kristen campbell wilcox janet ives angelis know your schools~for ny kids school of education
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Lessons from Higher Performing Middle Schools: Putting Research Findings into School Improvement Practice National Middle School Association Annual Conference Baltimore November 4 , 2010. Kristen Campbell Wilcox Janet Ives Angelis Know Your Schools~for NY Kids School of Education - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Kristen Campbell WilcoxJanet Ives Angelis
Know Your Schools~for NY Kids
School of EducationUniversity at Albany
Lessons from Higher Performing Middle Schools:
Putting Research Findings into School Improvement Practice
National Middle School AssociationAnnual Conference
Baltimore November 4, 2010
Session Objectives
• To understand the best practice research findings-- where they came from and how the research was conducted
• To reflect on a school you care about and how practices there compare with schools in our study
• To know where to get other free resources to inform continuous school improvement efforts in the future
Agenda
• Overview of research method and key findings
• Examples of each finding followed by use of reflection tool
• Discussion and sharing of results of reflections in small groups
• Overview of on-line resources for your future use
http://knowyourschools.org/site/index.php
http://www.albany.edu/aire/kids/
Background
Relies on achievement data (NY state assessments) over time
• Elementary schools • Middle schools • High schools • Middle school science • Critical Needs (ELL, Spec. Ed. , Diversity) (2011)
Study Sample• 10 consistently higher performing schools with 6 similar but consistently average performing schools, based on 3 years of state assessment data (Grade 8 Math & ELA)
• Favor poverty (F/RL)
• Urban, rural, suburban
• Open admissions
• State average per pupil expenditures
• 2-day site visits• Semi-structured interview protocols with teachers and administrators
• Documentary evidence collection• Analyzed and wrote case studies for each site
• Cross-case analysis to develop best practice framework and reports
The data
Methodology
10 HigherPerformers
Urban “High” Needs Schools, Limited Resources• Westbury - Westbury UFSD • Port Chester - Port Chester-Rye UFSD• John F Kennedy - Utica CSD• West - Binghamton CSD• Niagara - Niagara Falls CSD
Urban “Average” Needs Schools• J.T. Finley - Huntington UFSD• A. Leonard - CSD of New Rochelle
Rural “Average” Needs Schools • Holland - Holland CSD• Vernon-Verona-Sherrill - Sherrill CSD
Suburban• Queensbury - Queensbury UFSD
For a case study of each school:http://www.albany.edu/aire/kids/cases.html
The Schools
5 Key Elements
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Relationships: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2 3 4
We have not made fostering trusting and respectful relationships between educators and between the school and community an explicit priority and so we do not consistently support this.
We clearly define expectations regarding respect for others as well as consequences for behavior that is disrespectful; these expectations are consistently supported by all personnel across the school.
1 2
3 4
Respect and responsibility are part of our character education programs, but I’m not sure that we have connected them with day-to-day practice in classrooms, hallways, and faculty rooms.
A top priority for all personnel is modeling respect and responsibility in our interactions with our students, each other, families, and other community members.
1 2
3 4
The processes and practices we have put in place to purposefully foster collaboration and community are “spotty” and tend to be peripheral in the activities at the school rather than spotlighted and ongoing.
We have multiple processes and practices that purposefully foster collaboration and community, and we draw students into our community as active participants in tackling what is important. We tap into a variety of resources from outside the school.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Relationships Lay the Foundation
Trust and respect make possible…• security and well-being for students and faculty;•constant collaboration;•honest evaluation of results and willingness to make adjustments; •development and enactment of a shared vision
Findings
Respect
• Respect for and from all• Clear expectations of students• Shared responsibility
I feel totally comfortable to talk about concerns with the principal. When the
principal comes into my classroom – we have strong support and trust.
We can’t do it alone. . . . Parents are involved here.
TrustThe single most important thing . . . is to build trust with your faculty.
• Deliberate• “Family”• Provides safety to disagree, to share challenges, even failures
Trust
• Working on safety and security
• Less sense of shared ownership for performance
• “I” > “we”
• Able to focus on instruction, not discipline
• Clear sense of shared responsibility for performance
• “We” > “I”• Community building
deliberate• Free from fear of
blame; can openly admit failures or weaknesses
AP HP
Relationships: A Case in Point
K. Nickson, 2007, Queensbury MS: Best Practices Case Study
2006 Grade 8 ELA
Case in Point: Queensbury MS
Relationships
Total Enrollment: 945, gr. 6-8 QMS stateEligible for Free Lunch 8% 37%
Eligible for Reduced Lunch 5% 8%
Limited English Proficient 0 NA
Student Ethnic/Racial Distribution
African-American 2% 20%
Hispanic/Latino 2% 20%
White 95% 53%
Other 1% 7%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 ELA 72% 49%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 Math 88% 54%
Not playing politics as usual
Relationships
I’m not a politician.
Queensbury Superintendent
Focus on student learning and performance
Relationships
We’re never done; we have to go up the next step of the ladder.
Queensbury Superintendent
Enact a culture of self-improvement
Relationships
We can say, ‘What’s a better way to do this?’ and not be penalized. Taking risks is okay. It is okay to talk about weaknesses, to put them out there, to make self-improvements.
Queensbury Teacher
Be approachable and trustworthy
Relationships
I believe that the principal’s leadership has been a driving force in why that school is doing so well.
Queensbury Assistant Superintendent
Relationships: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2 3 4
We have not made fostering trusting and respectful relationships between educators and between the school and community an explicit priority and so we do not consistently support this.
We clearly define expectations regarding respect for others as well as consequences for behavior that is disrespectful; these expectations are consistently supported by all personnel across the school.
1 2
3 4
Respect and responsibility are part of our character education programs, but I’m not sure that we have connected them with day-to-day practice in classrooms, hallways, and faculty rooms.
A top priority for all personnel is modeling respect and responsibility in our interactions with our students, each other, families, and other community members.
1 2
3 4
The processes and practices we have put in place to purposefully foster collaboration and community are “spotty” and tend to be peripheral in the activities at the school rather than spotlighted and ongoing.
We have multiple processes and practices that purposefully foster collaboration and community, and we draw students into our community as active participants in tackling what is important. We tap into a variety of resources from outside the school.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Emotional/Social: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
If you talked with different people, you’d hear different visions of success; not all would include emotional/social well-being but would likely focus on external markers like test scores.
Most people in our school see a direct connection between emotional/social well-being and higher academic performance. They include nurturing students’ emotional and social well-being in how they define success.
1 2
3 4
Before and after school activities and services are seen as primarily for students in need of academic intervention
We provide a variety of academic supports and special activities for all students in before and after school programs
1 2
3 4
We remediate problems once they present themselves.
We have systems in place (special education, counseling, and Academic Intervention Services) to anticipate and prevent behavioral and academic problems.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Emotional & Social Well-Being• Its lack interferes with learning • Connect with every student: teaming, looping, “guide rooms,” activities, social services; special attention for those at risk
• Transitions: ES – MS; MS – HS• Safety, security, diversity
We use social emotional learning to focus on what’s common among us and not on what is
different.
Emotional/Social
• Less consistent communication and “enforcement” of expectations
• Less consistently part of shared vision
• Respond to problems• Fewer ways to draw
students into community
• Clear expectations – for respect, responsibility, how to work -- consistently articulated and upheld
• Part of shared vision
• Prevent problems• Ensure a connection
for every student and provide multiple ways to draw students into community
AP HP
Case in Point: Vernon-Verona-Sherrill MS
Emotional/Social
Total Enrollment: 387, gr. 7-8 V-V-S stateEligible for Free Lunch 25% 37%
Eligible for Reduced Lunch 10% 8%
Limited English Proficient 0 NA
Student Ethnic/Racial Distribution
African-American 1% 20%
Hispanic/Latino 0 20%
White 97% 53%
Other 2% 7%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 ELA 58% 49%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 Math 79% 54%
Emotional/Social Well-Being: A Case in Point
Vernon-Verona-Sherrill (V-V-S) Middle School Staff
Learning is social before it’s cognitive.
V-V-S Superintendent,
Principal, Teachers
From www.vvscentralschools.org
One of the nice things about this place is that it focuses strongly on the fact that kids have an outside life, which they cannot leave behind when they come to school.V-V-S social worker
J. Marino, 2007, Vernon-Verona-Sherrill MS: Best Practices Case Study
“Family”
Develop a culture, because learning is social before it’s cognitive. Develop that culture within your staff; develop a family atmosphere. Families fight, argue, battle, but they take care of family business inside – support each other. Make sure you hire people that fit your culture. It’s imperative.
V-V-S MS Principal
Be a person first, principal second.Sign on the Principal’s bulletin board
Emotional/Social: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
If you talked with different people, you’d hear different visions of success; not all would include emotional/social well-being but would likely focus on external markers like test scores.
Most people in our school see a direct connection between emotional/social well-being and higher academic performance. They include nurturing students’ emotional and social well-being in how they define success.
1 2
3 4
Before and after school activities and services are seen as primarily for students in need of academic intervention
We provide a variety of academic supports and special activities for all students in before and after school programs
1 2
3 4
We remediate problems once they present themselves.
We have systems in place (special education, counseling, and Academic Intervention Services) to anticipate and prevent behavioral and academic problems.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Collaboration: What does your school look like? A B
1 2
3 4
We don’t have time to collaborate more than infrequently.
Although it is hard to find the time, we manage to schedule common team and department meeting times so that collaboration can occur.
1 2
3 4
Teachers collaborate infrequently (less than once a week), and the topic of discussion may not be student progress.
We have put in place formal and informal structures to encourage collaboration across grades and disciplines; collaboration focuses on essential matters of curriculum, instruction, and individual and collective student progress.
1 2
3 4
Teachers speak of the need for stronger reading and writing skills, but many do not know how to help students in those areas. Development of literacy skills takes place primarily in special education or AIS.
Given the structures and expectations for working together, teachers integrate reading, writing, and literacy instruction across the curriculum.
1 2
3 4
We give new teachers time to acclimate before we expect them to play leadership roles.
We mentor newer educators both formally and informally and expect them to do committee work and take on leadership roles from the beginning.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 4):
Collaborative Conversations
• Purpose: student learning & achievement- collectively, individually
• Consistent, expected, frequent• Scheduled and unscheduled• Teams, committees- within and across grades and subjects- within, across, outside of school
We communicate from one grade to the next. We respect teachers in the
grades below.V-V-S Teacher
Collaboration
• Catch as catch can• Expectation not
articulated or clear• Intermittent discussions• Less decision making• Each teacher responsible
for own subject area• Teachers left to own
devices• Teachers handed a
curriculum• New teachers “wait their
turn”
• Scheduled time• Expected• Ongoing discussion of
C,I, A, and student performance
• Decision-making ability• Teachers reinforce skills
across subjects• Coaching, PD, support
provided• Teachers build living
curriculum• New teachers expected to
play active role
AP HP
Case in Point: Port Chester Middle School
Eligible for Free Lunch 43% 37%
Eligible for Reduced Lunch 9% 8%
Limited English Proficient 14% NA
Student Ethnic/Racial Distribution
African-American 11% 20%
Hispanic/Latino 68% 20%
White 21% 53%
Other 1% 7%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 ELA 66% 49%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 Math 73% 54%
Collaboration
Total Enrollment: 790, gr. 6-8 PC MS state
Collaboration: A Case in Point
Port Chester Middle School Classroom
Every teacher is a teacher of literacy.
Port Chester Principal
Grade 8 ELA results, 2006
You need to work as a
team; there’s
nothing a teacher can accomplish
alone. Teacher
We are all ELA
teachers. TeachersJ. Marino, 2007, Port Chester MS: Best Practices Case Study
Blue 7 H 1 2 3 L 5 6 7
Math TP 7 7+ 7 High
7 AIS 7 bl
SS TP 7+ 7+ 7 7 Prep
ELA TP 7+ 7 7 7 Prep
Science TP 7 7 7+ 7+ Prep
Plus TP RR7 red
Math 7+
Prep MSS Rdg 7
Plus TP 7+ Prep MSS RR6 or
AIS Rdg
Plus TP 7+ SS 7+ Sci 7+
Sci 7+
Duty
SC Prep Rdg 6-8
ELA 6-8
SS 6-8
Sci SSR 7 blue
Sample Team Schedule, Port Chester MS
Rebuilding the Wheel
You have to have staff involved in decision making. We have 8 or 9 new teachers coming in next year. We need to go back and rebuild the wheel to keep the wave going. . . . We need to constantly overhaul and do tune-ups.
Port Chester MS Assistant Principal
Collaboration: What does your school look like? A B
1 2
3 4
We don’t have time to collaborate more than infrequently.
Although it is hard to find the time, we manage to schedule common team and department meeting times so that collaboration can occur.
1 2
3 4
Teachers collaborate infrequently (less than once a week), and the topic of discussion may not be student progress.
We have put in place formal and informal structures to encourage collaboration across grades and disciplines; collaboration focuses on essential matters of curriculum, instruction, and individual and collective student progress.
1 2
3 4
Teachers speak of the need for stronger reading and writing skills, but many do not know how to help students in those areas. Development of literacy skills takes place primarily in special education or AIS.
Given the structures and expectations for working together, teachers integrate reading, writing, and literacy instruction across the curriculum.
1 2
3 4
We give new teachers time to acclimate before we expect them to play leadership roles.
We mentor newer educators both formally and informally and expect them to do committee work and take on leadership roles from the beginning.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 4):
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Evidence: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
We administer benchmarks once or twice a year, usually in ELA; otherwise we tend to rely on individual teacher developed assessments.
We administer frequent benchmark tests in all core subject areas; these are coordinated with other middle school(s) in the district.
1 2
3 4
We rely on administrators and our data warehouse to analyze assessment data; we share those results with teachers annually.
Both teachers and administrators collect, analyze, and use data to inform practice; this is central to our practice. We also provide data in usable formats to students and parents.
1 2
3 4
Formal observations and student test scores are the primary source of evidence to evaluate teachers’ performance.
A variety of student performance data, observations, examples of teachers’ work, and self-reflections constitute the portfolio of data we use to evaluate teachers.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Evidence-Based Decision Making• Multiple sources- student performance data- teachers’, administrators’ anecdotal accounts- students, parents, and community input
We invite students back after a semester or two at college and ask what was most
helpful . . . [and not] so helpful.
V-V-S Superintendent
Evidence-Based Decision Making
• Focus beyond the state assessments: standards and success in high school
• Data collected, analyzed, and acted upon consistently
Evidence
• Intermittent use• Focus on state
assessment data• Benchmarks, if used,
only 1ce or 2ce/year, only in ELA
• Diagnostic tests given only to students in need of services
• Less frequent sharing of data and less nuanced analysis of data
• Central to day-to-day activity
• State assessment data part of a larger data portfolio
• Frequent use of benchmarks in all core subjects
• Diagnostic tests in ELA and math for all to target resources where needed
• Use expertise and technology to identify patterns of performance
AP HP
Evidence-Based Decision Making: A Case in Point
West Middle School
Case in Point: West Middle School
Evidence-Based
Total Enrollment: 790, gr. 6-8 West stateEligible for Free Lunch 48% 37%
Eligible for Reduced Lunch 9% 8%
Limited English Proficient 0 NA
Student Ethnic/Racial Distribution
African-American 19% 20%
Hispanic/Latino 5% 20%
White 72% 53%
Other 3% 7%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 ELA
58% 49%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 Math
54% 54%
Supporting high expectations
I talked with key movers and shakers in the building. I asked what we should do, and from there we put it to a vote. Of the 80 or so people who voted on [the middle years and IB initiative], about 70 wanted it.
- West Principal
Evidence-Based
Identifying the gaps…
The priority is to increase the performance of every student and subgroup. … It’s not about the standard. It’s about higher expectations for all. ”
- West Assistant Superintendent
Evidence-Based
Frequent use of a variety of assessments
Evidence-Based
We have frequent data huddles.
West Principal
L. Baker, 2007. Best Practices Case Study: West Middle School
2006 Grade 8 ELA
Evidence: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
We administer benchmarks once or twice a year, usually in ELA; otherwise we tend to rely on individual teacher developed assessments.
We administer frequent benchmark tests in all core subject areas; these are coordinated with other middle school(s) in the district.
1 2
3 4
We rely on administrators and our data warehouse to analyze assessment data; we share those results with teachers annually.
Both teachers and administrators collect, analyze, and use data to inform practice; this is central to our practice. We also provide data in usable formats to students and parents.
1 2
3 4
Formal observations and student test scores are the primary source of evidence to evaluate teachers’ performance.
A variety of student performance data, observations, examples of teachers’ work, and self-reflections constitute the portfolio of data we use to evaluate teachers.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Higher-Performing
Middle Schools
1. Trusting and respectful relationships
2. Emotional/Social well-being
3. Collaboration
4. Evidence-based decision making
5. Shared vision of mission and goals
Vision: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
We recognize teachers and students for good performance, but we do not specifically tie awards to our mission and goals.
We tie recognition and rewards for teachers and students directly to our mission and goals; for example, students might win a poster contest about good citizenship or receive an award for completing 100% of their homework over a five-week period.
1 2
3 4
Under pressure from the state, we are declassifying more of our students, but many of our teachers are unfamiliar or resistant to differentiating instruction and co-teaching.
We include as many classified students as possible in a classroom with differentiated instruction and/or supportive services; special and regular educators often co-teach, and special educators know curriculum (by content and day) to be able to support students also served in a resource room.
1 2
3 4
Teachers generally work independently of each other; we occasionally experience tensions between parents, other community members, and school faculty, which get in the way of our vision of serving every student well.
Our vision is centered on creating a successful learning environment for every student; the sense that “we” all share responsibility for achieving the mission is prevalent.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Shared Vision• Central: Raising learning and achievement for all students
• Built by all• Clearly articulated• Echoed from central office to classroom
• Never doneYou never arrive, you are always becoming.
Niagara Falls Deputy Superintendent
I believe that if it’s not broke – then break it and fix it – complacency bothers me.
Queensbury MS Principal
Vision
• Less agreement on vision – may be “handed down”
• Rewards more general
• More students served in pull-out programs
• Co-developed and widely shared
• Rewards tied to vision
• More students included in mainstream classes
AP HP
Shared Vision: A Case in PointWestbury Middle School
If a student wants to be
at school, that is a form
of success
.
WMS teacher
Case in Point: Westbury Middle School
Total Enrollment: 849, gr. 6-8 WMS stateEligible for Free Lunch 62% 37%
Eligible for Reduced Lunch 12% 8%
Limited English Proficient 14% NA
Student Ethnic/Racial Distribution
African-American 46% 20%
Hispanic/Latino 51% 20%
White 1% 53%
Other 2% 7%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 ELA 58% 49%
Meeting/Exceeding Standards, Gr. 8 Math 52% 54%
2006 Grade 8 ELA High student achievement
is our number 1
goal. It’s ongoing
every year.Westbury MS Principal
Supporting students'academic, social and
moral growthwestburyschools.or
g
Sharing and Enacting the Vision
Relationships – with parents, students, teachers; it’s a partnership. I pride myself in forming relationships.
Westbury MS principal
Individual departments (ELA, math, ELL) offer
extensive workshops for
parents.Westbury superintendentK. Nickson, 2007. Best Practices Case Study: Westbury Middle
School
The board is student centered.
Westbury superintendent
Supporting the Vision
• Regular goal-setting, review, and reporting – in support of strategic plan
• Team expectations: student contracts and rewards
• Introducing accelerated math• MARS (Maximum Achievement Results and Success) for at-risk students
• Be careful what you wish for
Vision: What does your school look like?
A B
1 2
3 4
We recognize teachers and students for good performance, but we do not specifically tie awards to our mission and goals.
We tie recognition and rewards for teachers and students directly to our mission and goals; for example, students might win a poster contest about good citizenship or receive an award for completing 100% of their homework over a five-week period.
1 2
3 4
Under pressure from the state, we are declassifying more of our students, but many of our teachers are unfamiliar or resistant to differentiating instruction and co-teaching.
We include as many classified students as possible in a classroom with differentiated instruction and/or supportive services; special and regular educators often co-teach, and special educators know curriculum (by content and day) to be able to support students also served in a resource room.
1 2
3 4
Teachers generally work independently of each other; we occasionally experience tensions between parents, other community members, and school faculty, which get in the way of our vision of serving every student well.
Our vision is centered on creating a successful learning environment for every student; the sense that “we” all share responsibility for achieving the mission is prevalent.
Average your total circled #s and place that number in the next column
Total:Average (Total divided by 3):
Interpreting the Results
Steps
Step 1: Compare practices
Step 2: Assess priorities
Step 3: Select levers to improvement
(“best ideas”)
Step 4: Launch SMART goal process
Step 2: Determine Priorities
Average Priority Case in Point
Relationships Queensbury
Emotional and Social
Well-Being
Vernon-Verona- Sherrill
Collaboration Port Chester
Evidence-Based Decision Making
West
Shared Vision Westbury
• Cross-site reports• Best Practice
Frameworks• Case studies• Surveys• Presentations• Keyword
Collections• School
Improvement Tools and Services
Surveys
Surveys
[email protected]@uamail.albany.edu