korea: dynamics and change
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KOREA: Dynamics and Change. Chapter 17 Section 2 Sami W. LESSON QUESTIONS. How did Chinese culture influence Korea? What are some achievements of Korean civilization? How did imperialism affect Korea?. EARLY TRADITIONS. From A.D. 100 to A.D. 668 3 kingdoms dominated Korea - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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KOREA: Dynamics and Change
Chapter 17 Section 2Sami W.
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LESSON QUESTIONSLESSON QUESTIONS•How did Chinese culture
influence Korea?•What are some achievements
of Korean civilization? •How did imperialism affect
Korea?
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EARLY TRADITIONS
• From A.D. 100 to A.D. 668 3 kingdoms dominated Korea– Koguryo in the North– Paekche in the Southwest– Sillia in the Southeast
• Absorbed many ideas and customs from China– Buddhism – Confucianism – written script
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Spread of Culture
• Culture was spread several ways– China ruled parts of Northern Korea at
times– Refugees fled from China to Korea– Buddhist missionaries– Koreans went to study in China
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POWERFUL DYNASTIES• In 668 Silla Kingdom united Korea• Only 3 periods of Dynastic Rule
– Silla: 668-918 – the Golden Age• Traders came from all over• Capital was Kyonju• Buddhist beliefs influenced architecture, sculpture, and
literature– Koryo: 918-1392 – where ‘Korea’ comes from
• Capital was Kaesong• Wang Kon encouraged culture and arts
– Celadon Porcelain was perfected at this time• System of Civil Service Examinations was put into place• Buddhist influence reached height
• Developed the movable METAL type• Fought off Japanese Pirates, but were conquered by the
Mongols
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POWERFUL DYNASTIES CONT.
– ChosonChoson• Capital at SeoulCapital at Seoul• Confucianism replaced Confucianism replaced
Buddhism as the system of Buddhism as the system of social ethicssocial ethics
• Acknowledged China’s Acknowledged China’s power and for 500 years power and for 500 years discouraged relations with discouraged relations with other countriesother countries
– Became known as the Became known as the “Hermit Kingdom”“Hermit Kingdom”
• Scholars developed the Scholars developed the Korean alphabet – han’gulKorean alphabet – han’gul
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INVASIONS AND ISOLATION
• 1592 – Japanese tried to attack China via Korea– ‘Turtle boats’ – metal-plated ships invented– Much of Korea was destroyed
• Manchus conquered the weakened country in the 1600s– However, Choson remained in power
• For 200 years Korea practiced ISOLATIONISM, the policy of avoiding foreign involvements and contacts – Ports were closed to foreign ships, ideas resisted,
and Christianity was banned
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IMPERIALISM & NATIONALISM
• China had supported Korea’s isolation policy, but by the 1800s could not help
• Imperialism powers forced the signing of “unequal treaties” which opened ports and gave foreigners rights like extraterritoriality
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• Competed with China and Russia for power of Korea
• 1905 Japan won control• 1910 – Choson dynasty
destroyed and Korea annexed
• ANNEX – to add a territory to one’s own country
• Japan’s rule was harsh but with modern improvements like factories and roads.
• March 1, 1919 Korean nationalists had a huge, peaceful demonstration
• Japanese responded by killing 2,000 and imprisoning 19,000– Continued to hunt down
the leaders of the movement: many of them moved to the U.S., Soviet Union, or China
• During WWII Koreans were forced to fight for Japanese
• Korean Language forbidden and names changed
KOREAN KOREAN NATIONALISMNATIONALISM
JAPANESE JAPANESE RULERULE
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King Sejong King Sejong Father of the Korean Father of the Korean
AlphabetAlphabet
• October 9October 9thth is Han’gul Day – is Han’gul Day – dedicated to the Korean Alphabet dedicated to the Korean Alphabet and King Sejongand King Sejong
• During reign from 1418 to 1450 he During reign from 1418 to 1450 he encouraged advances in agriculture, encouraged advances in agriculture, government, science, music, government, science, music, medicine, & astronomymedicine, & astronomy– Ordered scholars to invent rainfall Ordered scholars to invent rainfall
gauge and publish a 112 volume gauge and publish a 112 volume encyclopediaencyclopedia. .
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Han’gul – Korean Han’gul – Korean LanguageLanguage
• Before Han’gul, to be literate, one had to know at least 2,00 Chinese characters
• New Alphabet had 17 constants & 11 vowels - simplified to 14 constants & 10 vowels
•Many Confucian scholars scorned the new language
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LAST NAMES
• In the boy’s school a Japanese man came in and informed the students he would call their names and they would go home to get their new names
• Had to go to the Police and register• Later the boy went to the cemetery with
his father and grandfather – they felt as if they were a disgrace to the family
THE MORE THE JAPANESE SUPRESSED THE KOREAN CULTURE, THE CLOSER THE KOREANS GREW TO IT.