kosovo genocide by: gabriele biondo jackie serrani stephanie garcia
TRANSCRIPT
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Kosovo Genocide
By: Gabriele Biondo
Jackie SerraniStephanie Garcia
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Around the World in 1999
● The Human population surpassed 6 billion
● The Euro currency was introduced to 11 Countries on January 1st.
● Lance Armstrong wins his first Tour de France.
● The Millennium Dome opens in London
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Continued
● Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of Russia, replaced by Vladimir Putin
● The year 2000 problem known as the Y2K problem and the millennium bug was the most important thing on most companies minds.
● MySpace is officially introduced to the internet
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Prior to the Genocide
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Slobodan Milošević
● Serbian President 1989-1997● President of the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia 1997-2000
● Was the first acting head of state to be indicted on war crimes
● Charged with war crimes including genocide, and crimes against humanity in connection to the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo
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1987-1989
● 1987o Slobodan Milosevic’s power grows with a trip to
Kosovo. Serb nationalists embrace him when he dramatically promises to defend their interests in the province.
● 1989o Milosevic makes changes in the Serbian
constitution that vastly reduces the provincial autonomy Kosovo had since 1974.
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Cont.
o Other measures by Milosevic puts tens of thousands of Kosovar Albanians out of work and restricts the activities of their cultural organizations.
o Rioting and protests by Kosovo Albanians occurs
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1991
o Break-up of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia begins as Slovenia and Croatia declare their independence
o Ethnic Albanians proclaim the creation of their own Republic of Kosovo (earns little international recognition)
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1992o War breaks out in Bosnia as it moves for
independenceo In May, Kosovar Albanians elect Ibrahim Rugova
president in an unofficial electiono Rugova begins creating a shadow governmento In December, President George Bush informs
Milosevic that Serbian aggression in Kosovo will cause a US military response
(The Clinton administration reiterates the threat several times through 1998)
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● Elected president in 1992 ● Poll was conducted in
private houses● Election was deemed illegal
by Serbia● Died in 2006 from lung
cancer
Ibrahim Rugova
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1994● NATO conducts its first air strike in history against
Bosnian Serbs1995● NATO air strikes continue● November 21 - Milosevic emerges as the region’s
leading political power● Kosovo issues are left unresolved
1994-1995
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1996● The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed
o Begins sporadic attacks against Serb authorities in Kosovo
1997● Violence escalates in Kosovo as Serbian forces
resist and KLA steps up its attacks
1996-1997
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About
● Lasted from 1998-1999
● Albanians opposed Serbs and the Yugoslavian government
Sites in Kosovo and southern Central Serbia where NATO used forbidden munition with depleted uranium during 1999 bombing
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Continued
● Serbia embarked on an orchestrated and organized campaign of ethnic cleansing to rid the province of Kosovo of its dominant Albanian Muslim population.
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● Kosovar Albanians were stripped of:o passports o land titleso identity cardso other forms of legal
documentation
Stage 1: Classification
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By systematically destroying schools, places of worship,
and hospitals, Serbian forces sought to destroy
social identity and the fabric of Kosovar Albanian society.
Stage 1: Classification
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Stage 3: Dehumanization
● Kosovar Albanians were viewed as inferior
● Serbian forces raped women and in some cases rounded up women and raped them under commander’s orders
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Stage 4: Organization
● Used violence to move Albanians in Kosovo to Turkey
● Around 300,000 men, women, and children were forced to flee their homes
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● Milosevic utilized the Serbian Army, paramilitary forces and police to conduct the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo
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Stage 6: Preparation
● Men that could be in the military were separated from the general population
● Kept in prisons or factories
● Forced to dig trenches and were physically abused
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Stage 7: Extermination
● Methods employed by the Serbs were:o Mass starvationo Lootingo Raping mothers and wives
as well as young underage girls in front of their families
o Murdero Decapitation
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Cont.
● The typical pattern of massacre that was described was:o Serbian forces to enter a village and separate the woman
and small children from the males.o Men and boys would be gathered, brutalized and beaten,
and shot to death.o Bodies would then be buried in a mass grave or burned
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Stage 8: Denial
● 11 former Serbian fighters on trial for killing at least 118 Albanian civilians during the Kosovo genocide
● They insisted that they were patriots defending their country from terrorists
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● Led by President Bill Clinton, NATO forces bombed the Serbs in Yugoslavia
● Had very little impact on the genocide
● Albanian refugees were used as human shields
International Response
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● A stop to military action, violence, and repression
● Safe return of all refugees ● Withdrawal from Kosovo of the
military, police, and paramilitary forces
● Military stationing in Kosovo● Establishment of a political
framework agreement for Kosovo
NATO Objectives
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Conclusion/Aftermath
● At least 6,000 Kosovar Albanians were victims of mass murder
● There is an unknown number of victims of individual killings and an unknown number of bodies burned or destroyed by Serbian forces throughout the conflict
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● Following the withdrawal of Serbian forces Kosovo saw manifestations of a new set of human right problemso Acts of retribution against the Serb minorityo Killing of 200-400 Serb residents
● As many as 23,000 conscientious objectors and deserters in Serbia are threatened with legal action
Continued
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Works Cited
Charny, Israel W., and Steven L. Jacobs. "Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide in Kosovo, 1999." World at War:
Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 7 June 2014.
Dickinson, Laura A. "The Promise of Hybrid Courts." The American Journal of International Law 97 (April 2003): 295-
310; Phillips, David L. Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Diplomacy and U.S. Intervention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
2012.