knisely ret poster_

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Drinking water & Lead Contamina2on Kari Knisely 1 , Aus2n Atkins 2 , Jeff Cunningham 3 1. Sligh Middle School; 2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida 3. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida For more informa+on about the program visit: h5p://wareret.net . The Water Awareness Research and Educa+on (WARE) Research Experience for Teachers (RET) is funded by the Na+onal Science Founda+on under award number 1200682. Abstract Objec2ve Background Approach Results References Conclusions While traveling to Madagascar, USF iden+fied a major health risk for the residents of the under developed third world country. The most common source currently used in most villages to retrieve drinking water is being made out of melted lead. The assump+on is that the level of lead found in their drinking water pumped from these units contain an unhealthy concentra+on of lead posing even more serious health risks to the country already struggling to survive many water borne illnesses. USF is seeking to iden+fy which method would be most efficient yet effec+ve to use in the field where electricity is usually not available. To compare results given by 3 different methods on the 7 different lead concentra+on levels in drinking water and conclude which method is most effec+ve to be used in the field in Madagascar. Standard Levels Method 1 AA Method 2 ASV Method 3 Field Kit Colorimeter w/ HACH Chemicals Method 3 Field Kit – Colorimeter w/ Leadquick Chemicals 1 mg/L TBA Not in range Not a5empted Not aWempted 150 μg/L TBA Not in range 123 100, 55, 75 100 μg/L TBA 95 Not a5empted 63, 55, 43 50 μg/L TBA 44, 42, 49, 44 30 34, 29, 32 10 μg/L TBA 7, 3 Not a5empted <3, <3, <3 5 μg/L TBA 6, 5 Not a5empted <3, <3, <3 2 μg/L TBA 14, 20 Not a5empted Not aWempted 0 μg/L TBA 48, 14 Not a5empted <3, <3, <3 7 Concentra+on Levels made to be tested 1 mg/L 150 μg/L 100 μg/L 50 μg/L 10 μg/L 5 μg/L 1 μg/L In Madagascar only 47% of the popula+on has access to clean drinking water. In the Eastern part of the island, local ar+sans dig shallow drinking water wells and install locally manufactured pumps. Lead from old ba5eries is used for various parts of these pump systems as floats and as solder on the screen in contact with the water. Preliminary sampling of wells in 2010 and analysis for lead using ICP MS at the University of South Florida (USF) indicated that there were some wells with lead levels above safe limits of 10 ug/L as set by the World Health Organiza+on. Through the Master’s Interna+onal program in Civil and Environmental Engineering at USF, our team currently has a member on the ground in Madagascar who wishes to test these levels in the field. This research compared the effec+veness of different analy+cal methods to measure the level of lead contamina+on in drinking water. The mobile/portable analy+cal methods include Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) and Colorimetry with various reagents for color development. Analysis via lab based methods like the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorp+on Spectroscopy (GFAAS) were used to compare with the field based kits. The results from this work will be used to iden+fy the most suitable method of analysis for field measurements of lead in drinking water in Madagascar. 3 Methods tested 1. Atomic Absorp+on Spectroscopy (AAS) 2. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) 3. Field Kit Colorimeter The AA requires electricity, gas, and is not a mobile method The ASV was extremely self explanatory, accurate, the fastest method, lightweight and mobile requiring 4 AA ba5eries The Colorimeter was not consistent in its readings, the chemical tes+ng process was extremely complicated and +me consuming, but was very lightweight and mobile requiring ba5eries. The table below demonstrates the readings each method displayed each 5me it was tested. The closer to the standard the more accurate the test. All photos taken from google images or personal camera Aker researching the different methods displayed in the table, the ASV has proven to be consistent in its results while the Colorimetry methods have been very inconsistent. The Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), clearly is the best and most reliable method for accurate readings of lead contamina+ons less than 100 μg/L. It is unclear at this +me, what method is most accurate and recommended for concentra+on levels over 100 μg/L, but will con+nue to be researched. The ASV is lightweight, easy to use, and does not require electricity as well as fairly accurate when used to test the lead levels in the standards. At this +me, it will be recommended that USF select the ASV as the measurement method to be used in the field in Madagascar to measure the lead concentra+on levels in the drinking water supplies.

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Page 1: Knisely ret poster_

Drinking  water  &  Lead  Contamina2on  Kari  Knisely1,  Aus2n  Atkins2,  Jeff  Cunningham3  

1.  Sligh  Middle  School;  2.  Department  of  Civil  &  Environmental  Engineering,  University  of  South  Florida  3.  Department  of  Civil  &  Environmental  Engineering,  University  of  South  Florida  

For  more  informa+on  about  the  program  visit:  h5p://wareret.net.    The  Water  Awareness  Research  and  Educa+on  (WARE)  Research  Experience  for  Teachers  (RET)  is  funded  by  the  Na+onal  Science  Founda+on  under  award  number  1200682.    

Abstract  

Objec2ve  

Background  

Approach  

Results  

References  

Conclusions  

While  traveling  to  Madagascar,  USF  iden+fied  a  major  health  risk  for  the  residents  of  the  under  developed  third  world  country.  The  most  common  source  currently  used  in  most  villages  to  retrieve  drinking  water  is  being  made  out  of  melted  lead.    The  assump+on  is  that  the  level  of  lead  found  in  their  drinking  water  pumped  from  these  units  contain  an  unhealthy  concentra+on  of  lead  posing  even  more  serious  health  risks  to  the  country  already  struggling  to  survive  many  water  borne  illnesses.    USF  is  seeking  to  iden+fy  which  method  would  be  most  efficient  yet  effec+ve  to  use  in  the  field  where  electricity  is  usually  not  available.  

To  compare  results  given  by  3  different  methods  on  the  7  different  lead  concentra+on  levels  in  drinking  water  and  conclude  which  method  is  most  effec+ve  to  be  used  in  the  field  in  Madagascar.  

Standard    Levels  

Method  1    AA  

Method  2  ASV  

Method  3  Field  Kit-­‐  Colorimeter  w/  HACH  Chemicals    

Method  3  Field  Kit  –  Colorimeter  w/  Leadquick  Chemicals  

1  mg/L   TBA   Not  in  range   Not  a5empted   Not  aWempted  150  μg/L   TBA   Not  in  range   123   100,  55,  75  100  μg/L     TBA   95   Not  a5empted   63,  55,  43  50  μg/L   TBA   44,  42,  49,  44   30   34,  29,  32  10  μg/L   TBA   7,  3   Not  a5empted   <3,  <3,  <3  5  μg/L   TBA   6,  5   Not  a5empted   <3,  <3,  <3  2  μg/L   TBA   14,  20   Not  a5empted   Not  aWempted  0  μg/L   TBA   48,  14   Not  a5empted   <3,  <3,  <3  

7  Concentra+on  Levels  made  to  be  tested  •  1  mg/L  •  150  μg/L  •  100  μg/L  •  50  μg/L  •  10  μg/L  •  5  μg/L  •  1  μg/L  

In  Madagascar  only  47%  of  the  popula+on  has  access  to  clean  drinking  water.  In  the  Eastern  part  of  the  island,  local  ar+sans  dig  shallow  drinking  water  wells  and  install  locally  manufactured  pumps.  Lead  from  old  ba5eries  is  used  for  various  parts  of  these  pump  systems  as  floats  and  as  solder  on  the  screen  in  contact  with  the  water.  Preliminary  sampling  of  wells  in  2010  and  analysis  for  lead  using  ICP-­‐MS  at  the  University  of  South  Florida  (USF)  indicated  that  there  were  some  wells  with  lead  levels  above  safe  limits  of  10  ug/L  as  set  by  the  World  Health  Organiza+on.  Through  the  Master’s  Interna+onal  program  in  Civil  and  Environmental  Engineering  at  USF,  our  team  currently  has  a  member  on  the  ground  in  Madagascar  who  wishes  to  test  these  levels  in  the  field.  This  research  compared  the  effec+veness  of  different  analy+cal  methods  to  measure  the  level  of  lead  contamina+on  in  drinking  water.    The  mobile/portable  analy+cal  methods  include  Anodic  Stripping  Voltammetry  (ASV)  and  Colorimetry  with  various  reagents  for  color  development.  Analysis  via  lab  based  methods  like  the  Graphite  Furnace  Atomic  Absorp+on  Spectroscopy  (GFAAS)  were  used  to  compare  with  the  field  based  kits.  The  results  from  this  work  will  be  used  to  iden+fy  the  most  suitable  method  of  analysis  for  field  measurements  of  lead  in  drinking  water  in  Madagascar.    

3  Methods  tested  1.  Atomic  Absorp+on  Spectroscopy  (AAS)  2.  Anodic  Stripping  Voltammetry  (ASV)  3.  Field  Kit  -­‐  Colorimeter  

u  The  AA  requires  electricity,  gas,  and  is  not  a  mobile  method  u  The  ASV  was  extremely  self  explanatory,  accurate,  the  fastest  

method,  lightweight  and  mobile  requiring  4  AA  ba5eries  u  The  Colorimeter  was  not  consistent  in  its  readings,  the  chemical  

tes+ng  process  was  extremely  complicated  and  +me  consuming,  but  was  very  lightweight  and  mobile  requiring  ba5eries.      

 The  table  below  demonstrates  the  readings  each  method  displayed  each  5me  it  was  tested.    The  closer  to  the  standard  the  more  accurate  the  test.  

u  All  photos  taken  from  google  images  or  personal  camera  

 

Aker  researching  the  different  methods  displayed  in  the  table,  the  ASV  has  proven  to  be  consistent  in  its  results  while  the  Colorimetry  methods  have  been  very  inconsistent.        The  Anodic  Stripping  Voltammetry  (ASV),  clearly  is  the  best  and  most  reliable  method  for  accurate  readings  of  lead  contamina+ons  less  than  100  μg/L.    It  is  unclear  at  this  +me,  what  method  is  most  accurate  and  recommended  for  concentra+on  levels  over  100  μg/L,  but  will  con+nue  to  be  researched.    The  ASV  is  lightweight,  easy  to  use,  and  does  not  require  electricity  as  well  as  fairly  accurate  when  used  to  test  the  lead  levels  in  the  standards.        At  this  +me,  it  will  be  recommended  that  USF  select  the  ASV  as  the  measurement  method  to  be  used  in  the  field  in  Madagascar  to  measure  the  lead  concentra+on  levels  in  the  drinking  water  supplies.