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Johnston’sLast Bivouac

TE

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EZTRA CE

PARK

WA

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65

65

65

40

40

40

269

40

55

24

24

24

5975

75

40

40

40

40

7581

26

70

70

70

70

70

63

61

61 55

64

78

79

79

51

51

412

ALT70

79

45W

45E

51

641

79

68

79

68

41

431

231

231

31E

70N

431

41

231

31

412

3143

64

412

43

45

64

7245

231

43164

431ALT31

ALT31

ALT41

70S

70S

41

41ALT41

72

127

27

127

70N

127

11

11

411

411

411

6474

76

74

19

19

129

321

411

321

441

441

27

129

25W

25W25E

25E

11E

11W

321

11W

321

25

70

7040

23

2358

58 42158

421

221

64

221

19

19W

19W

19E

19E

421 81

60

78

22

22

54

104

76

14

18

18

57

125

22

69

128

13

11

13

100

100

22

50

100

13

49 49

76

48

13

53

16

55

55

53

53

96

840

840

109

52

2580

52111

85

56

111

62

56

56

11130

28

27

58

27

68

68

68

61

62

28

63

2763

33

33

52

3370

70

70

93

347

67

15592

127

53

53

26

280

138

223

98

31W

174

84

114

114128

228

46

96

48

30

1364

178

59

Greeneville(Multiple Sites)

Tusculum College

Battles ofBlue Springs

PottertownBridge-Burners

Cleveland (Multiple Sites)

Charleston

Calhoun

(Multiple Sites)

Fighting on theTennessee River

(Birdsong Marina)

Camden

New Johnsonville

JohnsonvilleHSP

Nathan BedfordForrest SP

NASHVILLE

Franklin(See Inset)

Big CreekGap

The Hermitage

Clover Bottom Farm

WhiteHouse

(Multiple Sites)

Dickson(Clement RRMuseum)

Clarksville(See Inset)

(See Inset)

Crossville

Pleasant Hill(Affair at Cumberland

Mountain)

LaGrange

MEMPHIS(See Inset)

ColliervilleKirby FarmHouse

Germantown(Multiple Sites)

(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmers’s Raid)

Battle of Moscow

Trenton(Multiple Sites)

Huntingdon (Multiple Sites)

LairdlandFarm House

Salem CemeteryBattlefield

Jackson(Civil War Museumat The Carnegie)

Hurst’s Raid at Barretville

Denmark(Presbyterian

Church)

CaseyJonesVillage

Parker’sCrossroads

(Multiple Sites)

Lexington

NatchezTraceState Park

Waverly(Fort Hill)

Granville

Gainesboro(Cumberland RiverCampaign andJackson County Court House)

Dandridge(Multiple Sites)KNOXVILLE

(See Inset)

Lawrenceburg

Minor Hill(Sam Davis

Capture Site)

Cornersville(Jake Donelson)

Sugar CreekEngagement

Pulaski

Summertown(Fouche Springs

Engagement)

Lenoir City

Kingston(Roane Co.Couthouse)

Wartburg

Frozen HeadState Park

Oliver Springs (Multiple Sites)

Oak Ridge

Gatlinburg (Multiple Sites)

Norris DamState Park

(Multiple Sites)

MorgantonCrossing

Columbia(Multiple Sites)

NiotaDepot

SweetwaterDepot

Madisonville(Monroe CountyCourthouse)

Great Craighead Cave

Tomotley Ford

Affair at Travisville

Jamestown

Cordell HullBirthplaceState Park

Blountville(Multiple Sites)

Kingsport

Surgoinsville

Battle ofBig Creek

Gallatin(Multiple Sites)

Cold Spring School

Portland

Cragfont

BledsoeCreek SP

Whites Creek(Fontanel)

Hartsville(Multiple Sites)

LandonCarter

Haynes

Johnson CityElizabethton(Sam Carter)

Bluff City

Lebanon (Multiple Sites)

ThompsonStation

Winstead Hill

Murfreesboro(See Inset)

Stones River Battlefield

Woodbury

Smyrna(Depot and

Sam Davis Home)

TravellersRest

Castalian Springs(Multiple Sites)

Charlotte

CHATTANOOGA(See Inset)

Savannah

PickwickLanding SP

(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)

Indian MountainState Park

Huntsville(Museum of Scott Co. )

Big RidgeState Park

(Lincoln and theCumberland Gap)

CumberlandGap NHP

Chilhowie

Saltville(Multiple Sites)

HistoricJonesborough

Andrew Johnson NHSDavy Crockett Birthplace

State Park Jefferson City(Mossy CreekEngagement)

Farragut (Battle ofCampbell’s Station)

GreenbackNational CampgroundLoudon

(RailroadBridge)

Philadelphia

LaFollette

Rock House

Rock IslandState Park

Sparta

Winchester

Tims Ford SPMonteagle

Tullahoma(Multiple Sites)

Metro Lynchburg/Moore County

Courthouse

Manchester(Multiple Sites)

Livingston(Multiple Sites)

Monroe(Camp Myers)

Morgan’sOhio Raid

Carthage(Multiple Sites)

Rome(Rome Ferry)

LaVergne(Mary Kate

Patterson House)

RippavillaPlantation

FortNegley

St. Capitol& Museum

Moss Wright Park(Mansker Creek)

Springfield(Multiple Sites)

Adams(Ft. Redmond)

Five Points

Mount Pleasant(The Bigby Greys)

ArtilleryDuel

Athenaeum Rectory

CumberlandRolling Mill

Dover(MultipleSites)

FortDonelsonNB

Corinth

Shiloh NMP

Davis BridgeBattlefieldState Park

Bolivar(Visitor Gateway)

Pink PalaceMuseum

Fort PillowHistoric SP

BrittonLane

Chickamauga &Chattanooga NMP

Lookout Mountain

Battle ofHay’s Ferry

Spring Hill

Russellville(Longstreet’s Billet)

Morristown(Multiple Sites)

Raccoon Mountain

Promise LandSchool

RigginsHill

Clarksburg

Bristol(East Hill Cemetery)

SoldierTourist

Chickamauga DepotTennessee Valley Railroad

Sherman’sCrossing

SuckCreek

Red Bank(Multiple Sites)

Dunlap

Shy’s

Holly Tree Gap

Hill

Peach Orchard Hill

Union City

Paris

Clifton(Multiple Sites)

Waynesboro(Multiple Sites)

ASHEVILLE(Multiple Sites)

VanceBirthplace

Franklin(Dixie Hall)

Mars HillCollege

Hot Springs(Warm Springs Hotel)

Macon Co.HistoricalMuseum

Thomas’s Legion

Waynesville(Multiple Sites)

Maggie Valley(Kirk’s Raid)

Robbinsville(Civil War in

Graham County)

Cashiers(Zachary-Tolbert

House)

Marshall(Col. Allen House)

Old Fort(Swannanoa Gap)

CarsonHouse

Rocky FordEngagement

Allison-DeaverHouse

Duval-Groves House

Cookeville(Railroad Depot)

CampZollicoffer

Ridge Road

Paris LandingState Park Jack Hinson

Homeplace

Telegraph Road

McMinnville(Multiple Sites)

Banner

MountainCity

HouseCranberryIron Mines

Roan MountainState Park

BlalockFamily

Pall Mall

Red Boiling Springs(Palace Park)

Lafayette(Multiple Sites)

HarpethShoals

Abingdon

Battle ofBean Station

Cosby

Skirmish atJones CovePigeon Forge

(The Old Mill)

Spring City(Rhea Co. Spartans)

CokerCreek

Benton

Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP

Decatur(Meigs Co. CH)

CumberlandCaverns

FranceCemetery

Celina

Smithville(DeKalb Co. CH)

Alexandria

ElktonBridge

Fayetteville(Multiple Sites)

Doe Creek

Scotts Hill

School

Fallen Timbers

Purdy

GrandJunction

McKenzie

Dresden(Lochridge Mill)

(Multiple Sites)

Perry Co.Courthouse

Cedar GroveIron Furnace

Decaturville

Bath Springs

Hohenwald(Lewis Co. Courthouse)

Tennessee City(Camp Gillem/

Irish Shanty)

Yellow

Erin

CreekMontgomery

Bell S.P.

KingstonSprings

Adamsville

MaryvilleFriendsville

TellicoPlains

Spencer(Burritt College)

McNairy’sAttack

CollinwoodSelmer

(Mobile & Ohio RR)

Arlington(Davies Manor)

Covington

Henning

Tiptonville(Island No. 10)

Dyersburg(Courthouse)

Forts Randolphand Wright

MI

SS

I SS

IP

PI

RI V

ER

111

87

166

166

Battle ofCampbellsville

St. John’sChurch

245

Maynardville(Multiple Sites)

Walker’sFord

6161

19Brownsville(Multiple Sites)

Alamo(Cageville)

Hendersonville(Multiple Sites)

Sevierville(Walters State

Community College)CumberlandMountainState Park

Port RoyalState Park

ForrestBoyhoodHome

50

Old JailMuseum

Meeman-ShelbyForest State Park

Rogersville(Multiple Sites)

ClarkHouse

Kimbrough’sCrossroads

641

641

Parrottsville(Multiple Sites)

Blaine’sCrossroads

and GertrudeJaneway Cabin

RamseyHousePlantation

Farragut’sBirthplace

BethlehemMethodistChurch

Clay Co. Museum(Donaldson Cemetery)

Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.

PikevilleCourthouse

Fall Creek FallsState Park

Cowan RailroadMuseum

Centerville(Hickman Co. Courthouse)

Parsons(Memorial Park)

Henderson(Multiple Sites)

ChickasawState Park

Farmington

C.S.Cemetery

Shelbyville(Bedford Co. Courthouse)

Lewisburg(Marshall Co.Courthouse)

Belle Meade Plantation

WhiteBluffs

Station

Fort Defiance

MontereyDepot

101

99

RutherfordCountyCourthouse

OaklandsMansion

EvergreenCemetery

24

41

231

231

96

96

Stones RiverNational Battlefield

and Cemetery

L EWISBURG AVE

CARN

TON

LAN

E

W. MAIN ST.

E.M

AINST

.

MURFREESBORO RD.

PINKERTONPARK

H A R

PE

TH

RI V

ER

Visitor Center/McPhail’s Office

Franklin Masonic Hall

St. Paul’sEpiscopal

Church

CarterHouse

CarterCotton Gin

Collins Farm

McGavock’sGrove

LotzHouse

Confederate CemeteryNational Landmark

Carnton Plantation

HarlinsdaleFarm

Ft. Granger

Eastern Flank Battle Park

96

31

ToWinstead Hill

FRANKLIN

55

Mississippi RiverMuseum at Mud Island

River Park

ElmwoodCemeteryFort Pickering Site

at ChickasawHeritage Park 61

40

40

55

51

78

240

240

51

Hunt-PhelanHome

Memphis Park72

HealthSciences Park(Forrest Statue)

MEMPHIS

TE

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ES

SE

ER

IV

ER

76

11

64

CameronHill

Ross’sLanding

College HillHospital

To TennesseeValley Railroad

OrchardKnob

Headquarters Row

OccupiedChattanooga

ChattanoogaChoo Choo

Brown’s Ferry

Raiders

To Suck Creekand Red Bank

ToSherman’s

Crossing

27

24

58

CrutchfieldHouse

ChattanoogaCreek

CHATTANOOGA

COLLEGE ST.

N. SPRING ST.

COMMERCE ST.

41

41

Clarksvillein the Civil War

Customs HouseMuseum

Surrender ofClarksville

Recapture ofClarksville

To Riggins Hilland Fort Defiance

Whitfield,Bradley & Co.

CLARKSVILLE MURFREESBORO

Civil War Trails Site

Other Civil War Site

Hood’s Campaign Driving Route

State or National Park

Information or Welcome Center

Mileage Scale

0 5 10 15 20

Gen. John Hunt Morgan and his wife, Mattie Ready Morgan

Courtesy Library of Congress

Scroll flask and .36 caliber Navy Colt bullet mold found at Camp Trousdale site in Sumner County.Courtesy Pat Meguiar

Union Lt. Charles R. Ellet approaches Memphis to demand surrender, Harper’s Weekly, June 28, 1862

Kurz and Allison, “Battle of Franklin”Courtesy Williamson County Historical Society

The Cannon Ball Housein Blountville still showsshell damage to the exterior clapboard inthe rear of the house.

Jar made by bridge-burner Christopher A. Haun

Courtesy Donahue Bible Collection, Mohawk, Tenn.

“Execution of Jacob Harmon and His Son Henry, Unionist bridge-burners,” from Parson Brownlow’s Book (1862)

Colt revolving rifle, used Nov. 3, 1863, by 2nd Iowa Cav. at Collierville, Shelby Co. Courtesy Norm Flayderman

Crew repairing railroad track near Murfreesboroafter Battle of StonesRiver, 1863 – Courtesy Library of Congress

“Drawing Artillery Across the Mountains,”Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 21, 1863

Steamboats tied up at Ross’s Landing in Chattanooga,with Cameron Hill looming in the background alongwith Lookout Mountain to the leftCourtesy Library of Congress

“Battle of Shiloh” – Courtesy Library of Congress

Tennessee Capitol, Nashville, 1864Courtesy Library of Congress

Gen. George H. ThomasCourtesy Library of Congress

Union and Confederate gunboat battle on the Mississippi River near Fort Wright,May 10, 1862 – Courtesy Library of Congress

Bleak House, Knoxville,circa 1874 – CourtesyKnoxville Chapter 89,United Daughters of theConfederacy

Museum of EastTennessee History

275

Mabry-HazenHouse

Fort Dickerson

KnoxvilleCourt House

Fort Higley

BleakHouse

129

70

441

441

Fort Sanders

40

40

To RamseyHouse

Plantation

ChilhoweePark

Old Gray Cemetery

KNOXVILLE

MI

SS

IS

SI

PP

I

R I VE

R

TE

NN

E

S S E

RI

VE

R

55 7278

64

4079

5140

64

45

412

70

ALT70

79

45W

641

412

79

Fighting on theTennessee River

(Birdsong Marina)

Camden

Johnsonville HSPNew Johnsonville

Nathan BedfordForrest SP

LaGrange

(Multiple Sites )

Collierville(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmer’s Raid)

Battle of Moscow

Trenton(Multiple Sites)

Salem CemeteryBattlefield

Jackson

Denmark(Presbyterian

Church)

Casey JonesVillage

Parker’sCrossroads

(Multiple Sites)

Lexington

Waverly(Fort Hill)

Savannah(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)

FortDonelsonNMP

Johnston’sLast Bivouac

Bolivar

Fort Pillow

BrittonLane

Clarksburg

Paris

Clifton

WaynesboroArlington

Barretville

Grand JunctionDavis BridgeBattlefield

Shiloh NMPFallen Timbers

Selmer

Adamsville

Cedar GroveIron Furnance

Collinwood

Perry Co.Courthouse

Covington

Dyersburg(Courthouse)

ToUnion City

ToTiptonville

(Island No. 10)

McKenzie

Dover(MultipleSites)

Telegraph Rd.

Ridge Rd.

Jack HinsonHomeplace

Historic SP

Forts Randolphand Wright

Brownsville(Multiple Sites)

Henderson

Parsons

EDoe Creek

Scotts Hill

School

114

Huntington (Multiple Sites)

GermantownDepot

Meeman-ShelbyForestState Park

MEMPHIS ChickasawState Park

PickwickLanding SP

NatchezTrace SP

ParisLanding SP

Alamo(Cageville)

65

43 31

31

31

65

Columbia

Franklin(Multiple Sites)

NASHVILLE

Shy’s Hill

PeachOrchard Hill

TravellersRest

State Capitol

Fort Negley

Spring Hill

MountPleasant St. John’s

Church

WinsteadHill

RippavillaPlantation

AthenaeumRectoryArtillery Duel

Thompson’sStation

LairdlandFarm House

Summertown

Lawrenceburg

Sugar CreekEngagement

Pulaski

FivePoints

9898

Belle MeadePlantation

HollyTree Gap

HOOD’S CAMPAIGN

Union Gen. William T. Sherman and hisarmy occupied Atlanta, Georgia, on Sep-

tember 2, 1864, after defeating ConfederateGen. John Bell Hood and the Army of Ten-nessee. Sherman rested his army for severalweeks and planned his next moves. When Hoodbegan ranging northwest against Sherman’ssupply lines, Sherman dispatched troops toNashville under Gen. George H. Thomas. Thelines became less critical to Sherman onNovember 15, when he began the “March tothe Sea” to open more secure lines and destroyConfederate resources. Rather than pursueSherman, on November 22 Hood moved northfrom Alabama to Tennessee, hoping to drawFederal attention from the Deep South andperhaps to invade Kentucky. The two largestarmies in the region thus marched away fromeach other instead of fighting. In Ten-nessee, however, Thomas sent Union Gen.John M. Schofield’s division to delayHood’s advance at Columbia and SpringHill. Schofield then fell back to Franklin.The bloodbath there on November 30crippled Hood’s force, but the Confeder-ates followed Schofield to the outskirtsof Nashville and Thomas’s strongdefenses. Hood besieged the city for the

next two weeks. On December 15–16, the Fed-erals sallied forth from their defenses andcrushed Hood’s army, effectively ending hiscampaign as the remnants of the Army of Ten-nessee fled to Tupelo, Mississippi. Some of thearmy then joined Gen. Joseph E. Johnston inNorth Carolina.

40

75 81

70

321

44127

25W

25W25E

11E

11W

25

70

40

19W

26

7511 411

59 27

27127

76

19

74

74

64

411

Greeneville(Multiple Sites)

Battles ofBlue Springs

PottertownBridge-Burners

Cleveland(Multiple Sites)

Charleston(Multiple Sites)

Big CreekGap

Crossville

PleasantHill

DandridgeKNOXVILLE

Lenoir City (Multiple Sites)

Morganton CrossingNiotaDepot

Sweetwater Depot

Madisonville

Great Craighead Cave

Blountville(Multiple Sites)

Kingsport

Landon

RoanMountain

State Park

CarterHaynes

JohnsonCity

Harrogate

Kimbrough’sCrossroadsJefferson City

Blant’s HillFarragut

National Campground

Loudon

Philadelphia

Sparta

&P

Battle ofHay’s Ferry

Russellville

Morristown

RaccoonMountainCaverns

Sherman’sCrossingSuck

Dunlap

Creek

RedBank

Bristol

Skirmish atJones Cave

PigeonForge

Battle ofBean Station

Coker CreekBenton

TellicoPlains

SpringCity

Spencer

FranceMontereyDepot

Wartburg

Frozen HeadState Park

Cemetery

PikevilleCourthouse

Farragut’s Birthplace

Blaine’sCrossroads

Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.

ParrottsvilleRamsey HousePlantation

Maryville

SeviervilleKingston

Chickamauga Chattanooga NM

75

Maynardville

Walker’sFord

Indian MountainState Park

Big Ridge SP

CumberlandMt. SP

Fall CreekFalls SP

Huntsville

CHATTANOOGA

Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP

NorrisDam SP

WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE

LargelyUnionist East Tennesseewas strate-gically important forCumberlandGap (the

gateway toVirginia, Kentucky, andTennessee)and the rail lines that connectedBristol,Knoxville, Chattanooga, andAtlanta, aswell asMemphis andRichmond.PresidentAbrahamLincoln appointedAndrewJohnson, a nativeof the region, Tennessee’smilitary governor.Gen. SamuelP. Carter, aU.S.Naval Academygraduate, gained fame inEast Tennessee as acavalry raider. Ironically, theFederals heldmost of the secessionist areas,while theCon-federates dominated theUnionist parts.ManyUnionistswhoburned railroadbridges in 1861were quickly seized and executed.

UnionGen.AmbroseE.Burnside occu-piedKnoxville inSeptember 1863,whileCon-federateGen.BraxtonBragg occupiedChat-tanooga.UnionGen.WilliamS.RosecransforcedBragg out. After theBattle ofChicka-mauga,Georgia, theFederals occupiedChattanooga,whichBragg thenbesieged,dispatchingGen. JamesLongstreet to attackKnoxville. TheFederals brokeBragg’s siegeat theBattle ofMissionaryRidge, compellinghim to retreat, andLongstreet likewise suf-fereddefeat atKnoxville. By the endof theyear, East Tennesseewas firmly inUnionhands, and the rail line toGeorgiawas open.InMay 1864,Gen.WilliamT. ShermanusedChattanooga as the platform for hisAtlantacampaign.No other large-scale battlesoccurred in the region for the rest of thewar.Late in 1864, theFederals launched cavalryraids against the railroads fromEastTennessee intoVirginia andNorthCarolina.

1863 1 86518611862 1864

At the beginning of the war, thecavalry gathered intelligence,screened the army from theenemy’s cavalry, and served as

mounted pickets. In the East, Confederatecavalry commander J.E.B. Stuart raisedthe routine reconnaissance mission to thelevel of art when his command rode com-pletely around the Federal army in 1862.Legendary partisan cavalryman John S.Mosby (the Gray Ghost) later harried theUnion army to distraction in NorthernVirginia.

In the West, three cavalry command-ers, John Hunt Morgan, Nathan BedfordForrest, and Joseph Wheeler attained leg-endary status.Wheeler, aWest Point gradu-ate, had spentmost of his life in theNorth.Morgan had served briefly in the MexicanWar as a private. Forrest was self-taught.All of them, regardless of experience, werebold, imaginative, and determined menwho could usually out-think and out-fighttheir opponents.

John Hunt Morgan seemed a naturalcavalryman. Tall, dashing, impeccablydressed, and finely mounted, Morgan wasborn to a prominent Kentucky family. In aseries of raids in Tennessee and Kentucky,he appeared invincible regardless of theFederal forces arrayed against him. Hefollowed his July1862 Kentuckyraid with anotherin the winter inMiddle Tennessee,destroying tworailroad tunnelsto disrupt Unionsupply lines forseveral weeks.Morgan led hismost spectacularraid in July 1863,rampaging

March 4 –5 Battle of Thompson’s Station

June 25 –July 8 Tullahoma Campaign

July 4 Grant captures Vicksburg, Miss.

September 19 –20 Battle of Chickamauga, Ga.

November 24 Battle of Lookout Mountain

November 25 Battle of Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga

June 10 –July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa.

July 1 –3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.

October 1 –9 Wheeler’s Sequatchie Valley Raid

TENNESSEE USCTs

November 4 Battle of Johnsonville

November 4 –December 14 Knoxville Campaign

November 15 –December 10 Sherman’s March to the Sea, Ga.

June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va. April 2–3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va., Lee’s Retreat begins, Va.

April 9 Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, Va.

April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln

April 26 Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee near Durham, N.C.

May 9 Forrest’s Cavalry Corps surrenders

February 1 –April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C.

January 19 Battle of Mill Springs

February 25 Federal occupation of Nashville

February 16 Grant captures Fort Donelson

February 6 Grant captures Fort Henry

March 3 Lincoln appoints Andrew Johnson as Tenn. military governor

April 6–7 Battle of Shiloh

April 8 Battle of Island No. 10

June 6 Battle and Federal occupation of Memphis

August 28 –30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va.

July Forrest’s First Tennessee Raid

November 13 Grant begins first Vicksburg Campaign from Tennessee

October 17–November 1 Morgan’s Second Kentucky Raid

April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.

April 15 Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection”

June 8 Tennessee secedes

September 29 Affair at Travisville, first military action in Tennessee

July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va.

December–January 1863 Carter’s East Tennessee Raid

December 11 –January 3, 1863 Forrest’s West Tennessee Raid

December 31 Battle of Parker’s Crossroads

December 31–January 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River

August–October Bragg’s Kentucky invasion

Lebanon, courtesy Wilson County CVB

May 4 –June 20 Overland Campaign, Va.

November 22–December 25 Hood’s Campaign

November 30 Battle of Franklin

December 15 –16 Battle of Nashville

September 2 Sherman captures Atlanta

WASHINGTON,D.C.

BALTIMORE,MD

RICHMOND, VA

RALEIGH, NCNASHVILLE, TN

CHARLESTON, WV

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Follow this sign to discovermore than 1,500 Civil Warsites along ten breathtakingtrails. Hundreds of sites are accessible to the publicfor the first time.

THE CIVIL WAR REVISITED� � � � � � � �

Much of the fighting in Middle and West Tennessee was focused not only on the rail-

roads but also on the Mississippi, Tennessee, andCumberland Rivers. They were watery avenuesof invasion for Federal forces, the keys to split-ting the Confederacy.

The first significant Union victories in WestTennessee occurred on the Tennessee and Cum-berland Rivers in February 1862, when a Federalarmy-navy expedition under Gen. Ulysses S.Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson.Henry, on the Tennessee, was the first to fall onFebruary 6. Donelson, on the Cumberland, sur-rendered on February 16. Several Confederateunits escaped, including Col. Nathan BedfordForrest and his cavalry.

The first large-scale battle in West Ten-nessee occurred near Pittsburg Landing on theTennessee River. Better known as the Battle ofShiloh, the two-day fight on April 6–7, 1862, wasalmost a Confederate victory on the first day.Gen.AlbertSidneyJohnstonmarchednorth fromCorinth, Mississippi, and struck Grant’s army,overrunning the camp and pushing the Federalsalmost into the river. Johnston, wounded whileencouraging his troops, bled to death from a sev-eredartery. Thenext day,Grant counterattacked,forcing the Confederates back to Corinth.

Federal forces captured New Orleans at theend of April 1862 and occupied Memphis in June,securing the lower and upper reaches of the Mis-sissippi River. In October, Grant began an over-land campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi.He marched from La Grange in West Tennessee,down the Mississippi Central Railroad towardVicksburg with trainloads of supplies following.

Tennessee Office of Tourist Development615-741-2159www.tnvacation.comTennessee Wars Commissionwww.tn.gov/environment/article/thc-tennessee-wars-commissionTennessee Historical Commissionwww.tn.gov/environment/section/thc-tennessee-historical-commissionTennessee State Parks888-TN-PARKSwww.tnstateparks.comCivil War Trustwww.civilwar.org

WESTBenton Co./Camden C. of C.877-584-8395www.bentoncountycamden.comBolivar/Hardeman Co. C. of C.731-658-6554www.hardemancountytn.comBrownsville/Haywood Co. C. of C.731-779-9000www.westtnheritage.comCarroll Co. C. of C.731-986-4664www.carrollcounty-tn-chamber.comCity of Parsons731-847-6358www.cityofparsons.comCollierville Parks, Recreation and Cultural Arts Department901-457-2777www.collierville.comFayette Co. C. of C.901-465-8690www.fayettecountychamber.comGreater Gibson Co. Area C. of C.731-855-0973www.gibsoncountytn.comHardin Co. CVB800-552-3866www.tourhardincounty.orgHenderson-Chester Co. C. of C.731-989-5222www.chestercountychamber.com

Giles Co. Tourism Foundation931-363-3789www.gilescountychamber.comGoodlettsville Area C. of C.615-859-7979www.goodlettsvillechamber.comHartsville-Trousdale C. of C.615-374-9243www.hartsvilletrousdale.comHickman Co. C. of C.931-729-5300www.hickmancountychamber.orgHohenwald-Lewis Co. C. of C.931-796-4084www.hohenwaldlewischamber.comHumphreys Co. C. of C.931-296-4865www.humphreyscountychamberofcommerce.comLawrence Co. Tourism931-762-6282www.seelawco.comLivingston/Overton Co. C. of C.800-876-7393www.overtonco.comMacon Co. C.of C.800-914-7072www.maconcountychamber.orgMarshall Co. C. of C.931-359-3863www.marshallchamber.orgMaury Co. CVB888-852-1860www.antebellum.comMcMinnville-Warren Co. C. of C.931-473-6611www.warrentn.comMiddle TN Tourism Council615-862-8828www.middletennesseetourism.comNashville CVB800-657-6910www.visitmusiccity.comPerry Co. C. of C.931-589-2453www.perrycountytennessee.comRobertson Co. C. of C.615-384-3800www.robertsonchamber.orgRutherford Co. C. of C.800-716-7560www.readysetrutherford.com

The Emancipation Proclamationissued onJanuary 1, 1863, author-ized the enlistment of AfricanAmerican soldiers. By June, in

Tennessee, Gen. Lorenzo Thomas hadrecruited 3,000 men. By the end of thewar, he had enlisted 24,000 soldiers for 22infantry regiments and 8 artillery units.Nationwide, 200,000 men served in blackunits known as U.S. Colored Troops(USCTs) and in the Navy.

White officers at first restrictedUSCTs to support functions such asguarding wagon trains, supply depots,and prisoners. They also constructedforts and railroads, then were posted asguards. Eager to prove their worth incombat, theUSCTs soon had their chance.In December 1863, at Moscow, the 61stUSCT repulsed Confederate Gen.Stephen D. Lee’s cavalry as it tore up rail-road track. At Fort Pillow, on the Missis-sippi River, USCTs fought Gen. NathanBedford Forrest’s command on April 12,1864, then were overrun and killed aftersurrendering. For the remainder of theyear, USCTs engaged Forrest at Brice’sCrossroads and Tupelo, Mississippi, atAthens, Alabama, and at Pulaski, Ten-nessee. They also fought with distinctionin the Battle of Nashville in December.The Tennessee USCTs mustered out ofservice betweenApril 1865 andApril 1866,having suffered about 4,500 casualties.

Sequatchie Co. C. of C.423-949-7608www.sequatchie.comShelbyville – Bedford Co. C. of C.931-684-3482 www.shelbyvilletn.comSmith Co. C. of C.615-735-2093www.smithcountychamber.orgSmithville-Dekalb Co. C. of C.615-597-4163www.dekalbtn.orgSparta/White Co. C. of C.931-836-3552www.spartatnchamber.comStewart Co. C. of C.931-232-8290www.stewartcountychamber.comSumner Co. CVB888-301-7886www.VisitSumnerTN.comVan Buren Co. C. of C.931-946-7033www.vanburen-spencerchamber.comWayne Co. C .of C.931-722-3575www.waynecountychamber.orgWilson Co. CVB615-453-9655www.visitwilsoncounty.comWilliamson Co. CVB615-591-8514www.visitfranklin.com

EASTCampbell Co. C. of C.423-566-0329www.campbellcountychamber.comChattanooga Area CVB800-322-3344www.chattanoogafun.comCleveland/Bradley Co. CVB423-472-6587www.visitclevelandtn.comFarragut West Knox C. of C.865-675-7057www.farragutchamber.comGrainger Co. C. of C.865-828-4222www.graingerchamber.com

April 12 Forrest captures Fort Pillow

Greene Co. Partnership Tourism Dept.423-638-4111www.visitgreenevilletn.comJefferson Co. Chamber877-237-3847www.jeffersoncountyvacation.comJohnson City CVB800-852-3392www.visitjohnsoncitytn.comKingsport CVB423-392-8820www.visitkingsport.comVisit Knoxville800-727-8045www.visitknoxville.comLoudon Co. Visitors Bureau865-986-6822www.visitloudoncounty.comMiddle East TN Tourism Council865-457-4547www.easttnvacations.comMonroe Co. Dept. of Tourism800-245-5428www.monroecountytourism.comMorristown Area C. of C.877-586-6382www.visitmorristowntn.comNewport/Cocke Co. Tourism Council423-625-9675www.yallvisitthesmokies.comNortheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-262-0238www.netta.comPigeon Forge Dept. of Tourism800-251-9100www.mypigeonforge.comPikeville/Bledsoe C. of C.423-447-2791www.pikeville-bledsoe.comSmoky Mountains TDA865-983-2241www.blountpartnership.comSoutheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-266-5781www.southeasttennessee.comSpring City C. of C.423-365-5210www.springcitychamberofcommerce.comSullivan Co. Dept of Archives & Tourism423-323-4660www.historicsullivan.com

T E N N E S S E E

Follow these signs to more than 1,500 Civil War sites.

How to Use this Map-Guide

This map-guide identifies more than 350 Civil War sites throughout Tennessee.Each site is interpreted and accessibleand encourages you to explore diversesettings where America’s destiny wasforged. Tennessee Civil War Trails sitescan be explored at your own pace, andmany offer other historical and recre-ational opportunities. Enjoy one of thenumerous walking tours available inmany communities. Shop at one of hun-dreds of antique and specialty shops,dine at a historically-themed tavern, orsimply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield. Let thestories you’ve discovered ignite your imagination as you envi-sion how now-peaceful landscapes were once the scenes of thedeadliest battles known to man.

The Tennessee Civil War Trails program is part of a five-statetrails system that invites you to explore both well-known andless-familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama.

Together, more than1,500 places tell the epicand heartfelt stories ofcivilians and soldierswho experienced tri-umph and tragedyduring the war.

For more detailedtravel information, con-tact any of the organiza-tions listed in this guideor visit any TennesseeWelcome Center or localVisitor Center. For addi-tional Civil War Trailsinformation, visitwww.civilwartrails.org.

Granville Courtesy Peggy Clemons

In December, however, Forrest launched a raidinto West Tennessee, destroying railroads andsevering Grant’s supply line. Forrest fought vic-toriously at Lexington, captured Trenton andUnion City, and ranged into Kentucky. He raidedback through Tennessee, then evaded defeat atParker’s Crossroads. Grant changed his supplybase to Memphis; he finally captured Vicksburgon July 4, 1863.

An especially bloody battle occurred inMiddle Tennessee at Murfreesboro, December31, 1862–January 2, 1863. Confederate Gen. Brax-ton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee occupied thecountry around Murfreesboro after his invasionof Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville. UnionGen. William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumber-land advanced from Nashville. During the firstday’s fighting, a surprise Confederate flankattack nearly swept the Federals from the field.

WAR IN MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE

Rosecrans held on and over the next two daysseriously bloodied Bragg’s army. Federalcannon fire decimated the final Confederateattack on the afternoon of January 2. TheBattle of Stones River resulted in more than23,000 casualties out of about 81,000 soldiersengaged. A few days later Bragg retreatedsouth to Tullahoma, and Rosecrans occupiedMurfreesboro. U.S. forces built the massiveFortress Rosecrans to guard the railroad andto serve as a supply station.

Middle and West Tennessee experiencedU.S. military occupation, foraging expeditionsby both sides, and Confederate cavalry raidson railroads and Union garrisons. Forrest andJohn Hunt Morgan, usually serving with theArmy of Tennessee, attacked Federal supplylines and intimidated Tennessee Unionists.Forrest guarded the Confederate left flankearly in 1863 while Morgan covered the rightflank. Forrest fought in Mississippi and WestTennessee after a disagreement with Braggduring the Chickamauga Campaign.

Because of the frequent and successfulConfederate raids, the Federals correctly sus-pected collusion with the local population.Civilian spies and Confederate scouts—suchas Confederate Sam Davis, who was capturedand executed—provided valuable informa-tion. In addition, bushwhackers and guerrillaunits on each side attacked military units andcivilians, sometimes as a military tactic andsometimes to settle personal scores. Confed-erate Champ Ferguson was the most notorious of these raiders. The resulting resentmentslingered for generations.

September 4 –19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md.

Middle and West Tennessee. He also fought hisway out of a Federal envelopment at Parker’sCrossroads, adding to his legend. The appar-ent massacre of black Federal troops at FortPillow, Tennessee, on April 12, 1864, however,tarnished Forrest’s legacy. After the war, Forrest returned to farming and pursuedbusiness interests. He died in Memphis onOctober 29, 1877. William T. Sherman, assess-ing Forrest’s military career, pronounced him“the most remarkable man our Civil War produced on either side.”

Joseph Wheeler began the war as a lieu-tenant but became commander of the Army of Tennessee’s cavalry by the fall of 1862. His successful raid behind Union lines beforethe Battle of Stones River made his reputa-tion. In February 1863, he unsuccessfullyattacked Dover to block Cumberland Rivershipping to Federals in Nashville. After theBattle of Chickamauga in the fall of 1863,Wheeler launched another spectacular raidagainst Union supply lines, riding up theSequatchie Valley and then into occupiedMiddle Tennessee before returning to Ala-bama. After the war, Wheeler served in Con-gress and returned to U.S. Army service as amajor general during the Spanish-AmericanWar and in the Philippines.

Johnsonville, Tennessee, Colored Battery camp, 1864Courtesy Library of Congress

Gen. John Bell Hood

Courtesy Libraryof Congress

Battle of Stones River – Courtesy Library of Congress

Gen. Ambrose E. BurnsideCourtesy Library of Congress

Gen. James LongstreetCourtesy Library of Congress

Gen. Nathan Bedford ForrestCourtesy Library of Congress

Gen. Joseph WheelerCourtesy Library of Congress

Newspaper illustration, “General Forrest Driving theFederals out of Trenton, Tenn. General Forrest in theForeground Giving Orders.” – Courtesy Tennessee StateLibrary and Archives

Gen. John Hunt MorganCourtesy Library of Congress

through Indiana and Ohio, was captured andconfined in the Ohio State Penitentiary, andthen escaped. A Federal cavalryman killed himin Greeneville, Tennessee, on September 4, 1864,when he tried to escape after being surrounded.

Nathan Bedford Forrest was the antithesisof the gentlemanly Morgan. A self-made man,Forrest was a successful planter and slave traderbefore the war. Whereas Morgan was an officerfrom the start, Forrest enlisted as a private andthen rose to the rank of brigadier general inlittle more than a year. Forrest’s personality,like that of Mosby, had a ruthless edge—unlikethe charm and gaiety that Morgan and Stuartexhibited. Forrest’s intuitive grasp of cavalrytactics and his ferocious fighting ability madehim the most feared of Confederate cavalrycommanders. He built his reputation on a seriesof stunning raids against Union supply lines in

Henderson Co. C. of C.731-968-2126www.hctn.orgJackson/Madison Co. CVB731-425-8333www.jacksontn.com/tourismMcNairy Co. C. of C.731-645-6360www.mcnairy.comMemphis CVB800-8-MEMPHISwww.memphistravel.comMississippi River Corridor – TN901-278-8459www.msrivertn.orgParker’s Crossroads Battlefield Association731-968-1191www.parkerscrossroads.org

MIDDLEByrdstown/Pickett Co. C. of C.888-406-4704www.dalehollow.comCheatham Co. C. of C.615-792-6722www.cheathamchamber.orgClay Co. C. of C.931-243-3338www.dalehollowlake.orgClarksville CVB800-530-2487 ext. 577www.visitclarksvilletn.comCoffee Co. 931-723-5100www.coffeecountytn.orgCookeville-Putnam Co. C. of C.800-264-5541www.mustseecookeville.comCrossville-Cumberland Co. C. of C.877-465-3861www.crossville-chamber.comDickson Co. C. of C.877-718-4967www.dicksoncountychamber.comFranklin Co. C. of C.931-967-6788www.franklincountychamber.comGainesboro/Jackson Co. C. of C.931-268-0971www.gainesboro-jcchamber.com

Gen. John M. SchofieldCourtesy Library of Congress

Confederate infantry and artillery firing on Union gunboatsCourtesy U.S. Naval Historical Center

Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston,killed at Battle of Shiloh,

April 6, 1862Courtesy Library of Congress

Tennessee Civil War App

www.tncivilwar.org

THE GREAT RAIDERS� � � � � � � � � �

Printing Authorization No. 326214Tennessee Civil War Trails MapguideIssued August 2016