kuiper belt objects - stony brook university · 2007. 3. 30. · summary kbo are the best know...
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KuiperKuiper Belt ObjectsBelt Objects
Aaron S. EvansStony BrookMay 3, 2002
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Inventory of Solar SystemInventory of Solar SystemNakedNaked--Eye PlanetsEye Planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
Jupiter Saturn
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Inventory of Solar SystemInventory of Solar System
Uranus1781
Neptune1846
Pluto1930
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Discovery of PlutoDiscovery of Pluto
… Via Comparison of Photographic Plates
1 AU = Earth – Sun Distance
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Orbits of the Planets are in a Plane Orbits of the Planets are in a Plane (Ecliptic) Centered on the Sun(Ecliptic) Centered on the Sun
Naked-Eye Planets
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The Asteroid BeltThe Asteroid Belt
Rock/Metal Composition
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CometsComets
Ice & Rock – Ice Sublimates as Comet Approaches the Sun
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OortOort Cloud & Cloud & KuiperKuiper BeltBelt
• Long Period Comets – Random Inclinations (Oort Cloud)• Short Period Comets – Low Inclinations (Kuiper Belt)
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Finding Finding KuiperKuiper Belt Objects Belt Objects –– The The Challenges (ca 1990)Challenges (ca 1990)
Very FaintVery FaintLarge Areas Must be Surveyed to Find Large Areas Must be Surveyed to Find KBOsKBOs
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The First KBOThe First KBO
Discovered in 1992Discovered in 1992D. D. JewittJewitt & J. & J. LuuLuuLarge field of view CCD Large field of view CCD ImagesImages
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OrbitsOrbits
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InclinationsInclinations
Plutinos
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Size RangesSize Ranges
10 billion with Sizes > 1 km10 billion with Sizes > 1 km30000 with Sizes > 100 km30000 with Sizes > 100 km10 with Sizes > 1000 km (Pluto ≈ 2200 km)10 with Sizes > 1000 km (Pluto ≈ 2200 km)
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Large Large KBOsKBOs: : VarunaVaruna
Diameter is 40% Pluto’s Diameter
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Binary Binary KuiperKuiper Belt ObjectsBelt Objects
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AlbedoAlbedo –– Reflectivity of Solar LightReflectivity of Solar Light
Pluto
Charon
Varuna
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Formation of Solar SystemFormation of Solar System
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Formation of the Solar SystemFormation of the Solar System
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Accretion & Bombardment are Accretion & Bombardment are Important in the Early Solar SystemImportant in the Early Solar System
Mercury Moon
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Origin of the Origin of the KuiperKuiper BeltBelt
PlanetesimalsPlanetesimals whose accretion was disrupted by whose accretion was disrupted by the formation of Neptunethe formation of NeptuneNeptune stirred up the motions of KBO, Neptune stirred up the motions of KBO, causing more collisionscausing more collisions
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The Fate of CometsThe Fate of Comets
Complete EvaporationComplete EvaporationDead CometDead Comet
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The Creation of Near Earth AsteroidsThe Creation of Near Earth Asteroids
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Near Earth AsteroidsNear Earth Asteroids
10 – 50 % are Dead Comets
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Survey TelescopesSurvey Telescopes
LSST LSST –– Large Aperture Synoptic Survey Large Aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope (8.4 m aperture, 7 sq. degree field)Telescope (8.4 m aperture, 7 sq. degree field)POI POI –– Panoramic Optical Imager (1.5 m Panoramic Optical Imager (1.5 m aperture, 7 sq. degree field)aperture, 7 sq. degree field)
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SummarySummary
KBO are the best know representation of the KBO are the best know representation of the composition of the early solar nebulae.composition of the early solar nebulae.Pluto has orbital properties very similar to Pluto has orbital properties very similar to KBOsKBOs, and is considered by many to be the , and is considered by many to be the largest largest KBOsKBOs presently knownpresently knownKBOsKBOs are also a likely Reservoir for Near Earth are also a likely Reservoir for Near Earth AsteroidsAsteroids
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Popular BooksPopular Books
Beyond PlutoBeyond Pluto, by John Davies (2002), , by John Davies (2002), Cambridge University PressCambridge University Press