the

author to study the state, condition, weather, climate, accessibility, public and

private transportation systems. The consequent are transportation systems to be

used by the author:


Buses

Jeepney

Private Vehicle

Tricycles

3.4.5 IMMERSION

For a much thorough research, immersion is needed in the study so that the

author can fully use the potential of the site to its maximum capacity and be able to

justify the proposal and design better as the researcher is able to experience and

adapt to the site.

3.4.6 MAPPING

The following maps are needed for the proposal:

TCT

Medium to Long Term Plan

Land Use Map

Zoning Map

District Map

Growth and Density Map

Water and Sewage Map

Power Supply and Utility Map


Hazard Map

3.4.7 PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

The ensuing cameras are to be used on the project:

Nikon

Samsung Phone Camera

3.4.8 COMPUTER PROGRAMS

The succeeding programs are to be used for the simulation and modeling

method:

Autodesk AutoCadd

Autodesk Revit

Autodesk 3DMax

SketchUp

V-Ray Renderer

Adobe Photoshop

3.4.9 COLLECTION OF DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES


As the study needs intensive qualitative research, secondary sources such as

internet, books, articles, journals, newspaper, magazines, online database and other

readings will help support the feasibility of the study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

Interviews were used in the research for first hand information from experts

who are responsible for the development of the port. The Demographic Passenger

and Tourism Survey serves as the space programming of transportation relies

immensely on it. Observation that goes hand in hand with immersion and Field visit,

is an important aspect of the research as the author will be able to easily assess the

current situations and conditions of the port especially the parts where it needs

redevelopment. Seeing that site planning plays a significant role in the ideal flow of

the said port, the collection of maps and overlapping site analyses will help the

researcher in examining the state of traffic in the area thus help the pollster arrive at

a conclusion. The role of photo documentation is significant in the comparison of

present data and changes done in the proposal for future use. Lastly, computer

programs are used for the simulation and modeling method of the study; proposals

are made into architectural counterparts and are compared to the current conditions

as seen through the documentation.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Cañizares, A. G. (2005). Great new buildings of the world. New York: Loft Publication

and Harper Design.

Emmanuel, M. R. (2005). An urban approach to climate-sensitive design: strategies

for the tropics. New York: Spon Press.

Griffin, K.W. (2004). Building type basics for transit facilities. (S.A. Kliment, Ed.). (New

Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Parkyn, N. (2004). Superstructures: the world’s greatest modern structures. New

York: Merell Publishers Limited.

Petterson, E. (200). New minimalist architecture. New York: Harper Design

International.

Quartermaine, P. (1999) Port architecture: constructing the littoral. London:

Academy Editions.

Takeyama, Minoru. (1997). Transportation facilities: new concepts in architecture

and design. Tokyo, Japan: Meisei Publications.

Vidiella A.S.(2007). The sourcebook of contemporary architecture. Barcelona, Spain:

Collins Design & Loft Publication.

Vidiella, A. S. (2012). Contemporary architecture. (A.L.Triquel, Ed.), Barcelona, Spain:

Loft Publications


Xing, R. (2003). Lifang architectural drawings. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical

Publish House.

Journals:

Alford, S. (2002). ‘Tickets to Ride.” Architect’s Journal, vol.9 (Issue no. 216), pp. 24-

31

Currie, C. & Falconer, P. (2013). Maintaining sustainable island destinations in

Scotland: The role of the transport–tourism relationship. Journal of

Destination Marketing & Management

Eshliki, S. & Kaboudi, M. (2012). Community perception of tourism impacts and their

participation in tourism planning :a case study of Ramsar, Iran. Procedia -

Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36, 333-341

Feio, A., & Guedes, M. (2003). Architecture, tourism and sustainable development for

the Douro region. Renewable Energy, 49, 72-76

Gronau, W.,& Kagermerier, A. (2007). Key factors for successful leisure and tourism

public transport provision. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 127-135

Henderson, J. (2011). Tourism development and politics in the Philippines.

Tourismos: an international multidisciplinary journal of tourism, 6, 2, 159-173

Jamal, T. & Getz, D. (1995). Collboration theory and community tourism planning.

Annals of Tourism Research, 22, 1, 186-204


Khadaroo, J. & Seetanah, B. (2007). Transport infrastructure and tourism

development. Annals of Tourism Research,34, 4, 1021-1032

Moore, Rowan. (1999). Vertigio: strange new world. In I. Scalbert (Ed.), Public space:

Yokohama Port Terminal (pp. 45-50). London: Laurence King Publishing.

Reid, D., Mair, H. & George, W. (2004). Community tourism planning: a self-

assessment instrument. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 3, 623-639

Richards, G. (1996). Production and consumption of European cultural tourism.

Annals of Tourism Research, 23, 2, 261-283

Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of Tourism

Research, 38, 4 1225-1253

Richards, G. & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A

solution to the serial reproduction of culture. Tourism Management, 27,

1209-1223.

Thompson, K. & Schofield, P. (2006) . An investigation of the relationship between

public transport performance and destination satisfaction. . Journal of

Transport Geography, 15, 136-144

Virola, R. & Amoro, L. (2003). Status of the development of the Philippine tourism

satellite account.


Internet Resources:

Alexander, Heather. Galveston invests in design for new, third cruise terminal.

Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from

“http://www.chron.com/life/travel/article/Galveston-invests-in-design-for-

new-third-cruise-5266114.php”

Autorità Portuale di Venezia (2010). Port of Venice. Retrieved from:

https://www.port.venice.it/en/passengers.html

Busan Metropolitan City. Newly renovated Busan international cruise terminal shows

off the ‘beauty of Korea.’ Busan News. Retrieved from

http://english.busan.go.kr/07community/02_01.jsp?

nSelected=2&command=view&sn=1483&page=1&nowBlock=0&board_code

=8&d_code=news_01&select=title&key=

Camus, M. R. (2013, October 13). New North Harbor terminal opens. Philippine Daily

Inquirer. Retrieved January 9, 2013, from

http://business.inquirer.net/146719/new-north-harbor-terminal-opens.

Department of Tourism (2006) Philippine tourism industry. Retrieved from

http://www.tourism.gov.ph/Downloadable%20Files/Chap3%20Philippine

%20Tourism%20Industry.pdf

Ford, C. (2014). Port of Tyne cargo volumes reach 50-year record. The Journal.

Retrieved from http://www.thejournal.co.uk/business/business-news/port-

tyne-cargo-volumes-reach-6698206


Furuto, Alison (2011, May 12). Kaohsiung Port and Cruise Service Center Proposal.

ArchDaily. Retrieved from: http://www.archdaily.com/133896/kaohsiung-

port-and-cruise-service-center-proposal-jet-architecture-cxt-architects-

archasia-design-group/

Neustein, D. (2012). West End Ferry terminal. Australian Design Review. Retrieved

from http://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/23669-west-end-

ferry-terminal

Petterson, E. (200). New minimalist architecture. New York: Harper Design

International.

Port Architects (2011). Helsinki South Harbour. Retrieved January 10, 2013 from,

http://www.portarchitects.com/project/helsinki-south-harbor/

Port Expertise (2011). Designing Port Area. Retrieved January 10, 2013 from

http://www.portexpertise.com/en/ports/designing-port-area-maritime-

terminals.aspx

Shepherd, R. (2011). The Struggle of Ports. Heartland: Eurasian review of geopolitics.

Retrieved from http://temi.repubblica.it/limes-heartland/the-struggle-for-

ports/1708

Singhal, S. (2013, August 13). Brisbane Ferry Terminals Post-Flood Recovery in

Brisbane, Australia by Cox Rayner Architects [Web log message]. Retrieved

January 9, 2013 from http://www10.aeccafe.com/

blogs/arch-showcase/2013


Wirth, R.H. (2013, April 13). Hamburg Cruise Center Altona. A as Architecture.

Retrieved from http://www.aasarchitecture.com/2013/04/Hamburg-Cruise-

Center-Altona-Renner-Hainke-Wirth.html

Tap Batangas Port to ease Metro traffic – Solon (2014).

http://ph.news.yahoo.com/tap-batangas-port-ease-metro-traffic-solon-

195849348.html

ZGF Architects (2013). PDX terminal deign: port of Portland. Retrieved January 9,

2013 from

http://www.portofportland.com/pdfpop/PDX_Tenant_Trmnl_Dsgn_Stndrds.

pdf

kwentong baybayin

Documents