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(Legal Code) .
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LED
A Study on the Design of a High Power LED Searchlight

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2013 12

2.1 ········································································································4
3 ························································11
3.1 ······································································································11
3.1.1 ····················································································12
3.1.2 ····················································································20
4 ························································28
4.1 ·······················································································28
·············································································38
- iii -
3.1 ···················································································12
3.2 ·······················································································12
3.3 LED ········································································14
3.4 LED ········································································16
3.5 LED ············································································17
3.6 ·············································································17
3.7 LED - ················································19
3.8 LED - ····················································19
3.9 LED - ················································20
3.10 1 ···············································································23
3.11 2 ···············································································23
3.12 1 ·······································································24
3.13 2 ·······································································24
3.14 ···················································································25
3.15 SMPS ···············································································26
3.16 LED ··························································27
4.1 ···············································································30
4.2 ·········································································31
4.3 ···························································································32
4.4 ···············································································32
- iv -
< >
2.5 ·················································································10
3.1 LED ········································································16
3.2 ·········································································22
3.3 ···················································································22
4.1 LED ··························································28
4.2 ·············································································33
- v -
A Study on the Design of a High Power LED Searchlight
by Se-J in, Kim
The Graduate School of Korea Maritime and Ocean University
Busan, Republic of Korea
Abstract
This thesis dealt with the design of a high power LED searchlight
to replace a conventional searchlight with 1 kW halogen lamps. The
design specification follows KDS 6230-1046-1 and KS V 8469. An
LED package and a lens with the beam angle of 6 were used to meet
the center luminous intensity of 800,000 cd specified in KS V standard.
Heat sink was selected by a simulation because the optical power
and the life span of LED changes depending on the heat amount. The
heat dissipation of a prototype LED searchlight improved the durability
as it is made with air cooling type using natural convection instead of
using the fan or heat-pipe.
As a result of the test, the power consumption of a prototype LED
searchlight (150W) was saved by 85% compared to the halogen lamp
searchlight (1kW). The center luminous intensity was 945,000 cd,
- vi -
satisfying KS V 8469 and the luminous efficacy was improved by 4.7
times compared to that of conventional searchlights.
Also, the beam angle, the color temperature, and the color rendering
were measured 5.4°, 5,500 K, and 70, respectively. The surface
temperature of a prototype LED searchlight (below 60) and the
surrounding temperature of the SMPS (below 50) satisfied KS C
IEC 60092-306.


.
2007 8 (G8) ,
[1]. 130
, 2010
, 2012
9 . , ,
[2],[3].
LED(Light Emitting Diode)
. LED
(35,000 )
. ,
20%, 40%
. 2008 12 , 2014
, . , 2020 LED
60% 500 MW ‘LED
20/60 ’ LED
2011 'LED · ' [4-10].
LED 3∼5
50∼150% .
- 2 -
Fig. 1.1 Trend of LED lighting industry
1.1 LED
. LED
, .
(IMO) EEOI(Energy Efficiency Operational
Indicator) EEDI(Energy Efficiency
Design Index)
LED
. 2012,
ATS-2() LED ,
LED
[11],[12].
- 3 -

LED LED
.
. 2 KS V 8469, KDS
6230-1046-1 ,
. 3
, . 4 LED
,
.
2.1
,
. , ·
, .
, ,

[13]. (Searchlight) ,


. ,

(Bridge wing) . 2.1 2.2
(Halogen lamp) (Xenon lamp)
.
Fig. 2.1 Searchlight of halogen lamp
- 5 -
Fig. 2.2 Searchlight of xenon lamp

.
, 1∼5 kW
.

. ,
,
.
LED
.

. 2.1 [14],[15].
- 6 -
[W]
Halogen 57 30 90 3,000
Xenon 40 30 90 2,000
LED 10.5 100 80 35,000
LED 35 ,
12
. , 6.6,
3.3 . CRI( : Color Rendering
Index)
CRI 100 . ,
LED 80 · .
, LED
, ,
, .
1 kW
LED

.
2.2
LED
.
KDS 6230-1046-1 1 kW 12 KS
V 8469 [16],[17].
2.2 . 12
, 1 kW . ,
KS V 8469 .
2.2
[W] [V]
C 20 500

. LED KS 1 kW
- 8 -
800,000 cd(500,000 cd in KDS) .
10% , 720,000 cd (450,000 cd in KDS)
. ,
(International Protection=IP) IP56 .
,
. ,
(IP)
.
‘5’
.
‘6’

. , ,
IP56 [18],[19].

.
.
2.4 . 2.3
. 2.1
LED
.


(0° )
(KDS 5.0 × 105 cd)
3 kW 4.0 × 106 cd
IP56
180°
2.4
1 kW 1 kW

30 lm/W 35 lm/W
IP56
90
- 10 -
, KS V 8469
10%
2.5 .
2.5
Table 2.5 Measurement distance of illumination
[m]
20 10
30 15
X 50 70
LED KS V 8469 30
, ,
KS C IEC 61000-3-2 ,
.
LED
,
.

. ,
. 2 .
1) 1 (First optic system) : , , LED
2) 2 (Secondary optic system) : , ,

. ,
.
. ,

. LED
3.1, 3.2 2 .

LED .
- 12 -
3.2
3.1.1
. 1
, 2 , ,
.
LED
- 13 -
.
2.3 .
r
r2 s
. , 1sr()
. , LED
lm() .

.
.
· (3.1)
Φ , I , ω . ,

.
(3.2)

. LED
. 3.3 LED .
- 14 -
Fig. 3.3 Principle of LED solid angle
B r2 .
(3.3) .
⇒

(3.4) .
cos
(3.4)
, 2 , (3.3)
.
- 15 -
cos
ω 2
(3.6) .
cos (3.6)
·cos (3.7)
Φ
2 I
[20]. LED , 800,000 cd
6° 6,888 lm .
1 2 LED
LED ,
31 .
3.1 .
Table 3.1 Specification of LED package

XP-G2 5,000 70 338(458) 3.05(3.10) 115 (FWHM)
LED 5,000 K , 70, 458
lm(1,500 mA) FWHM 115° .
FWHM(Full width at half maximum)
50%
. LED SMD
PCB
. 3.4
LED .
Fig. 3.4 Structure of the LED package
- 17 -

. , LED ,
LED
6,888 lm KS
800,000 cd 6°
, 3.5, 3.6 .
3.5 LED
Fig. 3.5 Lens for LED searchlight
3.6
Fig. 3.6 Luminous distribution of the lens
- 18 -
LED .

(Constant voltage driving type) (Constant current
driving type) . ,
LED
. LED , LED
,
.
LED
. , LED
.
LED (I) (Po) (V)
3.7 3.8 .
LED LED 31 .
LED
. 1 LED 700
mA 2.9 V, 1,400 mA 3.1 V. LED 31
96 V 3.2
100 V . 3.7
,
3.8 1,400 mA .
- 19 -
Fig. 3.7 I-Po curve of the LED package
3.8 LED -
Fig. 3.8 I-V curve of the LED package
- 20 -
LED ,
,
. LED
3.9 .
3.9 LED -
Fig. 3.9 T-Po curve of the LED package
LED
.
LED
LED . , LED
3 .
- 21 -
3) ,
LED
.
(3.8) [21].
(3.8)
. , 3

.

[22].
,
LED
[23],[24]. LED 35,000
LED 80 . KS C 60092-306

, 60, 50
. .
- 22 -
3.2 ,
3.3 .
3.2
Table 3.2 Design factors of the heat sink
[W/m·k] [mm]
<L × W × H>
100 210.0 × 210.0 × 45.0
PCB 105 305.0 × 305.0 × 2.5
LED (Solder) 65 3.3 × 1.3 × 0.18
25 5W/ .
,
.
3.3
. ,
. Geome
-try 1 2 ,
3.10∼ 3.13 .
3.3
Table 3.3 Size of the heat sink
[mm] [mm] [mm]
1 45 5 15
2 45 3 10
- 23 -
Fig. 3.10 Design of model 1
3.11 2
Fig. 3.11 Design of model 2
- 24 -
Fig. 3.12 Simulation of model 1
3.13 2
Fig. 3.13 Simulation of model 2
- 25 -
45.3 , 2
62.6, 33.4. 1 8.1
∼11.9 2
.
LED
2 .
W/m·k , (Thermal
grease) PCB .
3.14
- 26 -
LED
[25]. LED 31
.
SMPS (Switching mode power supply)
100∼ 277 VAC, 142 VDC, 1,400 mA
.
1 kW .


. SMPS
.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig. 3.16 Photograph of the prototype LED searchlight
- 28 -
LED
,
. (KOLAS)
,
.
4.1
LED ,
4.1 . 219.9 VAC 707 mA
96.7 VDC 1,400 mA . 148.1 W
1 kW 85.1% .
4.1 LED
Table 4.1 Electrical characteristics of the LED searchlight

[W]
148.1 0.95
1 kW .
x, y, z r, θ, φ x, y, z

. 4.1
. 0.01° ,
[26]. θ 5°, φ 10° ,
2 .
(a)
4.1
Fig. 4.1 Goniophotometer system
4.2 (a) 1 kW
. 390,000 cd . KS 8469
800,0000 cd 50%
KS
.
4.2 (b) LED ,
945,000 cd KS 14%
. ,
LED 5.4°
.
. 4.3
, 4.4 .
- 31 -
Fig. 4.2 Illumination distribution of searchlights
- 32 -
Table 4.2 Comparison of optical characteristics
LED
[cd] 800,000
[lm/W] - 18.3 86.9
[°] 6 12
4.2 . LED
945,000 cd 18%
2.4 . 5.4°,
5,500 K, 12,877 lm, 86.9 lm/W
68.6 lm/W . 70
, 0.95 ,
.
KS C IEC 60092-306 LED
60 , SMPS 50
. K (Thermocouple)
(Thermocouple data logger) ,
4.5 .
(a)
5 2 , LED
48,3, SMPS 34.1 KS C IEC
60092-306 4.6 .
4.6
- 36 -
5
1 kW
LED
. LED
. LED
, LED
. ,
,
.
LED
, ,
, .
1. LED 148.1 W 1 kW
85% .
2. 49% ,
LED 945,000 cd KS 8469
2.4 86.9 lm/W
4.7 . , 5.4°, 5,500 K 70
.
- 37 -
3. 48.3, SMPS 34.1
KS C IEC 60092-306 .

LED 85% 4.7
. , , LED

IP56 LED
.

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, 2012
, 2010
[5] , “ LED ”, KIET ,
2009
[6] “LED ”, , 2012
[7] , “ LED ”,
, 2008
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[11] , “ESCO ”, , 2000
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pp.107-109, 2010
[13] , , “ LED ”,
, Vol.7, pp.22-24, 2012
[14] Y.K. Cheng, K.W.E. Cheng, “General study for using LED to replace
traditional lighting devices”, `06 2nd International Conference on
- 39 -
[15] , , , , , , , ,
, “ ”, ·
, Vol.5, p.89, 2010
2010
, , 2012
[19] KS C IEC 605299 (IP ),
, 2006
[20] , “ LED ”, ,
, pp.13-15, 2012
[21] Kraus, Allan D. and Bar-Cohen, Avram, “Design and analysis of
heat sinks”, Wiley, p.64, 2005
[22] , “
”, SMT-PACKING Focus, pp.91-96, 2010
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, p.77-78, 2012
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, pp.26-27, 2009
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, pp.75-80, 2012

Abstract
2.1
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
4.1
4.2
4.3