Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management

Presented By:Presented By:Ryan LancasterRyan LancasterScott SmithScott SmithBrittany StetsonBrittany Stetson

“The basic economic resource is no longer capital, nor natural resources, nor labor.

It is and will be knowledge.” -Peter Drucker

What is KM?What is KM? 1) Knowledge management is the process of finding, 1) Knowledge management is the process of finding,

selecting, organizing, condensing and presenting selecting, organizing, condensing and presenting knowledge in a way that improves comprehension.knowledge in a way that improves comprehension.

2) It is the set of systematic and disciplined actions that 2) It is the set of systematic and disciplined actions that an organization can take to attain the greatest value an organization can take to attain the greatest value from the knowledge available to it.from the knowledge available to it.

KM Server via GDRC 2006 & Knowledge Praxis 2006

My Simplified Definition:

organizing knowledge to use it as efficiently & effectively as possible

Q: is Knowledge Management the same as Information Management?

Tacit Knowledge: Tacit Knowledge: • Internalized, what a person knows from Internalized, what a person knows from

experience; can also be ‘trapped’ in info experience; can also be ‘trapped’ in info systems & databases systems & databases

Explicit Knowledge: Explicit Knowledge: • is captured and packaged in reusable and is captured and packaged in reusable and

searchable form searchable form Goal of KM System in an organization: Goal of KM System in an organization:

• take valuable tactic knowledge take valuable tactic knowledge transform it transform it to explicit to explicit convert it back to tactic convert it back to tactic

• so it can be learned and utilized by othersso it can be learned and utilized by others

A: Go back to the distinct definitions of these terms we learned earlier …

Evolution of KMEvolution of KMBusinessBusiness

researched as early as the 70’sresearched as early as the 70’s mid-80’s: mid-80’s:

• idea of knowledge as a competitive assetidea of knowledge as a competitive asset• early development of systems based on artificial early development of systems based on artificial

intelligence & expert systemsintelligence & expert systems 1989: group of US companies begins the Initiative 1989: group of US companies begins the Initiative

for managing Knowledge Assetsfor managing Knowledge Assets early-90’s: KM introduced to public – Tom Steward early-90’s: KM introduced to public – Tom Steward

Published “Brain Power” in Fortune magazinePublished “Brain Power” in Fortune magazine mid-90’s: KM initiatives flourishingmid-90’s: KM initiatives flourishing TODAY: KM plays a major role in a majority of TODAY: KM plays a major role in a majority of

business organizationsbusiness organizations

Evolution of KMEvolution of KMEducationEducation

1993: British Library Introduces “Electronic 1993: British Library Introduces “Electronic Beowulf Project”Beowulf Project”

mid-90’s: Digital Libraries largely experimental mid-90’s: Digital Libraries largely experimental 1995: The National Science Digital Library1995: The National Science Digital Library 1999: JISC-NSF International DL Initiative1999: JISC-NSF International DL Initiative 2000’s: As DL technology expands & becomes 2000’s: As DL technology expands & becomes

more accessible, many universities take more accessible, many universities take advantage of its benefitsadvantage of its benefits

Today: Regularity of DL Technology in EducationToday: Regularity of DL Technology in Education

Aspects of KMAspects of KM1)Mechanistic/Technical1)Mechanistic/Technical

• Sheer volume of informationSheer volume of information• Methods for access & reuse to information & Methods for access & reuse to information &

documentsdocuments• Requires effective & appropriate technology; Requires effective & appropriate technology;

networking & groupwarenetworking & groupware Knowledge Repositories: Knowledge Repositories: storage toolsstorage tools Data Mining Tools:Data Mining Tools:

• Analyze patterns to turn huge amounts of info into Analyze patterns to turn huge amounts of info into valuable knowledge valuable knowledge metadata (data about data) metadata (data about data)

Contact Software:Contact Software:• Email, groupware, anything that promotes sharing of Email, groupware, anything that promotes sharing of

knowledge among colleaguesknowledge among colleagues Intranets & Extranets: Intranets & Extranets:

• Within company & connecting to other stakeholdersWithin company & connecting to other stakeholders

Aspects of KMAspects of KM2)Systematic2)Systematic

• Idea that resources that can be modeled are easier to Idea that resources that can be modeled are easier to managemanage

• Sustainability is keySustainability is key• Apply technology effectively; process & activitiesApply technology effectively; process & activities

CaptureCapture• Data entry, OCR and scanning, Voice input, Pull info Data entry, OCR and scanning, Voice input, Pull info

from various sources, Search for info to include from various sources, Search for info to include Organizing & StoreOrganizing & Store

• Cataloging, Indexing, Filtering, Linking Cataloging, Indexing, Filtering, Linking Create & RefineCreate & Refine

• Contextualizing, Collaborating, Compacting, Projecting, Contextualizing, Collaborating, Compacting, Projecting, Mining Mining

Distribute & UseDistribute & Use• Flow, Sharing, Alert, Push Flow, Sharing, Alert, Push

Aspects of KMAspects of KM3)Cultural/Behavioristic3)Cultural/Behavioristic

• Right combination/balance of organization social & Right combination/balance of organization social & managerial objectivesmanagerial objectives

• Yet to be an overarching theory of KM; though it has Yet to be an overarching theory of KM; though it has been researched by many notable authors including been researched by many notable authors including Drucker, Senge, Rogers, & AlllenDrucker, Senge, Rogers, & Alllen

• Fun note: estimated that process of getting most value out of Fun note: estimated that process of getting most value out of KM is 20% technical (the right hardware & software) and 80% KM is 20% technical (the right hardware & software) and 80% cultural (leadership behavior, type of learning valued, informal cultural (leadership behavior, type of learning valued, informal company culture, how mistakes are handled, etc.)*company culture, how mistakes are handled, etc.)*

(*Dr. Nancy C. Shaw via ICASIT 2006)(*Dr. Nancy C. Shaw via ICASIT 2006)

DSpaceDSpace

DSpace is a groundbreaking digital repository DSpace is a groundbreaking digital repository system that captures, stores, indexes, preserves, system that captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and redistributes organizations research data.and redistributes organizations research data.

It was created by MIT and the Hewlett-Packard It was created by MIT and the Hewlett-Packard libraries to perform a variety of archiving needs.libraries to perform a variety of archiving needs.

DSpace runs on a LINUX or UNIX operating DSpace runs on a LINUX or UNIX operating system.system.

(MIT libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company 2002-2006, Dspace)(MIT libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company 2002-2006, Dspace)

DSpace DiagramDSpace Diagram

http://dspace.org/introduction/dspacehttp://dspace.org/introduction/dspace-diagram.pdf-diagram.pdf

DSpace- Documents & ProcessesDSpace- Documents & Processes

UsesUses Institutional Repositories Institutional Repositories

(IRS)(IRS) Learning Object Learning Object

Repositories (LORS)Repositories (LORS) eThesiseThesis Electronic Records Electronic Records

Management (ERM)Management (ERM) Digital PreservationDigital Preservation PublishingPublishing ……and Moreand More

Information TypesInformation Types Articles and ReprintsArticles and Reprints Technical ReportsTechnical Reports Working PapersWorking Papers Conference PapersConference Papers E-thesisE-thesis Data Sets (statistical, Data Sets (statistical,

geospatial…)geospatial…) Images (Visual & Scientific)Images (Visual & Scientific) Audio and Video FilesAudio and Video Files Reformatted Digital Library Reformatted Digital Library

CollectionsCollections

(MIT libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company 2002-2006, DSpace)(MIT libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company 2002-2006, DSpace)

OSU Library & DSpaceOSU Library & DSpace

DSpace at OSU is used as a tool in a suite of DSpace at OSU is used as a tool in a suite of OSU’s Digital Library tools. This institutional OSU’s Digital Library tools. This institutional repository provides reliable means for faculty repository provides reliable means for faculty members and students to store and access their members and students to store and access their research and teaching output, and for the research and teaching output, and for the institution to maintain their records.institution to maintain their records.

It is used to capture, store, index and preserve, It is used to capture, store, index and preserve, intellectual output. You can then redistribute your intellectual output. You can then redistribute your work according to your wishes. DSpace insures work according to your wishes. DSpace insures longevity of stored files and relives you of having longevity of stored files and relives you of having to maintain your digital publications.to maintain your digital publications.

(Oregon State University 2005)

OSU Library & DSpaceOSU Library & DSpace

Information Information TypesTypes

Conference PapersConference Papers Data SetsData Sets Thesis & DissertationsThesis & Dissertations Technical ReportsTechnical Reports Journal Articles and Journal Articles and

Pre-PrintsPre-Prints Course MaterialCourse Material PresentationsPresentations Images…etcImages…etc

CommunitiesCommunities Communities can be Communities can be

divided up into;divided up into;

1.1. Faculty MembersFaculty Members

2.2. DepartmentsDepartments

3.3. Research GroupsResearch Groups

4.4. ProgramsPrograms

5.5. StaffStaff

6.6. Students… etcStudents… etc

(Oregon State University 2005)

Digital Library & NSDLDigital Library & NSDL

A digital Library is a coherent, organized A digital Library is a coherent, organized collection of resources, usually collection of resources, usually accessible via the internet. accessible via the internet.

It may appear to be a single entity, but it It may appear to be a single entity, but it often searches many libraries or often searches many libraries or information services to present a unified information services to present a unified view of a topic for the end user. view of a topic for the end user.

The information does not have to be born The information does not have to be born digital it can be converted into electronic digital it can be converted into electronic format. format.

(National Science Foundation, 2006)

National Scientific Digital Library National Scientific Digital Library (NSDL)(NSDL)

NSDL was created by the National Science NSDL was created by the National Science Foundation to Provide access to high Foundation to Provide access to high quality resources and tools that support quality resources and tools that support innovations in teaching and learning at all innovations in teaching and learning at all levels of science, technology engineering levels of science, technology engineering and math education.and math education.

Began funding in 1995, and was online by Began funding in 1995, and was online by 2000. It was a way to pick out the useful 2000. It was a way to pick out the useful and credible information from the large and credible information from the large amounts of information on the web.amounts of information on the web.

(National Science Foundation, 2006)

NSDLNSDL Digital Libraries are created using tools such as Digital Libraries are created using tools such as

DSpace. DSpace.

Digital Libraries offer a selection from many Digital Libraries offer a selection from many different types of media. This includes anything different types of media. This includes anything from simple text documents to audio and video from simple text documents to audio and video files.files.

NSDL has over 400 unique collections and is NSDL has over 400 unique collections and is growing every daygrowing every day

All levels of education can use digital libraries, All levels of education can use digital libraries, from k-12 to scholars and life long learners.from k-12 to scholars and life long learners.

(National Science Foundation, 2006)

Business & KMBusiness & KM 81% of the leading European and U.S. companies 81% of the leading European and U.S. companies

are utilizing some form of KM (Grossman)are utilizing some form of KM (Grossman) Chief Knowledge Officers (CKO)Chief Knowledge Officers (CKO)

-A new top level corporate job function to manage -A new top level corporate job function to manage organizational knowledge resources as part of organizational knowledge resources as part of overall corporate strategyoverall corporate strategy

By 2001, enterprises that lack ongoing KM By 2001, enterprises that lack ongoing KM infrastructure will lag KM-enabled competitors by infrastructure will lag KM-enabled competitors by 30-40% in speed of deployment for new 30-40% in speed of deployment for new competitive programs and productscompetitive programs and products

(Gartner Group) (Gartner Group) Intangible AssetIntangible Asset

Ten Ways to Integrate KM Ten Ways to Integrate KM Build Strategy- Competitive advantageBuild Strategy- Competitive advantage Define & communicate knowledge performance-How to Define & communicate knowledge performance-How to

create value and make moneycreate value and make money Identify key knowledge positionsIdentify key knowledge positions Develop knowledge –sharing proficienciesDevelop knowledge –sharing proficiencies Reward knowledge –sharing behaviorReward knowledge –sharing behavior Don’t obsess with tacit knowledge- can’t capture everythingDon’t obsess with tacit knowledge- can’t capture everything Capture best-practicesCapture best-practices Encourage networking & respect communities- Face-to-face Encourage networking & respect communities- Face-to-face

or team meetingsor team meetings Map Knowledge- So people can find infoMap Knowledge- So people can find info Make it PolicyMake it Policy

Global Development Research Center

How firms use KMHow firms use KM

What makes KM work in a company?What makes KM work in a company?- Aligning the system with the - Aligning the system with the demands and needs of the companydemands and needs of the companyExample: Company CultureExample: Company Culture

Sustainable, repeatable, and Sustainable, repeatable, and measurable frameworkmeasurable framework

DifferentiationDifferentiation- Knowledge Management is different - Knowledge Management is different thing to different businessesthing to different businesses

KM & KM & Your FutureYour Future KM, for example DSpace at the OSU library, is KM, for example DSpace at the OSU library, is

available to us now to aid in our educationavailable to us now to aid in our education We are all likely to use & benefit from DL We are all likely to use & benefit from DL

technology in our careers technology in our careers not confined to the not confined to the MIS fieldMIS field

Rapid growth in the number of firms using KM Rapid growth in the number of firms using KM systems; seeing knowledge as a sustainable systems; seeing knowledge as a sustainable competitive advantagecompetitive advantage

And remember….And remember….““Knowledge is Power” Knowledge is Power”

BibliographyBibliography Global Development Research Center, Information Sphere: KM, Retrieved

February 21, 2006 from http://www.gdrc.org/kmgmt/index.html International Center for Applied Studies in Information Technology, KM

Central, Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http://www.icasit.org/km/ Knowledge Praxis, What is Knowledge Management, Barclay, R., Murray,

Philip, Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http://www.media-access.com/whatis.html#categorization

MIT Libraries. (January, 2003). D-Lib Magazine: DSpace. Retrieved February 19th, 2006 from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january03/smith/01smith.html

MIT libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company 2002-2006. (February, 2006). DSpace. Retrieved February 17th, 2006 from http://dspace.org/

National Science Foundation. (2006). The national Science Digital Library. Retrieved February 17th, 2006 from http://nsdl.org/resources_for/first_time_users/index.php

Oregon State University 2005. (march 2005). DSpace @ OSU. Retrieved February 17th, 2006 from http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/dspace/index.jsp

Grossman, Martin. An Overview of knowledge management assessment approaches. Journal of American Academy of Business. Vol. 8,num. 2, March 2006