Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

Session 3

Current and Future Relationship of ESA and EU- Report of the Rapporteurs –

byKatharina Kunzmann, Julia Neumann & Thomas ReuterInstitute of Air and Space Law, University of Cologne

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

European Cooperation in Space

• 1962/64:European Space Research Organisation (ESRO)• European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO)• 1975: European Space Agency (ESA)• Since 1990s: European Union (EU)

• Increased competences• Space indispensable instrument for the implementation of EU-

policies• Strategic dimension of space

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

Rapprochement between ESA and EU

• 1998: Joint Decision of ESA-Council and EU-Council on European Space Strategy

• Joint implementation of programmes:• Galileo• GMES

• 2000: Three Wise Men Report• 2003: White Paper• 2004: Framework Agreement• EU – Constitutional Treaty

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

ESA EUIntergovernmental cooperation Supranational organisation (EC)

Deals exclusively with space Space as one among other policies

“Bottom up“ approach “Top down“ approach

Exclusively peaceful purposes CFSP and ESDP

Optional Participation Uniformity of EU-law

Principle of fair return “Free competition”“One state - one vote” Art. 205 EC

Switzerland / Norway Eastern Enlargement + Luxemburg

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

Issues for a closer relationship between ESA and EU

• Task sharing arrangement• ESA: Implementation of Space Programmes• EU: Establishment of a regulatory framework for space activities, Integration of requirements from other policy fields, Strategic dimension, External relations

• Coherent decision-making procedure

• Funding of space activities• Fair return principle vs. “free competition”

• Integration of military space cooperation

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

Models for a future institutional relationship between ESA and EU

1. Accession model2. Cooperation model3. Integration model

Cooperation Agreement

Member states:

France

Germany

Spain

…

European Union

•EU joins ESA

•EU participates in ESA-programmes to implement its space policy

•ESA becomesEU-agency for space•Establishment ofEuropean Space Policyby the organs of the EU

•ESA and EU remainindependent organisations•Relationship governed bycooperation agreement

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

• Project 2001 plus workshop in Brussels, Dec. 5th and 6th 2002

• The EU and Space: Constitutional and Institutional Aspects• The background and context of Institutional Realignment• International Institutional Law Aspects of Cooperation between International

Organisations• Of Cooperation and Competition: Galileo as a Subject of European Law• From Joint Aviation Authorities to European Air Safety Agency

• Project ESA – EU: "Legal framework for a coherent future structure of European space activities."

Kunzmann, Neumann, Reuter,

10. Juni 2005

Thank you!