kochi city study(intro, history, demography, infrastructure, economy, tourism)

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KOCHI CITY STUDY SHUBHI SONAL ARUN CHANDRA BABU APURVA TOMAR

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an introduction to kochi city, its demographic characteristics, infrastructure, economy, history and tourism.

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Page 1: Kochi  city study(intro, history, demography, infrastructure, economy, tourism)

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CITY STUDYSHUBHI SONAL

ARUN CHANDRA BABUAPURVA TOMAR

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INTRODUCTION

•COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF KERALA

•9°58’ N LATITUDE & A LONGITUDE OF 76°16’E

•LOCATED FACING THE ARABIAN SEA IN THE ERNAKULUM DISTRICT OF KERALA.

•LARGEST URBAN AGGLOMERATION IN THE STATE & 2ND LARGEST ON THE WESTERN COAST.

•THE ENTIRE REGION COVERING FORT KOCHI, MATTANCHERRY, WELLINGTON ISLAND, MAINLAND ERNAKULAM AND ITS SUBURBIA (INCLUDING VYTTILA, VENNALA, EDAPALLY) IS GENERALLY REFERRED TO AS KOCHI (OR COCHIN) BECAUSE ALL THESE AREAS WERE PART OF THE ERSTWHILE KINGDOM OF KOCHI IN PRE-INDEPENDENCE INDIA.

KOCHU A SMALL BRANCH OF THE PERIYAR RIVER, WHICH FLOWS IN TO THE SEA MOUTH OF THE VEMBANAD ESTUARY, GAVE THIS PLACE THE NAME ‘COCHIN’.

KOCHI

•DIVERSE COMMUNITY PROFILE COMPRISING OF HINDUS, MUSLIMS, JEWS, KONKANIS ETC

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ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP

KOCHI CORPORATION, HEADED BY A MAYOR IS DIVIDED INTO 74 WARDS.

FORT KOCHI, MATTANCHERRY AND ERNAKULAM WERE THE THREE MUNICIPALITIES IN COCHIN AREA, WHICH WAS LATER MERGED TO FORM THE COCHIN CORPORATION.

THE CORPORATION HAS ITS HEADQUARTERS IN ERNAKULAM

KOCHI CITY REGION INCLUDES KOCHICORPORATION, THRIPUNITHURA MUNICIPALITY, KALAMASSERY MUNICIPALITY AND 14PANCHAYATS; ALTOGETHER ENCOMPASSING OF 369.72 SQ. KM AREA.

HIGH COURT OF KERALA, THE HIGHEST JUDICIAL BODY IN THE STATE IS IN KOCHIKOCHI IS THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE SOUTHERN NAVAL COMMAND, THE PRIMARY TRAINING CENTRE OF THE INDIAN NAVY.

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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GEOGRAPHY

KOCHI IS A COASTAL SETTLEMENT INTERSPERSED WITH BACKWATER SYSTEM AND FRINGED ON THE EASTERN SIDE BY LATERITE CAPPED LOW HILLS FROM WHICH A NUMBER OF STREAMS ORIGINATE AND DRAIN INTO THE BACKWATER SYSTEM.

•THE AREA ABOUNDS IN PLAINS, RIVERS, ESTUARIES, SEA COAST, ISLANDS AND OTHER TYPES OF NATURAL FEATURES.

• THE LOCATION OF KOCHI AT PAR WITH THE SEA LEVEL. KOCHI HAS A COASTLINE THAT STRETCHES UP TO A LENGTH OF ABOUT 48 KILOMETERS.

•AVERAGE ALTITUDE RANGES FROM 7.5M TO 1M ABOVE MSL FROM EAST TO WEST.

•THE CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL FEATURE OF KOCHI IS THE EXPANSE OF BACKWATERS AND LOW LYING WET LANDS.

•A NO. OF MAIN AND SECONDARY CANALS CRISS CROSS THE AREA. SOME ARE USED FOR TRANSPORTATION WHILE OTHERS ARE SUBJECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION DUE TO WASTE DUMPING

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GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

VEGETATION18.44 % (6817.55 HECTARES) OF THE KOCHI CITY REGION REMAINS AS SHALLOW WET LANDS THAT IS EITHER PADDY OR FISH FARM AND MARSHY.

THE PATENTED ‘POKKALI RICE’ IS BEING CULTIVATED IN THE PADDY FIELDS, WHICH NEEDSGOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT TO BE ECONOMICAL

BUT IN THE COASTAL PANCHAYATS THE FIELDS ARE CULTIVATED FOR SINGLE CROP AND USED FOR PRAWN FARMING DURING REST OF THE YEAR. THESE ACT AS OPEN LUNG SPACE IN THE CITY

THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS OF KOCHI CITY REGION INCLUDE THE FOLLOWINGCOMPONENTS:-A. BACKWATERSB. MANGROVE AREASC. LOW LANDS AND PADDY FIELDSD. CANAL SYSTEM

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

MANGALAVANAM QUALIFIES THE CRITERIA FOR DECLARATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL IBA (IMPORTANT BIRD AREA) OF THE BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF MORE THAN 1,500 LITTLECORMORANT AND THE PRESENCE OF MORE THAN 1,000 BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON

•THE BACKWATERS ARE RICH IN THEIR MARINE FOODS AND HENCE FORM THE MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD FOR A LARGE PORTION OF THE POPULATION. IN SUMMER THE WETLANDS PARTIALLY DRY UP AND BECOME SUITABLE FOR PADDY CULTIVATION.

•THEY ARE USED FOR PISCICULTURE BY BUNDING AND IN FILLING BY WATER FROM THE BACK WATER.

•INDISCRIMINATE FILLING OF SUCH AREA IN RECENT TIMES IS OFTEN CREATING POSSIBILITIES OF FLOODING AND WATER LOGGING IN THE ADJOINING AREAS.

MAP SHOWING MANGROVES IN KOCHI

SOURCE:shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

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NATURAL RESOURCES

•INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES INTO THE CANALS AND THE DIRECT DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED WASTE WATER POSE THE BIGGEST THREAT TO COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF THE CANAL SYSTEM.

MOST OF THE LOWLANDS ARE GETTING FILLED UP AND CONVERTED FOR RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. A MAJOR PART IS NOW REMAINING AS UNCULTIVATED AND AQUACULTURE ISBEING PRACTICED IN SOME AREAS LIKE KANNAMKODE AND CHAKKANATTUKARI.

•AT PRESENT, THE KOCHI BACKWATER IS SUBJECTED TO SERIOUS ANTHROPOGENIC INTERVENTIONS DUE TO DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE MAINLAND LIKE URBANIZATION (MAINLY BY DUMPING OF URBAN WASTES AND EFFLUENTS INTO THE SYSTEM THROUGH THE CANALS), INDUSTRIALIZATION (BOTH IN THE CORPORATION AND ADJOINING AREAS), ACTIVITIES IN THE PORT, SHIPYARD ETC.

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HISTORICAL TIMELINE

1503-1663PORTUGUESEPERIOD : FORT KOCHI ESTD.

1102 A.D.NEW PRINCELY

STATE COMPRISING

COCHIN FORMED

1341 A.D.KOCHI BECAME

BIGGEST NATURAL PORT & CENTRE OF

TRADE ON THE WESTERN

COAST

1663-1773DUTCHPERIOD

1773-1814MYSOREANINVASION

1814-1947BRITISHPERIOD

1840DEVELOPMENT OF ERNAKULAM

AS ADMINISTRATIVE

CENTER. EXPANSION OF

TOWN EASTWARDS

1920COCHIN PORT CREATED BY DREDGING.

WELLINGDON ISLAND

FORMED

1940ROAD AND RAIL

LINKS CONNECTING ISLANDS AND

WEST KOCHI TO EASTERN

MAINLAND COMPLETED

1967COCHIN

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION FORMED

1976GCDA

FORMED

2000ECONOMIC BOOM IN

ERNAKULAM LEADING TO

MASSIVE URBANISATION

IN AND AROUND KOCHI

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EVOLUTION OF KOCHI : GROWTH STIMULANTS

1870INITIATION OF THE IDEA OF MAKING A GREAT HARBOUR,

OUT OF THE UNIQUE LAGOONS

IN KOCHI

1920DREDGING WORK

STARTS FOR COCHIN PORT.WELLINGDON

ISLAND FORMED.

1940ROAD CONNECTION TO THE MAIN LAND ON THE WEST AND

ROAD-RAILCONNECTION TO THE

EAST FROM THE ISLAND COMPLETED

POST INDEPENDENCE

SURGE IN ECONOMIC

ACTIVITIES AND URBANISATION

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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KOCHI SECRETARIAT BUILDING

KOCHI PORT TRUST

STATE ASSEMBLY BUILDING

JEWISH SYNAGOGUE DUTCH PALACE

ST. FRANCIS CHURCH

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Y

DESIGN APPEARANCE OF TOWN AND VISUAL PLAN

•KOCHI ORIGINATED AS A MODEST MARKET HARBOUR TOWN, AND GRADUALLY URBAN EXPANSION OUT GREW THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY.•THE DEVELOPMENTS WERE MAINLY ALONG THE TRAFFIC CORRIDORS LEAVING SMALL POCKETS OF UNDEVELOPED AREAS IN BETWEEN•MANY ROADS WERE LAID IN AN INCREMENTAL MANNER TO CATER TO THE INCREASED TRAFFIC DEMAND.•THE REGIONAL ROAD LINKAGES ARE SUPPLEMENTED BY AN EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF NAVIGATION ROUTES THROUGH THE LAGOON SYSTEM.•THE RAILWAY LINE DIVIDES THE CITY INTO TWO PARTS.

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URBAN GROWTH IN KOCHI AND MAJOR URBAN CENTERS AROUND KOCHI

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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INTRODUCTION

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FORT KOCHI•Heritage zoneMATTANCHERY•Market area

WELLINGDON ISLAND•Manmade•Residential/•unclassified area

THRIKKAKARA•administrative + I.T. hub

MARADU•Commercial/business activities

MARINE DRIVE•recreational/business activities; Broadway market

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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GLIMPSES OF THE CITY

HER

ITAG

E: F

ORT

KO

CHI

RECR

EATI

ON

: MAR

INE

DRI

VE

COM

MER

CIAL

: BR

OAD

WAY

MAR

KET

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POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND PROJECTIONS

KOCHI CORPORATION AREA:•PERSONS 6,01,574•MALES 2,96,668•FEMALES 3,04,906 •POPULATION GROWTH OF +5.6 % IN THE PAST DECADE 2001-2011•95.5% LITERACY RATE IN KOCHI CITY.•35% OF POPULATION IS BELOW POVERTY LINE•POPULATION GROWTH RATE IS SHOWING A DECLINING TREND IN THE CORPORATION AREA ( 5.1%) DURING THE PAST THREE DECADES. THE SUBURBAN AREA AROUND THE CITY SHOWS CONSIDERABLY HIGH POPULATION GROWTH (9.11%).

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHISOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND PROJECTIONS

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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ECONOMIC BASE AND WORKFORCE CHARACTERISTICS

ECONOMIC BASE:• EXPORT AND IMPORT

• FISHING• MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES LIKE FACT, TRAVANCORE COCHIN

CHEMICALS, HMT, APOLLO TYRES, SHIPBUILDING ETC.

• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY ENABLED SERVICES: WIPRO, TATA

CONSULTANCY SERVICES AND COGNIZANT HAVE AN ACTIVE

PRESENCE IN THE CITY.• TOURISM SECTOR

•BANKING AND FINANCE SECTOR• PORT ACTIVITIES

• COCHIN STOCK EXCHANGE

0%1% 3% 0%18%

9%

25%

16%

26%4%

CULTIVATORSAGRICULTURAL LABOURLIVE STOCKMINING AND QUARRYINGMANUFACTURINGCONSTRUCTION

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION

•KOCHI IS ONE OF THE FEW CITES OF INDIA WITH CONNECTION TO OTHER PARTS BY ALL MAJOR MODES OF TRANSPORT LIKE ROAD, RAIL, AIR AND WATER. NH 17, NH 47 AND NH 49; 3 NATIONAL WATERWAYS, AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AND COCHIN PORT LOCATED ON STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL ROUTE ARE THE MAJOR INTERCITY LINKAGES.

•MAJORITY OF ROAD TRAFFIC ARE CONCENTRATED ALONG TWO EAST-WEST CORRIDORS OF THE CITY

•THE MAJOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODES IN KOCHI ARE CITY BUSES, AUTO RICKSHAWS AND FERRY BOATS OPERATED MAINLY BY PRIVATE OPERATORS.

• THE BUSES CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 14% OF THE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND CARRY 73% OF THE PASSENGER TRAFFIC; CARS WITH 38 % OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND 15 % OF PASSENGER TRIPS

• TWO WHEELERS CONTRIBUTE 35% OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND 8% OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC;

• AUTO RICKSHAWS CONSTITUTE ABOUT 13% OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND 4% OF PASSENGER TRIPS.

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION

KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN TRANSPORTATION SECTION•INADEQUATE LANE WIDTH TO CARRY THE PRESENT / FUTURE TRAFFIC VOLUMES;•VEHICLE CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE ROAD IS NOT GROWING PROPORTIONATE WITH THE GROWTH OF VEHICLES.• LACK OF ORGANIZED TAXI / AUTO STAND.•POOR PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE (ABSENCE OF SUBWAY, FOOTPATH, PEDESTRIAN CROSSING ETC);•ABSENCE OF PROPERLY CONFIGURED INTERSECTIONS AND JUNCTION FLYOVERS•POOR ROAD MAINTENANCE (AS THERE IS RAIN FOR NEARLY 6 MONTHS, ROADS ARE DAMAGED VERY QUICKLYWHICH INCUR HEAVY COST ON MAINTENANCE OF THE ROADS)

VEHICLES GROWTH 1990-2005

TWO WHEELERS 7.4

CARS 3.7

BUSES 5.8

GOODS VEHICLES 3.6

TOTAL ROAD LENGTH= 614 KMSDENSITY= 1.03 km/1000 population and 6.47 km/sq km

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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PROPOSED COCHIN METRO ROUTE

THE PROJECT AIMS TO INCREASE THE MOBILITY OF CITIZENS, WHICH IN TURN ENHANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCREASE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CITIZENS BY OFFERING THEM AN ALTERNATIVE MODE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO REACH JOBS, WORK, EDUCATION, LIVELIHOOD, ENTERTAINMENT AND OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES.

THE PROJECT WAS DESIGNED TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE CULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CITY.

LAND PRICES ARE EXPECTED TO GO UP ALONG THE METRO ROUTES.

THE KOCHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION HAS PROPOSED AN ELEVATED ROUTE SPANNING 25.253 KM FROM THRIPUNITHURA TO ALUVA

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HOUSING CONDITION AND FUTURE NEED

• KOCHI IS LIKELY TO WITNESS A PROLIFERATION OF APARTMENTS AND FLATS IN THE NEAR FUTURE IF THE PRESENT TREND CONTINUES. ON THE ONE SIDE, THERE IS MUCH DEMAND FOR APARTMENTS FROM THE RETURNING NRI POPULATION. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE LEADING EXECUTIVES IN THE STATE AND FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY WANT TO SET UP SHOP IN THE MOST HAPPENING PLACE IN KERALA.

•THRIKKAKKARA REGION HAS HIGHER DENSITY OF HIGH RISE APARTMENTS AND VILLAS.

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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HOUSING CONDITION AND FUTURE NEED

•SLUMS IN KOCHI ARE SCATTERED ALL OVER THE CITY AND THAT MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO DISTINGUISH SLUM AREA FROM REGULAR HABITATION. THE EXCEPTION IS MATTANCHERY WHERE ONE CAN SEE REAL SLUMS.•ABOUT 90% OF THE HOUSING SHORTAGE PERTAINS TO THE WEAKER SECTION

•IN MATTANCHERY REGION MOST OF THE HOUSES ARE OLD OR IN DILAPIDATED STAGE.•IN FORT KOCHI AND IN SOME PART OF THE WELLINGTON ISLAND THERE ARE A FEW FISHERMEN'S COLONIES.

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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SLUMS IN KOCHI

•VATHURUTHY, A BIG SLUM IS LOCATED IN THE WILLINGDON ISLAND. THE AREA IS THICKLY POPULATED WITH 22,000 PEOPLE OF 2100 FAMILIES (1500 TAMIL FAMILIES AND 600 MALAYALAM FAMILIES) PACKED LIKE BEEHIVES. •NATIVES HAVE THEIR OWN HOUSES OF VARIOUS TYPES WITH A FEW CENTS OF LAND. ALL THE MIGRANT PEOPLE ARE LIVING IN RENTED HUTS.

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

KEY ISSUES IN THE SLUMS•INSECURITY OF TENURE AND HOUSING AND POOR SANITARY FACILITY;• ACUTE SCARCITY OF POTABLE WATER;• POOR STANDARDS OF HEALTH & NUTRITION;• SOCIAL SECURITY- THREAT FACED BY WOMEN HEADED FAMILIES, MOST VULNERABLE, PHYSICALLY MENTALLY CHALLENGED, BEDRIDDEN, CHRONIC ILL PATIENTS AND STREET CHILDREN;• POOR STANDARDS OF EDUCATION AND LITERACY, WHICH HAS A PARTICULAR IMPACT ON WOMEN AND;• POOR TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES FROM REMOTE SLUM SETTLEMENTS TO THE MAINSTREAM;• EXTREMELY LIMITED EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME EARNING OPPORTUNITIES; AND LIMITED PROVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

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HOUSING CONDITION AND FUTURE NEED

KEY ISSUES IN HOUSING SECTER• RAPID INCREASE OF MIGRANT POPULATION• DUE TO SCARCITY AND SOARING PRICE OF LAND URBAN POOR ARE PERSUADED TO STAY IN PURAMBOKE LANDS OR RENTAL HOMES.• LACK OF TENURE SECURITY• LACK OF LAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE CITY• LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO GRANT OF PATTAYAM• LACK OF AWARENESS IN LOW COST TECHNOLOGY AND TENURE ISSUES•DILAPIDATED BUILDINGS IN MATTANCHERRY.• COST OF CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS ARE INCREASING• ADMINISTRATIVE DELAY, SHORTAGE OF SKILLED STAFF AND LACK OF COORDINATION.• LACK OF LAND USE DATA BANK

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

FUTURE NEED•IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNED USE OF VACANT LAND IS NECESSARY IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR.

•CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIFAMILY DWELLING UNIT TO MOST VULNERABLE HOMELESS, LANDLESS PEOPLE AND OCCUPANTS OF DILAPIDATED BUILDINGS;

•RELOCATION OF SLUMS LOCATED IN HAZARDOUS AND VULNERABLE AREAS

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COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

•EDUCATION : THERE ARE SEVERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CITY THAT MEET ITS EDUCATIONAL NEEDS. AS PER DATA AVAILABLE FOR THE YEAR 2011, THERE ARE 119 SCHOOLS WITHIN THE CORPORATION OF KOCHI. MAJORITY OF THESE INSTITUTIONS ARE RUN BY THE PRIVATE AGENCIES

•HEALTH: THERE ARE SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITALS, PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN THE CITY PREMISES. THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SLUMS AND OTHER SETTLEMENT AREAS OF THE URBAN POOR ARE VERY POOR AND THEY LACK PROPER HEALTH CARE FACILITIES.

•SOCIAL SECURITY: OWING TO THE PORT AND WIDER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES KOCHI CITY, ATTRACTS A RANGE OF POOR MIGRANTS WHO END UP AND SOMETIMES REMAIN ON THE STREET, SLEEPING IN BUS STAND, RAILWAY STATIONS, AND BEACH AND IN THE MARKET. THESE TRANSIENT GROUPS HAVE LITTLE CAPACITY TO HELP THEMSELVES TO BREAK THIS CYCLE AND OFTEN REMAIN IN THE STREET INDEFINITELY. COCHIN CORPORATION HAS CONSTRUCTED NIGHT SHELTERS FOR WOMEN, STREET GIRLS, STREET BOYS, STREET ADULTS AND OTHER 5 REHABILITATION CENTERS.

•CIVIC AMENITIES: THERE ARE PUBLIC LIBRARIES, PLAY GROUNDS, INTERNATIONAL STADIUMS, PARKS, WORKING WOMEN'S HOSTELS UNDER GCDA.

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COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION: BETTER ACCESS OF THE POOR TO THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT IS OF GREAT SIGNIFICANCE RELATED TO THEIR PROVERTY. THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF SLUM DWELLERS ARE INACCESSIBLE TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. DILAPIDATED AND POOR ROADS, SUB ROADS AND BYE LANES MAKE THEIR LIFE PATHETIC.

URBAN POOR AND LIVELIHOOD: SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, IRREGULAR EMPLOYMENT AND LOW PAYMENT ARE MAJOR HAZARDS AMONG THE URBAN POOR. THE INFORMAL ACTIVITIES MAINLY CONCENTRATE AROUND MAJOR ROAD NETWORK IN THE CITY SUCH AS ROAD MARGINS, FOOT PATHS, SPACE IN SMALL MARKET AREAS ETC. THE MAJOR AREAS OF INFORMAL ACTIVITIES IN KOCHI CITY ARE SHANMUKHM ROAD, BROADWAY, M. G ROAD ETC

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT : IN CORPORATION AND SURROUNDINGS CLEAN KERALA UNITS ARE STARTED TO COLLECT SOLID WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLDS AND HOTELS IN THE CITY. AT PRESENT THERE ARE 21 UNITS FUNCTIONING. IN CORPORATION AND SURROUNDINGS THERE ARE VERY FEW UNITS OF BIOGAS PLANTS AND VERMI-COMPOST UNITS. THERE IS A SOLID WASTE TREATMENT PLANT IN BRAMAPURAM COCHIN CORPORATION.

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KOCHI

KEY ISSUES IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMNT•CITY WIDE WASTE COLLECTION SERVICE DOES NOT REACH MOST OF THE SLUMS AND URBAN POOR RESIDENTIAL AREAS.•ABSENCE OF EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE PRIMARY WASTE COLLECTION IN KOCHI AND SURROUNDINGS.•LACK OF AWARENESS AMONG THE URBAN POOR REGARDING PROPER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL.•OPEN DRAINAGE, CANALS AND VACANT LAND BECOME WASTE DUMPING PLACES.•INADEQUACY OF WASTE BINS IN SLUMS.•NO PROVISION FOR DAILY REMOVAL OF WASTE FROM EXISTING BINS CREATES ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.•URBAN POOR HAVE LIMITED LAND PREMISES TO SEGREGATE OR DISPOSE WASTE.RELUCTANCE OF SLUM DWELLERS AND URBAN POOR RESIDENCE TO PAY A NOMINAL COLLECTION CHARGES OR SERVICE CHARGE.

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CURRENT LAND USE PATTERN

•INDUSTRIAL AREA IS DISTRIBUTED OVER VARIOUS POCKETS OF THE CITY.•VERY FEW PATCHES OF OPEN SPACE LEFT AMIDST THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS•A MAJOR PORTION OF THE LAND OCCUPIED BY WATER FEATURES SUCH AS CANALS, WATERWAYS ETC.•COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES ARE CONCENTRATED NEAR THE MARINE DRIVE AREA.•LARGE TRACTS OF LAND ALLOCATED FOR PADDY CULTIVATION ADDS TO THE LUNGSPACE OF THE CITY

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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LANDUSE PATTERN, SUBDIVISION CONTROL & ZONING

•INDUSTRIAL ZONE IS BEING PUSHED TOWARDS THE PEROPHERAL AREAS OF THE CITY ON THE EAST.

•INDUSTRIAL BELT BEAR MARINE DRIVE HAS BEEN REMOVED. THE AREA WILL BE DEVELOPED AS A CITY CENTER.

•OTHER CITY CENTERS WILL BE COMING UP IN VYTILLA (MOBILITY HUB) AND EDAPALLY( MEETING POINT OF NH17 AND NH47).

•HERITAGE AREA HAS BEEN INTRODUCED AS A SEPARATE CATEGORY IN FORT KOCHI

•KALAMASSERY AND THRIKKAKARA WILL BECOME HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREAS. IT HUB IS LOCATED IN THIS PART OF THE CITY. HIGHRISE APARTMENTS ARE RAPIDLY COMING UP TO CATER TO THE WORKING POPULATION. NEED FOR COMMON PUBLIC FACILITIES.

•GOVT. POLICY TO FILL UP PADDY FIELD AND USE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF IT SEZs.

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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SUBDIVISION CONTROL AND ZONING REGULATIONS

PLANNING SUB DIVISION 1 (THRIKKAKARA): •EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE PLANNING AREA ON THE EAST IS EARMARKED FOR INDUSTRIAL USE (IT/ ITES)•PREFERRED LOCATION FOR LARGE SCALE PROJECTS

PLANNING SUB DIVISION 2 (KALAMASSERY): PREFERRED LOCATION FOR LARGE SCALE PROJECTS

PLANNING DIVISION 7 – VADAVUKODU•LARGE SCALE PROJECTS•NO NEW OBNOXIOUS AND HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES OTHER THAN THE EXPANSION OF EXISTINGUNITS SHALL BE CONSIDERED.

PLANNING DIVISION 9 – ELOOR•PREFERRED LOCATION FOR LARGE SCALE PROJECTS.•OBNOXIOUS AND HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES COULD BE CONSIDERED

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net

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CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS

CONSIDERING THE MAGNITUDE OF THE POOR, VARIOUS WELFARE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES WERE CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO ARE SHOWN IN THE TABLE.

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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BUDGET, INCOME EXPENDITURE

SOURCE: CDP, KOCHI

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PLANNING ISSUES

SPECIFIC ISSUES

•URBAN SPRAWL AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

•INFRASTRUCTURE: ROADS ,WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE,

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE AND SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

•WATER BODIES

•ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

•ESCALATING LAND VALUE

•INFORMAL SECTORS

•GROWTH OF SLUMS

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ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES & FUTURE PROSPECTS

SHIPPING INDUSTRYTHE LOCATION, ALL

WEATHERPORT, RELATED FACILITIES

AND THEUPCOMING ICTT MAKE

KOCHI ONEOF THE MOST

IMPORTANT PORTFACILITIES IN INDIA.

MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

PRESENCE OF IWT, RAILWAYS, NATIONL

HIGHWAYS, MRTS AND CONNECTING BRIDGES

FAVORABLE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND MOVEMENT OF

WORKERS

FAVORABLE HUMAN RESOURCES

SKILLED MANPOWER IN THE YOUNG AND MIDDLE

AGE GROUP AVAILABLE AS LITERACY RATE IS HIGHEST IN INDIA.

NEED FOR INVESTMENT TO STOP MIGRATION OF

SKILLED MANPOWER.

GREAT POTENTIAL IN I.T, TOURISM,

INFRASTRUCTURE AND EDUCATION SECTORS

LOWER LAND PRICES, GOOD COMMUNICATIONSINFRASTRUCTURE , LOW

LABOUR COSTSAND GOVERNMENT’S

INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE IT/ITES.

HERITAGE AND TOURISM SECTOR

RICH ARCHITECTURAL, NATURAL AND

CULTURAL HERITAGE. NEED FOR AWARENESS

CREATION,FORMULATION OF

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES & IMPLEMENTATION

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FUTURE PROSPECTS: GLOBAL CITY

THE GREATER COCHIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY’S VISION 2030 AIMS TO DECONGEST THE CENTRAL DISTRICT THROUGH DECENTRALISED DEVELOPMENT AND ELEVATE KOCHI TO THE STATUS OF A GLOBAL CITY

THE GCDA WILL GIVE PRIORITY TO PROJECTS LIKE RING ROAD, INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE, CHELLANAM SATELLITE TOWNSHIP AND AN ENTERTAINMENT ZONE AT MARINE DRIVE, UNDER VISION 2030.

THE EIGHT DIVISION CENTRES PROPOSED TO DECONGEST THE CITY ARE KALOOR, KADAVANTHARA, TRIPUNITTURA, RAMESHWARAM, PALLURUTHY, THRIKKAKARA, CHERANELLORE AND ELAMKUNNAPPUZHA.

SOME OF THE PROJECTS, INCLUDING THE 250-ACRE CHELLANAM TOWNSHIP, WOULD BE FUNDED THROUGH THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTICIPATORY (PPP) MODEL.

MAJOR CHALLENGE BEFORE THE ADMINISTRATION WOULD BE THE LAW BANNING FILLING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PADDY FIELDS FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES.

DEVELOPMENT OF WATER TRANSPORT WILL GET PRIORITY, ESPECIALLY IN VIEW OF ITS TOURISM POTENTIAL

SOURCE: www.corporationofcochin.net