krebs cycle & electron transport chapter 5.3 continued
TRANSCRIPT
KREBS CYCLE &
ELECTRON TRANSPORTChapter 5.3 Continued
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpghttp://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm
REMEMBER:The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. The presence or absence of _______________decides which path it takes next.
OXYGEN
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
_______________ follows glycolysis if oxygen is
present
KREBS CYCLE
REMEMBER:
Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria.
Krebs cycle happens in_____________inside the mitochondria
CYTOPLASM
MATRIX
_______________ (also called pyruvate)enters the _________________
Pyruvic acid joinswith _______________to form ________________
PYRUVIC ACID
COENZYME A
Diagram by Riedell
ACETYL - CoA
MITOCHONDRION
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Carbon dioxide is released into the ________________
High energy electron carriers move into the
____________________
atmosphere
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, ETC
(We will come back to this later)
Krebs Cycle Animation
Citric Acid Formation:
2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon molecule called _______________ .citric acid
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Coenzyme A goes back to pick up another ________________
Citric acid completes the ____________
Pyruvic acid
KREBS CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE
Krebs Cycle Animation
3
1
1
4
KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES
____
___
____
____
WHERE DOES IT GO?
6 carbons in original glucose are lost as ________________ to atmosphere
→
Carbon dioxide
WHERE DO THESE GO?
ATP can be used directlyto supply __________ for the cell.
High energy electron carriers move into the
____________________
energy
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?
Glycolysis KREBS
Glycolysis ____________Krebs Cycle ____________Matrix
Cytosol
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?
Glycolysis KREBS ET
Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINare located in the ___________________________Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
MATRIX
CRISTAE
Energy Carrying Protein
Electron Transport Chain:
High-energy _____________ from __________ and __________are passed along the electron transport chain.
Energy from passing electrons is used to transport _____________________ across the membrane.
electronsNADH FADH2
Hydrogen ions (H+)
Electron Transport Chain Animation
The pumping of H+ ions into the _______________________ represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP.As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP toform _______
Electron Transport Chain Animation
Electron Transport Chain:
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
ATP SYNTHASE
ATP
Electron Transport Chain:________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. These electrons are at their lowest energy level.
At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form ______________
For every two high energy electrons one _____ is transported to the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.water (H2O)
OXYGEN
H+
High-energy electrons from ________ come inat beginning but electrons from _________come in farther down the chain.
FADH2
NADH
Electron Transport Chain AnimationIn
term
em
bra
ne
Sp
ace
Matr
ix
__
_ _ _
ATP
Synthase
Glucose Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2
Electron Transport
Chain
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
WHATS THE BIG PICTURE?
CO2
H2O
Heat
CELLULAR RESPIRATIONincludes:
______________________
______________________
_______________________
GLYCOLYSIS
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
KREBS CYCLE
GLYCOLYSISHappens in ______________
Breaks down ____________into ________________
Produces
_______ __________2
CYTOPLASM outside mitochondria1 glucose
2
2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
KREBS CYCLEhappens in ________________
Breaks down _________________
Produces: ____ ____
____ ____
MATRIXinside mitochondria
2 pyruvic acid
2 6
8 2
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Enzymes found in _____________
Uses high energy electrons and H+ ionsdonated by _______ and _______
Makes ___________
________ acts a final electron acceptor to produce ________
cristae inner membrane of mitochondria
NADH FADH2
OXYGENH2O
32 (net) ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION(aerobic/ with oxygen):
1 glucose → _______________
FERMENTATION(anaerobic/ without oxygen):
1 glucose → ________________
36 ATP
2 ATP
CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs
Remember !
EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)
Cells normally contain _________amounts of ATP produced by_______________ &__________________________(only enough for a few seconds of activity)
Once this ATP is used up_____________ fermentation can provide enough ATPto last about ___________________.
SMALL
GLYCOLYSIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION
LACTIC ACID
http://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm
90 seconds
EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)
Once race is over, _______________must be broken down using oxygen.
Well __________ athletes burnlactic acid moreefficiently.
trained
Image from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
Lactic acid
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
For exercise longer than 90 seconds_____________________ is the onlyway to make enough ATP.
Cellular respiration releases energy_____________ than fermentation.
Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race.
more slowly
Cellular respiration
Animal cells store GLUCOSE as_____________to use later.
Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif
GLYCOGENREMEMBER
What happens in a long race when the body’s glucose all is used up?
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
________________ store glucose as ________________ which can be broken down into glucose to supply energy for_______________of activity.
MUSCLES
15-20 minutes
glycogen
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
After glycogen stores are used up the body
begins to break down ________
That’s why aerobic exercise
must continue for longer than
20 minutes if you want tolose weight!
FAT
Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg
ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY
All __________________(including plant and animal cells) have _______________ for cellular respiration
All __________________ (bacteria)have their electron transport enzymes attached to their_____________________
Remember: No membrane bound organelles!
mitochondria
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membranes