KWALE COUNTY INTERNATIONAL

INVESTMENT FORUM(Leisure Lodge Beach Hotel, Diani

24th to 26th August, 2014)

‘‘Value Addition on Local Building Materials’’.

Eng. Charles Kalomba,Council of Governors AdvisorEconomic Empowerment

PRESENTATION LAYOUT

1. Why Value Addition on Building Materials

2. Building & Construction Functional Areas and Key Activities

3. Local Building Materials /Value Addition (Investment Opportunities)

5. Q/A

WHY VALUE ADDITION TO BUILDING MATERIALS ?

Urgent need for appropriate use Need to get maximize value from

resources Enormous demand for housing Over stressing the reserves of traditional

building materials Cement material presently not in a position

to cope supply industry demand The huge amounts of waste materials and

thus recycling becoming imperative & mandatory

• Site Clearance • Excavation and timbering• Timbering and Form works• Foundations• Concrete floors• Reinforced concrete frames• Roofs• Brickwork• Internal fixtures and fittings• Insulation• Plumbing and wiring• Painting and decorating

BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION Functional Areas and Key Activities

LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Types;

1. Traditional (Natural, used unprocessed)2. Modern, (Minimal Processing and Value Addition)3. Manufactured (Complex multi-processing and Value

Addition)

A typical local building construction site

Silica/Sand Gravel Quarry Stone Brick Timber Slate Lead Gypsum Mud! (rammed earth walls, earth sheltered) Straw (straw bale houses) Rushes (for thatched roof) Makuti

TRADITIONAL/INDEGINOUS MATERIAL(Used naturally, un-processed)

Clay Bricks Concrete Clay Tiles Ceramic Tiles Steel Lead Glass Fibre Glass

MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS(RAW MATERIALS HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY MECHANICAL/ HEAT/CHEMICAL REACTIONS ETC)

MANUFACTURED BUILDING MATERIALS(MATERIALS MADE FROM COMBINING OTHER MATERIALS AND SEVERAL PROCESSES)

Plywood Chipboard Plasterboard Structural insulated panels(SIPs) Waffles (Ultra-High Density Concrete Panels)

Plastic Membrane plastic

QUARRY STONE

Stone Quarry Mining

Value Addition Processes1. Stone Cutting2. Marble Polishing3. Engraving4. Dicing/Sizing5. Crushing6. Screening/Grading

Quarry Waste/Dust

Dicing Machine

VALUE ADDITION ON MINING & QUARRYING WASTES

Large amount of wastes produced in mining & quarrying operations.

Mineral mining wastes are “waste rock” or “mill tailings”.

Manufacturing of bricks ,light weight aggregates & autoclaved concrete blocks.

CONCRETE RECYCLING MACHINE

VALUE ADDITION OF MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIAL WASTES

1. COLLIERY SOIL In coal operations about one half of the material is separated & discarded as colliery soil.

This soil is used to fill in road embankments.

It can also be used to produce light weight concrete.

Concrete Waffle building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, cheaper and lighter slabs in a fraction of the time with just over half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness.

Waffles are Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Precast Panels

Concrete Waffle building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, cheaper and lighter slabs in a fraction of the time with just over half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness.

Waffles are Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Precast Panels with advantages as;

2. WAFFLE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

• Less cement,sand and ballast• Reduces number of steel bars• Less weight on the building• No traditional plastreing of underside• Uses fewer props and timber• Overall cost of construction drastically redu

ced• Shortens Construction time• The slab is sound proof

3. WASTE GLASS Millions of tons of waste glass are generated

annually.. The strength of concrete less than with gravel

aggregate. This is used to make light weight aggregates.4. RED MUD

Red mud is a waste product resulting from the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore.

It is sufficiently plastic molded into balls.

Firing at about 1260 to 1310 c produces a strong dense aggregate with potential to produce red oxide by pulverizing, among other uses.

RED MUD

Smaller pieces of concrete are used as gravel for new construction projects.

Sub base gravels laid down as the lowest layer in a road construction.

Recycled concrete can also be used as the dry aggregate for brand new concrete.

Larger pieces can be used for erosion control as below.

5. RECYCLED CONCRETE

6. Silica Sand

So which way and what’s the strategy??