?kj fqj ,d v¡/ksjs esa mwc tk,xk lc lks tk,axs ym+fd;k...

^^ckcwth ph[ksaxs& lc rqEgkjk fcxkM+k gqvk gS !

?kj fQj ,d v¡/ksjs esa Mwc tk,xk lc lks tk,axs

yM+fd;k¡ ?kwjsaxh v¡/ksjs esa [kfV;k ij fpÙk ysVh gqbZa

vEek dh yEch lk¡lsa lqurha bartkj djrh gqbZa

fd vHkh os vkdj mudk flj lgyk,axh** & dkR;k;uh

¼v½ chloha 'krkCnh ds vafre nks n’kd ds çeq[k dfo vkSj mudh yEch dfork,¡

çeq[k dfo& nsoh çlkn feJ] cksf/klRo] ,dkar JhokLro] ykYVw] fouksn nkl] vfuy dqekj flag] uhys'k j?kqoa'kh] dqekj vEcqt] vuhrk oekZ] dkR;k;uh vkfn

¼c½ fparu –f"V

• ekDlZokn cuke mÙkj&vk/kqfudrk

¼l½ jpuk&fo/kku

• feFkd] çrhd] fcEc] ukVdh;rk] folaxfr] foMacuk] ruko] Qarklh] Hkk"kk

Estelar

260

¼v½ chloha 'krkCnh ds vafre nks n’kd ds çeq[k dfo vkSj mudh yEch dfork,¡

bl v/;k; esa nsoh çlkn feJ dh yEch dfork ^futkeqíhu*] vkSj ôs eqlyeku Fks*] cksf/klRo dh yEch dfork îkxynkl*] dqekj vacqt dh yEch dfork ^[kkuk cukrh fL=;k¡*] fouksn nkl dh yEch dfork ^;qok* vkSj ^lk¡l jksd dj ;kn djks Hkksiky dks*] dkR;k;uh dh yEch dfork ^gkWdh [ksyrh gqbZa yMfd;k¡*] vfuy dqekj flag dh yEch dfork ^v;ks/;k*] ykYVw dh yEch dfork ^çyki*] uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh yEch dfork ^yksx dgrs gaS*] ,dkar JhokLro dh yEch dfork ûkxdslj dk ns'k ;g*] vuhrk oekZ dh yEch dfork ôku x‚x ds vfUre vkRefp= ls ckrphr* dk ewY;kadu gSA

nsoh çlkn feJ dh yEch dfork ^futkeqíhu* nsoh çlkn gekjs le; ds egRoiw.kZ dfo gSaA mudh jpukvksa esa [k+Re gksrh

xaxtequh ijaijkvksa dh ph[k lkQ lquh tk ldrh gSA mudh nwljh dfork ôs eqlyoku Fks* Hkh blh rjg dh dfork gSA Hkys gh] ,sfrgkfld :i vkSj bfrgkl cks/k ds :i esa ;g jpuk detksj gS ij Hkkoqdrk ds lkFk ;g vketu ls tqM+rh gSA nsoh çlkn dh dfork,¡ ,slh gSa ftUgsa i<+rs gq;s vke ikBd viuk i{k [kqn r; djrs gaS ;kfu mudh dfork esa vkxzg ls T;knk mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ncko gS tgk¡ ij igq¡pdj ikBd dks viuk i{k r; djuk iM+rk gSA nsoh izlkn dh ;g yEch dfork f'kYi] jpuk&fo/kku vkSj fopkj ds Hk;kog eqBHksM+ ls çLQqfVr dfork gSA dfork dk vkjaHk ,d ,slh txg gksrk gS tgk¡ dfo ,d lqulku xyh esa tk jgk gSA ,d xk; vkSj ,d vkSjr gS vkSj muds chp ls ,d iqfyl okyk fudy jgk gS tks mu ij ut+j j[k jgk gSA lkeus ls ,d cPpk irax mM+krk gqvk fudy x;k gSA dfork dh dgu vkSj x<+ar ds fygkt ls dfo us bl dfork ds Hkhrj gekjs }kjk iwoZ ewY;kafdr yEch dforkvksa dh dbZ 'kSfy;k¡ ,d lkFk ç;ksx dh gSaA

^baVjO;w* ftls eaxys'k Mcjky ^DUl;kl dhij^ dgdj ç;ksx djrs gaS viuh dfork ^xqtjkr naxs esa ekjs x;s e`rd ds c;ku esa* og 'kSyh Hkh bl dfork esa fn[krh gSA ,d rjg ls dfo vius bfrgkl ls ut+j feykrk gqvk mldks pqukSrh nsrk gS vkSj orZeku dk ladV Hkh dfork ds Hkhrj xgjkrk tkrk gS ftleas mÙkj&vk/kqfud gksrs le; esa fopkj dh lkoZHkkSfedrk dk loky gSA dfo bl loky ls Hkh Vdjkrk gqvk ut+j vkrk gS tc og dgrk gS fd vkt

Estelar

261

vafre ckj eSa vkidks yky jax dh irax ds lkFk feyw¡xk vkSj fQj ml irax dks vkleku esa NksM+ nwaxkA dfo dh viuh vkLFkk gS fd og mls vkdk'k esa NksM+uk pkgrk gS ojuk QkM+ Hkh ldrk FkkA bldh otgsa Hkh gSaA Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa vHkh tgk¡ ,d iwjh ih<+h] ,d iwjh nqfu;k 'kksf"kr gS vkSj ihfM+r gSa] ogk¡ ij vk/kqfud gksus esa gh mUgsa ,d cM+k le; yxsxkA rc ;g ckr vkSj lkfcr gksrh gS fd irax vkdk'k esa D;ksa mM+kbZ tk,A ijpe dh rjg bl vksj dfo dk ladsr gSA bl vkdk'k esa irax mM+kus ds ihNs iqu% ml fopkj dh lkoZHkkSfedrk dh çfr"Bk vkSj ifjektZu dh ckr mBkrs gSaA dfork dh 'kq#vkr bl rjg ls gksrh gS& iryh lh xyh esa xk; vkSj mldh cxy ls ,d vkSjr ,d nwljs@dks yxHkx Nwrs gq, xqtj tk jgs gSa vkSj nksuksa gh ds isV esa cPpk gS@ vkSj nksuksa gh Fkds gq, gSa vkSj nksuksa esa ls fdlh dks ?kj igqapus@dh tYnh ugha gS vkSj bu nksuksa ds chp ls ,d vkneh fudy jgk gS ftlds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd og iqfyl dk vkneh gS@vkSj yksxksa ij fuxkg j[kus dk dke djrk gS vkSj bu rhuksa ds@cxy ls iraxksa dks ysdj rsth ds lkFk ,d yM+dk fudyk vkSj@fQj cqdsZ esa ,d vkSjr lkeus ls vkrh gqbZ fn[kh ftlds ikl;s lgwfy;r rks gS gh fd og ftl rjg ls pkgs jks ys ;k fdrus@Hkh okfg;kr rjhds ls gal ysA xyh esa cgknqj 'kkg tQj dks@fxj¶rkj fd;s tkus dh [kcj u;h tSlh gh gS vkSj mruh gh u;h@gS ce@/kekds ds ekeys esa ,d vkneh dh fxj¶rkjh dh [kcjA dksus ds jsLrjka esa ,d vkneh ,d est ij dksguh j[k dj cSBkgS@ftldk vkeysV mlds lkeus iM+k gSA BaMk vkSj [k+Re bldk@irk gks ldrk gS de dks gks fd ,d lqjax [kksnh x;h gS ftlls@gksdj yksx xqtjkr ls futkeqíhu vk;k tk;k djrs gSaA ;g lqjax vanj gh vanj [kksus vkSj gksus dh rjg jgh gSA dbZ vQokgsa jgh gSa@futkeqíhu ds ckjs esaA1

fu%lansg nsoh çlkn feJ dh bl dfork dks ^os eqlyeku Fks* ds fodkl Øe esa ns[k ldrs gSaA bl dfork esa eqfLye ijaijk dks nsoh çlkn us Bhd :i ls O;k[;kf;r fd;k gS tcfd bl dfork dh Hkh viuh folaxfr;k¡ gSa] dqN oSpkfjd vkSj dqN bfrgkl cks/k ls lacaf/krA fQj Hkh] gksy&lsy esa bl dfork dk ewY;kadu ,d iwjh ijaijk ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gS] tgk¡ ij mudh dfork ^os eqlyeku Fks* esa bfrgkl cks/k vkSj dfork ds lgt y; ds brj dsoy

Estelar

262

Hkkoqd vkyki Hkj fn[krk gS vkSj lgkuqHkwfr Hkj fn[krh gS ysfdu ^futkeqíhu* esa nsoh çlkn us bl deh dks iwjk fd;k gS vkSj ,d lgtrk bl dfork esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA iwjh ijaijk dks dfork cM+s gh lh/ks gkFk ls foæwirk] folaxfr] foMEcuk] 'kks"k.k] neu ds lkFk&lkFk mudh iwjh ijaijk dks bafxr djrh gSA cl] vki fefy, vkSj@f'kuk[r ds fy, crk nwa fd pk; dh nqdku esa eSa yky jax dh irax ysdj feywaxk tks@bl jax ls esjk vkf[kjh ukrk gksxk mlds ckn eSa mls mM+k nwaxk@ges'kk ds fy,@tkfgj gS vkleku esaA ysfdu vkidks eSa igys gh vkxkg fd;s nsrk gwa@fd vkidks eq>s <ax ls le>kuk gksxk dsoy ,d oä dk nky pkoy [kkdj@eSa vkidk gksus ls jgkA2

nsoh çlkn feJ ds ;gk¡ oSpkfjd folaxfr;k¡ Hkh gSaA oks yky >aMs dsoy f'kuk[+r ds fy, bLrseky djrs gq, ik, tkrs gSaA e/;oxhZ; ekDlZoknh fujarj vius ls yM+rk gqvk] vfLerkewyd lektksa dk vkSj vius oxksaZ dk vfrØe.k djrk gqvk ckgj vk ldrk gSA tc dfo ;g dgus dh fgEer djrk gS fd bl jax ls esjk vkf[kjh ukrk gS] ;g dfork eqfLye ijaijkvksa ls cgqr xgjs :i esa tqM+h çrhr gksrh gSA Hkkjrh; lÙkk ls Hkh Vdjkrh gS vkSj yxkrkj vkradoknh dgdj iwjs dkSe dh cnukeh dh dld Hkh bl dfork ds Hkhrj fn[kkbZ ns tkrh gSA bl rjg ls] ;g dfork xgjs ljksdkjksa ds lkFk ns'k ds vYila[;dksa ls tqM+rh gSA gkyk¡fd] ;g Hkh ,d fdLe dh lgkuqHkwfr gS blfy, dgha&dgha O;ogkfjd fp= ugha cursA gk¡] dfo bl cgkus fgUnw&eqfLye xaxtequh ijaijk dk ewY;kadu t:j djrk gS vkSj bl ds chp ns'k dh jktuhfr ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS tks oksV cSad ds fy, bl [kkbZ dks ges'kk c<+krh pyh tkrh gSA ljdkjsa vius LokFkZ ds pyrs ;g lc djrh gSaA v#a/krh ds vuqlkj] pfy,! ^^ge eku ysrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; laln ij geyk gekjs yksdra= ij geyk gSA rks D;k] 1983 esa rhu gtkj ^voS/k* ckaXyknsf'k;ksa dk usyh tulagkj Hkkjrh; yksdra= ij geyk ugha Fkk\ ;k 1984 esa fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij rhu gtkj ls vf/kd flD[kksa dk tulagkj D;k Fkk\ 1992 esa ckcjh efLtn dk fo/oal Hkkjrh; yksdra= ij geyk ugha Fkk D;k\ 1993 esa eqacbZ esa f'kolSfudksa ds usr`Ro esa gtkjksa eqlyekuksa dh gR;k Hkkjrh; yksdra= ij geyk ugha Fkk\ xqtjkr esa 2002 esa gq, gtkjksa eqlyekuksa dk tulagkj D;k Fkk\ ogka çR;{k vkSj ifjfLFkfrtU; nksuksa çdkj ds lcwr gSa ftlesa cM+s iSekus ij gq, tulagkj esa gekjs çeq[k jktuhfrd nyksa ds

Estelar

263

usrkvksa ds rkj tqM+s gSaA ysfdu] X;kjg lky esa D;k geus dHkh bldh dYiuk rd dh gS fd mUgsa fxj¶rkj Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] Qkalh ij p<+kus dh ckr dks rks NksM+ gh nhft,A [kSj] NksfM+, blsA blds foijhr] muesa ls ,d dks tks dHkh fdlh lkoZtfud in ij ugha jgs vkSj ftuds ejus ds ckn iwjs eqacbZ dks ca/kd cuk fn;k Fkk] mudk jktdh; lEeku ds lkFk vafre laLdkj fd;k x;k tcfd nwljk O;fä vxys vke pquko esa nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s yksdra= esa ç/kkuea=h cuus dk liuk ns[k jgk gSA bl lnZ] cqtfnyh Hkjs jkLrs esa [kkyh] vfrjaftr b'kkjksa dh udyh çfØ;k ds rgr Hkkjrh; ekdZ Qklhokn gekjs Åij vk [kM+k gqvk gSA Jhuxj ds etkj&,&'kksgnk esa] vQty dh lekf/k ds iRFkj ij ¼ftls iqfyl us gVk fn;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa turk ds vkØks'k dh otg ls fQj ls j[kus ds fy, ck/; gqbZ½ fy[kk gS& ^ns'k dk 'kghn] 'kghn eksgEen vQty] 'kgknr dh frfFk 9 Qjojh 2013] 'kfuokjA budk u'oj 'kjhj Hkkjr ljdkj dh fgjklr esa gS vkSj vius oru okilh dk bartkj dj jgk gSA**3 lcdh rjQ ls fy[kus dk vatke ns[k yks@;s dke fdruk c<+ x;k ;s dke ns[k yks@fdruk gh dgk dg x;s rks fdruk de@dgk dgus dks gqvk uke rks ;s uke ns[k yks@cktkj esa Hkh cSB x;s vkSj dgk th tks yx@x;s oks nke tjk nke ns[k yks lcdh rjQ@ls cksyus dk jkstxkj ;s gedks tks ns[kks ns[k@dj ukdke ns[k yks edln gS dksbZ vkSj@rks fQj lkspuk fQtwy tks lqcg lh fn[k@tk;s rks ;s 'kke ns[k yks vc ekDlZ gks fd@eky gks fd dj ldks cgl vc ykyx<+@dks ns[k yks] vkoke ns[k yks tks fxj x;h@efLtn rks vc vkjke cgqr gks vc jg jgs gSa jke rks cnuke ns[k yksA 4 bl rjg ls bl dfork ds Hkhrj jghe] xkfyc vkSj lHkh 'kk;j 'kkfey gSa tks vrhr ls fudydj viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djrs gSa] vkt ds gkykrksa dks ysdj lksprs gSaA vesfjdk ls ysdj vjc rd ds C;kSjs bl dfork esa O;kid :i ls vk;s gSaA edcwy fQnk gqlSu Hkh dfork ds Hkhrj fn[kk;h ns tkrs gSa vkSj ik'oZ esa iwjk jktuSfrd nq"pØ pyrk jgrk gSA /keZ vkSj tkfr;ka viuk [kkSQukd psgjk fy, pyrh jgrh gSaA okVyk g‚ml dkaM Hkh dfork ds Hkhrj fn[kk;h ns tkrk gSA bl fgalk dk lcls cqjk çHkko eqfLye efgykvksa ij iM+k gSA dfork ds Hkhrj dfo] dfork ds vkjaHk esa gh ladsr djrk gSA xqtjkr vkSj e/;çns'k dh lhek ls yxs gq, egkjk"Vª ds /kqys ftys esa gqbZ lkaçnkf;d ?kVuk ds ckn Nk=ksa ds }kjk

Estelar

264

bl {ks= dh ^dsl LVMh* esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS fd 2008 ds naxs ds ckn ls gh eqfLye lekt dkQh ng'kr esa gS vkSj vius esa gh dkQh lhfer gqvk gSA 2008 ds igys rd tks eqfLye] fganw cfLr;ksa esa jgrs Fks] vkt os eqfLye cfLr;ksa esa gh ng'kr ,oa vlqj{kk ds pyrs jgus dks etcwj gSaA bl ckj dh lkaçnkf;d fgalk ds ckn tgka&tgk¡ ls eqfLye cfLr;ka 'kq: gksrh gSa] ogka ij iqfyl ds }kjk cSfjdsV rFkk vfrfjä iqfyl cy dh rSukrh dh xbZ Fkh] ekuks lkaçnkf;d fgalk ds fy, eqfLye lekt gh ftEesnkj gksA ihfM+rksa dks T;knkrj jkgr muds fj'rsnkjksa rFkk bLykfed laxBuksa ds }kjk gh igqapk;h tk jgh gSA

eqfLye leqnk; ds yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd iqfyl us tku cw>dj ,oa pqudj eqfLyeksa ij gh Qk;fjax dh tcfd iRFkjckth nksuksa rjQ ls gks jgh FkhA 2008 ds naxs rFkk 6 tuojh dh gkfy;k ?kVuk ds ckn eqfLye lekt ds lHkh yksxksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd naxs ds le; [kklrkSj ij iqfyl çksQs'kuy rjhds ls dke u djds fgUnqvksa dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSA tkap ny dks ihfM+rksa us crk;k fd fiNys dqN le; ls iqfyl bl ekSds dh ryk'k esa FkhA [kkldj 2008 ds naxs ds ckn lsA rc ls gh iqfyl lcd fl[kkus dh /kefd;ka ns jgh FkhA /kqys ftys dh dqy vkcknh dk 25% eqfLye leqnk; ls vkrk gSA T;knkrj eqfLye

leqnk; ds yksx ikojywe b.MLVªh] xSjst esa dke] Bsyk pykuk] etnwjh rFkk NksVh&NksVh nqdku pykdj viuh thfodk pykrs gSaA dqy eqfLye vkcknh dk 95% fuEu e/;eoxhZ; i`"BHkwfe ls gSA /kqys ds eqfLye lekt esa valkjh rFkk [kku

o ns'kh eqlyeku gSaA valkjh T;knkrj foLFkkfir gksdj mÙkj çns'k rFkk fcgkj ls 19 oha 'krkCnh esa ;gka vkdj cls FksA T;knkrj valkjh eqlyeku ;gka ij ikojywe ds is'ks ls tqM+s gSaA ikojywe dk dke Hkh VsDlVkby fey ds can gksus ds ckn ls yxkrkj ladV ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gSA

ikojywe esa dke djus okyk ,d eqfLye etnwj ,d g¶rs esa yxHkx 600&700 #i;s dekrk gSA ftrus fnu d¶;Zw jgk] mrus fnu rd mudh thfodk dk dksbZ nwljk lk/ku ugha FkkA lkaçnkf;d fgalk dk lcls cqjk çHkko eqfLye efgykvksa ij iM+k gSA efgyk,a ,oa yM+fd;ka iwjh rjg ls ?kj ds vanj dSn dj nh xbZ gSaA 2008 ds igys rd yM+fd;ka Hkh cktkj tk;k djrh Fkha ysfdu iwoZ esa gq, naxs ds ckn ls mudh iwjh ftanxh pkjnhokjh ds vanj fleV xbZ gSA ?kj dh lcls cqtqZx efgyk gh ?kj ls ckgj fdlh vko';d dke ls fudyrh gSA eqfLye yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ij Hkh bldk udkjkRed çHkko iM+k gS vkSj vc os çkFkfed f'k{kk ls Hkh oafpr gks xbZ gSaA

Estelar

265

ß/kqys dh dqy vkcknh 3-7 yk[k gS vkSj ;gka 7 bathfu;fjax] nks esfMdy rFkk lkr vU; dkyst gSa] ftudh dqy {kerk 18000 lhV dh gS] tcfd vkcknh ds 25%eqlyekuksa esa ls dsoy 25%;k 915 eqfLye Nk= mPp&f'k{kk dks çkIr dj

jgs gaSAß ¼bafM;u ,Dlçsl esa ft'kku 'ks[k dh fjiksVZ& 13 tuojh 2013½

nsoh çlkn dh bl jpuk esa Hkys gh oSpkfjd folaxfr;ka gksa ysfdu bl dfork dks [kksyus dk l'kä vkStkj lekt'kkL=h; vkykspuk gh gks ldrh gSA lkfgR; dh jpuk vkSj cks/k çfØ;k dHkh Hkh vius lkekftd lanHkZ ls vçHkkfor ugha jgh gS] ysfdu vk/kqfud dky esa lkfgR; ij lkekftd lUnHkZ vkSj jktuSfrd ifjos'k dk O;kid vkSj fu.kkZ;d çHkko iM+k gSA vktdy dh nqfu;k dsoy lkSUn;Z dh ,dkar lk/kuk ds lgkjs ugha pyrhA og lekt ds vkfFkZd <kaps] jktuSfrd ifjos'k] lkekftd lajpukvksa vkSj lkaL—frd laLFkkvksa ls cgqr nwj rd çHkkfor gksrh gSA

tc ls lkfgR; dh nqfu;k esa ys[kdksa vkSj ikBd ds chp iqLrd cktkj vk x;k gS vkSj laL—fr dk {ks= çrhdkRed oLrqvksa dk cktkj cu x;k gS] rc ls lekt esa lkfgR; vkSj lkfgR;dkj dh fLFkfr cgqr cny xbZ gSA ys[kd dh lkekftd fLFkfr ls mlds ys[ku ds vusd çdkj ds laca/kksa dh igpku lkfgR; ds lekt'kkL= dh enn ls gh laHko gqbZ gSA6

xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps jgrk gj vkneh js[kk ds uhps&uhps@uhps pyrk pyrk pyrk futkeqíhu igqap tk;s tgk¡ xkao dks@xqM+xkao esa u cnyk tk;s cs'kd@vktex<+ dks ykyx<+ esa cny fn;k tk;s eryc fd@'kgjksa dks fQj ls clk;k tk;s@vkSj@vkSj lkspk tk;s@vkSj lkspk tk;s@vkSj lkspk tk;s@vkSj lkspk tk;s ysfdu Qsuku dh rjg@vkSj jgk tk;s ysfdu fdlku dh rjg@vkSj xwatk tk; ysfdu fc;kcku dh rjg@vc ?kj ykSVk tk;s@futkeqíhu ds lkFkA@Qjhn ds lkFkA uhan ds lkFkA@fc;kcku esa xwatrh gkjeksfu;e dh@vkoktksa tSlh ukxfjdrk dh iqdkjksa ds lkFkA@xqgkjksa ds lkFkA@?kj ykSVk tk;s @vkSj ?kj NksM+k tk;s@ftlds fy, eSaus eukSrh ekaxh gS fd@og vkfnokl esa cny tk;s vkSj esjk csVk@laFkkyksa ds esys esa [kks tk;sA7

bl rjg ls nsoh çlkn iwjs tu dks [kkldj] tks xjhch js[kk ls uhps gSa mudks] lc dks ,d lkFk feykus dh ckr djrs gSaA muds 'kks"k.k esa ,drk dk

Estelar

266

lw= ryk'krs gq, og O;kid :i ls tu vkanksyuksa vkSj muds HkVdkoksa dks ,d txg xksycan djuk pkgrs gSa rkfd izfrjks/k dk O;kid jkLrk [kqy ldsA bl dfork esa nsoh çlkn xgjs :i ls tuljksdkjksa ls tqM+dj 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vius jpukdeZ dh mifLFkfr ls voxr djkrs gSa vkSj bl leLr ruko dks fnYyh ls nwj vkfnoklh {ks=ksa rd QSyk nsrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ,dlw= esa fijks nsrs gSaA

cksf/klRo dh yEch dfork îkxynkl*

cksf/klRo dk tUe 11 fnlacj] 1968 dks mÙkj çns'k ds Hknksgh ftys ds xzke&fHk[kkjh] jkeiqj esa gqvkA çkjfEHkd f'k{kk xk¡o dh gh ikB'kkyk lsA bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; ls fgUnh esa ,eŒ,Œ vkSj ogha ls rkjlIrd ds dfo;ksa ds dkO;&fl)kUr ij ih&,pŒMhŒ dh mikf/k yhA ;wthlh ds fjlpZ QSyks jgsA igys ls çdkf'kr rhu dfork&laxzg&*flQZ dfo ugha*¼1991½] ^ge tks ufn;ksa dk laxe gSa* ¼2000½ vkSj ^nq[k ra=* ¼2004½A yEch dgkuh ô`"kksRlxZ* ¼2005½ rFkk dqN vkSj yEch dgkfu;k¡A vius xk¡o dk ,d bfrgkl fy[kk gSA dfork ds fy, HkkjrHkw"k.k vxzoky lEeku] fxfjtk dqekj ekFkqj lEeku] laL—fr vokMZ rFkk gseUr Le`fr lEekuA8

lkfgR; vkSj dfork esa vius fopkj j[krs gq, cksf/klRo dgrs gSa& ^êq>s mEehn ;g gS fd dfork esa dFkk rRo dh okilh gksxh D;ksafd fcuk dgkuh ds u dfork thfor jgh gS] u jgsxhA vxj ge lalkj Hkj ds dkO; dks /;ku esa j[ksa rks ogh dfork,¡ thfor ut+j vkrh gSa ftuesa dgha u dgha dFkk vkSj pfj= gSaA vki Hkkjrh; e/;dkyhu lkfgR; dks gh ys ysaA lwj] rqylh] tk;lh ;k vk/kqfud dky ds fujkyk] çlkn] VSxksj ;k vU; cM+s dfo rks budh lkjh cM+h jpuk,¡ ,d dFkk dgrh gSa vkSj pfj= çLrqr djrh gSaA vkt dh dfork esa Hkh tks pfj= ç/kku dfork,¡ gSa] os T;knk i<+h tkrh gSa] T;knk ppkZ esa jgrh gSa vkSj T;knk yksxksa dks tksM+rh gSa vkSj muds Lej.k esa jgrh gSaA esjh gh dfork,¡ êk¡ dk ukp*] îkxynkl* vkSj ^'kkark* yksxksa ds tsgu esa] esjh gh nwljh dforkvksa dh cfuLcr T;knk xgjs cSBh gqbZ gSa D;ksafd buesa dFkk gS] pfj= gSaA vkt ;g ifjHkkf"kr djuk t:jh gS fd vke turk D;k gS\ D;ksafd tks lkfgR; vkt fy[kk tk jgk gS og fdl Vkbi dh turk ds fy, gS----ftlesa vki cnyko ykuk pkg jgs gSaA ;g Hkze Hkh nwj gks tkuk pkfg, fd fy[kus ls turk dk dqN Hkyk gksrk gS ;k lekt esa ifjorZu gksrk gS ;k vkfFkZd folaxfr;ka nwj gks tkrh gSa ;k lkEçnkf;d naxs #d tkrs gSa ;k fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k,a #d tkrh gSa----rks ;g le>uk

Estelar

267

pkfg, fd dfork fy[kus ls cky etnwjh ;k ngst çFkk Hkh nwj ugha gksxhA dfork vkt dgus dks rks ^moZj çns'k* esa crk;h tk jgh gS ysfdu og Hk;kud catj çns'k esa HkVd jgh gS--- vkSj 2010 esa ;k 2020 rd esa Hkh eq>s ugha yxrk fd og lpeqp dh dkO;&Hkwfe esa ykSVsxhA eSa pkgwaxk fd ge ftruh tYnh peRdkj iSnk djus okyh dfork,¡ fy[kus ls NqVdkjk ik ysa] mruk gh vPNk gksxkA**

ge cksf/klRo dh egRoiw.kZ yEch dfork îkxynkl* dks dsaæ esa j[ksaxsA îkxynkl*] ,d pfj= iz/kku dfork gS tks vke vkneh ls lh/ks tqM+rh gSA bl vke vkneh dk ruko O;kid lekt dks vkSj mlds vtuchiu dks O;ä djrk gS fd fdl rjg ls blesa ,d vke vkneh dh ihM+k iwjh dfork ds Hkhrj iljh gSA vkneh fdl rjg vius lekt ls fofNUu dj fn;k x;k gS] fdl rjg ls mls dkV fn;k x;k gS vius lalkj ls] ;g dfork mlh lekt dk egkvk[;ku gSA tgk¡] vkneh vkneh ,d nwljs dks tkurs gq, Hkh vutku gS] og viuh mnkfl;ksa dks lg tkuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd og mEehn NksM+ pqdk gSA çR;sd pht dks lansg ls ns[kuk mudh vknr gks x;h gSA blh ruko vkSj vUrfoZjks/k dh dfork gS îkxynkl* tks O;kid :i ls mn; gq, lkaçnkf;d ekSgky ds lkFk gh mÙkjvk/kqfud ekgkSy esa Hkh vkneh ds vdsysiu dks n'kkZrh gSA dfo bl dfork esa ikxynkl ds lkFk vkt ds mu gkykrksa dh f'kuk[r Hkh djrk gS ftuds pyrs vkneh mnkl jgus dks etcwj gS& v;ks/;k esa cldj@mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynkl@;g crk;k ml eYykg us@ftlus lj;w esa çokfgr fd;k mUgsaA@eSaus iwNk&@vkf[kj D;ksa mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynkl@v;ks/;k esa cldj HkhA@mlus dgk&@dkj.k rks crk ldrs gSa os gh@tks tkurs gksa ikxynkl dks Bhd ls@eSa rks vkrs&tkrs lqurk Fkk@mudk jksnu@ftls Nqikrs Fks os i[kkot dh Fkkiksa esaA10

^Hkkjr Hkw"k.k vxzoky iqjLdkj* lEekfur bl dfork esa usehpUæ tSu us fu.kkZ;d er çLrqr djrs gq, viuh ckr dqN bl rjg ls j[kh&

^^v;ks/;k ds fo[;kr i[kkot oknd Lokeh ikxynkl dh e`R;q ls çsfjr] cksf/klRo dh dfork îkxynkl* fopfyr dj nsus okyk dkO;kuqHko çLrqr djrh gSA çR;{k :i esa] ;g lPpkbZ] U;k;] e;kZnk tSls ewY;ksa dh gR;k jksdus esa ,d jpukdkj dh vlgk;rk ls mRiUu vkRefoHkktu vkSj grk'kk dk c;ku gSA ij

Estelar

268

okLro esa] ckcjh efLtn fo/oal ls tkfgj gekjs lekt esa c<+rh gq;h oSpkfjd dêjrk] jktuSfrd fujadq'krk] fl)kUrghurk vkSj ik[kaM dh cM+h l?ku] foMEcukiw.kZ vkSj rh[kh O;atuk gSA dsoy v;ks/;k esa îkxynkl* gh ugha] dfiyoLrq esa ^cq)*] mTtf;uh esa ^dkfynkl*] cukjl] iVuk] fnYyh esa ^vke yksx*] [ksr esa ^Qlysa* vkSj isM+ksa ij îfÙk;ka* mnkl gSaA dfork esa oS;fDrd vkSj ekuoh; ljksdkjksa dk ,slk ç[kj fdUrq la;fer la;kstu fnukas fnu fojy gksrk tkrk gSA ;g larks"k dh ckr gS fd cktkj vkSj ØkfUr dh lEeksgu gksM+ vkSj Luk;fod mÙkstuk ds bl nkSj esa dfo cksf/klRo vius dkO; foosd dks cpk, gq, gSA îkxynkl* dh lajpuk esa vk[;kuij[k vkSj ukVdh;rk dk cM+k dYiuk'khy lekos'k gSA blesa dbZ rjg ds ik=ksa dh vkoktkgh gS tks ,d lkFk dbZ Lrjksa ij >adkj iSnk djrh gSA bu lHkh ds dkj.k îkxynkl* ,d Lokxr ;ksX; miyfC/k gSA11

bl rjg ls îkxynkl* dfork vkneh ds ^Lo* ls Hkh Vdjkrh gSA i[kkot oknd Lokeh ikxynkl ds fy, ftudk 20 tuojh 1997 dks v;ks/;k esa nsgkolku gks x;k] mudks yydkj dj fy[kh x;h ;g dfork vkneh ds yxkrkj ejus vkSj vkneh ds dsoy <kaps ds ftUnk jgus dh dFkk gS vkSj ml <kaps esa fdl rjg ls laosnuk,a Fkha] lekt esa mldh O;kid mifLFkfr dks dSls Hkjk tk;] blh ladV dh dfork gS îkxynkl*A cksf/klRo gekjs le; ds egRoiw.kZ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa ge tfVy gksrs ekuoh; lalkj dks le>us dk jkLrk <wa< ldrs gSaA îkxynkl* dfork ftl lgtrk vkSj ljyrk ls gekjs Hkhrj iSB djrh gS] og vkt ds bl le; esa cgqr gh de ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bl e`R;q dks dfo O;kid :i ls vknfe;r dh e`R;q ls tksM+ nsrk gSA mnkl gksus ds loky ij og dgrk gS& mUgksaus eq>ls iwNk&@D;k djsaxs tkudj fd@v;ks/;k esa cldj Hkh D;ksa mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynklA@mUgksaus dgk&@D;ksa mnkl gSa vki cukjl esa@cq) dfiyoLrq esa@dkfynkl mTtf;uh esa@Qlysa [ksrksa esa@ifÙk;k¡ o`{kksa ij] yksx fnYyh esa] iVuk esa@nqfu;k tgku esa D;ksa mnkl gSa@vki flQZ ;gh D;ksa iwN jgs gSa@fd v;ks/;k esa cldj Hkh D;ksa mnkl Fks ikxynklA@eSaus dgk&@eq>s mudh mnklh ls dqN dke ugha@eq>s cq)] dkfynkl ;k yksxksa dh mnklh ls@dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha@eSa rks flQZ crkuk pkgrk Fkk yksxksa dks@fd bl otg ls v;ks/;k esa cldj Hkh@mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynklA@mUgksaus crk;k&@ikxynkl dh mnklh

Estelar

269

dh tM+ Fks ikxynkl@eSaus dgk ;g nwljs ikxynkl dkSu gSa@D;k djrs gSaA@mUgksaus crk;k&@tSls v;ks/;k esa clrh gS nwljh v;ks/;k@;k@ljtw esa cgrh gS nwljh ljtw@oSls gh ikxynkl esa@Fkk nwljk ikxynkl@vkSj nksuksa jgrs Fks vyx&Fkyx vkSj@mnklA@tks nwljs ikxynkl Fks@os U;k; pkgrs Fks@pkgrs Fks j{kk gks lp dh@cph jgs e;kZnk v;ks/;k dh@lgu ugha gksrk Fkk dqN Hkh mYVk&lh/kk@Øks/kh Fks igys ikxynkl dh rjg@flQZ vius Hkj ls ugha Fkk dke&/kke@igys ikxynkl dh rjg mnkl gksdj@cSB ugha x, Fks ?kj ds HkhrjA12

;g dfork dsoy mnklh ls gh ugha tw>rhA ;g dfork vyxko vkSj ^Lo* ds fo?kVu ls Hkh tw>rh gSA b/kj yxkrj gq, e/;oxhZ; vkanksyuksa esa ftl rjg ls e/;oxhZ; ;qok vius dks [kkstus dk ç;kl dj jgs gSa] vkt rd bfrgkl esa Hkkjr esa 'kk;n gh brus cM+s vyxko dk dksbZ nkSj vk;k gS] tc e/;oxZ viuh tM+ksa vkSj ns'k ds gkykrksa ls bl rjg cs[kcj gS fd og fdlh Hkh rjg viuk vkØks'k fudky nsuk pkgrk gSA bl vkØks'k dh vkSj mlds Hkhrj dh mnklh dh Vksg bl dfork ls yh tk ldrh gSA tc dfo dks mnklh ls dksbZ dke ugha gS ysfdu og dgrk gS vU;k; dk fojks/k gksuk pkfg,A rc ;g cgqr T;knk gn rd fl) gksrk gS fd ;g pkfg, okyh ckr djds dfo vius dks bl vU;k; ls vkSj bl lp ls fNVdk ysrk gS ;k vyxko dj ysrk gSA

vc ;g tks ikxynkl ej x;k mldh ryk'k esa dfo ?kwerk gSA vUrr% dfork esa ikxynkl dh mnklh dk dksbZ Bksl dkj.k u dfo crk ikrk gS vkSj u gh mlesa vkoktkgh djrs ik=A ;g D;k gS \ ;g ogh HkVdu gS tks vkt ds Hkhrj ge ns[k jgs gSa blfy, cksf/klRo dh dfork ,d ,sls lekt ds vk[;ku esa cny tkrh gS tks viuh ewy laosnuk dks ikus dh tsíkstgn esa viuh dfork dk forku rkurk gqvk e`xr".kk ls ihfM+r fdlh tyk'k; dks ryk'k jgk gS&

eSaus dgk&@vU;k; dk fojks/k rks gksuk gh pkfg,@gksuh gh pkfg, lp dh j{kk@ij mnklh dk dkj.k rks crk;k ugha vkiusA@mUgksaus dgk&@tks ikxynkl@lp dh j{kk pkgrs Fks@pkgrs Fks U;k;o/k fd;k x;k mudk@ekj fn;k x;k mudks ?ksj dj muds gh vkaxu esa@,dkUr esa ugha@muds yksxksa dh ekStwnxh esa@vkSj igys ikxynkl dks NksM+ fn;k x;k@ctkus ds fy, ok|@dyk ds lEo/kZu ds fy,A@nwljs

Estelar

270

ikxynkl dh gR;k ls@mldks u cpk ikus ds larki ls@mnkl jgus yxs Fks ikxynkl@nwljs ikxynkl ds u jgus ij@mudks laxr nsus okyk cpk u dksbZ@mUgksaus NksM+ fn;k ctkuk] Hkwy x, jax Hkjuk@rt x, lekjksg] Hkwy x, dk;nk] ;kn ugha jgk Hkjko dk <ax@cpus yxs yksxksa ls] ykse&foykse dh xqatkb'k ugha jghA@cgqr tksj nsus ij dHkh ctkus cSBrs rks@yxrk i[kkot ugha@viuh Nkrh ihV jgs gSaA@bruk dgdj os pqi gks x,@eq>s ljtw ikj djk;k vkSj cksys&@ftruk tkuk eSaus@ikxynkl dh mnklh dk dkj.k@dg lquk;k@vc tkus ljtw fd mlds nf{k.k rjQ@cldj Hkh D;ksa mnkl jgs ikxynklA13

bl rjg ;g dfork ckcjh efLtn fo/oal ls ysdj vkt rd ds vkneh ds cnys lkSUn;Zcks/kksa vkSj yxkrkj gks jgs mlds bLrseky dk dPpk fPkV~Bk gS ftleas e/;oxZ dh ukle>h] ekuoh; ewY;ksa ds volku gksus rFkk mlds cnyrs pfj=] jktuhfrd Hkz"Vkpkj] fl)karksa ds ok;oh; tkyksa vkSj vke vkneh ds fy, txgsa ryk'kus dh /ofu;k¡ O;kIr gaSA

dqekj vacqt dh yEch dfork ^[kkuk cukrh fL=;k¡*

dqekj vacqt ¼13 vçSy 1957½ ftudk ewy uke iq#"kksÙke dqekj lDlsuk gS vkSj ftudk dk;kZy;h fjd‚MZ esa tUe] fnukad 13 vçSy 1956 gS] fganh ds dfo gSaA mudk igyk dfork laxzg ^fdokM+* gS ftldh 'kh"kZd dfork dks ^Hkkjr Hkw"k.k vxzoky iqjLdkj* feykA ^Øwjrk* uked budk nwljk dfork laxzg gSA mlds ckn ^vuafre*] ^vfrØe.k* vkSj fQj 2011 esa ^vehjh js[kk* dfork&laxzg fo'ks"k :i ls pfpZr gq, gSaA vyx rjg dh vusd dgkfu;k¡ i=&if=dkvksa esa çdkf'kr vkSj ç'kaflr gqbZ gSaA dfork ds fy, Hkkjr Hkw"k.k vxzoky iqjLdkj] Jhdkar oekZ lEeku] fxfjtk dqekj ekFkqj lEeku] dsnkj lEeku] ek[kuyky prqosZnh iqjLdkj vkSj okxh'ojh iqjLdkj çkIr gq, gSaA fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth esa çdkf'kr vusd çfrfuf/k lap;uksa esa dfork,a@dgkfu;k¡ 'kkfey gSaA dqN dfork,¡ vkSj dgkfu;k¡ fofHkUu ikB;Øeksa esa 'kjhdA bl rjg dqy ik¡p dfork&laxzg vkSj ,d dgkuh&laxzg çdkf'kr gSaA vk/kkj çdk'ku] iapdwyk ls ^fdokM+* 1992 vkSj jk/kkd".k çdk'ku] u;h fnYyh ls ^Øwjrk* 1996]^vuafre* 1998 vkSj ^vfrØe.k* 2002 vkSj 2011 esa ^vehjh js[kk*A o"kZ 2008 esa budk ,d dgkuh&laxzg Hkh Hkkjrh; KkuihB] fnYyh ls vk;k gSA 2012 esa fdrkc?kj çdk'ku dh cgqpfpZr lhjht ^dfo us dgk* ds varxZr çfrfuf/k dforkvksa dk ladyu çdkf'kr gqvk gSA14

Estelar

271

dqekj vacqt dh dfork,¡ dej rksM+rs iwathoknh le; esa vke vkneh ds [kM+s gksus vkSj mlds lqanj lalkj dks cpkus ds fy, çfrc) gaSA og viuh dforkvksa esa u dsoy vius le; ls Vdjkrs gSa cfYd ,sfrgkfld le> ds lkFk dfork ds lalkj esa gLr{ksi Hkh djrs gSaA oks [kqn Hkh ekurs gSa] Þfo—r iwathokn ds dkj.k lc rjQ QSys leiZ.k] le>kSrs vkSj iLrh ds le; esa dfork ,d rjQ gekjs le; dh Øwjrkvksa] L[kyuksa vkSj pkykfd;ksa dks vpwd rkSj ij igpku dj bafxr dj jgh gS] rks nwljh vksj reke fujk'kktud fLFkfr;ksa dks crkrs gq, Hkh og iLr ugha gqbZ gSA dfork ijks{k :i ls mu lokyksa dks [kM+k djrh gS tks ekuo thou dks lqanj cukus ds fy, t:jh gaSA vius le; ls Vdjkuk vkSj ,sfrgkfld le> ds lkFk gLr{ksi djuk dfork dk ewy pfj= gSA**15 ge ;gk¡ mudh yEch dfork ^[kkuk cukrh fL=;k¡* dk ewY;kadu djsaxsA rqeus mUgsa lqUnj dgk rks mUgksaus [kkuk cuk;k@vkSj Mk;u dgk rc Hkh@cPps dks xHkZ esa j[kdj mUgksaus [kkuk cuk;k@fQj cPps dks xksn esa ysdj@mUgksaus vius liuksa ds Bhd chp esa [kkuk cuk;k@vius liuksa esa Hkh og cukrh jgh [kkuk@igys roaxh Fkha rks [kkuk cuk;k @fQj cSMksy gksdj@os leqæ esa ugkdj ykSVha rks [kkuk cuk;k@flrkjksa dks Nwdj vkbZ rc Hkh@mUgksaus dbZ ckj flQZ ,d vkyw @vkSj ,d I;kt ls [kkuk cuk;k@vkSj fdruh gh ckj flQZ vius dcz ls@nq%[krh dej p<+rs cq[kkj esa@cgkj ds rwQku esa@Hkhrj ykSVh rks [kkuk cuk;k@fQj okRlY; ls Hkjdj meax dj [kkuk cuk;kA16

dqekj vacqt bl dfork esa L=h lalkj dh tfVyrkvksa dks le>rs gq, L=h

ds varfoZjks/k vkSj iq#"koknh opZLo dks m?kkM+rs gSaA fdl rjg ,d efgyk vius ?kj esa flQZ ,d efgyk gksrh gS vkSj iq#"k dh nklh gksrh gSA og fdlh Hkh rjg ls vius eu dks vkSj mlesa fufeZr lalkj dks O;ä ugha dj ikrhA og ,dkdh ihM+k lgrh gS vkSj [kqn dks rd ck¡V ugha ikrhA ;gk¡ rd fd mldks lius Hkh [kkuk cukus ds vkrs gaSA mldk viuk lalkj bl iq#"koknh ekufldrk ls bl gn rd vkØkar gSA mls lius ds chp esa Hkh vodk'k ugha feyrk Hkys gh og vkRefuHkZj gh D;ksa u gks ij og lnSo bl iq#"koknh ekufldrk dk f'kdkj jgrh gSA og vius dks vlqjf{kr eglwl djrh gSA bu reke lokyksa ls] dfo dqekj vacqt ;gk¡ bl dfork esa Vdjkrs gSa vkSj ukjh çfrjks/k dh vlQyrkvksa dks tehu ls idM+us vkSj mu varfoZjks/kksa dks lgh fn'kk esa /kdsyrs gSaA

Estelar

272

DydZ gqbZ] vQlj gqbZ@mUgksaus QjkZVsnkj nkSM+ yxk;h vkSj flrkj@ctk;k@ysfdu gj ckj muds lkeus j[k nh x;h ,d dlkSVh@vc og Fkdku dh pêku ij ihl jgh gS pVuh@jkr dh p<+kbZ ij csy jgh gSa jksfV;k¡@muds xys ls] ihB ls@muds va/ksjksa ls fjl jgk gS ilhuk@jsys cg jgs gSa fiaMfy;ksa rd@vkSj os dg jgh gaS ;g jksVh yks@;g xje gS ----- @mUgsa lqcg dh uhan esa [kkuk cukuk iM+k@fQj nksigj dh uhan esa@fQj jkr dh uhan esa@vkSj fQj uhan dh uhan esa mUgksaus [kkuk cuk;k@muds ryoksa esa tek gks x;k gS [kwu @>qdus yxh gS jh<+@?kqVuksa ij nLrd ns jgk gS xfB;k@vkius 'kk;n@/;ku ugha fn;k gS@fiNys dbZ fnuksa ls mUgksaus@ cSBdj [kkuk cukuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS@gkyk¡fd muls Bhd rjg ls cSBk Hkh ugha tkrkA17

bl rjg ls dqekj vacqt dh ;g dfork L=h ds thou dk iwjk Lo:i

m?kkM+dj gekjs lkeus j[krh gS vkSj ;g Hkh crkrh gS fd dsoy vkfFkZd vkt+knh

gh efgykvksa ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA blds vykok Hkh cgqr lkjh ,slh

ekufldrk,a lekt esa O;kIr gSa ftudks iq#"koknh lekt tc rd ugha NksM+sxk]

rc rd L=h 'kks"k.k cjdjkj jgsxk blfy, lcls igys fir`lÙkk dh lksp dks

cnyuk gksxkA dfork var rd vkrs&vkrs Hkkoqd gks tkrh gS vkSj L=h ds nSfud

thou dh fo'kn >kadh gekjs lkeus çLrqr djrh gSA og ckgj pkgs dqN Hkh gks

ysfdu ifjokj esa mldk 'kks"k.k yxkrkj cuk jgrk gS vkSj vUrrksxRok og bl

pkjnhokjh ds Hkhrj thus dks vfHk'kIr gks tkrh gSA

dfork ljy 'kCnksa esa cM+h fo"k;oLrq dks lesVrh gSA lkFk gh] dfork dh

y; Hkh dgha ugha VwVrh gSA dfork Hkys gh likV c;kuh yxs ysfdu dfo L=h

ds lkFk&lkFk gh mlds pwYgs&pkSds dk Hkh iwjk fp= mHkkjdj j[k nsrk gSA bl

rjg ls gekjs lkeus vius gh ?kj dk fp= çLrqr gks tkrk gSA bl rjg ls] ;g

dfork vius :i vkSj fo"k;oLrq ds lkeUtL; dk etcwrh ls fuoZgu rks djrh

gh gS lkFk esa] viuh ckr dks Hkh çHkkoh rkSj esa çsf"kr dj ikrh gSA blds vykok

Hkh dqekj vacqt dh vkSj dbZ yEch dfork,¡ gSa A

Estelar

273

fouksn nkl dh yEch dfork ^;qok* vkSj ^lk¡l jksd dj ;kn djks Hkksiky dks*

fouksn nkl dh ;g dfork ^;qok* vkt ds iw¡thoknh le; esa ;qokvksa ds

vkRefuokZlu] vtuchiu o egkuxjh; Åc dks O;ä djrh gSA fouksn nkl dfo] vuqoknd] vkykspd Hkh gSaA mudh nks egRoiw.kZ dforkvksa esa ge dke djsaxsA ^lk¡l jksddj ;kn djks Hkksiky dks* ;g Hkksiky xSl =klnh ij fy[kh x;h dfork gSA fo'o dh mu reke =klfn;ksa esa ls çeq[k vkSj vkS|ksfxd =klnh dk ;g eatj bl dfork esa /ofur gqvk gSA bl =klnh dk f'kdkj gq, ,d O;fä dh vkichrh ls bldk eatj [kqyrk gSA

,d HkqäHkksxh lfpu ds vuqlkj] Þvkt eq>s Hkh og v¡/ksjh lqcg ;kn vk x;hA 2 vkSj 3 fnlacj 1984 dh njE;ku jkrA Hkksiky ds ?kksM+k uDdkl esa fuokl djrs gq, tc geus Hkh tgj Hkjh gok dks yhyk FkkA eSa Hkksiky xSl =klnh dk ftØ dj jgk gw¡A nqfu;k dh lcls fouk'kdkjh vkS|ksfxd =klnh ftlds ckjs esa vkt rd ;g li"V ugha gS fd og ,d nq?kZVuk Fkh ;k xjhcksa ij fd;k x;k ç;ksx! gekjs ?kj dh Nr ls ;wfu;u dkckZbM dkj[kkus dks ns[kk tk ldrk FkkA ml oä eSa 11 lky dk FkkA ftl dqEgkj xyh esa ge jgrs Fks] mlesa jksus&ph[kus dh vkoktsa vk jgh Fkha vkSj rHkh fdlh us ?kj dk eq[; njoktk [kksy fn;kA ,slk yxk fdlh us fephZ dk ikoMj vk¡[kksa esa Hkj fn;k gksA jkr ,d cts tc ge ,d nqifg;k okgu ij pkj&pkj yksx vius ?kjksa ls fudys] rc geus NksVs rkykc esa yksxksa dks xSl dh tyu ls cpus ds fy;s dwnrs ns[kkA eaMhnhi rd igaqprs gq, geus lM+d ij yksxksa dks dVs isM+ dh rjg fxjrs vkSj ne rksM+rs ns[kkA yksx vius fljksa ij viuk lkeku j[kdj Hkkx jgs FksA otu ysdj pyus ds dkj.k mudh lkal vkSj rst py jgh Fkh ;kfu os vkSj T;knk tgj vius QsQM+ksa esa Hkj jgs FksA yksxksa dks lkeku ysdj blfy, Hkkxuk iM+k D;ksafd ;g vQokg Hkh mM+k nh x;h Fkh fd Hkksiky ds fdlh dkj[kkus esa vkx yx x;h gS vkSj vc iwjk 'kgj ty tk,xkA os viuk FkksM+k cgqr lkeku cpkuk pkgrs FksAß18

blh Hk;kud =klnh dks dfo fouksn nkl us viuh dfork dk fo"k; cuk;k gS tks cgqr lkjs vuNq, igyqvksa dh rjQ gekjk /;ku [khaprh gSA ysfdu] igys mudh dfork ^;qok* dk ewY;kadu djsaxsA ^;qok* dfork dk vkjaHk dfo e/;oxhZ; ,d ;qok ls djrk gS tks njokts ij [kM+k gS vkSj eksckby ftlds dku ij vkSj xys esa rkcht gSA

Estelar

274

?kaVh ctkdj@vkids njokts ds lkeus@tks mnxz ;qok@dku ls eksckby lVk, gq, eqLdjk jgk gS@og ewyr% bathfu;j gS@,s'o;Z ds txexkrs jkLrksa esa@mldh bathfu;fjax dh vfLFk;ka nch gqbZ gSa@vkSj va/kfo'okl dh ikS/k'kkyk esa@iyk@foKku dk ;g ç[kj Nk=@fQygky xys dh viuh rkcht dks ifo= Hkko ls Nw jgk gS@ckj&ckj@vius 'kgj ls nj&c&nj@;g v'oes/kh v'o@nkSM+rk gh jgrk gS gj le;@lQj vkSj ekSr@nksuksa gh djrs jgrs gSa bldk ihNk@ljhl`iksa dh rjgA19

fouksn nkl fopkj/kkjk ds dfo gSaA muds ;gk¡ bl e/;oxhZ; ;qok dk

fp= cgqr lkQ mHkj dj vk;k gS ijUrq blds ihNs ds t:jh ncko 'kk;n gh dfork esa dgha fn[krs gksaA gkyk¡fd] og va/kfo'okl dh ikaS/k'kkyk esa iyk foKku dk ;g ç[kj Nk= dgrs gq, mlds oxZ dh gYdh vkgV dfork esa dj nsrs gSa ij blls Hkh mu dkj.kksa ij ut+j ugha tkrh ftl dkj.k ls og e/;oxZ ds ;qok ij ;g vkjksi yxkrs gaSA ;g vPNh ckr gS vkSj lp Hkh fd e/;oxZ dk ;qok viuh tM+ksa ls dVk gqvk fo—r bfrgkl cks/k dk f'kdkj gSA og fdlh Hkh le; vjktd gks dj lM+dksa esa vk ldrk gSA tSls fd og jke eafnj vkSj ckcjh fo/oal okys lkaçnkf;d eqís esa vk;k] tSls fd og gkfy;k Hkz"Vkpkj fojks/kh vkUnksyu esa vk;kA oSls gh] fcuk fotu ds tSls og foKku dk Nk= gksdj Hkh vius rkcht dks ckj&ckj pwerk gS] Bhd oSls ghA ysfdu ;g Hkh ekuuk gksxk fd e/;oxZ ls gh dbZ ;qok vius oxksaZ dks rksM+dj vke vkneh] etnwjksa ds i{k esa vk [kM+k gqvk gS vkSj vkxs Hkh gksxkA

fouksn nkl us bl dfork esa ,d ,sls ;qok dk fp= lkeus ykus dk lQy ç;kl fd;k gS tks ns'k ds gkykrksa vkSj xjhcksa ds 'kks"k.k ls vufHkK gS vkSj iw¡thoknh nckoksa ds pyrs Hk;adj :i ls dSfj;fjLV gks x;k gSA mlus viuh ,d gokbZ nqfu;k cuk yh gS tgk¡ lkjh nqfu;k gh vkHkkflr gS vkSj vtuchiu ls Hkjh gSA dfo dh dksf'k'k mldks d'ehj ls dU;kdqekjh vkSj fonHkZ ds fdlku etnwjksa dh vkRegR;k ls ifjp; djus dh gS] ij oks gS fd viuh gh ckn'kkgr esa thrk gSA ;g dfork ,sls gh ,d ;qod dk fp= çLrqr djrh gS&

?kj dk irk@vc blds eksckby dk flQZ ,d uacj gS@eqyk;e cafn'kksa ds bl dSn[kkus esa@og tkuk ugha pkgrk@eka jlksbZ ls iqdkjrh jgrh gS@ysfdu [kks tkrh gS mldh vkokt@ihtk&cxZj ds u,&u, Lokn

Estelar

275

esa@fj'rksa dks O;kikj esa@cnyus dh dyk esa ikjaxr ;g ukStoku vdsyk ugha gS@eksckby] ySiVki ds cVuksa esa fNis gSa@blds cs'kqekj nksLr@mlds fy, ;g lc ipM+k gS@fd fonHkZ esa dikl@[kwu ls fyFkM+ jgh gS@xjhcksa ds oksVksa ls cuh vehjksa dh ljdkj@fdlkuksa dh gM+i jgh gS tehu@vkSj mudh ihBksa ij ped jgs gSa@vaxzstksa dh ugha@gekjh iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ds fu'kkuA20

dfo us ;gk¡ ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k dh gS fd fdl rjg vkt dk ;qok vius dks ns[k jgk gSA ;g] og i<+k fy[kk ;qok gS ftls cl vius lalkj esa jeus ds vykok vkSj dksbZ eryc ugha gSA muds fy, laca/k Hkh ,d mRiknu esa cny tkrs gSaA oks çR;sd oLrq dks O;kikj dh rjg ns[krk gSA mls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rk] pkgs fdlku ejs ;k ljdkjsa xjhcksa dh tehu gM+is ;k mUgsa ihVs] ;g lc mlds fy, egt ,d ipM+s dh ckr gSA oksbl ipM+s esa ugha iM+uk pkgrkA mlds fy;s ;s egt cdokl gSA bl rjg] ;g ;qok iw¡thoknh nckoksa ds pyrs fo—r gks x;k gS ij dfo Hkh bu gkykrksa ls de dqafBr ugha yxrkA og Hkh ,d vthc eksM+ ij [kM+k çfrjks/k dk jkLrk [kkstus dk ç;kl dj jgk gSA mldh Lo;a Hkh dqN u dj ikus dh dqaBk dfork ds Hkhrj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA og ubZ ih<+h ls vk'oLr ugha nh[krk blhfy, ;g dfork vius ledkyhu ;FkkFkZ ds lkFk&lkFk vkt ls Hkh cgqr gh tfVy vkSj O;ogkfjd :i ls tqM+rh gSA çfl) oSKkfud vkSj fopkjd vkbaLkVhu ds vuqlkj&

ÞO;fä tUe ij vkuqoaf'kdrk }kjk çk—frd çofÙk;ksa lfgr ,d tSfod lajpuk ikrk gS] ftldks gesa fLFkj vkSj vifjorZuh; ekuuk pkfg,] tks ekuo tkfr dh fo'ks"krk,a gaSA blds lkFk gh] vius thoudky esa og ,d lkaL—frd lajpuk çkIr djrk gS tks og laoknksa vkSj dbZ nwljs rjg ds çHkkoksa }kjk lekt ls xzg.k djrk gSA ;g lkaL—frd lajpuk gh gS tks le; ds lkFk ifjorZu'khy gS vkSj O;fä vkSj lekt ds chp ds laca/kksa dks cgqr gn rd r; djrh gSA vk/kqfud ekuo'kkL= us rFkkdfFkr vkfne laL—fr dh rqyukRed tkap&iM+rky ls gedks fl[kk;k gS fd lekt esa lokZf/kd çpfyr lkaL—frd rkSj&rjhds vkSj laxBu ds Lo#i ls yksxksa ds lkekftd O;ogkj esa cgqr varj gks ldrk gSA oks] tks ekuo leqnk; dh mUufr ds fy, ç;kl dj jgs gSa] bl ij gh viuh vk'kk,a vk/kkfjr dj ldrs gSaA viuh tSfod lajpuk dh otg ls ,d nwljs dk fouk'k djus ;k Øwj vkRe?kkrh fLFkfr dh n;k ij cus jgus ds fy, ekuo&tkfr nks"kh ugha gSA

Estelar

276

;fn ge vius ls iwNsa fd ekuo&tkfr dks ftruk laHko gks lds mruk larks"ktud cukus ds fy, lekt dk <kapk vkSj O;fä dk lkaL—frd –f"Vdks.k dSls cnyk tkuk pkfg, rks gesa yxkrkj bl ckr ds fy, lpsr jguk pkfg, fd dqN ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ,slh gSa ftudks cnyus esa ge vleFkZ gSaA tSlk] igys crk;k tk pqdk gS] lHkh O;ogkfjd vFkksaZ esa O;fä dk tSfod LoHkko vifjorZuh; gSA blds vykok] fiNyh dqN 'krkfCn;ksa ds rduhdh vkSj tulkaf[;dh fodkl us ,slh ifjfLrfFk;k¡ fufeZr dh gSa] tks vHkh jgsaxhA vis{kk—r l?ku vkcknh esa vius vfLrRo ds [kkfrj vfuok;Z lkexzh dh vkiwfrZ ds fy,] ,d pje Je&foHkktu vkSj ,d vR;ar dsafær mRiknd l;a= ije vko';d gSA oks le;] tks vrhr esa ns[kus ij dkQh je.kh; çrhr gksrk gS] ges'kk ds fy, tk pqdk gSA tc vdsyk O;fä ;k NksVs lewg iw.kZ :i ls vkRe&fuHkZj gks ldrs FksA ;g dguk ekewyh vfr'k;ksfä gh gS fd ekuo&tkfr vc rks mRiknu vkSj miHkksx dk fo'oO;kih leqnk; fufeZr djrh gSAß21

bl dfork esa vk;k gqvk ;qok bUgh gkykrksa dk f'kdkj gS] dfork var rd vkrh gSA

ysfdu ;g vius ns'kdky ls@bruk Hkh fujis{k ugha@mldh fpark esa@fQYeh flrkjksa dh jlhyh dFkk,a gSa@;k lfpu dk uCcs ds vklikl yVdk 'krd@lko/kku!@vHkh ;g viuh ehBh vkokt esa@viuh daiuh dh chek ikfylh cspus ds fy,@vkils euqgkj djsxk@fQj lhVh ctkrs gq,@dbZ yM+fd;ksa dks ,d lkFk djsxk@,l ,e ,l@dksbZ QwgM+ pqVdqyk@vFkok ?kfV;k 'ksjA22

Þvc] eSa ogka vk x;k gw¡ tgk¡ eSa la{ksi esa bafxr dj ldwa fd eSa vius le; ds ladV dk D;k lkj le>rk gw¡\ ;g] O;fä ds lekt ds lkFk ds fj'rksa ls lacaf/kr gSA O;fä vc igys ls dgha T;knk vius lekt ij fuHkZjrk ds ckjs esa le>rk gS ysfdu og bl fuHkZjrk dks ldkjkRed xq.k] çk—frd nkf;Ro] j{kkRed cy ds :i esa ugha] cfYd vius ewy vf/kdkjksa vkSj blls Hkh T;knk vius vkfFkZd vfLrRo ds [krjs ds :i esa vuqHko djrk gSA blds vykok mldh fLFkfr lekt esa ,slh gS fd mlds LoHkko dh vgadkjh çofÙk;ka fujarj çcy gks jgh gSa] tcfd lkekftd ço`fr;ka] tks LoHkko ls gh detksj gSa] yxkrkj fxjrh tkrh gSaA lHkh yksx] pkgs mudh lekt esa dksbZ Hkh fLFkfr gks] bl fxjrh gqbZ çfØ;k ls ihfM+r gSaA vutkus gh vius vgadkj esa dSn] os vlqjf{kr] ,dkdh vkSj

Estelar

277

thou ds lgt] lkns vkSj v—f=e vkuan ls oafpr eglwl djrs gSaA O;fä vius thou esa vFkZ] vYi vkSj ladViw.kZ tSlk Hkh gS] vius dks lekt ds çfr lefiZr djds gh ik ldrk gSßA23

vc nsf[k;s] fdl rjg ls ;g iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk mlds fparu dks dqan djrh gS ;k mls fparu dh çfØ;k ls xqtjus dk vodk'k ugha nsrhA vkSj] fdl rjg ls mldk /;ku vke eqíksa ls HkVdkdj cktkj vius fy, bLrseky djrk gS vkSj fdl rjg ls mls ;g cktkj ,d oLrq cuk nsrk gSA ;gk¡ rd dh thou rd dks mRiknu esa cnyus dh mldh gksM+ mls laosnughu vkSj —f=e cuk nsrh gSA ;g gkyr vkt iwjs ns'k esa ugha cfYd iwjs fo'o esa gS ftls dfo us ekuo vfLrRo ds xaHkhj ladV ds :i esa bafxr fd;k gSA ;g dfork cgqr ljy gS ysfdu bldh fo"k;oLrq mruh gh xaHkhj vkSj tfVy gS ftls le>us ds fy, iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds pfj= dks le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gSA

nwljh dfork dfo us Hkksiky xSl dkaM ij fy[khA ;g Hkh vkS|ksfxdj.k ls mith =klnh gS ftldk na'k vkt Hkh bl dkaM ds ihfM+r ugha HkwysA 'kk;n gh og dHkh Hkwy Hkh ik;saA ;g dfork nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vh x;h gS] Hkkx ,d vkSj Hkkx nksA igys Hkkx esa] dfo us xSl dkaM dh =klnh dk vk¡[kksa ns[kk fp= [khapk gS ftlesa dfork ds Hkhrj cgqr 'kksj fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA nwljh dfork esa Hkh mgiksgkRed fLFkfr;k¡ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA bl rjg ls] ;g dfork ,d cdjh ds ek/;e ls ykpkj vkSj vke vkneh dk fp= çLrqr djrh gSA

FkksM+h nwjh ij@cdjh bl dnj lqUnj yx jgh gS@fd eSa vius vkidks jksd ugha ikrk gw¡@eSa mldh iw¡N Nwrk gw¡@mlds 'kjhj esa dksbZ gjdr ugha gksrh gS@mesBrk gw¡ dku@mlds 'kjhj esa dksbZ gjdr ugha gksrh gS@eSa viuh vk¡[kksa ij Mkyrk gw¡ tksj@vkSj gSjkuxh ls Qsjrk gw¡@mldh Ropk ij gkFk@mldh Ropk@u rks iRFkj dh gS@vkSj u gh jcM+ dh@mldh Ropk flQZ cdjh dh Ropk gS@'kr&çfr'kr cdjh dh Ropk@flQZ mlesa og daiu ugha gS@ftlls vk tkrh@gFksfy;ksa esa xekZgV@Mjk gqvk@tc eSa lksprk gw¡@yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa QSyh D;ksa gSa@os fgyrh&Mqyrh D;ksa ugha@yksxksa dks Nwus ls@esjh gFksfy;ksa esa D;ksa ugha vkrh xekZgV@esjk 'kjhj >u>ukus yxrk gSA25

vk/kqfud oSKkfud ;qx esa ;a= fdl rjg ls ekuo vfLrRo ds fy, fdrus ?kkrd vkSj vfu;af=r gS] ;gh dfo us çfrikfnr fd;k gSA og bl iwjh ?kVuk ls

Estelar

278

vokd gSA og dqN ugha dgrs gq, Hkh bl xaHkhj ladV ls fudyus dh NViVkgV eglwl djrk gSA bl rjg dfo fouksn nkl vke tu ekul ds dfo gSaA mudh dforkvksa esa ekuo ds lkSan;Zijd vkSj uSfrd lalkj dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k fn[kk;h nsrh gS A

dkR;k;uh dh yEch dfork ^gkWdh [ksyrh gqbZa yMfd;k¡* fgUnh dh ledkyhu L=h&dfo;ksa esa dkR;k;uh tSlh fo'oluh;rk cgqr

de dfo;ksa us vftZr dh gSA vius ikSfyfVdy vksojVksu ds ckotwn dkR;k;uh dh ckrsa ikBd dks fo'okl esa ysdj pyrh gSa rks blfy, fd buds ;gk¡ dfork dk eryc Hkkf"kd ckthxjh ls dgha vyx ,d dfo ds pSrU; dh miyfC/k gh gksrk gSA dkR;k;uh dfork,¡ cukrh ugha gSaA dkR;k;uh dh dforkvksa esa ;=&r= ukjsckth Hkh gSA ;g oSpkfjdrk dk ncko gks ldrk gS tks ,d nkSj esa fgUnh dfork esa yxHkx ekSleh cq[kkj dh rjg ntZ Hkh gksrk gSA vLlh ds n'kd ds dfo;ksa ls ysdj uCcs ds n'kd rd ;g ncko cuk jgrk gSA dgkfu;ksa esa rks [kSj ;g ,d vyx nkSj gh FkkA lqUnj&lq?kM+ dfork,¡ rks dbZ L=h dfo;ksa us cukbZa ysfdu dkR;k;uh ds dfo ds Hkhrj ,d pkSdUuh L=h gS tks euq"; igys gS] L=h mlds cknA ;g fof'k"Vrk ,d fojy pht gS] ftldh otg ls dkR;k;uh ds vkl&ikl dksbZ nwljk ugha fn[krkA dkR;k;uh tSlh vfHkO;fä fgUnh esa fojy gSA26

ge mudh dfork ^gkWdh [ksyrh gqbZa yM+fd;ka* dk ewY;kadu djsaxsA M‚Œ jtuh dqyJs"B vius vkys[k ^ledkyhu nqfu;k % vk/kh vkcknh dk lp* esa L=h dfork vkSj mldh pqukSrh dks js[kkafdr djrh gqbZa dgrh gSa&

Þvk/kh nqfu;k] eryc fL=;ksa dh nqfu;kA budh cqfu;knh leL;k,¡ vkSj lp D;k gSa \ oks dkSu ls eqís gSa ftUgsa dfork esa <kyuk ;k x<+uk vfuok;Z gh ugha] vifjgk;Z gks x;kA ledkyhu fgUnh dfork esa vk/kh nqfu;k dk ;g lp vfHkO;fä ik jgk gS] ftlesa vkrad vkSj fo?kVu] LokFkZ vkSj çfrLi/kkZ] [kqys fo'o dk cktkjokn] ftlesa reke lkjh 'kfä;k¡ tw>dj lekt ds fy, xfr'khy ;FkkFkZ dks çdkf'kr dj jgh gSaA vlarks"k vkSj vkØkedrk ftlesa ubZ igpku dh laHkkouk,¡ VwV&cu jgh gSaA vk'kadk vkSj laHkkouk ds /kzqo&fcUnqvksa ij >wyrh ,d dkO;&ih<+h &vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp ! mldh vk¡[kksa esa f>yfeykrk ,d LoIu tks dfork ds Hkfo"; ls T;knk ekuoh; vfLerk ds Hkfo"; dh lqj{kk dks ysdj gSA ,d ;qxhu&psruk tks lekt] /keZ] jktuhfr] ckny] /kwi vkSj /kqa/k ds Hksn dks

Estelar

279

igpkurh gS] ij ;g vfHkKku mldh lk¡lksa esa ?kqeM+rk /kqvk¡ cudj mldh vkRek dks çfriy vkgr djrk jgrk gSA jph tk jgh gS ,d dfork& lPpkb;ksa ls vk¡[ksa feykrh ;g dfork vkxr vkSj vukxr dks vlguh; cuk jgh gSA

ledkyhu fgUnh dfork esa efgyk ys[ku dh l'kä mifLFkfr vfHk/kk vkSj

O;atuk ds chp egklaf/kfoxzg dk dk;Z dj jgh gSA tgk¡] ,d uo&mnkjoknh lekt vkSj [kqyh vFkZ O;oLFkk ds [kqys dikVksa ds ikj ,d [kqyh L=h gS tks pqukSrh Hkjh ut+jksa ls ml ^æ"Vk* vkSj ^Hkksäk* L=h dks u flQZ ns[k jgh gS oju~ mldh dfork dk fgLlk Hkh curh tk jgh gSA vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp fojks/kkHkklksa esa] dq.Bkvksa esa Mwck gqvk Hkh gSA tgk¡ ,d çxfr'khy lwpuk ds Ågkiksg dk xgjk tky bl vk/kh nqfu;k dks vklekuksa lh u [k+Re gksus okyh Å¡pkbZ dh vksj] lkr jaxksa okys bUæ/kuq"k Nwus dks /kdsy jgk gSA iwoZ esa ikjEifjd lekt dh fir`&lÙkk us ,d ^xqM&xyZ flUMªkse* dk xgjk vglkl bl vk/kh nqfu;k dh moZj tehu ij ea=cht&lk cks fn;k Fkk vkSj mudh dfork,¡ FkjFkjkrs inksaZ ds ihNs ls ^tks rqe vk tkrs ,d ckj* okyk voyEcu ysdj jgL;oknh bZ'oj dks ;kn djrh FkhaA ij] chloha 'krkCnh ds volku vkSj bDdhloha lnh ds bl igys n'kd esa vkn'kksaZ dh vdky&csyk dk vFkZ vius le; dh L=h&psruk vkSj mldh ihM+k dk vFkZ vHkh rd fdlh dfork dk fgLlk cu ik;k gS ;k ughaA fdlh L=h&lkfgR; foe'kZ dh ;gh lcls cM+h leL;k gks ldrh gSA vkt le; dh tks lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS og ;g gS fd dfork dh [kksbZ gqbZ çxk<+rk ¼dEiS'ku½ L=hoknh ys[ku vius Lrj ij fdl rjg iqujZfpr djus dk chM+k mBkrk gS ¼u;s vFkksaZ ls lkjh phtsa ns[kdj½A fiNys iUæg o"kksaZ esa jSEi ij pyrh gqbZ dbZ fo'o&lqUnfj;k¡ u;s ekun.M vkSj eqgkojksa dh pqukSfr;k¡ ysdj vkbZ gSaA

24 ?k.Vksa ds vuojr Hkkxrs rek'kk Vsyhfotu pSuy cnyrh L=h dh

rLohj fcYdqy u;s vFkksaZ esa iSdst dj jgs gSaA ,sls esa] mu lkjs çLFkku fcUnqvksa dks ryk'kuk vko';d gS ftuesa L=hoknh ys[ku iq#"k&ys[ku ls dSls fHkUu gqvk gS\ lkFk gh] chrh lnh dh L=h&dfork dk lp fdruk [kjk vkSj fdruk VVdk Fkk] ;g Hkh iM+rky fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA ns'kt vkSj Hkkjrh; dfork esa ledkyhurk fdruh vk ikbZ gS\ D;k oks reke eqgkojs tks ledkyhurk us gekjs lkeus ukjsckth djrs gq, mNkys gSa] ledkyhu L=h&dfork dk fgLlk cu ik;s gSa ;k ugha\ fdlh Hkh ledkyhu dfork esa vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp ;kuh fd L=h&foe'kZ dfork dk nsgoknh foe'kZ ugha gSA mÙkjksÙkj Øwj vkSj tfVy gksrs

Estelar

280

le; esa vdsys fugax FkekZehVj ds ikjs&lk thou thrs L=h Fkd pqdh Fkh] rc fujk'kk esa ls çdk'k QwVrk gSA vewrZu ls pydj dfork ewrZrk ikrh gSA ;g vkRe&T;ksfr dk mn; vkSj jl&fiiklk dk mUes"k gh vk/kh nqfu;k ds lp dks mn~?kkfVr djus esa leFkZ gqvk gSA**27

Hkkjrh; lekt esa tgk¡ ij L=h ds vius /kkfeZd vkSj lkekftd ca/ku gSa]

tkrh; vk/kkj ij Hkh] oxhZ; vk/kkj ij Hkh vkSj vc vkfFkZd vk/kkj ij Hkh] ogka L=h vkt+knh ds lokyksa ds vius&vius Lrj gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt dh ikjaifjd tfVyrkvksa vkSj :f<+;ksa ds chp Hkkjrh; L=h dh viuh pqukSfr;ka gSaA dkR;k;uh dh ;g dfork e/;oxZ dh dfork gS ftlds vius varfoZjks/k vius oxZ ds gSaA gkyk¡fd] L=h&thou dh eq[; tfVyrk,a fir`lÙkk dh çHkqlaiUurk gh gSA ;g dfork 'kqØokj ls vkjaHk gksrh gS] ;Fkk& vkt 'kqØokj dk fnu gS@vkSj bl NksVs ls 'kgj dh ;s yM+fd;k¡@[ksy jgh gSa g‚dhA@[kq'k gSa yM+fd;k¡@fQygky@[ksy jgh gSa g‚dh@dksbZ Mj ughaA@c‚y ds lkFk nkSM+rh gqbZ@gkFkksa esa lk/ks fLVd@os gjh ?kkl ij rSjrh gSa@pwYgs dh vk¡p ls@ewly dh /ked ls@nkSM+rh gqbZ@cgqr nwj vk tkrh gSaA28

dfork esa bl L=h ds lkFk gq, egRoiw.kZ rF; dks Hkh dfo ;kn j[krh gS

fd fdl rjg og viuh iwoZt efgykvksa ls ;gk¡ rd vkbZ gS] fdl rjg og viuh lhek;sa] tks rFkkdfFkr iq#"k lekt }kjk mu ij yknh x;h gSa] mu lhekvksa dks fdl rjg yka?k jgh gaS] fdl rjg og viuh cjkcjh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh gSa yxkrkjA b/kj dh L=h&dfork viuh vfLerk dh dfork gSA mlesa Li"V :i ls ge vius le; ds L=h&ewY;ksa vkSj thou&ewY;ksa ds lkFk gh 'kks"k.k ds <kaps dks ns[k ikrs gSaA Þvkt vesjhdh] vÝhdh vkfn ns'kksa dh dforkvksa esa Hkh lekt vkSj ifjokj ds ewY;ksa dks iquLFkkZfir djus ds ç;kl gks jgs gSaA ik'pkR; L=h&dfork] ijEijk ds iquewZY;kadu dh ckr dj jgh gS rks ,sls esa gekjh ledkyhu ns'kt dfork ds D;k cMs+ ljksdkj gksaxs\ o`gÙkj ifjçs{; esa ns[ksa rks çse] mEehn] d#.kk] ckSf)d&vkxzg] leLr oLrq O;kikj] ,d vUrjkZ"Vªh; çHkk e.My bl laØkfUr&ioZ dh dfork esa vkn'kZ&Hkax vkSj LoIu Hkax] ijEijk fç;rk dk foLe; tud /kzqokUr cudj mHkjk gSA jpuk ds bu {k.kksa esa mlus vius v/kwjsiu] viuh viw.kZrk] viuh foo'krk vkSj v{kerk ls lk{kkRdkj fd;k gSA

Estelar

281

ltZuk ds bl varjax ifjos'k esa jpukRed QSyko] mldk dSuokl gh mls ukius dk midj.k curk gSA dfork gh çHkkokfUofr dk rRo curk gSßA29 ogk¡ bartkj dj jgs gSa@mUgsa ns[kus vk, gq, oj i{k ds yksx@ogk¡ vEek cSBh jkg rdrh gSa@fd csfV;k¡ vk,a rks@larks"kh ekrk dh dFkk lquk,a@vkSj@os viuk ozr rksM+saA@ogk¡ ckcwth çrh{kk dj jgs gSa@n¶rj ls ykSVdj@idkSM+h vkSj pk; dh@ogk¡ HkkbZ ?kwe&?kwedj ykSV vk jgk gS@pkSjkgs ls@tgk¡ [kM+s gSa eqgYys ds 'kksgns@jkst dh rjg@yM+fd;k¡ gSa fd g‚dh [ksy jgh gSaA@yM+fd;k¡@isukYVh dkuZj ekj jgh gSa@yM+fd;k¡@ikl ns jgh gSa@yM+fd;k¡@^xks---y& xks---y* fpYykrh gqbZ@chp eSnku dh vksj Hkkx jgh gSaA@yM+fd;k¡@,d&nwljs ij <g jgh gSa@,d&nwljs dks pwe jgh gSa@vkSj g¡l jgh gSaA@yM+fd;k¡ Qkmy [ksy jgh gSa@yM+fd;ksa dks psrkouh nh tk jgh gS@vkSj os g¡l jgh gSa@fd ;g ft+Unxh ugha gS@&bl ckr ls fuf'pUr gSa yM+fd;k¡@g¡l jgh gSa@jsQjh dh psrkouh ijA@yM+fd;k¡@ckfj'k ds ckn dh@ue ?kkl ij fQly jgh gSa@vkSj fxj jgh gSa@vkSj mB jgh gSa@os ygjk jgh gSa@ped jgh gSa@vkSj eSnku ds vyx&vyx ekspksaZ esa@jg&jgdj meM+&?kqeM+ jgh gSaA30

gkdh ds cgkus dkR;k;uh us ukjh thou dh tfVyrkvksa vkSj mldh lhekvksa ls ifjfpr djkus o mUgsa efgykvksa }kjk vfrØfer fd;s tkus rFkk xSj&cjkcjh ds fo#) [kM+s gksrs L=h&çfrjks/k dks js[kakfdr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA lkFk gh iq#"koknh ekufldrk dks Hkh [kksyus ds vykok :f<+;ksa vkSj ijEijkvksa dh vksj Hkh ladsr fd;k gSA b/kj dh dforkvksa dks ysdj bl ckr ls vk'oLr gqvk tk ldrk gS fd vc L=h&dfork cus cuk;s lkapksa ls fudydj tfVyrkvksa vkSj vius le; ds ;FkkFkZ dks igpkuus esa lQy gq;h gSA ;kfu dg ldrs gSa fd vkt dh efgykvksa dk O;fäRokarj.k dfork ds :i esa gqvk gS blhfy, ;g fp= Hkh vkSj :i Hkh vius esa çkekf.kd curs pys tk jgs gSaA tgk¡] os ,d rjQ [kqn ls tw> jgh gSa] ogha lekt ds Lrj ij Hkh mldh pqukSrh gSA blh dks /;ku esa j[kdj dkR;k;uh dgrh gS& og eSnku ds vyx&vyx ekspksaZ esa og jg&jgdj meM+&?kqeM+ jgh gSa@os ph[kjgh gSa@lhVh ekj jgh gSa@vkSj fcuk #ds Hkkx jgh gSa@,d

Estelar

282

Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rdA@mudh iq"V Vkaxsa ped jgh gSa@u`R; dh y;c) xfr ds lkFk@vkSj yM+fd;k¡ gSa fd fu}ZU} fuf'pUr gSa@fcuk ;g lksps fd@eq¡g fn[kkbZ dh jLe djrs le;@lkl D;k lkspsxhA@blh rjg [ksyrh jgrh yM+fd;k¡@fuLladksp&fuHkhZd@nkSM+rh&Hkkxrh vkSj g¡lrh jgrh@blh rjg@vkSj ge ns[krs jgrs mUgsaA@ij 'kke gS fd gksxh gh@jsQjh gS fd ckt ugha vk,xk@lhVh ctkus ls@vkSj fLVd yVdk;s gkFkksa esa@,d Hkh"k.k tax ls fuiVus dh@rS;kjh djrh yM+fd;k¡ ykSVsaxh ?kjA @vxj ,slk u gks rks le; #d tk,xk@bUæ&ek#r&o#.k lc dqfir gks tk,axs@ otzikr gks tk,xk] pØokr vk tk,xk@?kj ij cSBs@ns[kus vk, oj i{k ds yksx@iSj iVdrs pys tk,axs@ckcw th ?kql vk,axs xjtrs gq, eSnku esa@HkkbZ nkSM+rk gqvk vk,xk@vkSj >ksaV idM+dj ?klhV ys tk,xk@vEek dkslsxh&@fdl ?kM+h esa iSnk fd;k Fkk@,slh dqyPNuh csVh dks! 31

nl lky igys dh dfork lgh vFkksaZ esa ;qx&lfU/k dh dfork Fkh vkSj ,d ubZ lkSan;Z&n`f"V dh ek¡x djrh FkhA uCcs ds vklikl L=h&dfo;ksa dh ruko&Hkjh dfork lqx<+rk] la;e vkSj ifj"dkj ds çpfyr dkO;&çfrekuksa dks /kfd;krs gq, dsUæ esa vkrh gSA ,d n'kd ckn ;kfu dh bDdhloha lnh dk vk/kqfudrk&cks/k] cqf)okn vkSj O;fä&Lokra«; dks LFkkfir djrh gSA blls iwoZ çk;% efgyk&dfo;ksa dh oSpkfjd vfLerk dks ut+j vankt fd;k tkrk FkkA eu dh dkseyrk vkSj O;fäxr vuqHkwfr;ksa dh vfHkO;fä ds fy, mUgsa tkuk ekuk tkrk jgk Fkk] fdUrq ledkyhu fgUnh dfork esa lkekftd ljksdkjksa ds fy, vkdqy fpUrk dh çLrqfr us bl feFkd dks rksM+k gSA32

L=h dfork dks ysdj ijekuUn JhokLro dgrs gSa fd& ÞL=h foe'kZ dh lS)kafrdh ds ckgj tkdj ledkyhu dof;f=;ksa us b/kj vuqHkoksa dh tks nqfu;k jph gS] og u fir`lÙkkRed lekt ds neu ls vkØkar gS] ^ilZuy* dks ^iksfyfVdy* cukus ls cfYd og loZFkk futh gky&pky ds Hkhrj ls mHkjrk gqvk og vk[;ku gS tks d#.kk ds uke ij vkRe fouksn vkSj fdlh nwljh lÙkk ds fo#) rh[ks O;ax ls ltho gS blfy, dof;f=;k¡ ^L=h dfork* in ls budkj dj jgh gSa rks mudh ckr esa [kkl ne gSA vkykspuk dsoy pkykdh ds rkSj ij ^L=h dfork* in dk bLrseky djds dfork dh eq[;/kkjk esa mUgsa j[kus ds fy, Lora= ugha jg x;h gSA33 bl rjg dkR;k;uh L=h&vfLerk ds ewy lokyksa ls

Estelar

283

tw>rh gq;h fofHkUu vk;keksa ls L=h thou ds ckjhd ls ckjhd varfoZjks/kksa dks idM+rh gS] og Hkh ljy vkSj lh/ks 'kCnksa esa &

ckcwth ph[ksaxs&@lc rqEgkjk fcxkM+k gqvk gS !@?kj fQj ,d v¡/ksjs esa Mwc tk,xk@lc lks tk,axs@yM+fd;k¡ ?kwjsaxh v¡/ksjs esa@[kfV;k ij fpÙk ysVh gqbZa@vEek dh yEch lk¡lsa lqurha@bartkj djrh gqbZa@fd vHkh os vkdj mudk flj lgyk,axh@lks tk,axh yM+fd;k¡@lius esa nkSM+rh gqbZ c‚y ds ihNs@fLVd dks lk/ks gq, gkFkksa esa@i`Foh ds Nksj ij igq¡p tk,axh@vkSj xksy&xksy fpYykrh gqbZa@,d nwljs dks pwerh gqbZa@fyiVdj /kjrh ij fxj tk,axh ! 34

fdl rjg ls muds vkØks'k vkSj çfrjks/k dks dfork esa yk;k x;k gS] ;g

dbZ&dbZ ek;ukas esa egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA thou dh reke ?kVuk,¡ O;fä vkSj lekt ls ckgj ugha gksrha ysfdu lkewfgd :i ls lc vkil esa fdlh u fdlh txg lger gksrh gq;h pyrh gSa] ;gh bl dfork esa fn[kkbZ ns tkrk gS A pkgs og nfyr fL=;ksa ds varfoZjks/k gkas] vkfnoklh efgykvksa dk thou gks ;k etnwj vkSj e/;oxZ dh efgyk,a gkasA lc ds ikl pqukSfr;ka ,d rjg ls gaSA dkR;k;uh L=h laiUurk dh HkO; dYiuk djrh gqbZ L=h&thou ds Hkfo"; dks xkus okyh dof;=h gSA iFoh ds ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd igq¡pus dh vkSj /kjrh dks pweus dh mudh vkLFkk nqfu;k ds mu nferksa] 'kksf"krksa ds i{k esa vkokt cqyan djrh gS ftUgsa lkearh lÙkk ,d oLrq ds crkSj ns[krh Fkh vkSj iw¡thoknh lÙkk,a ,d mRiknu ds crkSj ns[k jgh gSaA

vfuy dqekj flag dh yEch dfork ^v;ks/;k* ^igyk mins'k* vfuy dqekj flag dk igyk dfork&laxzg gSA vkt dh

dfork ds ^vfrdFku* ds ekgkSy esa bl laxzg dks i<+uk ,d vyx rjg dk vuqHko gSA ;s dfork,¡ gesa ,d vthc&ls rus gq, ,dkUr dh vksj ys tkrh gSaA eq[kj vUroZLrq Hkh] ,d vUreqZ[k ladksp vkSj lkSE;rk dh vksj gesa [khaps fy, tkrh gSA 'kCnksa] iafä;ksa vkSj okD;&cU/kksa ds vUrjky esa fNih gqbZ ç'kkfUr ,d fofp=&lh ^vkbjuh* dk cks/k djkrh gS vkSj vkt dh fgUnh dfork esa QSyh gqbZ 'kCn&cgqyrk vkSj vkRe&eqX/krk ls dfo dks ckgj j[kus esa dke;kc gqbZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] cq) ds thou&pfjr vkSj mins'kksa ij fy[kh gqbZ nksuksa dfork,¡

Estelar

284

^igyk mins'k* vkSj ^[kks;k&ik;k* yh tk ldrh gSaA nksuksa dfork,¡ cq) dh thoup;kZ vkSj mins'kksa ds egRo dks myV&iqyV nsrh gaS& ^ftls NksM+dj x;k Fkk@mls [kksdj ykSVrk gS fl)kFkZA* bu nks iafä;ksa esa gh cq) ds ri&lap; vkSj cq)Ro dks dfo vLr&O;Lr dj nsrk gSA

blh rjg ^v;ks/;k&1991* dk ^Hkxoku jke* tSlh dfork,¡ Hkh iwjh feFkdh; ifo=rk vkSj vkyksd&eaMy dks [kafMr djrh gqbZ] muds Hkhrj fNis gq, ft+Unxh ds fugk;r ljy&lR; dk lk{kkRdkj djrh gSaA fL=;k¡] vfuy dqekj flag dh dforkvksa esa ckj&ckj vkrh gSaA

^geus ftl :i esa Hkh pkgk mUgsa@lq[kn Fkha os gekjs fy,@lcls igys@---vkSjrsa os ckn esa Fkha@viuh nqf'pUrkvksa ls yM+rhA*

;s iafä;k¡ iq#"k&lÙkk dh fujadq'k bPNk ds fo#) ,d ekjd O;aX; dh

l`f"V djrh gSaA fL=;ksa ls lEcfU/kr lkjh dfork,¡ L=h&eqfä dh ifo= vkdka{kkvksa dh vfHkO;fä;k¡ gSaA dforkvksa esa tgk¡ fp<+ ;k xqLls ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls uQjr dk btgkj gS] ogk¡ Hkh Hkkf"kd vya—fr ;k vkos'k dk dere mi;ksx gqvk gSA njvly] ^igyk mins'k* dh dfork,¡ gekjh lkekftd] fl;klh vkSj futh ft+Unxh dh vk/kqfud [kycykgVksa dk vUreqZ[k Hkk"; tSlh gSa] ftlesa Hkkjrh; dfork dh iwjh ijaijk u, <ax ls eq[kfjr gksrh gSA Hkk"kk dh lknxh] ferO;;rk vkSj mlds rh;Zd ladsr gesa ;g lkspus dks etcwj djrs gSa fd bDdhloha lnh dh nsgjh ij] 'kk;n] ,d cM+k dfo lladksp [kM+k gSA35

viuh fdrkc ^vkykspuk dh lkekftdrk* esa eSut+j ikaMs dgrs gSa] v;ks/;k

ds eqís ij ubZ ih<+h ds dfo vxztksa ds ekxZ n'kZu dh vk'kk dj jgs Fks ysfdu iqjkuh ih<+h ds vf/kdka'k dfo pkykdh ls pqi Fks blhfy, ubZ ih<+h ds ,d dfo us viuh dfork ^v;ks/;k 1991* esa fy[kk Fkk& v;ks/;k ,d 'kgj Hkh gS@ftl ij fganh ds dfo dfork,¡ ugha fy[krs@dfork ds dkyt;h u gksus ds Hk;o'k@;k irk ugha fdl dkj.k36@NksVk Fkk rc@nknh ds lkFk vkrk Fkk vkSj @vkSj vc vdsys

Estelar

285

vkrk gw¡ 'kgj esa@ftl rjg reke yksx eks{k ds fy, vkrs gSa ;gk¡ @mlh rjg jksVh dh [kkst esa Hkh vkrs gSa reke yksx ;gk¡@'kgj ,d ftUnk 'kCn gS @bldh felky gS v;ks/;k@HksfM+;ksa dh f'kdkj xkg ugha gS ;g 'kgj@v;ks/;k ,d ,slk 'kgj Hkh gS@ftl ij fganh ds dfo dfork,¡ ugha fy[krs@dfork ds dkyt;h u gksus ds Hkh o'k@;k irk ugha fdl dkj.k@dh gksxh fdlh rqylhnkl us ,slh dksbZ fgekdr igys dHkh@flQZ gou dqaM ugha gS v;ks/;k@ft+Unxh dh gkoh ugha nh tk ldrh mlesa@euq"; jgrs gSa bl 'kgj esa ftuesa jgrk gS Hkxoku@vkSj pwafd Hkxoku euq"; esa jgrk gS@blfy, og vYykg Hkh gks ldrk gSA37

;gh dfo Fks vfuy dqekj flag ftUgksaus lcls igys ckcjh /oal dh vkgV dks igpkuk Fkk vkSj ml ij fy[kk FkkA bl rjg ls] dfo dh lkekftd idM+ vkSj ,d dfo ds crkSj viuh ftEesnkjh ds çfr lpsr gksus dk çek.k feyrk gSA

Þv;ks/;k dh =klnh ftruh vkdfLed yxrh gS mruh Fkh ughaA og ftl dqpØ dk ifj.kke Fkh mls o"kksaZ igys ls jpk tk jgk FkkA lu~ 1988 esa fy[kh dqekj vacqt dh dfork ^rqEgkjh tkfr D;k gS* dks i<+us ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd /keZ] laçnk; vkSj tkfr dks Hkkjrh; euq"; dh igpku dk vk/kkj cukus dh tks dksf'k'k yEcs le; ls py jgh Fkh mlh dk urhtk v;ks/;k dk dqdk.M FkkA ,sls esa dfork ds çHkko ds ckjs esa vk'oLr u gksus ds ckotwn ubZ ih<+h ds dfo lkEçnkf;drk ds fo#) dfork,¡ fy[k jgs FksA viuh euq";rk dk çek.k nsus ds fy, vkSj lekt esa euq";rk dh j{kk ds fy, HkhA vDVwcj 1992 esa dkR;k;uh us fy[kk &vkSj ;fn cusa jgsaxs vkneh rks dSls NksM+saxs dfork fy[kus dh vknr ¼bl iq#"kiw.kZ le; esa½A38

ft+Unxh dh HkkxnkSM+ esa@reke vU; 'kgjksa dh rjg gh@'e'kku ugha gks tkrs bykds @fl;kjksa ds iqdkjus ls@pkyw jktuhfr dk xHkZikr ugha gS v;ks/;k@v;ks/;k ,d 'kgj dk uke gS@ftlesa yksx [kkrs&ihrs vkSj ftUnk jgrs gSa@,d 'kgj dk uke gS v;ks/;k @ftlesa yksx ft+Unxh dh yM+kbZ yM+rs gaS vkSj var esa ej tkrs gSa@;kuh dh HkkSfrd okLrfodrkvksa ls dqN Hkh@vyx gVdj ugha gS bl 'kgj esa@bruk gh ;FkkFkZ gS ;g 'kgj ftruk ;g dh@vkneh dk dystk dkVdj bldh txg@f'kofyax j[k nsus ls og ej tk;sxkA39

jktuSfrd LokFkZ vkSj oxhZ; fgrksa dks le>rs gq, dfo vke tuekul dks lacksf/kr djrk gSA mlds ckn v;ks/;k dks ysdj <sjksa dfork,¡ fy[kh x;ha ftueas

Estelar

286

ls vf/kdka'k dfork,¡ egRoiw.kZ gaS] ij vfuy dks bl 'kq#vkr dk Js; rks tkrk gh gSA bl rjg ls] v;ks/;k ij fy[kh dforkvksa esa cgqr lkjh dfork,¡ ml nkSj esa mHkj dj vkbZaA ^[kkst* nsoh çlkn feJ] îfo= O;kf/k* —".k eksgu >k dh] ^tgk¡ eSa iSnk gqvk* yhyk/kj eaMyksbZ dh] ^Qwy ds lhus esa jä ds /kCcs* dqekj eqdqy dh] ê;kZnk ge rksM+saxs* dkR;k;uh dh] ôks ugha lksprs* cksf/klRo dh îkxynkl* vkSj foey dqekj dh dfork îqtkjh ykynkl*Aîkxynkl* dfork çfl) i[kkot oknd ikxynkl dh varjkRek dh gR;k dh vksj ladsr djrh gS tks lPpkbZ] U;k; vkSj e;kZnk dh j{kk djuk pkgrh gSA nwljh dfork esa] lp cksyus ds dkj.k iqtkjh ykynkl dh gR;k dk mYys[k gSA ;s nksuksa dfork,¡ lkEçnkf;drk ds dkj.k lekt esa lR; vkSj LorU=rk dh gR;k dh vksj ladsr djrh gSaA40

blh rjg nw/kukFk flag dk dguk gS fd Þvfuy dqekj flag us rks efLtn fxjus ds igys gh ^v;ks/;k 1991* 'kh"kZd ls dfork fy[khA efLtn fxjus ls igys vkSj efLtn fxjus ds ckn loksZÙke dfork dqaoj ukjk;.k us fy[khA fQj dSQh vkt+eh vkSj Jhjke 'kyHk flag usA41

fdrkcksa esa gksxh v;ks/;k@ftlesa jke jgrs Fks vkSj ftUgksaus jktikV@R;kx fn;k Fkk pkSng cjl ds fy,@gekjh v;ks/;k esa ge vkSj gekjs tSls gh@vU; yksx jgrs gaS@gekjh v;ks/;k gesa jksth&jksVh nsrh gS@ftUnk j[krh gS@ge mls iRuh dh rjg I;kj djrs gaS@cPpksa dh rjg nqYkkjrh gS og gesa@D;k jke Hkh jk{klksa ds gokys dj ldrs Fks bls dHkh@vxj oks lpeqp jgrs gksrs bl 'kgj esa\@v;ks/;k ,d 'kgj dk uke gS@taxy esa ugha gS v;ks/;kA42

lu~ 1993 esa Hkkjr Hkw"k.k vxzoky iqjLdkj ls lEekfur bl dfork ds i{k esa fu.kkZ;d er nsrs gq, ofj"B vkykspd ukeoj flag dgrs gSa fd Þväwcj 1992 dh dFkk if=dk ¼bykgckn ½esa dfo dh tks pkSng dfork,¡ çdkf'kr gq;h gaS] muls fuf'pr gh ,d ,slh gksugkj çfrHkk dk vkHkkl feyrk gS ftlesa ltZukRed laHkkouk gSA csgrj dfork,¡ 'kk;n vkSj Hkh gksa ij ^v;ks/;k* dfork çklafxd gS] tks bl dfork dks fof'k"V cukrh gSA v;ks/;k dk ,d vke 'kgj ds :i esa lk/kkj.khdj.kA bl dfork dh v;ks/;k og ugha gS ftlesa dHkh jke jgrs Fks] cfYd vkSj 'kgjksa dh rjg gh ,d 'kgj gS ftleas euq"; jgrs gSa] ftlesa jgrk gS Hkxoku tks vYykg Hkh gks ldrk gSA bl dfork esa ,d ,slk pqukSrh nsrk lk ;qok rsoj gS tks cjcl viuh vksj vk—"V djrk gSßA43

Estelar

287

ykYVw dh yEch dfork ^çyki*

çksQslj gjftanj flag ykYVw gSnjkckn esa lS)kafrd ç—fr foKku

¼computational natural sciences½ ds çksQslj gSaA mUgksaus mPp f'k{kk çkIr dh

dkuiqj vkbZŒvkbZŒVhŒ rFkk fçalVu ¼vejhdk½ fo'ofo|ky; lsA lkFk gh lkFk mudh #fp fganh] ckaXyk rFkk iatkch lkfgR; rFkk lkekftd fodkl ds {ks=ksa ds lkFk Hkh tqM+h gqbZ gSA fganh lkfgR; esa mUgksaus fofHkUu jpukRed fo/kkvksa esa fy[kk gSA vaxzsth] ckaXyk vkSj iatkch ls dbZ dgkfu;k¡] dforkvksa vkSj vkys[kksa ds vuqokn çdkf'kr gq, gSa vkSj vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh v[+kckjksa esa lkS ls vf/kd ekSfyd vkys[k çdkf'kr gSaA dbZ LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa ds lkFk f'k{kk] ukjh vf/kdkj] ukxfjd vkSj ekuo vf/kdkjksa oxSjg fo"k;ksa ij dke fd;k gSA44

buds ik¡p dfork&laxzg çdkf'kr gq, gSa tks bl rjg ls gaS &^,d >hy Fkh cQZ dh* ¼1990 &vk/kkj çdk'ku] Mk;jh esa rsbZl väwcj 2004 &jke—".k çdk'ku½] ^yksx gh pqusaxs jax* ¼2010 &f'kYik;u½] lqanj yksx vkSj vU; dfork,¡ ¼2011 &ok.kh ½] ^ugk dj ugha ykSVk gS cq)* ¼2013 &okXnsoh] chdkusj½A

ijUrq] ge ;gk¡ ij mudh yEch dfork ^çyki* dk ewY;kadu dj jgs gaSA mudh ;g dfork mÙkjmifuos'koknh le; esa cktkjksa dh [kqjkd curs ,d vke vkneh dk egk[;ku gS ftlesa mldh NViVkgV vkSj yxkrkj ,d gh fLFkfr esa thrs jgus dk vfHk'kIr Loj vfHkO;aftr gqvk gSA oks vius vkRedF; esa dgrs gSa fd ^^fody dh dqN iafä;k¡ dfork ds ckjs esa cgqr lkQ dgrh gSa& tSls fd dfork vkneh dk futh ekeyk ugha ,d&nwljs rd igq¡pus ds fy, ,d iqy gS ;k ;g ihM+k fd eSaus cpiu esa ftn D;ksa dh FkhA ek¡ us D;ksa eq>dks >wBk ck;Ldksi ns[kuk fl[kyk;k Fkk\ ck;Ldksih ek;koh nqfu;k esa xksrs yxkdj dfork gesa lPpkbZ rd ys tkrh gSA

brus o"kksaZ ckn nqfu;k dh reke dforkvksa esa ls irk ugha D;ksa fody dh dfork,¡ lcls igys ;kn vk jgh gSaA cpiu esa eqgYys esa ckaXyk dfork ^vkofÙk* djrs gq, dHkh lkspk u Fkk fd ut#y] lqdkar ls vkxs Hkh dqN gksxkA /khjs&/khjs u dsoy vkxs] cfYd ihNs Hkh c<+s ;k ;w¡ dgsa fd ihNs dh jpukvksa esa vkxs dh laHkkouk,¡ fn[kus yxhaA johaæ ls ysdj ?kj esa tcju i<+okbZ xbZ xq#ck.kh ¼vkfn lp txkfn lp] gS Hkh lp ukud gkslh Hkh lp½ rd u tkus D;k&D;k ckrsa vlj dj xbZ gSaA bu fnuksa iBkus [kku dk xk;k Qjhn lqurk gw¡ vkSj yxrk gS

Estelar

288

^D;k gky lqukok¡ fny nk---* ls csgrj D;k fy[kk] D;k xk;k tk ldrk gSA rks ge Bgjs egt fy[kus okys] tks Hkh i<+rs&lqurs gSa] mlh dks nksckjk fy[k Mkyrs gSaA viuk rks lpeqp dqN gS gh ughaA mez ds lkFk esjh dfork e/;oxhZ; tkx#d ij foHkkftr O;fäRo ls tw>us dh ph[k cu xbZ gSA esjh dksf'k'k gS fd dfork esa bZekunkj jgw¡A vDlj ge ikrs gSa fd futh thou esa gekjh çfrc)rk lhfer gS] ij dfork esa og eq[kj gS] tcfd gksuk pkfg, fd dfork esa mruh gh ckr gks ftruh ge thrs gSaA çfrc)rk Lo;a gekjs 'kCnksa esa vkrh gSA blh rjg :i ij /;ku fn, fcuk ge D;k fy[k ldrs gSa\ gj lpsr dfo bu ckrksa dks lksprk gSA dfork ,d rjg dh lsYQ FkSjsih Hkh gSA fy[kdj lqdwu feyrk gSA ;g lq[k mls Hkh pkfg, tks nqfu;k dks cqfu;knh rkSj ij cnyuk pkgrk gS vkSj blds fy, laxfBr ç;klksa ds lkFk tqM+k gSA eSaus ,sls yksxksa dh vksj ls dqN dgus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ;g t:j dguk gS fd dfork dh ek¡x fdruh T;knk gS] ;g dfo;ksa rd dks ugha irk gSA eSaus vkerkSj ls dfork ls foeq[k ekus tkus okyksa ds lkFk gh dfork ppkZ dh gS vkSj ik;k gS fd gj dksbZ dfork ds çfr Lor% f[kaprk gS blfy, vuar laHkkouk gS dfork ds fy,A45

^çyki* dfork Hkh blh mdrkgV ds chp vkRekoykspuk vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr ls Åc dh dfork gSA bl dfork esa dqN u;k u gksus vkSj cnyko u gksus dk }U} lkQ >ydrk gSA ;kuh] dg ldrs gSa fd bl dfork dk ruko e/;oxZ ds ,d gh fLFkfr esa jgus vkSj ,d gh ckr] ,d gh thou 'kSyh ds nksgjko dk ruko gSA ugha mYykl ugha ;g czãkaM] tks gks jgk çlkj@ph[ksa gSa] gS nq%[k gh vfuokj vijaikj@gS] vo'; gS dksbZ bZ'oj d.k&d.k esa O;kIr@l[kk ugha] 'k=q gS og] tkuks tks djks f'kuk[r@;qf/kf"Bj] D;ksa fuokZd] vks uhfrfo'kkjn]@ihM+kvksa ls ns[k Hkjk ;g lalkj yckyc@2009 esa D;k gqvk Fkk\@iwNrk gw¡ fd 9002 esa D;k gksxk\@lkis{krk ls ljkcksj c;kuksa esa NwV tkrs gSa ph[kksa ds jax@tks 2009 ls tqM+s gSa 9002 ls tqM+saxs@lkekU; lk og o"kZ@ftlesa tknqbZ tks dqN Fkk dqN furkar futh fof{kIr {k.k@tks dqN gksxk dqN furkar futh fof{kIr {k.k@rhu lkS lok iSalB fnuksa dh vf[ky okf"kZdh esa ekuo ds fy, nl feuV <w¡<rk gw¡@gtkjksa lky ckn dHkh iwNw¡xk@9002 esa D;k gqvk Fkk\46

bl rjg ls dfo ds Hkhrj vke vkneh ds crkSj tks >qa>ykgV O;ä gksrh gS] mlh dks dfo us y; nh gS vkSj /khjs&/khjs ml dsaæ dh vksj ruko dks ys

Estelar

289

tkrk gS tgk¡ ij og peRdkfjd vkSj <ksaxh tknwxj dk vlyh :i igpku ldsA bl rjg ls] dfork ds Hkhrj dk tks 'kksj gS] og lkQ lqukbZ nsrk gSA mldh mBk&iVd vkSj efLr"d ij mldh [kjksap yxkrkj iM+rh tkrh gSA vkneh dks liuksa ds cktkj esa ys tkrk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkt+knh ds lius csprk gS tknwxj@vkneh dh fpark esa ckj&ckjdbZ ckj yxkrkj jksrk gqvk fn[krk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkneh dh ijaijkvksa esa ys tkrk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkneh&vkneh dgrk@vkneh dks vkneh vkneh dgdj fpYykrk gS tknwxj@vkneh tkurk gS fd liuksa dh [k+jhnnkjh vkt nks vkSj pkj dk dkjksckj gS@vkneh tkurk gS fd jk"Vªh; >aMk ftl ij yisVk x;k gS og ,d tknwxj dh yk'k gS@vkneh tkurk gS fd nq%[kksa ls Hkjk czãkaM gS] nq%[kksa dk leanj gS]@nq%[kksa dk igkM+ gS@vkneh tkurk gS fd lc dqN xìeì gS] [k;ky xìeì gSa] nq%[k xìeì gSa@vkneh tkurk gS fd lR; vlR; gS] fo'okl vfo'okl gS] ;qfä ;qfäghu gS@vkneh tkurk gS fd thou lwpukvksa ds czãjk{kl dh yhn gSA47

bl rjg ls dfo] dfork esa ,d vthc lh fLFkfr ls xqtjrk gSA mlds curs fc[kjrs n`f"Vdks.k gSaA mldh viuh vthc&lh xìeì gksrh y; gS vkSj v¡/ksjs esa gkFk&iSj ekjrk gqvk vkneh dfork ds Hkhrj ls ckgj fudyrk gSA dgk tk ldrk gS] ;g dfork u dsoy vke vkneh dh ;FkkfLFkfr dks gh çLrqr djrh gS cfYd cktkj ls mlds O;ogkj vkSj eqíkfoghu lÙkk ls lapkfyr gksrs vU;euLd euq"; dh tfVyrk vkSj [kht dfork dks ?klhV jgh gS vkSj bl ?klhV dh ljljkgV dks ikBd Hkh eglwl djus yxrk gSA og tkurk gS fd vkneh [kkldj e/;oxZ dsoy lwpukvksa dks gh egRo nsrk gS D;ksafd mls dsoy çfr;ksfxrk ;k Lo;a dks tkudkj n'kkZus dh yyd tks gSA Hkys gh mldh fo'ys"k.k {kerk dqN u gksblfy, og dgrk gS] vkneh tkurk gS fd thou lwpukvksa ds czãjk{kl dh yhn gSA ,dek=@lR;@tks@lR;@gS@og@gS@Hkw[k@nwj lQsn nhokjksa ij pedrh /kwi gS@gok ds d.k ijLij nwj gksrs tk jgs@çdk'k ds lkFk rki dk vglkl rjafxr gks jgk@teha ls vkLkeka rd /k/kd jgh gS fQtk@,dek= lR;@og gS Hkw[k gS tks lR;@tj&tks: tehu Hkj

Estelar

290

ugha@;g Hkw[k fuxyrh gS [kqn dks gh@Øe'k% vkSj vkSj fodjky curh@dkSu dg ldrk gS fd gS mith@fdl Hkw[k ls dkSu lh dyk@J`a[kyk dkSu lh dkSu lh foJ`a[kyk@dSlk /keZ dSlk eeZ@;g xjhc dh Hkw[k ugha tks pkgrh vUu xeZ@;g lR; ml nqfu;k dk gS@tgk¡ fdlh pht dh deh ugha@fQj Hkh tSls dqN Hkh gS ugha@bl rjg nkSM+s vkrs gSa yksyqi@vk¡[ksa] varfM+;k¡] f'k'u] ;ksfu;k¡@lc dqN pck tkus ij Hkh tks ugha feVrh@;g lR; ml Hkw[k dk gSA48

bl rjg dfo dgrk gS fd bl nqfu;k esa dsoy ,d gh lR; gS] oks gS Hkw[kA vkSj] fdl rjg ls] Hkw[k bl mBk&iVd dks vkSj c<+krh gS vkSj blls vkneh fdlh Hkh gn rd tk ldrk gSA bl rjg ls] ;g dfork vdfork tSlh Hkh yxrh gSA ;g gksuk Hkh LokHkkfod gS D;ksafd dfork dh cqukoV esa vtuchiu dk egRoiw.kZ gkFk gSA bl dfork dk vkneh my>k gqvk rks gS ysfdu og tkurk gS fd Hkw[k gh lcls cM+h pht gSA bl rjg] bl Hkw[k ds fxnZ ml laosnuk vkSj yqIr gksrh vknfe;r dks cpkus vkSj mls lesVus dh dksf'k'k Hkh dfork esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;g /kjrh jgus yk;d ugha gS@;g /kjrh jgus yk;d ugha gS@vk gk gk eSa dgk¡ [kks x;k@bruh ckfj'k gksrh jgh@cw¡nsa fVi&fVi cnu ij vk&vk fxjrha@vkSj eSa dgk¡ [kks;k jgk@fdruh ckrsa cw¡nksa ls djuh Fkha@;gk¡&ogk¡ gj txg tks Qy jgha myVckfl;k¡@muls ,d&,d dj lquuh Fkha@eSa tkus dgk¡ [kks x;k@gokvksa esa tks ph[k lqurs gks] og cgkj dh xw¡t gS@cgkj vk;h gS nq%LoIuksa dk cks> fy,@cgkj vk;h gS [kcjsa fy, fd cgqr lkjs yksx ges'kk ds fy, /kjrh ls mM+ pqds gSa@varfj{k ls fdl tkfuc os vk;s Fks fdl tkfuc os pys x, dkSu tkurk gS@os enZ Fks ;k vkSjr fdldks [kcj gSA49

dfo dk ;g vkyki mls vkSj l?ku o xgjs O;FkZrk cks/k ls Hkj nsrk gSA tc og dgrk gS fd ;g /kjrh jgus yk;d ugha gS D;ksafd lÙkk vkSj lekt ds [kks[kysiu] e/;oxZ dh uSfrdrk dk vkSj mFkys lkSUn;Z ds chp dfo dh ?kqVu dk lVhd fp= dfork ds Hkhrj gSA og ckfj'k ds cwanksa ls ckr djuk pkgrk gS ysfdu mlds thou dks ;g vodk'k ughaA og thou dh lw{e vuqHkwfr;ksa dks lesVuk pkgrk gS ysfdu ughaA og bruk my> x;k gS fd oSdfYid nqfu;k

Estelar

291

clkus dh lksp Hkh ysrk gS ij ;gk¡ Hkh ,d vthc vtuchiu mls ?ksj nsrk gSA oks dgrs gSa] dkSu tkus oks vkSjr Fks ;k enZA

v¡/ksjk mrjrk gS] v¡/ksjs us ofnZ;ka iguh gqbZ gSaA v¡/ksjs ds gkFkksa esa@canwdsa gSaA v¡/ksjs esa ph[krh csfV;k¡ gSaA@,d Qkjsufld fo'ks"kK dk dguk gS fd og rkjh[k gS tc ,d vkt+kn lqcg dks@jksdus ds fy, csfV;ksa dks phjQkM+ dj pck jgs Fks tkuojA ;qf/kf"Bj] dksbZ@fcac crkvks] dfork dks yhd ij ykvksA dqN xhr&lk gks] dqN çxhr&lk gksA dqN@,slk fd vkykspd vkReh; 'kCn <w¡< ldsa] dqN rxTtqy gks] dqN ckr gks] dqN@ckr gksA@ph[ksa csfV;ksa dh xw¡trh jgha igkM+ksa ds chpA cs/krh jgha pêkuksa dksA@lfn;ksa ls mQu jgh rkjh[k dh xw¡t meM+rh pyh gSA toku yM+fd;ksa dks@egk'kwU; esa /kdsy /kjrh catj gksrh pyh gSA@gj fnu xqtjrk gS@eksnh dh ltk esa ,d fnu vkSj de gks tkrk gS

bl rjg yksdra= g¡lrk jgrk gS [kqn ij [kqn@1984] 1992& 2002&2991&4891&Nqd Nqd Nqd@fd clar dk lkewfgd cykRdkj gks jgk gS [kcj vkrh gS@lLrs fVdVksa ij Qwyksa dh ;ksfu;k¡ fcd jgh gSa [kcj vkrh gS@dksbZ dgrk gS fd gj Qwy gksrk gS ,d bUlku@elyk tk jgk gS gj vksj bUlku@ns[kks jhvy opqZvy xHkZorh vkSjrsa uaxh ukp jgha@lpeqp bl jkr dh dksbZ lqcg ugha@xqM xousaZl ds liuksa esa ,DLVslh th jgs Hkys yksx gSa@pkjksa vksj larq"V yksx gSa@fd gesa besftUM Qh;j ls ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg, larq"V yksx gSaA50

bl rjg ls] dfo ekuoh; vfLrRo vkSj lekt esa mldh vfHkO;fä vkSj vkt+knh ds [k+Re gksrs Lisl dks ysdj fpafrr gSA og ,d ,slh txg dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS tgk¡ ij viuh ckr dgus vkSj nwljs dh ckr lquus dk gd çR;sd O;fä dks gSA bl cgkus og L=h eqíksa vkSj gkfy;k gq, ?kVukØe dks Hkh dfork ds ek/;e ls viuk fojks/k ntZ djokrk gS vkSj vkHkklh gksrs oSf'odtxr ds chp vyx&Fkyx iM+rs vke eqíksa dks dfork ds chp ykus dk fgek;rh dfo lÙkk ds rFkkdfFkr fodkl iq#"kksa dh Hkh phj QkM+ dj Mkyrk gSA [k+Re gksrh laosnuk ds Hkkoh ifj.kke vkSj orZeku dks O;ä djrk gqvk dfo Hkfo"; dks ysdj fpafrr gSA mldh ;g fpark Hkh tk;t gSA bl rjg] og dgrk gS fd og bl v¡/ksjs esa u;h rkjh[kas <wa<+rk gSA

Estelar

292

v¡/ksjs esa <wa<rk gw¡ ubZ rkjh[ksaA@v¡/ksjs esa lqurk gw¡ tkus fdruh lfn;ksa ls ph[k jgh gSa vkf'k;k vkSj uhyksQjA@csfV;k¡ rkjh[k esa rCnhy gks x;h gSaA@csfV;k¡ ckx esa tk jgh gSaA esgurh toku csfV;ksa ls feyus mrj vk;s gSa@jaxhys vcz /kjrh ijA csfV;k¡ cgrs ukys esa ikuh Nydkrh gqbZ ukprh gSa@dne&dneA lqMkSy psgjksa ij vk¡[ksa vkil esa [ksy jgh gSa vutkus [krjukd [ksyA@iydsa mBh gqbZ gSa erokyhA ;kSou ls mYyflr unh taxy xkrs gSa vkus okyh@vkt+kn lqcg ds xhrA51

bl rjg ls] og yxkrkj 'kksf"kr gksrh] firlÙkk ds gkFkksa dqpys tkus dks etcwj L=h dks] bl ruko dks] dsaæ esa j[krk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh rjg ls thou dks cpkus ds fy, u;h rkjh[kas <wa<uk pkgrk gSA bl rjg] ;g dfork tSlk fd eSaus igys gh dgk Fkk ,d egk[;ku jprh gSA cgqr lkjs ;FkkFkZ bl dfork esa vkils l?ku :i esa tqM+s gq, gaS ftuesa jktuSfrd eksgHkax] mÙkj mifuos'kokn] mÙkjk/kqfud gksrs le; esa laca/k ds lkFk iwathokn dk vtuchiu rFkk O;FkZrkcks/k] vusdkFkZrkcks/k dk xgjk lkeatL; gS blds fo/kku dks [khapus esaA blfy, bl dfork dh y; ds Hkh vius IykV gS ftu ij ;g Øe'k% /kheh vkSj rst gksrh gSA xq.kkRed foPNsn bldks cka/ks j[krk gS blfy, bl dfork dks ysdj ;qok dfo vts; dh ;g fVIi.kh LokHkkfod gS fd ^^dkalUVªsV ugha dj ik;kA dgha&dgha y; idM+ eas vkrh gS] cgqr txgksa ij HkVd x;kA esjh viuh gh le> dh lhek,a gksaxhA VsLV ¼Lokn½ dk QdZ gksxkA ykYVw vPNs dfo gSa] ij bl dfork dks rHkh ilUn dj ikÅ¡xk] tc fdlh [kkl ewM eas gh lgh] ;g [kqn dks i<+ok ysxhA**52

[kkl bl dfork dh viuh ekax gSA vkSj og gS] fdlh ,d txg dh >YykgV vkSj ml txg ij dfork dk vFkZ thou ls fHkUu ugha gks ldrkA eSa ,d ckj ds fy, dg ldrk gw¡ fd ;g dfork vdfork dh dfork dh vxyh dM+h gSA vxj vc og vkUnksyu nksckjk mBrk gS vkSj mlesa ;kSu fcEc de gksaxs vkSj ;gh foJa`[kyrk dk ekgkSy vf/kd gksxk D;ksafd bl le; dk lkSan;Z vkSj egkuxjh e/;oxZ dk [kks[kykiu rFkk lkFk gh] ;g dsoy vkt+knh ls eksgHkax dh dfork ugha gksxhA ;g gksxh foKku ls eksgHkax dh dforkA ;g gksxh O;fä ds yxkrkj O;fäxr gksrs thou ls [kht dh dforkA ;g gksxh opqZvy gksrs le; ds Hkhrj ls ckgj u >k¡d ikus ls mdrkbZ dforkA ;g gksxh oSf'od cktkj ds chp [kM+s ,d fof{kIr dh dfork vkSj ;g gksxh yqVs&gkjs vke vkneh vkSj L=h dh dforkA blfy,] dsoy ;g dgdj dfork dh bl Hkafxek dks vLohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g gekjs ml Hkfo"; dh dfork gS ftls ysdj dksbZ Hkh vk'oLr ugha gSA dfo us mls cl vkSj xgurk ls le>us dh dksf'k'k dh gS&

Estelar

293

D;k d:¡] Mjiksd gw¡] Mjrk gw¡@dgrs gSa fd fgVyj dk VsDuksyksth esa dksbZ tksM+ ugha Fkk---@/kjrh catj gksrh pyh gSA Hk{kdksa dh Vki ls mM+rs gSa coaMj] dk¡irs gSa@ek¡vksa ds fnyA nsj rd lqurh gS vkokjk dqÙkksa dk #nu&phRdkjA@nks dqÙks ,d pêku ij@,d Hkwjk ,d dkyk@ijLij ls nks QhV nwj ysVs gq, gSa@,d lekarj fo'o gS@tgk¡ Hkwjs okys dqÙks dk jax dkyk gS@ogk¡ gks ldrk gS eksnh dk jax vglku tkQjh lk@ogk¡ dkSu dqÙks dh ekSr ejrk gS@ij eq>s fdlh dh ekSr ls D;k ysuk@eSa ukfLrd@l`tu ds vf[ky fu;e gh esjs bZ'oj@eSa fdlh dh e`R;q dh dkeuk ugha djrk@dkys ;k Hkwjs dqÙks dh rks drbZ ugha@,d nwljs esa cny ldrs gSa ikfdLrku fganqLrku Hkh@elyu eSa gks ldrk gw¡ ikfdLrkuh@vkSj ijost fganw HkkbZ fganqLrkuh@çse uQjr lc vny&cny ldrs gSa@fQrjr gekjh fd ckj ckj mB [kM+s gks ge dgrs jgas@fd gekjs lekarj lalkj esa uQjr u gksxh@u gksxk ogk¡ dksbZ vkslkek] cq'k] eksnh@dksbZ rklhj blfy, u ekjk tk,xk@fd mlus esjh csVh ds ekFks ij gS gkFk j[kk@fd csfV;k¡ ogk¡ nkSM+rh vk,¡xh@esjs lhus ls fyiV tk,¡xh@vkSj okil ykSV vius u`R;yksd esa tk,¡xh@rk rk FksbZ FksbZ rk rk FksbZ FksbZ xk,¡xhA53

;g iwjk ruko tgk¡ O;oLFkk dks ysdj pyrk gS ogha eqfDrdkeh dfo viuh xgu mnklh okyh vk'kk esa ykSV vkrk gS] fopkj ds ikl vkSj fopkj mls vk'oLr djrk gS fd vHkh Hkh mldh lkOkZHkkSfedrk gS] oks dj ldrk gS vkSj dfo vius e/;oxZ ds pfj= dks m?kkM+rk gSA D;k d:a] Mjiksd gw¡] Mjrk gw¡ dgrk gqvk Hkh og viuh ckr dks dgrk gSA fdlh Hkh rjg ls og vius oxZ ds Hkhrj ph[krk gSA ;g mldh vkRekoykspuk dk Loj Hkh gSA

gk] gk] lhuk QVk tkrk gS@bl oDr lHkh eqgkojs gSa uk dke@;qok dfo;ks] ge dSls viuh igpku djsa@fd/kj gSa ge [kM+s@vR;kpkfj;ksa ds lkFk ;k vius tehj ds lkFk@ge [kM+s gksa ij dSls gksa ge [kM+s@tc çse ,d O;FkZ [k;ky cu x;k@gj dksbZ peM+s dk bap&bap csp jgk@lkewfgd eSFkqu gh cpk thou dh ifjHkk"kk esa@;qok dfo;ks] ge dSls viuh igpku djsa@ftUgsa fn[krk ugha fd yksx ej jgs gSa@fd çk.k foyqIr gks jgk gS /kjrh ij ls vuk;kl@os dgrs gSa fd eSa fy[krk gw¡ lk;kl@,d vkSjr ejrh gS lM+d fdukjs bf'rgkj esa@cPps gk¡ cPps ejrs gSa lM+d fdukjs xw ewr esa dhM+ksa tSls@vkneh ejrk gS

Estelar

294

fujarj lH;rk esa@cgqr dqN cgqr lkjs yksxksa dks ugha fn[krk@leLoj fpYykrs gSa os ns[kks ;g gS lk;kl fy[k jgk@tc dgrk gw¡ dfork ugha gS ;gk¡@iwNrs gSa dfork gS dgk¡@D;ksa fy[krk gS dksbZ ckj ckj@cqurk gS 'kCn tky fujarj çyki@foyki foyki foyki foyki@ugha mYykl ugha] tks gks jgk çlkj@ph[ksa gSa] gS nq%[k gh vijaikjA54

vkSj bl rjg] fujarj dfo dks dfork ds :i ls] mlds O;ogkj ls Åc

lh gksus yxrh gSA vly ckr ;g fd e/;oxZ dk dfo dfork ys[ku dks gh cnyko vkSj ØkfUr dk |ksrd ekurk gS vkSj og blh eqxkyrs esa ,d dfork ls cgqr cM+h mEehn dj cSBrk gSA tcfd] dfork ;k lkfgR; ls mitrh psruk dks xksycan djus dk mlds ikl jktuSfrd gLr{ksi ds vykok dksbZ vkSj jkLrk ugha gSA fQj] dfork ;k lkfgR; dks ysdj yw'kqu dh ;g iafä;k¡ eq>s ckj&ckj m)r djus dh bPNk gks jgh gS fd&

^^okeiaFkh ys[kdksa dk vkt nf{k.kiaFkh ys[kdksa esa cny tkuk vklku gSA lcls igyh ckr ;g gS fd vxj vki lekt esa py jgh yM+kbZ;ksa ds lkFk laidZ ugha cuk, j[krs vkSj blds cnys [kqn dks dkap dh f[kM+fd;ksa ds ihNs can dj fy[krs&i<+rs jgrs gks] rks vkids fy, mxz :i ls ifjorZuoknh ;k okeiaFkh cu tkuk vklku gS ysfdu ftl Hkh {k.k vki ;FkkFkZ ds laidZ esa vkrs gaS vki ds lkjs fopkj fc[kj tkrs gSaA can njoktksa ds ihNs jgdj cqfu;knh ifjorZu ds fopkjksa ij vkosxiw.kZ lkspuk cgqr vklku gS ysfdu bruh gh vklkuh ls nf{k.kiaFkh Hkh gqvk tk ldrk gSA if'pe esa blh dks ^lSywu lks'kfyLV* dgk tkrk gSA**55

;gh gky vkt ds e/;oxhZ; dfo ds Hkh gaSA ;gk¡ dfo us blhfy, viuh u;h ih<+h ds dfo;ksa dks f/kDdkjk gS vkSj bl ekgkSy esa n[ky u ns ikus dk rh[kk O;ax dfo us viuh vxyh ihM+h ij fd;k gSA dfork yEch gS vkSj yxkrkj pyrh gS] cka/krh gS vkSj ikBd dks lkspus ij etcwj djrh gSA ;gh bl dfork dh lQyrk Hkh gSA

uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh yEch dfork ^yksx dgrs gaS*

pfpZr ;qok dof;=h uhys'k j?kqoa'kh ds rhljs dfork&laxzg ^vafre iafä* esa 2008 ls lkHkkj m)`r ;g dfork u dsoy vius dFku f'kYi ds vuwBsiu cfYd dF; dh vpwd cs/kdrk ds fy, Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA ftyk fofn'kk ,oa

Estelar

295

mldh rglhy xat cklksnk dh LFkkuh; cksypky vkSj eqgkojs bl dfork dks vU;Fkk Hkh fof'k"V cukrs gSaA –'; vkSj f'kYi dk ;g la;qä f'kYi fganh dfork esa lcls rkth Hkafxek gSA56

bl dfork esa uhys'k us vkt+kn Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k Hkkjr vkSj xk¡o ds thou ij ut+j Mkyh gSA iwjs xk¡o esa ,d dSejk ?kwerk gS tks xk¡o ds gky&pky crkrk pyrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd dfork esa ;g ,d fdLe dk vfHkuo ç;ksx Hkh yxrk gS vkSj ;g muds xkao dh viuh&viuh cksyh Hkh gSA dfork dh 'kq#vkr bl rjg ls gksrh gS&

'kgj esa ços'k dj fy;k dSejs us@fofn'kk dh cksMZ jsyos LVs'ku vkSj csrok unh@unh esa ugkrs gq, yksx tl ds rl #d fugkj jgs gaS dSejs dksA57

igys dfork esa iwjk ifjos'k fn[kk;k x;k gSA fQj] ewy ckr ij vkrh

dfork esa eqís vkSj vke thou ds la?k"kZ] rFkkdfFkr fodkl ds ukjksa dh iksy [kqyrh pyh tkrh gS vkSj dSejk ;g lc crkrk pyk tkrk gS vkSj fodkl dk ekWMy Hkh dSejs ds lkeus gSA dSejk dgrk gS fd &

D;k lpeqp ikuh yM+k,xk ,d fnu ge lc dks@oSls dgk rks tk jgk gS fd vxyk fo'o;q) ikuh dks ysdj gh gksxk@cSdxzkmaM esa csrok cg ejfxYyh xk; cg ugha jgh lqcd jgh gSA58

bl rjg ls çnwf"kr gksrh ufn;ksa vkSj fodkl dh gksM+ esa [k+Re gksrh ufn;ksa vkSj lw[krs tyk'k;ksa dh rqyuk uhys'k us ejfxYyh xk; ls dh gSA os dgrh gSa] csrok cg ugha jgh gS cfYd lqcd jgh gS vkSj ikuh dks ysdj fo'o;q) dh ckr djrs gq, og ;g ugha Hkwyh gS fd bu ufn;ksa esa fo|qr ifj;kstuk,a yxkdj ljdkjsa viuk rks yxkrkj equkQk dek jgh gaS ysfdu vke vkneh dh mUgsa dksbZ ijokg ughaA og yxkrkj çk—frd lalk/kuksa dh ljdkjh ywV dks bafxr djrh gq;h pyrh gS vkSj dSejk cl&LVSaM o cktkj dh rjQ ?kwerk gS & fuEu e/;oxZ yksx gkFk esa >ksyk fy,@cl LVSaM th.kZ&'kh.kZ VwVh&QwVh clsa oSls gh #X.k i'kq@clksa esa fVds gkFk fgykrs yksx dqN clksa ij p<+rs dqN vkrs&tkrs@çrh{kky; esa gSa ,d >q.M lcls cs[kcj xksfV;k¡ [ksyrk gqvk@BlkBl Hkjh nqdkusa ladjh xfy;ka igys rks dHkh yxh ugha

Estelar

296

bruh ladjh@;s efgyk;sa vkt Hkh bruh lVh&lVh vkSj dksus esa nqcddj D;ksa pyrh gSa@ns[kks rks lgh lj ij >ksyk /kjs Vdjkus ls cprha@dSlh lgeh&lgeh lh pyh tk jgh gSa@mUgha dh rjg lM+d ij mnkl cSBh gS xk; vkSj mlds ,su cxy esa@lkbfdy okyk dSfj;j ij jLlh ds >q.M nck jgk gS@cSdxzkmaM esa laxhr --cl LVSaM ij gS iwjk Qksdl@;gk¡ flok; lokyksa ds dqN Hkh frl ij@lokyksa dh /kkj dSejs dh dykckft;ka dj jgh gSa dqan@,d us rko esa dg fn;k@gj vkB fnu esa ekbZd ys ds [kM+s gks tkrs gks rqe yksx@gksr tkr dqN ugha gS gk¡ ugha rks@vkSj ckr vk x;h fcuk fdlh Hkwfedk ds csjkstxkjh ij@dEis;j dSejs ds lkFk igqap x;k pk; dh nqdku ij@pk; okyk Hkëh esa pk; dk gÙkk pykrs ekbd dks ?kwjrs@D;k gS\ ;gk¡ dqN ugha gS& gS gh ugha jkstxkj@gk¡ rks rqe crkvks@gw¡ gw¡ dk\ gj ckr ij rqe yksx eqaMh fgyk nsrs gks@vkSj iwNus ls igys lkspk rks djks fdlls D;k iwN jgs gks \@,d gh ckr dh jV yxk, gks ?kaVs Hkj ls@xzkgdh djsa fd rqels pksap yM+k,a gesa vkSj csjkstxkj djrs tkoks rqe yksxA59

bl dfork esa tgk¡ ,d vksj efgykvksa dh n'kk ij dSejk >qa>ykrk gS fd vkt Hkh ;g lVh&lVh D;ksa pyrh gSa] rks nwljh vksj csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dks mBkrh dfork esa vke tu ds ek/;e ls vkt ds dkiksZjs'ku ehfM;k dh iksy [kksyrs gq, ml ij rh[ks O;aX; fd;s x, gaS vkSj tui{k/kjrk ds fgek;rh lekpkj pSuy vkSj v[+kckjksa ds çfr ;g [kht fdlh Hkh lpsr vkSj lekt ls xgjs tqM+s O;fä ds fy, LokHkkfod gSA ;gh] ;gk¡ ij uhys'k dk Loj Hkh gSA ,slk yxrk gS fd dfo dks vkt ,d fnu ds fy, lekpkj dk dSejk fey x;k gS vkSj og lekt ds çR;sd rcds ij mldks rku nsuk pkgrh gS vkSj lekt esa QSyh lkjh dh lkjh folaxfr;ka [kksy dj lkeus j[k nsuk pkgrh gSA bl rjg ls] ;g dfork fHkUu&fHkUu fdLe ls ,d gh txg okj djrh gSA bl O;OkLFkk ij vkSj mlds [kks[kys vkadM+ksa ijA

bl dfork esa fofHkUu fdLe ds laf'y"V ;FkkFkZ Hkh vkil esa tqM+dj dfork dks ,d Mk;xzkfed lajpuk ls ifjiw.kZ rks djrs gSa] lkFk esa blds ruko dks [kafMr ugha gksus nsrsA lkFk gh dfork –';ksa ij dgh x;h gS dfork gS tgk¡ –'; i<+dj ugha ns[kdj dfork dks eglwl fd;k tkrk gSA ;g bl dfork dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA fQj clkSnk dh xYyh eaMh dk ;g –'; ysa & bUgha dks rks dgrs gS QM+ okfy;ka@bruk Hkh ugha irk vkSj pys gks MkD;wesaVªh cukus@[khap jgs gSa ,d lkFk fdrus gkFk vukt ls Hkjs Bsys

Estelar

297

dks@;g eaMh gS clkSnk dh xYyk eaMh @crk jgk gS QM+ fdruh csbZekuh Hkjh gS yksxksa ds Hkhrj@dSls Bxk&Bxk lk [kM+k gS fdlku@vc le> esa vk;k fd vk¡[kksa esa D;ksa Hkj jgk gS bruk ikuh@cksy jgs gSa fdlku daidikrh vkokt esa@vjs Hk¸;k ge fdlkuksa dh rks HkkSrbZ vkQr gS@gj dksbZ ywVcs dks BkM+ks gS@cfu;k O;kikjh gEeky ge rks lcls ijs'kku gaS vkSj tk /kwjk ls Hkh@¼og /kwy dh vksj b'kkjk dj jgk gS½ @ge xjhc fdlku gSa gekjh dksbZ D;k lqusxkA60

bl rjg ls uhys'k j?kqoa'kh iwjh dfork esa vke vkneh] mldh ijs'kkuh vkSj mlds nq%[k dks dSejs ds cgkus O;ä djrh gSa vkSj vuUr eaMh vf/kdkjh dh ckbZV yh tk jgh gSA dfork esa lkjs lekt dh #X.k >kadh fn[kkus ds ckn dfork O;oLFkk ds ml dsaæ dh vksj igq¡prh gS tgk¡ 'kks"k.k dh egRoiw.kZ uhao gSA tgk¡ ls ;g lc gkykr lapkfyr gksrs gSaA bl dfork dh lcls vPNh ckr ;g gS fd ;g dfork Li"V :i ls Lo;a ij iM+ jgs nckoksa dks tkurh gSA

vc eaMh vf/kdkjh] ftykf/kdkjh] dysDVj] fMIVh dysDVj @rglhynkj dh ckbZV py jgh gS@–'; ds ihNs eqag rkdrs ut+j vk jgs gSa iVokjh] dksVokj@gYdk lk laxhr lekiu dk lk vglkl@var esa pkSjkgs esa [kM+s gksdj dSejs us yisV fy;k iwjs 'kgj dks@fdruk dqN dgrs gSa yksx ftruk T;knk dgrs gaS yksx@mruk gh vulquk djrs gaS vki mudh vkokt dks@yksxksa us viuh dgh lqukbZ vc vki Hkh rks dqN dfg, tukc@ikuh&ikuh fctyh@lM+d&lM+d jkstxkj@eaMh esa fdlku ywV&ywV&ywV@;gh gS rLohj gj ftys dhA61

iwjh dfork dh LFkkuh;rk O;kid :i ls gekjs tuinksa dks tksM+rh var esa O;kid Qyd esa ?kfVr gksrh gSA uhys'k dh bl dfork esa uqDdM+ ukVd ds lkjs rRo rks gaS gh] lkFk esa cnyrs –';ksa us bldks vkSj T;knk ukVdh;rk çnku dh gS vkSj var esa] ftl rjg lkjh leL;k,a ,d txg vkdj #drh gaS] og Hkh dfork dks fo'ks"k egRo çnku djrk gSA dgk tk ldrk gS fd dof;=h us lpsr jktuSfrd –f"Vdks.k ls dfork dks leL;kvksa ds fxnZ rkuk gSA blesa fopkj Hkh gS vkSj ruko dh mÙkjk/kqfud fLFkfr;k¡ Hkh fn[kk;h nsrh gSa vkSj çxfr'khy psruk HkhA uhys'k dh ;g dfork mudh egRoiw.kZ dforkvksa esa ls ,d ekuh tk ldrh gS] blesa dksbZ lansg ughaA

Estelar

298

,dkar JhokLro dh yEch dfork ûkxdslj dk ns'k ;g* ukxdslj NÙkhlx<+ esa ,d yqIr gksrh /kku dh çtkfr gSA bl dfork ds

ek/;e ls dfo us blds fxnZ ,d etcwr dF; dks x<+k gSA dguk u gksxk fd yEch dfork dh dM+h esa bl dfork dks ledyhu dfork dk ekWMy dgk tk ldrk gSA ûkxdslj dk ns'k ;g* dfork 104 i"Bksa dh dfork gSA ;g dfork ewyr% pkj [kaMksa esa foHkkftr gSA buds Hkh vyx&vyx uke gSaA igyk] le; ds [kqjksa ls] nwljk] cp ugha ikrk ns'k] rhljk] mf}Xu uhan esa uhydaB] vkSj pkSFkk] [kkyh McMc vk¡[ksa vkSj bl iwjs vk[;ku dks mUgksaus bl rjg ,d lkFk ck¡/k fn;k gS fd dgha Hkh y; ugha VwVrhA ûkxdslj dk ns'k ;g* dfork esa vyx&vyx LFkkuksa] çns'kksa ds dbZ ç'u fy[ks gSa tks thou dks ubZ fn'kk nsrs gSaA ukxdslj&pkoy dh ,d fdLe gS ftldh viuh tkfrxr igpku gSA ekuoh; thou Hkh ukxdslj dh rjg vfuf'pr gSA xehZ esa vDlj ikuh dh fdYyr gksrh gSA vkSjr ds fy, ;g dfBu =kln le; gksrk gS] ikuh dks ykus dkA bl –'; fcEc dks bl rjg çLrqr fd;k gSA dbZ dksl nwj ls@ikuh dk ?kM+k@flj ij cksgs@uaxs ikao pydj tkrh gqbZ@dkSu gS ;g L=hA62

bl rjg ls] ;g dfork esgurd'k vke vkneh dks xkrh gqbZ dfork gS

tks bl rFkkdfFkr fodkl ds vafre ik;nku ij [kM+k gksdj yxkrkj 'kksf"kr gksus dks etcwj gS rFkk ftldk viuk thou fdlh [krjukd fi'kkp ls de ugha gSA thrk tkxrk ;g ekuo&dadky dsoy yqVrs&fiVrs vke vkneh dh dFkk gh ugha gS cfYd fnu&c&fnu 'kks"k.k ds dlrs f'kdats ds chp viuh thou 'kSyh cpkus vkSj vius yksd dk lkSUn;Z cpkus dh dfork gSA pkoy dh yqIr gksrh çtkfr ds cgkus dfo us dfork dk tks O;kid Qyd [khapk gS] og bl ljy vkSj lk/kkj.k LoHkko okys xzkeh.k LoHkko ds yqIr gksus dh dFkk Hkh gS ftlesa yxkrkj 'kgjksa dk xkaoksa dks fuxyrs tkuk Hkh gSA bl dkj.k Hkh] ;g dfork tuinh; psruk ls ySl dfork dgh tk ldrh gSA jes'k eksgu >k dk dguk gS fd&

ÞdkO;[kaM u gksdj Hkh blesa mlh rjg dh O;kfIr vkSj laosnuk dk foLrkj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA lk/kkj.k vkneh ij vlk/kkj.k dfork dfo us jph gSA bl cnyrs le; esa lH;rk dh Åijh ped&/ked ds Hkhrj mtM+rh lH;rk] lw[krh vkSj fldqM+rh laL—fr dh bl =kln fLFkfr esa dfo dk drZO; gksrk gS

Estelar

299

fd og mnkÙk dks ugha] lk/kkj.k dks Hkh viuh dfork esa xzg.k djsA ;gh vketu dh lH;rk vkSj laL—fr dh uhao dks etcwr j[krs gSaA bl dfork ds dsaæ esa Hkh lk/kkj.k vkneh vkSj mlds pkjksa vksj dfork ?kwerh gSA iwjh dfork ,d l/kh gqbZ xfr esa pyrh gSA vusd [kaMfp=ksa dh lg;rk ls ,d ,slk py&fp=kRed çHkko mRIkUu fd;k x;k gS tks ikBd dks 'kq: ls var rd cka/ks gh j[krk gSA fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd dfo dh vuqHkwfr] lksp] Le`fr vkSj LoIu lc feydj dkO; dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrs gSaA muds Hkko vkSj fopkj dgha Åij ls fpidk, ugha x;s gSa blhfy, dfork esa dksbZ iScan ;k >ksy ugha gSA dfo ds fparu esa dqN 'kCn ;gk¡ cM+s xgjs mrjs gq, gSa] vUu] Hkw[k] feêh o McMc vk¡[ksaA63

;g dfork vkSjr ds /kS;Z lgu'khyrk vkSj ikfjokfjd lsokHkko dks ij[krh gSA ^ukxdslj dk ns'k ;g* dfork esa xzkE; thou dk uSlfxZd vkpj.k vkSj ifjiDo ifj–'; gSA yxrk gS] jpukdkj ml txg [kM+k gksdj dkO; fcEcksa dh isafVax dj jgk gS vkSj lekt] laL—fr ds Nn~e fcEc esa ,dkdkj gks pqdk gS D;ksafd vHkko] Hkw[k] Je dh lPpkb;ksa ds /kkxksa ls jpukdkj iwjh rjg ikjn'khZ gksdj xqtjrk gSA ^cp ugha ikrk ns'k* [kaM esa ns'k ds vkfFkZd] lkekftd fpUru] fpUrkvksa dks ckjhdh ls cquk gSA vkSj ftl uhan esa lius ugha gksrs@ir>M+ ds lw[ks iÙkksa ls@Hkjh gksrh gS og uhan@,d [kwa[kkj xqjkZgV ls@jä vkSj dhpM+ vkSj va/kdkj ls@;s lius gSa@rks uhan esa olar dh rjg vkrs gSa@Hkfo"; ds Qwy rd ys tkrs gSa A64

bl yEch dfork esa dfo igyh ckj viuh cs[kkSQ vlgefr lÙkk ds fo#) çdV djrk gS tcfd igys dh mldh dforkvksa esa ;g lgefr O;atuk vkSj y{k.kk esa tkfgj gq;h gSA dfo ;gk¡ Hkkjh vkØks'k esa gS] og dgrk gS& rksi nks feêh ls@vçklafxd gSa cq) mudh d#.kk vçklafxd gSA65

;g dfork ftl rsoj vkSj dysoj ds lkFk fy[kh xbZ gS mlls iqu% ,d ckj fQj yEch dfork dh Lof.kZe ijaijk ;kn gks vkrh gSA bl fygkt ls ,dkar yEch dfork ds dfo;ksa esa vfxze iafä ds dfo cu tkrs gSaA lgt&ljy vkSj tuinh;rk] oks vk/kqfud le; ds ncko mudh dfork esa ns[ks tk ldrs gaSA dbZ ofj"B vkykspdksa us bls 'kksd xhr ds :i esa i<+us vkSj le>s tkus dh ckr dgh]

Estelar

300

ij ,slk bl dfork dks ns[kdj dgha ugha yxrkA ;g bl va/kdkj dh bZekunkj ph[k gS ftlesa lqcg dh xqatkb'k Hkhrj dgha Nqih gq;h gSA ;g 'kksd xhr ls T;knk yksdra= ls eksgHkax dh dfork gSA nwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr gS fd ;g 'kksd xhr ugha gks ldrh D;ksafd ;g ,dkf’ed ugha gSA ;g tfVy vkSj laf'y"V ;FkkFkksaZ dh dfork gSA tgk¡ rd mtM+rh lH;rk dh ckr gS] tSlk fd uoEcj 2010 ds ^okxFkZ* esa jes'k eksgu >k dk dguk gS fd&

^^bl dfork dks mtM+rh lH;rk ds 'kksd xhr ds :i esa ns[kk vkSj i<+k tkuk pkfg,** ijUrq dfork dks i<+rs gq, ;g yxrk gS fd ;g vly esa mtM+rh lH;rk dk 'kksd xhr ugha cfYd LorU=rk ls LFkkfir thou 'kSyh vkSj yksd dks lÙkk }kjk tcju m[kkM+s tkus dh dfork gS] ladV dh dfork gSA tgk¡ rd lH;rk dk loky gS oks vius vki esa cgqr thfor rRo ugha gSA ;g vly esa] vius lgt pquko dks yksdra= ds uke ij fNuus dh dfork gSA ^mf)Xu uhan esa uhydaB* [kaM dh dfork,¡ vyx vuqHko vuqHkwfr dh gSa ftlesa xzke laosnuk,a viuh cksyh cksyrh gSa& dkykgk.Mh ds nqfHkZ{k dk Hkko laosnu ;g gS fd& eq>s Hkw[k ls cgqr Mj yxrk gS@tSls [kwu esa ?kwerk gS yksgk@;g Mj@?kwerk gS esjh /kefu;ksa esa@esjh f'kjkvksa esa@os dkykgk.Mh ds nq%LoIu gSa@tksdg rksM+ nsrs gSaA esjh uhan pkSFkk [kaM] ^[kqyh McMc vka[k* mu thou dh rdyhQksa dk vglkl djkrh gS tks ekuoh; thou esa dgha u dgha fdlh u fdlh :i esa mRihM+u iSnk dj ekufld :i ls m}sfyr djrh gS] tSls& ufn;ka ftUgsa dksbZ leqæ ugha feyrk@tks viuk MsYVk ugha cukrh@tks cl tUe ysrh gSa@ vkSj ,d fnu@Mwc tkrh gSa@vius gh xgjs vFkkg ty esaA66

;g dfork NÙkhlx<+ ds vapy fo'ks"k ds Hkwxksy ds ljksdkjksa rd lhfer ugha gS D;ksafd dfo ,d nqfu;k esa ugha] dbZ nqfu;kvksa esa jgrk gSA og ,d le; esa ugha vusd le;ksa esa jgrk gSA bl dfork dk QSyko Hkh NÙkhlx<+ ls vQxkfuLrku rd dk gSA tkudkfj;ksa dk foLrkj Hkh tks gesa le`) djrh pyrh gSA67

^ukxdslj dk ns'k ;g* dfork lkekftd thou ds Bgjko vkSj mldh futZurk dk Hkze rksM+rh gSaA tíkstgn djrh gqbZa ewY;ksa vkSj ekuoh; psruk dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSaA euq"; vkSj ns'k ds fodkl esa Hkkxhnkjh ysrh gqbZa Hkkjrh; lekt ds O;kid fodkl ,oa mnkjhdj.k esa fgLlsnkjh ysrh gSaA laosnughurk ds lkjs dop rksM+rh gSaA mUgsa iwjh vk'kk vkSj mEehn gS fd&

Estelar

301

idus ds ckn egdrk gS Qy@vkx tyrh gS@rks vUu idrk gS@idrk gS fd cgqr dqN dPpk@vkSj gjk gS vHkh@id jgk gS Msdph esa dqN@vkSj dqN efLr"d esaA68

vuhrk oekZ dh yEch dfork ^oku x‚x ds vfUre vkRefp= ls ckrphr*

;g dfork vuhrk oekZ dh dfork gS vkSj fHkUu rduhdh vkSj f'kYi ds

:i esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA tSlk fd igys v/;k; esa geus yEch dfork ds Lo:i foospu ij dqN egRoiw.kZ 'kSfy;ksa ij ckr dh gSA ;g dfork Hkh mUgha 'kSfy;ksa esa ls ,d dfork gSA dof;=h bl dfork esa çfl) fp=dkj ^oku x‚x* ls ckrphr djrh gSaA dfork dks dfo us cktkj vkSj mldh Hk;kogrk ds chp ns[kk gSA ekuoh; laosnukvksa vkSj ekuo fojks/kh O;oLFkk dh vkilh VDdj ds chp laca/kksa] çse vkSj ln~Hkkouk tSls vkfne laosxksa dks cpkus dh NViVkgV dfork esa lkQ lquh Hkh tk ldrh gS vkSj ns[kh Hkh tk ldrh gSA

ijUrq blls iwoZ fd ge dfork ij ckr djsa] oku dkSu Fkk] ;g Hkh tkuuk

t:jh gks tkrk gSA foUlsaV foyse oSu xks Mp Vincent Willem van Gogh 30 ekpZ]

1853&29 tqykbZ 1890 uhnjyS.M ds vR;ar çfrHkkoku fp=dkj Fks ftudh ij&çHkkooknh fp=dkjh us 20oha 'krkCnh dh vk/kqfud dyk ij vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA buds fp= fo'kn jaxksa vkSj laosnukvksa ls Hkjs gSaA thou Hkj bUgsa dksbZ lEeku ugha feyk] cfYd ekufld jksxksa ls yM+rs jgsA viuk dku rd dkV Mkyk vkSj varr% 37 o"kZ dh vk;q esa xksyh ekjdj vkRegR;k dj yhA e`R;ksijkar budh [;kfr c<+rh gh xbZ vkSj vkt bUgsa lalkj ds egkure~ fp=dkjksa esa fxuk tkrk gS vkSj vk/kqfud dyk ds laLFkkidksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA oSu xks us 28 o"kZ dh vk;q esa fp=dkjh djuk 'kq# fd;k vkSj thou ds vafre nks o"kksaZ esa viuh lcls egRoiw.kZ jpuk,a cukbZaA 9 lky ds le; esa bUgksaus 2000 ls vf/kd fp= cuk, ftuesa yxHkx 900 rSy&fp= 'kkfey gSaA buds }kjk jfpr Lo;a&fp= ifj–';] Nfo;k¡ vkSj lwjteq[kh fo'o dh lcls çfl) vkSj egaxh dyk—fr;ksa esa 'kkfey gSaA oSu xks vius o;Ld thou dh 'kq#vkr esa dyk—fr;ksa ds O;kikfj;ksa ds lkFk dke djrs gq, vkSj n gsx] yanu vkSj isfjl ds chp dkQh ?kwesA blds ckn bUgksaus baXyS.M esa dqN le; i<+k;k HkhA budh dkeuk Fkh iknjh cuus dh vkSj

Estelar

302

blh edln ls bUgksaus 1879 ls csfYt;e dh ,d [kku esa fe'kujh dk dke djuk 'kq# fd;kA blh nkSjku bUgksaus vkl&ikl ds yksxksa ds fp= cukuk 'kq# fd;k vkSj 1885 esa viuh igyh eq[; jpuk vkywgkjh ¼The Potato Eaters½ cukbZA

ml le; ;s vius fp=ksa esa efyu jaxksa dk mi;ksx djrs FksA ekpZ 1886 esa ;s dykdkj cuus dk /;s; ysdj isfjl igqaps vkSj budk lkeuk gqvk Ýkalhlh çHkkooknh dykdkjksa lsA dqN le; ckn ;s nf{k.kh Ýkal igqaps tgk¡ dh pdkpkSa/k /kwi bUgsa cgqr lqgkbZA rcls buds fp=ksa esa pedhys jaxksa dk ç;ksx c<+uk 'kq: gqvkA vkyZ esa jgrs gq, bUgksaus viuh fujkyh 'kSyh fodflr dh ftlls vkt budh igpku gksrh gSA69

oku xkx çHkkooknh fp=dkjksa esa fxus tkrs gaS blhfy, çHkkookn dks Hkh laf{kIr esa tkuuk t:jh gks tkrk gSA

çHkkooknh vkanksyu ds mn; dks QksVksxzkQh ds uo LFkkfir ek/;e ds çfr dykdkjksa dh çfrfØ;k ds va'k ds :i esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;FkkFkZ dks gw&c&gw fpf=r djus ds fy, ,d u;k ek/;e miyC/k djkus dh otg ls] fLFkj ;k fu'Ny Nfo;ksa dks xzg.k djuk fp=dkjksa ds fy, ,d pqukSrh cu x;kA 'kq:vkr esa] QksVksxzkQh dh ekStwnxh] ç—fr&fp=.k vkSj okLrfodrk dks çfrfcafcr djus esa dykdkj dh {kerk dks uqdlku igqapkus okyh yxhA nksuksa] fp= vkSj çk—frd –'; okys fp= dqN gn rd detksj vkSj ;FkkFkZ ls nwj yxus yxsA pwafd] QksVksxzkQh us thoar Nfo;ksa dks vf/kd dq'kyrk vkSj fo'oluh;rk ds lkFk is'k fd;kA vYÝsM fllyh] lsaV&ekfVZu ugj dk –';] isfjl] 1870 E;wth Mh'vkslsZ ds ckotwn] QksVksxzkQh us okLro esa dykdkjksa dks ;FkkFkZ dk vuqdj.k djus ds fy, QksVksxzkQh ds lkFk çfrLi/kkZ djus ds ctk;] vyx dykRed vfHkO;fä ds lk/ku ryk'kus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k vkSj dykdkjksa us viuk /;ku ml ,d pht ij dsafær fd;k tks vfuok;Zr% os QksVksxzkQh ls csgrj dj ldrs Fks ;kuh Nfo dh ladYiuk dh ewy vokLrfodrk dks ftls QksVksxzkQh us gVk;k Fkk] dyk :i esa vkSj fodflr djukA çHkkookfn;ksa us nqfu;k dh okLrfod ijNkbZ ;k çfrfcac rS;kj djus dh txg] ç—fr dh viuh /kkj.kk O;ä dhA blus dykdkjksa dks muds }kjk viuh #fp vkSj foosd dh vfuok;Z varfuZfgr Hkkouk ls ns[kh xbZ fo"k;oLrq dks fpf=r djus dh NwV nhA QksVksxzkQh us fp=dkjksa dks jax tSls fp= ek/;e ds igyqvksa dks mtkxj djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k ftldk ml le; dh QksVksxzkQh esa vHkko FkkA çHkkookfn;ksa us gh igys&igy QksVksxzkQ ds fy, iwjh le> ds lkFk O;fä&lkis{k fodYi çLrqr fd;kA70

Estelar

303

vc ge dfork dh ckr djrs gSaA vuhrk oekZ dh ;g dfork dykdkj

vkSj mlds thou dh fogaxe >kadh dks O;ä djrh gS vkSj dykdkj dh uSfrdrkvksa] lhekvksa ls yxkrkj Vdjkrh gS vkSj fdl rjg ,d dykdkj vius thou ds nq%[k dks xkrk gS] fdl rjg mls vius thou esa lgt vkSj ,d vfuok;Z ?kVuk dh rjg viukrk gS vkSj fdl rjg mls vius thou esa] dyk esa vkSj lkfgR; esa <ky ysrk gS] blh dh dgkuh dgrh gSA ;g dfork] dykdkj thou ds thou&cks/k vkSj mlds lkSUn;Z dks] pqukSrh dks O;ä djrh gSA ,d iqjkus ifjfpr psgjs ij@u VwVus dh iqjkuh pkg Fkh@vka[ksa cs/kd ruh gqbZ ukd @fNius dh dksf'k'k djrk Fkk dVk gqvk dku@nwljk dku lqurk Fkk nqfu;k dh csjgeh dks@O;kikj dh nqfu;k esa og vkneh I;kj dk bUrtkj djrk Fkk@eSaus taxy dh vkx tSlh mldh nk<+h dks Nqvk@mls FkksM+k lk D;k ugha fd;k tk ldrk Fkk dkyk@vka[ksa dqN dksey dqN rjy@ruh gqbZ ,d gjh ul tjk lk fgyh tSls dgrh gks@thou ds tyrs vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa D;k tkurh gks rqe@ge ogka pydj ugha tk ldrs@ogka vka[kksa dks pkSaf/k;krk gqvk ;FkkFkZ gS vkSj vU/ksjh gok gS@tUe ysrs gSa lp vkRek vius diM+s mrkjrh gS@vkSj ge fxjrs gSa ogha csneA71

cktkj vkSj mlds pdkpkSa/k esa I;kj <aw<rs dykdkj dh O;Fkk dks bl dfork esa çeq[krk ls mBk;k x;k gSA bl cgkus dof;=h vkt ds cktkj gksrs laca/kksa ij Hkh ckr djrh gS fd lPps çse dh bl nqfu;k esa dksbZ dæ ugha gSA vkneh çse dks [kwclwjrh vkSj /ku&nkSyr ls rkSyrk gS vkSj mlds fy, çse ,d Qarklh dh rjg gSA bl lcds chp dof;=h dykdkj ds ml nq%[k dks m?kkM+rh gq;h ikBd ds lkeus j[krh gS ftl nq%[k us mls ,d egku dykdkj gksus dk çek.k fn;k& ;s vka[ksa fdruh vyx gSa@budh ped Hkhrj rd mrjrh gqbZ dgrh gS@I;kj ekaxuk ew[kZrk gS@og flQZ fd;k tk ldrk gS@Hkw[k vkSj nq%[k flQZ lgus ds fy, gSa@eq>s ;kn vkbZa foUlsUV oku x‚x dh rLohjsa@foUlsUV uhys ;k yky jax esa foUlsUV cq[kkj esa @foUlsUV fcuk flxkj ;k flxkj ds lkFk@foUlsUV nq%[kksa ds chp ;k gjh yiVksa okyh vka[kksa ds lkFk@;k mldk leqæ dk psgjkA72

dfork esa fp=dkj ds çR;sd fp= ls ckr djrh gq;h dof;=h mlds jaxksa dh Hkk"kk dks ikBdksa rd igqapkrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd cktkj esa I;kj ek¡xuk oks

Estelar

304

Hkh fo'kq)] fdruh ew[kZrk dk dke gSA bl rjg ls] dof;=h dh iwjh laosnuk fp=dkj ds lkFk gSA og Hkkoqd Hkh gksrh gS vkSj crkrh gS fd mldh vk¡[kksa esa fdl rjg ,d çse dk leqæ Fkk ftls dksbZ ugha le> ik;k mlds vkRefp= ds flokA eSaus ns[kk mlds lksus dk dejk@ogka nks njokts Fks@,d ls vkrk Fkk thou@nwljs ls xqtjrk fudy tkrk Fkk@os nksuksa dqflZ;ka vUrr% [kkyh jgha@,d dkyh eqLdku mldh frrfy;ksa] xsgwa ds [ksrksa@rkjksa Hkjs vkdk'k] Qwyksa vkSj fpefu;ksa ij eaMjkrh Fkh@vkSj ,d Hkze tSlh cspSuh@tks iwjh gks tkrh Fkh vkSj cuh jgrh Fkh@ftlesa dqN tksM+k ;k ?kVk;k ugha tk ldrk Fkk@,d 'kkUr ikxyiu rkjksa dh rjg pedrk jgk dqN nsj@foUlsUV cksyk] esjk jkLrk vklku ugha Fkk@eSa pkgrk Fkk mls tks xgjkbZ vkSj dfBukbZ gS tks@lpeqp I;kj gS viuh ifo=rk esa@blfy, eSaus [kqn dks vdsyk fd;k@eq>s ;kruk nsrs jgs esjs vius jax@bu ydhjksa esa vU;k; fNis gSa@;g lc ,d dfBu 'kkfUr rd igqapuk Fkk@iupfDd;ka esjh detksjh jgha@t:jh gS fd gok mUgsa pykrh jgs@eSa fxM+fxM+kuk ugha pkgrk@vkyw [kkus okyksa vkSj 'kjkc ihus okyksa ds fy, Hkh ugha@eSaus mUgsa thou dh rjg pkgk gSA73

;g ,d baVjO;w dh 'kSyh esa fy[kh x;h dfork gS tks fp=dkj ds vafre vkRefp= ls eq[kkfrc dof;=h }kjk fy;k x;k gSA bl baVjO;w ds cgkus dof;=h us loZgkjk ,oa mldh psruk dks dfork esa <kyk gSA mlds çeq[k fp=ksa esa ls ,d fp= vkywgkjh dk ftØ djrs gq, oks fp=dkj ds tui{kh; vkSj mlds vke vkneh ds lkFk ds yxko dks O;ä djrh gS vkSj lkFk gh foalsUV dk viuk thou fdlh ;kruk ls de ugha Fkk ysfdu og dHkh viuh etcwfj;ksa ds lkeus fxM+fxM+k;k ughaA mlus vke vkneh dks thou dh rjg I;kj fd;k&

vyfonk eSaus gkFk feyk;k mlls@dgks dqN dqN gekjs fy, djks@dVs gksaBksa esa Hkh eqLdjkrs foUlsUV cksyk@le; rc Hkh rkjksa dh rjg fc[kjk gqvk Fkk@bl ujd esa Hkh u`R; djrh jgh esjh vkRek@Qly dkVus okyh e'khu dh rjg@eSa dkVrk jgk nq%[k dh Qly @vkRek Hkh ,d jax gS@,d çdk'k Hkwjk uhyk@vkSj nq%[k mls QSykrk tkrk gSA74

bl rjg ls ;g dfork foalasV ds thou&o`Ùk dks ysdj fy[kh x;h dfork gSA ;g cgqr yEch ugha gS ij blesa yEch dfork dk xq.k fo|eku gSA foalasV ds

Estelar

305

cgkus dof;=h us vius ledkyhu varfoZjks/kksa dh iM+rky djrs gq, dkykdkj ds R;kx] mlds la?k"kZ vkSj jpukRed uSfrdrk dks dfork ds ek/;e ls mBk;k gSA mldk nq%[k fdl rjg vke vkneh dk nq%[k gS] fdl rjg ,d dykdkj bl nq%[k dks xhr fp=ksa vkSj dfork rd ys vkrk gS bl çfØ;k dh xgjh iM+rky dfork ds ek/;e ls dh x;h gSA

¼c½ fparu –f"V ekDlZokn cuke mÙkj&vk/kqfudrk

bl v/;k; dh fparu –f"V ds vk/kkj ij ge ekDlZokn vkSj mÙkj&vk/kqfudrkokn dk ewY;kadu djasxsA cgqr T;knk nk'kZfud cgl esa u my>rs gq, lh/ks dfork] lkfgR; vkSj lekt ij mlds çHkko dh ckr djsaxsA igyh ckr rks] bu nksuksa /kkjkvksa dk ewY;kadu ge ,d lkFk djsaxs vkSj nwljk] bl vk'k; ls Hkh fd D;k okdbZ bu nks /kkjkvksa esa fdl rjg dk vkilh ruko ;k lekurk gS ;k vlgefr gSA igyh ckr rks ;gha ls Li"V gks tkrh gS fd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ykydqrhZ iBkuksa dk ,d laxBu Fkk tks fdlh rjg ls ekDlZ ls çHkkfor jgs rFkk nwljh vksj ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k fd vkt+knh ds vkUnksyu esa Hkh dE;qfuLVksa ds vius laxBu Fks vkSj og Hkkjrh; tu ekul dks viuh rjg ls çHkkfor djrs jgs gaSA fQj] vkt+kn Hkkjr esa rsHkkxk] rsyaxuk esa fdlku&foæksg rFkk uDlyckM+h vkUnksyu us lekt dks cgqr gn rd çHkkfor fd;kA bl ckr dks fu%lansg Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s rks fopkj ds ml i{k dh ckr ftls turk us lh/ks xzg.k fd;kA

blh ds lkFk ;gk¡ ds lkfgR;] dyk] vkSj laxhr esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ cnyko gq, vkSj :i vkSj fo/kkuksa ds lkFk&lkFk dF; ds Lrj ij dfork esa çxfrokn] oke dfork] uDlyckM+h dfork vkSj dgkuh esa Hkh çsepUn bl fopkj&çfØ;k dks cgqr igys Loh—fr ns pqds FksA Hkys dqN Hkh gks ekDlZ ds fopkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk reke okeiaFkh fopkjdksa dks ;gk¡ ds yksxksa us cM+h vkReh;rk ds lkFk i<+k vkSj ftruk Hkh gks ldk mls O;ogkj esa ykus dh Hkjld dksf'k'k gksrh jgh vkSj vkt Hkh gks jgh gSA ;gk¡ rd dh] fganh vkykspuk esa ekDlZoknh vkykspuk dk viuk Lof.kZe le; jgk gS vkSj vkt Hkh blesa cgqr dqN u;k gksus dh xqatkb'k 'ks"k gS] ftl rjQ vkt Hkh gekjh vkykspuk xfr'khy gSA blh ds lkFk] tgk¡ ekDlZokn dh ckr gS] ogka ij Hkh oSf'od ifj–'; esa dkQh dqN ,slk ?kVk gS ftlus

Estelar

306

lekt'kkfL=;ksa dks bl mÙkj gks pqds le; esa ubZ rjg ls lkspus dk ekSdk fn;k gSA

Þblh le; tc lc dqN mÙkj gks jgk Fkk] ekDlZokn ds Hkhrj Hkh rjg&rjg dh ekU;rk,a ?kqlkdj mls Hkh mÙkj&ekDlZokn cuk;k tk jgk gSA elyu] varksfu;ks xzkElh dh fdrkc ^,aik;j vkbZ* ftlesa lkezkT;okn dks u;k vorkj xzg.k fd;k gqvk crk;k x;k Fkk fd lkezkT;okn vkt ekDlZokfn;ksa us tSlk mls crk;k Fkk] oSlk ugha jgk x;k vkSj mlls yM+kbZ Hkh fofo/ko.khZ gks x;h gS A lkQ gS fd fo'o lkekftd eap esa ftl rjg Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr dh 'kfä;ka 'kkfey gks jgh Fkha] mlh ds dkj.k bl rjg ds fl)kar Hkh çLrqr fd;s tk jgs FksA**75

,slk dHkh&dHkh ns[kk tkrk gS fd vdknfed :i ls Hkh vU; fopkj/kkjkvksa dh rjg ekDlZokn dks vdknfed vkSj 'kS{kf.kd :i esa cgqr egRo

fn;k tkrk gS ;k ;g dgsa fd vFkZ dk vuFkZ fd;k tkrk gSA tcfd]

blds lekUrj lekt esa py jgs fofHkUu vkanksyuksa esa bl fopkj dk tqM+ko vkSj mlls vkanksyuksa ds lgt tqM+ko dks vklkuh ls eglwl fd;k tkrk gSA bl Øe esa] Hkkjr vkSj fo'o ds 'ks"k fgLlksa esa yxkrkj ekDlZokn ij cglsa vkSj fdrkcksa ds çdk'ku gks jgs gaS ftuesa 2008 esa ^gkm Vw jhM dkyZ ekDlZ*] vaLVZ fQ'kj] dukMk ds ekDlZoknh fopkjd yscksfoVkt dh fdrkc ^n lks'kfyLV vYVjusfVo fj;y º;weu MsoyiesaV*] 2010 esa fpUrd ekstjksl bLroku fc;kaM ^dSfiVy* vkSj lqçfl) vkykspd vkSj fopkjd Vsfj bxYVu dh fdrkc ^OgkbZ ekDlZ okt jhM* 2011 esa]2011 esa gh çfl) bfrgklfon fopkjd vkSj lekTk'kkL=h gkClcke dh fdrkc ^gkm Vw psaTM oMZ* çdkf'kr gq;hA bl rjg ls] yxkrkj bl lekt ifjorZu esa ekDlZ ds fopkjksa dh Bhd&Bhd vkSj dHkh&dHkh my>h gq;h O;k[;k,¡ yxkrkj fopkjdksa us dh gSa vkSj vHkh Hkh py jgh gSaA tcfd] blds foijhr mÙkj&vk/kqfudrkokn dsoy vkSj dsoy vdknfed cglksa vkSj foe'kksaZ ;k ckSf)d tqxkyh djus dk ek/;e Hkj gS ysfdu fQj Hkh bl fLFkfr us ekDlZokn dks rks çHkkfor fd;k ghA ;fn] /;ku ls ns[kk tk; rks lyoktqMwe vkSj u, fdLe dk fgUnw dêjiaFk bl mÙkjk/kqfud gksrh fLFkfr;ksa dk Toyar mnkgj.k gks ldrk gSA lekt esa ftl fdLe dk fo?kVu yxkrkj c<+ jgk gS] mu vjktd fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ;g mÙkjk/kqfud fLFkfr;k¡ ftEesnkj gaS tks lÙkk dh vksj ls yknh tk jgh gSa ijUrq gky ds fnuksa esa vjc clar] oky LVªhV vkSj Hkkjr esa py jgs NksVs&cM+s vkUnksyu rFkk mÙkjk/kqfud ljdkjh rU= ls Vdjkrh vke vkfnoklh dadky lsuk

Estelar

307

bl ckr dk lcls cM+k çek.k gS fd vkt Hkh fopkj lkoZHkkSfed gaSA mldh lkoZHkkSfedrk ges'kk jgsxhA

Ýkal esa gky ds fnuksa esa ekDlZokn dh vksj #>ku dks ns[krs gq, ekDlZoknh fopkjd ,yu cknw us bls ekDlZokn ds mHkkj dk rhljk nkSj dgk gSA blls igys] çFke nkSj dks os 1772 esa Ýkalhlh x.krU= dh LFkkiuk ls ysdj 1871 isfjl dE;wu ds iru rd ekurs gSaA nwljk nkSj] og 1917 dh :lh ØkfUr ls 'kq: gksdj 1976 esa ekvks dh lkaL—frd Økafr rd ekurs gaSA ubZ ih<+h ds yksxksa dks cnyko dh çfØ;k dks] reke vkUnksyuksa ds {kf.kd mHkkj dks vkxs ys tkus dk jkLrk ekDlZokn ds Hkhrj ut+j vkrk gSA ;wjksi ds dqN ns'kksa esa] u, rjg ds okeiaFkh jktuhfr ds mHkkj ds dkj.k Hkh laxBu vkSj vkUnksyu ds ekeys esa fQj ls lq/kkjoknh vkoktsa lqukbZ iM+us yxh FkhaA vusd yksx tks fojks/k dh mÙkjk/kqfud /kkjk ds lkFk pys x;s Fks] os vc u, mRlkg ds lkFk okilh dj jgs gaS ysfdu LoHkkor% vius u, vkSj Hkzked lw=hdj.k ds lkFk blhfy, nksckjk lko/kkuh ds lkFk vius dks ekDlZoknh dgus okyksa ds çfr vkykspukRed utfj;k viukus dh t:jr gSA76

tgk¡ rd dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl dh ckr gS] ;gk¡ Hkh ge mÙkjk/kqfud fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ekDlZokn ds chp ds }a} dks yxkrkj ns[k jgs gaS] og Hkh e/;eoxhZ; dfo] ys[kdksa esaA ij] jktuhfrd :i ls lpsr dfo bl ckr dks c[kwch tkurs gaSA ;gk¡ ij Hkh ,slh dfork,¡ gSa ftuesa cgqr de ek=k esa ,slk ns[kus dks feyrk gS ftldk ewY;k¡du ge igys dj vk;s vkSj varr% eSustj ikaMs dh ;g ckr /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd Þftl ns'k dh turk dk ,d cM+k fgLlk vHkh vkfne fLFkfr;ksa esa th jgk gks] nwljk cM+k fgLlk e/;;qxhurk ls fudydj vk/kqfud cuus ds fy, la?k"kZ dj jgk gks] ml ns'k esa mÙkj&vk/kqfudrkokn eqëh Hkj yksxksa ds fy, QS'ku Hkys gh gks ysfdu O;kid lekt ds fy, oks O;FkZ gh gksxkA76

¼l½ jpuk fo/kku bu yEch dforkvksa esa feFkd dh dksbZ fo'ks"k Hkwfedk ugha gSA bldh rjg

gh Qarklh dk ç;ksx bu dforkvksa esa ugha gSA

çrhd

çrhdksa dk ç;ksx dfork esa i;kZIr :i esa gqvk gSA LokHkkfod gS fd ;gk¡ Hkh gksxk ghA cksf/klRo dh dfork ^ckck ixyknkl* tgk¡ ,d O;fäRo ç/kku

Estelar

308

dfork gS] ogha ixyknkl vke vkneh ds ekuoh; ewY;ksa ds =kln vkSj fo?kVu dh dgkuh Hkh gSA ixyknkl ;gk¡ [k+Re gksrh ekuork dk çrhd gSA blh rjg ls] fouksn nkl dh dfork ^lk¡l jksddj ;kn djks* esa Hkksiky xSl =klnh dh dFkk dgh x;h gS] tgk¡ ,d cdjh ykpkj vkSj vke vkneh dk çrhd gSA vfuy dqekj flag dh dfork ^v;ks/;k* esa HksfM+;k mu jktuSfrd nyksa dk çrhd gS tks /keZdh vkM+ esa vkneh dks vkneh ls yM+k jgs gSa vkSj lÙkk dk lq[k Hkksx jgs gSaA blh rjg ls] ykYVw dh yEch dfork esa tknwxj Hkh ml iwathoknh rU= dk çrhd gS tgk¡ vke vkneh ls iy&iy thus ds vf/kdkj dks Nhuk tk jgk gSA lkFk gh] v¡/ksjk ;gk¡ Qklhoknh rU= dk çrhd gSA uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh dfork ^yksx dgrs gSa* esa csrok unh ml lgt vkSj ljy thou dk çrhd gS] vc tks ejfxYyh xk; dh rjg cg ugha jgk cfYd f?klV jgk gS vkSj vkt ds gkyrksa us mlesa ls thou jl dks [k+Re dj fn;k gSA

,dkar JhokLro dh dfork ^ukxds'kj dk ns'k ;g* esa ,d yqIr gksrh /kku dh çtkfr ds ek/;e ls ekuork ds lgt vkSj ljy çokg vkSj thou 'kSyh ij vk;s ladV dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA /kku ;gk¡ ml yksd thou dk çrhd gS ftls rFkkdfFkr fodkl ds ukjs lekIr djus esa vkeknk gaSA ;gk¡ ,d ckr Li"V gS fd bl v/;k; dh dfork fopkj] ruko vkSj foMEcukvksa o vtuchiu ls T;knk lapkfyr gksrh gSa blfy, çrhd Lo;a esa gh [kqy tkrs gSaA iwjh dfork,¡ lgt vkSj ljyrk ls ikBd ds Hkhrj rd igq¡prh gSaA

fcEc

oLrq fcEc

fuEu e/;oxZ yksx gkFk esa >ksyk fy,@cl LVSaM th.kZ 'kh.kZ VwVh QwVh clsa oSls gh #X.k i'kq@clksa esa fVds gkFk fgykrs yksx dqN clksa ij p<+rs dqN vkrs tkrs@çrh{kky; esa gS ,d >q.M lcls cs[kcj xksfV;k¡ [ksyrk gqvk@BlkBl Hkjh nqdkusa ladjh xfy;ka igys rks dHkh yxh ugha bruh ladjh@;s efgyk;sa vkt Hkh bruh lVh lVh vkSj dksus esa nqcddj D;ksa pyrh gSa@ns[kks rks lgh lj ij >ksyk /kjs Vdjkus ls cprha@dSlh lgeh lgeh lh pyh tk jgh gaS@mUgha dh rjg lM+d ij mnkl cSBh gS xk; vkSj mlds ,su cxy esa &uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh dfork ^yksx dgrs gSa*A77

Estelar

309

eSaus ns[kk mlds lksus dk dejk@ogka nks njokts Fks ,d ls vkrk Fkk thou@nwljs ls xqtjrk fudy tkrk Fkk@os nksuksa dqflZ;ka vUrr: [kkyh jgha@,d dkyh eqLdku mldh frrfy;ksa xsgwa ds [ksrksa@rkjksa Hkjs vkdk'k Qwyksa vkSj fpefu;ksa ij eaMjkrh Fkh@vkSj ,d Hkze tSlh cspkSuh@tks iwjh gks tkrh Fkh vkSj cuh jgrh Fkh@ftlesa dqN tksM+k ;k ?kVk;k ugha tk ldrk Fkk@,d 'kkUr ikxyiu rkjksa dh rjg pedrk jgk dqN nsj &vuhrk oekZ dh dfork ^oSu xku ds vafre vkRefp= ls ckrphr*A78 HkkokRed fcEc v;ks/;k esa cldj@mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynkl@;g crk;k ml eYykg us@ftlus lj;w esa çokfgr fd;k mUgsaA@eSaus iwNk&@vkf[kj D;ksa mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynkl@v;ks/;k esa cldj HkhA@mlus dgk&@dkj.k rks crk ldrs gSa os gh@tks tkurs gksa ikxynkl dks Bhd ls@eSa rks vkrs&tkrs lqurk Fkk@mudk jksnu@ftls Nqikrs Fks os i[kkot dh Fkkiksa esaA &cksf/klRo dh dfork ^IkkXkyknkl*79 ,d 'kgj dk uke gS v;ks/;k@ftleas yksx ft+Unxh dh yM+kbZ yM+rs gaS vkSj var esa ej tkrs gSa@;kuh dh HkkSfrd okLrfodrkvksa ls dqN Hkh@vyx gVdj ugha gS bl 'kgj esa@bruk gh ;FkkFkZ gS ;g 'kgj ftruk ;g fd@vkneh dk dystk dkVdj bldh txg f'kofyax j[k nsus ls og ej tk;sxkA80 &vfuy dqekj flag dh dfork ^v;ks/;k* ;g eaMh gS clkSnk dh xYyk eaMh@crk jgk gS QM+ fdruh csbZekuh Hkjh gS yksxksa ds Hkhrj dSls Bxk&Bxk lk[kM+k gS fdlku@vc le> esa vk;k fd vk¡[kksa esa D;ksa Hkj jgk gS bruk ikuh@cksy jgs gSa fdlku didaikrh vkokt esa@vjs Hk¸;k ge fdlkuksa dh rks HkkSrbZ vkQr gS@gj dksbZ ywVcs dks BkM+ks gS@cfu;k O;kikjh gEeky ge rks lcls ijs'kku gSa vkSj tk /kwjk ls Hkh@¼og /kwy dh vksj b'kkjk dj jgk gS ½@ge xjhc fdlku gaS gekjh dksbZ D;k lqusxk yksx &uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh dfork ^dgrs gaS yksx*81

Estelar

310

,d 'kkUr ikxyiu rkjksa dh rjg pedrk jgk dqN nsj@foUlsUV cksyk esjk jkLrk vklku ugha Fkk@eSa pkgrk Fkk mls tks xgjkbZ vkSj dfBukbZ gS@tks lpeqp I;kj gS viuh ifo=rk esa@blfy, eSaus [kqn dks vdsyk fd;k@eq>s ;kruk nsrs jgs esjs vius jax@bu ydhjksa esa vU;k; fNis gSa@;g lc ,d dfBu 'kkfUr rd igqapuk Fkk@iupfDd;ka esjh detksjh jgha @t:jh gS fd gok mUgsa pykrh jgs@eSa fxM+fxM+kuk ugha pkgrk@vkyw [kkus okyksa vkSj 'kjkc ihus okyksa ds fy, Hkh ugha@eSaus mUgsa thou dh rjg pkgk gSA82

&vuhrk oekZ dh dfork ^oSu xku ds vafre vkRefp= ls ckrphr*

rqeus mUgsa lqUnj dgk rks mUgksaus [kkuk cuk;k@vkSj Mk;u dgk rc Hkh@cPps dks xHkZ esa j[kdj mUgksaus [kkuk cuk;k@fQj cPps dks xksn esa ysdj@mUgksaus vius liuksa ds Bhd chp esa [kkuk cuk;k@vius liuksa esa Hkh og cukrh jgh [kkuk@igys rUoaxh Fkha rks [kkuk cuk;k @fQj cSMksy gksdj@os leqæ esa ugk dj ykSVh rks [kkuk cuk;k@flrkjksa dks Nwdj vkbZ rc Hkh@mUgksaus dbZ ckj flQZ ,d vkyw@vkSj ,d I;kt ls [kkuk cuk;k@vkSj fdruh gh ckj flQZ vius dcz ls@n%q[krh dej p<+rs cq[kkj esa@cgkj ds rwQku esa Hkhrj ykSVh rks [kkuk cuk;k@fQj okRlY; ls Hkjdj mexdj [kkuk cuk;kA83

&dqekj vcqat dh dfork ^[kkuk curh fL=;k¡*

ufn;ka ftUgsa dksbZ leqæ ugha feyrk@tks viuk MsYVk ugha cukrha@tks cl tUe ysrh gSa@ vkSj ,d fnu@Mwc tkrh gSa@vius gh xgjs vFkkg ty esaA84

dykRed fcEc&

vc eaMh vf/kdkjh] ftykf/kdkjh] dysDVj] fMIVh dysDVj@rglhynkj dh ckbZV py jgh gS@–'; ds ihNs eqag rkdrs ut+j vk jgs gaS iVokjh dksVokj@gYdk lk laxhr lekiu dk lk vglkl@var esa pkSjkgs esa [kM+s gksdj dSejs us yisV fy;k iwjs 'kgj dks@fdruk dqN dgrs gaS yksx ftruk T;knk dgrs gSa yksx@mruk gh vulquk djrs gaS vki mudh vkokt dksA85

vkneh dks liuksa ds cktkj esa ys tkrk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkt+knh ds lius csprk gS tknwxj@vkneh dh fpark esa ckj&ckjdbZ&dbZckj@yxkrkj jksrk gqvk fn[krk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkneh dh ijaijkvksa esa ys tkrk gS tknwxj@vkneh dks vkneh&vkneh dgrk@vkneh dks vkneh vkneh dgdj

Estelar

311

fpYykrk gS tknwxj@vkneh tkurk gS fd liuksa dh [kjhnnkjh vkt nks vkSj pkj dk dkjksckj gSA86 og eSnku ds vyx vyx ekspksaZ esa og jg&jgdj meM+&?kqeM+ jgh gSa@os ph[k jgh gSa@lhVh ekj jgh gSa@vkSj fcuk #ds Hkkx jgh gSa@,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rdA@mudh iq"V Vkaxsa ped jgh gSa@u`R; dh y;c) xfr ds lkFk@vkSj yM+fd;k¡ gSa fd fu}ZU} fuf'pUr gSa@fcuk ;g lksps fd@eq¡g fn[kkbZ dh jLe djrs le;@lkl D;k lkspsxhA@blh rjg [ksyrh jgrh yM+fd;k¡@fuLladksp&fuHkhZd@nkSM+rh&Hkkxrh vkSj g¡lrh jgrha@blh rjg@vkSj ge ns[krs jgrs mUgsaA@ij 'kke gS fd gksxh gh jsQjh gS fd ckt ugha vk,xk@lhVh ctkus lsA87 &dkR;k;uh v¡/ksjk mrjrk gS] v¡/ksjs us ofnZ;ka iguh gqbZ gSaA v¡/ksjs ds gkFkksa esa@canwdsa gSaA v¡/ksjs esa ph[krha csfV;k¡ gSaA@,d Qkjsufld fo'ks"kK dk dguk gS fd og rkjh[k gS tc ,d vkt+kn lqcg dks@jksdus ds fy, csfV;ksa dks phjQkM+ dj pck jgs Fks tkuojA ;qf/kf"Bj] dksbZ@fcac crkvks] dfork dks yhd ij ykvksA dqN xhr lk gks] dqN çxhr lk gksA dqN@,slk fd vkykspd vkReh; 'kCn <w¡< ldsa] dqN rxTtqy gks] dqN ckr gks] dqNckr gksA88 çk—frd fcEc csfV;k¡ ckx esa tk jgh gSaA esgurh toku csfV;ksa ls feyus mrj vk;s gSa@jaxhys vcz /kjrh ijA csfV;k¡ cgrs ukys esa ikuh Nydkrh gqbZ ukprh gSa@dne&dneA lqMkSy psgjksa ij vk¡[ksa vkil esa [ksy jgh gSa vutkus [krjukd [ksyA@iydsa mBh gqbZ gSa erokyhA ;kSou ls mYyflr unh taxy xkrs gSa vkus okyh@vkt+kn lqcg ds xhrA 89 ikSjkf.kd fcEc fcEc dk ç;ksx ;gk¡ uk ds cjkcj gSA ,d nks txg ij& ;k irk ugha fdl dkj.k@dhgksxh fdlh rqylhnkl us ,slh dksbZ fgekdr igys dHkh @flQZ gou dqaM ugha gS v;ks/;k@ft+Unxh dh gkoh ugha nh tk ldrh mleas euq"; jgrs gSa bl 'kgj esa@ftuesa jgrk gk¡ Hkxoku@vkSj pwafd Hkxoku euq"; esa jgrk gS@blfy, og vYykg Hkh gks ldrk gSA90

Estelar

312

ugha mYykl ugha ;g czãkaM] tks gks jgk çlkj@ph[ksa gSa] gS nq%[k gh vfuokj vijEikj gS]@vo'; gS dksbZ bZ'oj d.k&d.k esa O;kIr@l[kk ugha] 'k=q gS og] tkuks tks djks f'kuk[r@;qf/kf"Bj] D;ksa fuokZd] vks uhfrfo'kkjn]@ihM+kvksa ls ns[k Hkjk ;g lalkj yckycA91 &ykYVw dh dfork ^çyki* fdrkcksa esa gksxh v;ks/;k@ftlesajke jgrs Fks vkSj ftUgksaus jktikV@R;kx fn;k Fkk pkSng cjl ds fy,@gekjh v;ks/;k esa ge vkSj gekjs tSls gh@vU; yksx jgrs gaS@gekjh v;ks/;k gesa jksth jksVh nsrh gS@ftUnk j[krh gS@ge mls iRuh dh rjg I;kj djrs gSa@cPpksa dh rjg nqYgkjrh gS og gesa@D;k jke Hkh jk{klksa ds gokys dj ldrs Fks bls dHkh@vxj oks lpeqp jgrs gksrs bl 'kgj esa \@v;ks/;k ,d 'kgj dk uke gS@taxy esa ugha gS v;ks/;kA92

oSKkfud fcEc

?kj dk irk@vc blds eksckby dk flQZ ,d uacj gS@eqyk;e cafn'kksa ds bl dSn[kkus esaog tkuk ugha pkgrk@eka jlksbZ ls iqdkjrh jgrh gS@ysfdu [kks tkrh gS mldh vkoktihtk&cxZj ds u,&u, Lokn esa@fj'rksa dks O;kikj esa@cnyus dh dyk esa ikjaxr ;g ukStoku vdsyk ugha gS@eksckby] ySiVki dh cVuksa esa fNis gSaA93 ?kaVh ctkdj@vkids njokts ds lkeus@tks mnxz ;qok@dku ls eksckby lVk, gq, eqLdjk jgk gS@og ewyr% bathfu;j gS@,s'o;Z ds txexkrs jkLrksa esa@mldh bathfu;fjax dh vfLFk;ka nch gqbZ gSa@vkSj va/kfo'okl dh ikaS/k'kkyk esa iyk@foKku dk ;g ç[kj Nk=@fQygky xys dh viuh rkcht dks ifo= Hkko ls Nw jgk gSA94 elyk tk jgk gS gj vksj bUlku@ns[kks] jhvy opqZvy xHkZorh vkSjrsa uaxh ukp jgha@lpeqp bl jkr dh dksbZ lqcg ugha@xqM xousaZl ds liuksa esa ,DLVslh th jgs Hkys yksx gSa@pkjksa vksj larq"V yksx gSa@fd gesa besftUM Qh;j ls ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg, larq"V yksx gSaA95

thou ds O;kikjksa ls lacaf/kr fcEc ftlesa yksx [kkrs ihrs vkSj ftUnk jgrs gSa@,d 'kgj dk uke gS v;ks/;k@ftleas yksx ft+Unxh dh yM+kbZ yM+rs gaS vkSj var esa ej tkrs gSa@;kuh dh HkkSfrd okLrfodrkvksa ls dqN Hkh@vyx gVdj ugha gS bl 'kgj esaA96

dbZ dksl nwj ls@ikuh dk ?kM+k@ flj ij cksgs@uaxs ikao pydj tkrh gqbZ@dkSu gS ;g L=hA97 &^ukxdslj dk ns'k ;g* ,dkar JhokLro

Estelar

313

dSls Bxk Bxk lk [kM+k gS fdlku@vc le> esa vk;k dh vk¡[kksa esa D;ksa Hkj jgk gS bruk ikuh@cksy jgs gaS fdlku didaikrh vkokt esa@vjs Hk¸;k ge fdlkuksa dh rks HkkSrbZ vkQr gS@gj dksbZ ywVcs dks BkM+ks gSA98

fd/kj gSa ge [kM+s@vR;kpkfj;ksa ds lkFk ;k vius tehj ds lkFk@ge [kM+s gksa ij dSls gksa ge [kM+s@tc çse ,d O;FkZ [k;ky cu x;k@gj dksbZ peM+s dk bap&bap csp jgk@lkewfgd eSFkqu gh cpk thou dh ifjHkk"kk esa@;qok dfo;ks] ge dSls viuh igpku djsa@ftUgsa fn[krk ugha fd yksx ej jgs gSa@fd çk.k foyqIr gks jgk gS /kjrh ij ls vuk;kl@os dgrs gSa fd eSa fy[krk gw¡ lk;kl@,d vkSjr ejrh gS lM+d fdukjs bf'rgkj esa@cPps gk¡ cPps ejrs gSa lM+d fdukjs xw ewr esa dhM+ksa tSls@vkneh ejrk gS fujarj lH;rk esa@cgqr dqN cgqr lkjs yksxksa dks ugha fn[krk@leLoj fpYykrs gSa os ns[kks ;g gS@lk;kl fy[k jgk@tc dgrk gw¡ dfork ugha gS ;gk¡@iwNrs gSa dfork gS dgk¡@D;ksa fy[krk gS dksbZ ckj&ckj@cqurk gS 'kCn tky fujarj çyki@foyki foyki foyki foyki@ugha mYykl ugha] tks gks jgk çlkj@ph[ksa gSa] gS nq%[k gh vijaikjA99

xq.kkRed fcEc& xq.kkRed fcEc Li'kZ] jax] Lokn] Jo.k] Le`fr vkfn ds vk/kkj ij [kM+s gksrs gSaA100

jax fcEc cl] vki fefy, vkSj@f'kuk[r ds fy, crk nwa fd pk; dh nqdku esa@eSa yky jax dh irax ysdj feywaxk tks@bl jax ls esjk vkf[kjh ukrk gksxk@mlds ckn eSa mls mM+k nwaxkA ges'kk ds fy,A@tkfgj gS vkleku esaA@ysfdu vkidks eSa igys gh vkxkg fd;s nsrk gwa@fd vkidks eq>s <ax ls le>kuk gksxk@dsoy ,d oä dk nky pkoy [kkdj@eSa vkidk gksus ls jgkA101 &nsoh çlkn feJ eSa dkVrk jgk nq[k dh Qly@vkRek Hkh ,d jax gS@,d çdk'k Hkwjk uhyk vkSj nq[k mls QSykrk tkrk gSA102

eq>s ;kn vkbZa foUlsUV oku x‚x dh rLohjsa@foUlsUV uhys ;k yky jax esa foUlsUV cq[kkj esa @foUlsUV fcuk flxkj ;k flxkj ds lkFk@foUlsUV nq[kksa ds chp ;k gjh yiVksa okyh vka[kksa ds lkFk@;k mldk leqæ dk psgjkA103 ,d lekarj fo'o gS@tgk¡ Hkwjs okys dqÙks dk jax dkyk gS@ogk¡ gks ldrk gS eksnh dk jax vglku tkQjh lk@ogk¡ dkSu dqÙks dh ekSr ejrk gS@ij eq>s fdlh dh ekSr ls D;k ysukeSa ukfLrdA104 &ykYVw dh dfork ^çyki*

Estelar

314

nwj lQsn nhokjksa ij pedrh /kwi gS@gok ds d.k ijLij nwj gksrs tk jgs@çdk'k ds lkFk rki dk vglkl rjafxr gks jgk@teha ls vkLkeka rd /k/kd jgh gS fQtk@,dek= lR;@og gS Hkw[k gS tks lR;@tj tks: tehu Hkj ugha@;g Hkw[k fuxyrh gS [kqn dks gh@Øe'k% vkSj vkSj fodjky curh@dkSu dg ldrk gS fd gS mith@fdl Hkw[k ls dkSu lh dyk@Ja[kyk dkSu lh dkSu lh foJ`a[kyk@dSlk /keZ dSlk eeZA105 &ykYVw dh dfork ^çyki* Jo.k fcEc ,d iqjkus ifjfpr psgjs ij@u VwVus dh iqjkuh pkg Fkh@vka[ksa cs/kd ruh gqbZ ukd@fNius dh dksf'k'k djrk Fkk dVk gqvk dku@nwljk dku lqurk Fkk@nqfu;k dh csjgeh dks@O;kikj dh nqfu;k esa og vkneh I;kj dk bUrtkj djrk FkkA106

xa/k fcEc idus ds ckn egdrk gS Qy@vkx tyrh gS@rks vUu idrk gS@idrk gS fd cgqr dqN dPpk@vkSj gjk gS vHkh@id jgk gS Msdph esa dqN@vkSj dqN efLr"d esaA107

Li'kZ fcEc fd gekjs lekarj lalkj esa uQjr u gksxh@u gksxk ogk¡ dksbZ vkslkek] cq'k] eksnh dksbZ rklhj blfy, u ekjk tk,xk@fd mlus esjh csVh ds ekFks ij gS gkFk j[kk@fd csfV;k¡ ogk¡ nkSM+rh vk,¡xh@esjs lhus ls fyiV tk,¡xh@vkSj okil ykSV vius u`R;yksd esa tk,¡xh@rk rk FksbZ FksbZ rk rk FksbZ FksbZ xk,¡xhA108

Le`fr NksVk Fkk rc@nknh ds lkFk vkrk Fkk vkSj@vkSj vc vdsys vkrk gw¡ 'kgj esa ftl rjg reke yksx eks{k ds fy, vkrs gSa ;gk¡@mlh rjg jksVh dh [kkst esa Hkh vkrs gaS reke yksx ;gk¡@'kgj ,d ftUnk 'kCn gS@bldh felky gS v;ks/;k@HksfM+;ksa dh f'kdkj xkg ugha gS ;g 'kgj@v;ks/;k ,d ,slk 'kgj Hkh gSA109

folaxfr lHkh dfork,¡ folaxfr;ksa ij dsfUær gSaA dgha ;g folaxfr /keksaZ dks ysdj

gS] nsoh çlkn feJ dh yEch dfork ^os eqlyeku Fks*A rks dgha] L=h&iq#"k vlekurk dk ^[kkuk curh fL=;k¡* esa bls rjg ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ^;qok* uked

Estelar

315

dfork esa ;qokvksa ds vius lekt ls dVus vkSj vjktuSfrddj.k dh folaxfr gSA blh rjg dh folaxfr ykYVw dh dfork ^çyki* esa O;kid :i ls fn[kk;h nsrh gSA var esa] L=h vf/kdkjksa vkSj LorU=rk ij dsfUær gksrh yEch dfork dk rsoj O;kid gS vkSj L=h&iq#"k] vke&[kkl ds chp dh folaxfr;ka bl dfork esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA ^gkWdh [ksyrh yM+fd;ka* dkR;k;uh dh dfork gS ftleas L=h dh LorU=rk vkSj vk/kqfud le; esa lekt esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk muds ifjos'k dh varZ}a}ksa ds chp dh folaxfr dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] vuhrk oekZ dh dfork esa ,d fp=dkj] dykdkj vkSj lkfgR;dkj ds thou dh folaxfr;ksa dks c[kwch O;ä fd;k x;k gSA

foMEcuk

yEch dfork esa foMEcuk dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA dksbZ gYdh lh ckr ;k lk/kkj.k ckr dgdj mls ,d xaHkhj >Vds ls rksM+ nsuk foMEcuk dk y{k.k gSA ;gk¡ Hkh ;g y{k.k i;kZIr :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ftlds dqN mnkgj.k bl çdkj gS&

cl] vki fefy, vkSj@f'kuk[r ds fy, crk nwa fd pk; dh nqdku esa@eSa yky jax dh irax ysdj feywaxk tks@bl jax ls esjk vkf[kjh ukrk gksxk@mlds ckn eSa mls mM+k nwaxk ges'kk ds fy,A@tkfgj gS vkleku esaA@ysfdu vkidks eSa igys gh vkxkg fd;s nsrk gwa@fd vkidks eq>s <ax ls le>kuk gksxk@dsoy ,d oä dk nky pkoy [kkdj@eSa vkidk gksus ls jgkA110 &nsoh çlkn feJ

mUgksaus eq>ls iwNk &@D;k djsaxs tkudj fd@v;ks/;k esa cldj Hkh D;ksa mnkl jgrs Fks ikxynklA@mUgksaus dgk&@D;ksa mnkl gSa vki cukjl esa@cq) dfiyoLrq esa@dkfynkl mTtf;uh esa@Qlysa [ksrksa esa@ifÙk;k¡ o`{kksa ij] yksx fnYyh esa] iVuk esa@nqfu;k tgku esa D;ksa mnkl gSa@vki flQZ ;gh D;ksa iwN jgs gSa@fd v;ks/;k esa cldj Hkh D;ksa mnkl Fks ikxynklA111

&cksf/klRo

fj'rksa dks O;kikj esa@cnyus dh dyk esa ikjaxr ;g ukStoku vdsyk ugha gS eksckby] ySiVki dh cVuksa esa fNis gSa@blds cs'kqekj nksLr@mlds fy, ;g lc ipM+k gS@fd fonHkZ esa dikl@[kwu ls fyFkM+ jgh gS@xjhcksa ds oksVksa ls cuh vehjksa dh ljdkj@fdlkuksa dh gM+i jgh gS tehu@vkSj mudh ihBksa ij ped

Estelar

316

jgs gSa@vaxzstksa dh ugha@gekjh iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ds fu'kkuA112 &fouksn nkl dh dfork ^;qok* D;k d:¡] Mjiksd gw¡] Mjrk gw¡@dgrs gSa fd fgVyj dk VsDuksykWth esa dksbZ tksM+ ugha Fkk---@/kjrh catj gksrh pyh gSA Hk{kdksa dh Vki ls mM+rs gSa coaMj] dk¡irs gSa@ek¡vksa ds fnyA nsj rd lqurh gS vkokjk dqÙkksa dk #nu&phRdkjA@nks dqÙks ,d pêku ij@,d Hkwjk ,d dkyk@ijLij ls nks QhV nwj ysVs gq, gSa@,d lekarj fo'o gS@tgk¡ Hkwjs okys dqÙks dk jax dkyk gS@ogk¡ gks ldrk gS eksnh dk jax vglku tkQjh lk@ogk¡ dkSu dqÙks dh ekSr ejrk gSA113

gj vkB fnu esa ekbZd ys ds [kM+s gks tkrs gks rqe yksx@gksr tkr dqN ugha gS gk¡ ugha rks @vkSj ckr vk x;h fcuk fdlh Hkwfedk ds csjkstxkjh ij@dEis;j dSejs ds lkFk ig¡qp x;k pk; dh nqdku ij@pk; okyk Hkëh esa pk; dk gÙkk pykrs ekbd dks ?kwjrs@D;k gS \ ;gk¡ dqN ugha gS& gS gh ugha jkstxkj @gk¡ rks rqe crkvks@gw¡ gw¡ dk \ gj ckr ij rqe yksx eqaMh fgyk nsrs gks@vkSj iwNus ls igys lkspk rks djks fdlls D;k iwN jgs gks \@,d gh ckr dh jV yxk, gks ?kaVs Hkj ls@xzkgdh djsa dh rqels pksap yM+k,a gesa vkSj csjkstxkj djrs tkoks rqe yksxA114 ruko

yEch dfork esa ruko dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA ;gh ruko dfork ds O;kid Qyd dks QSykrk gS vkSj ;gh ruko yEch dfork esa laf'y"V ;FkkFkZ dks ,d lkFk cka/krk gSA dbZ gn rd ;gh ruko yEch dfork ds vkarfjd y; dks Hkh cukrk gSA bl v/;k; esa nsoh çlkn feJ dh dfork os eqlyeku Fks vkSj mudh vU; dfork O;oLFkk ds LokFkhZ pfj= ds chp vke vkneh ds lkspus&le>us vkSj i{k r; u dj ikus ds ruko ds chp QSyrh gS ftlesa fgUnw eqfLye ds lkFk&lkFk ykyx<+ vkSj fopkj/kkjk ds loky vkSj cqf)thfo;ksa dk vius i{k dks r; u dj ikus dk ruko Hkh nh[krk gSA

blh rjg ls cksf/klRo dh dfork ^ckck ixyknkl* esa i[kokt oknd

ixyknkl ds cgkus leLr ekuo ds ekuoh; laca/kksa vkSj ewY;ksa o laosnukRed fj'rksa ds chp lÙkk dh lV~Vsckft;ka vkSj jktuhfrd oxZ fgrksa ds chp vius

Estelar

317

lekt ls dVs gq, ;k dV tkus dk na'k >syrs dykdj dk ruko gS tks dfork ds dF; dks la;r djrk gqvk mls ekuoh; laosnuk ls Hkj nsrk gSA

fouksn nkl dh dfork ^;qok* vkt ds ;qod dh thou 'kSyh vkSj cktkj

ls mlds laca/kksa dh xgjh iM+rky djrh gSA ;g dfork ekuoh; laosnukvksa ds fo?kVu vkSj fc[kjko dh dfork gS ftleas jkstxkj vkSj vke vkneh ds chp cktkj ds n[ky ls c<+rs laosnughu çHkko dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;qok ds vius lelkef;d eqíksa ls dVus] bfrgkl ls dVus dk ruko bl dfork esa fn[krk gSA ykYVw dh dfork ^çyki* Hk;kog gksrs le; vkSj mlds chp QSyrh grk'kk dks O;ä djrh gSA ;g iwjh rjg ls vukLFkk dh dfork gSA yksdra= ls vukLFkk bldk ewy Loj gSA L=h lqj{kk dk eqík Hkh dfork esa mBrk gS ysfdu ;g dfork ewyr% O;oLFkk ls eksgHkax vkSj vtuch;r ls Hkjh dfork gSA mldh otg gS fd dfo dgha Hkh la?k"kZ esa lh/kh Hkkxhnkjh ugha dj jgk gSA og dsoy fy[k jgk gS blfy, mls yxrk gS fd lc dqN cckZn gks pqdk vkSj /kjrh jgus yk;d ugha cph gSA

uhys'k dh dfork ^yksx ns[k jgs gaS* esa rFkkdfFkr fodkl ds ukjs vkSj

xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds gkykrksa ds chp dk ruko fn[krk gSA ;g fojks/kkHkklh :i dh dfork gS tks fodkl vkSj xrZ esa /kdsys tk jgs vke fdlkuksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa ds thou dks fn[kkrh gSA bl dfork dk ;gh ruko bls ,d egRoiw.kZ dfork ds :i esa vkSj ukVdh;rk ls Hkj nsrk gSA blh rjg ^ukxdslj dk ns'k ;g* dfork esa fodkl vkSj vke vkfnoklh fdlku ds chp dk ruko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

vuhrk oekZ dh dfork esa ,d dykdkj ds thou la?k"kZ vkSj dykdkj ds

uSfrd nkf;Ro rFkk vkRexr bPNk ds chp dk ruko dfork dks [khaprk gSA bl rjg ls bl v/;k; esa Hkh ruko dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA ukVdh;rk yEch dfork esa ukVdh;rk ,d egRoiw.kZ rRo gS ij lHkh dforkvksa esa ;g rRo O;kid :i ls ugha gS ftu dforkvksa esa gS] mu dforkvksa ds dqN mnkgj.k ns[ksa& bl v/;k; esa lcls T;knk ukVdh;rk uhys'k j?kqoa'kh dh dfork ^yksx dgrs gaS* esa gSA

Estelar

318

bUgha dks rks dgrs gSa QM+okfy;ka@bruk Hkh ugha irk vkSj pys gks MkWD;wesaVªh cukus@[khap jgs gSa ,d lkFk fdrus gkFk vukt ls Hkjs Bsys dks@;g eaMh gS clkSnk dh xYyk eaMh @crk jgk gS QM+ fdruh csbZekuh Hkjh gS yksxksa ds Hkhrj@dSls Bxk Bxk lk [kM+k gS fdlku@vc le> esa vk;k dh vk¡[kksa esa D;ksa Hkj jgk gS bruk ikuh@cksy jgs gaS fdlku didaikrh vkokt esa@vjs Hk¸;k ge fdlkuksa dh rks HkkSrbZ vkQr gS@gj dksbZ ywVcs dks BkM+ks gS@cfu;k O;kikjh gEeky ge rks lcls ijs'kku gSa vkSj tk /kwjk ls Hkh@¼og /kwy dh vksj b'kkjk dj jgk gS½ @ge xjhc fdlku gaS gekjh dksbZ D;k lqusxkA115

;g iwjh dfork ukVdh;rk ds fglkc ls eaph; gS vkSj blesa –'; viuh

ckr vklkuh ls le>krs gSaA blh rjg ^çyki* ykYVw dh dfork esa Hkh ukVd ds i;kZIr xq.k gaSA fouksn nkl dh dfork ^;qok* esa i;kZIr ukVdh;rk fo|eku gS ij ;gk¡ dfork,¡ vk[;ku ijd gSa] tSls vfuy dqekj flag dh dfork&^v;ks/;k*] cksf/klRo dh dfork ^ckck ikxynkl*] nsoh çlkn dh dfork ^os eqlyeku Fks] vcqat dh ^[kkuk curh fL=;k¡*A ij] dgk tk ldrk gS fd vuhrk oekZ dh vk[;kuij[k dfork ^oku xkWx ds vafre vkRefp= ls ckrphr* esa Hkh ukVdh;rk ds xq.k fo|eku gSaA ;g ,d dykdkj ds vkRela?k"kZ dh dfork gSA laHko gS] bl dkj.k Hkh bl dfork esa dof;=h us lk{kkRdkj 'kSyh dk ç;ksx fd;kA rc Hkh blesa ukVdh; rRo vk x;s gaSA

Hkk"kk

bu yEch dforkvksa esa ns'kt] laL—r] vaxzsth] oSKkfud 'kCnksa dk ;FkkLFkku ç;ksx gqvk gSA Hkk"kk lgt gS] ljy gSA jktuSfrd 'kCnkofy;k¡ Hkh ns[kus dks fey tkrh gSa vkSj uhys'k dh dfork esa mudk tuin Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA yEch dfork,¡ tfVy Hkkocks/k dh dfork gSA laHko gS fd laçs"k.k dh dfBukbZ buesa gksrh gS D;ksafd fopkj buds xgjs esa ruko] folaxfr vkSj foMEcuk dks fdlh fn'kk esa /kdsy jgk gksrk gSA ij] fQj Hkh Hkk"kk ds lgt çokg ds pyrs ;g cgqr ljy gks x;h gSA dgha ;g yk{kf.kd vkSj O;atukRed vFkZ esa [kqyrh gS rks dgha Li"V vkSj likV :i esaA ij bueas fujarj xgjkbZ cuh jgrh gSA bldk dkj.k gh gS fd leLr dfo;ksa us dfork ds vkSj ckr ds ;k fopkj ds ekgkSy ls viuh&viuh dfork dh Hkk"kk dk p;u fd;k gSA

Estelar

319

lanHkZ xzUFk & 1. http:@@hashiya.blogspot.in@2013@[email protected]_18.html

2. http:@@hashiya.blogspot.in@2013@[email protected]_18.html

3. http:@@hashiya.blogspot.in@2013_03_01_archive.html


5. http:@@hashiya.blogspot.in@2013_03_01_archive.html

6. ikaMs eSustj % 2005 % vkykspuk dh lkekftdrk % ok.kh çdk'ku i"B 83&84


8. http:@@pradeepkant.blogspot.in@2010@[email protected]

9. http:@@azadlub.blogspot.in@2010@[email protected]_21.html

10. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku i`"B 139

11. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku i`"B142

12. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku i`"B141

13. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku i`"B 141&142

14. http:@@hi.wikipedia.org@wiki

15. http:@@[email protected] htmal

16. http:@@www.kavitakosh.org@kk@[kkuk_cukrh_fL=;k¡_@_dqekj vacqt

17. http:@@www.kavitakosh.org@kk@[kkuk_cukrh_fL=;k¡_@_dqekj vacqt

18. http:@@www.humanrights.asia@[email protected]@AHRC.ART.134.2012.HI

19. anunad.blogspot.com


21. http:@@young.azamgarh.blogspot.in@2012@[email protected]_5921.html\spreffb

22. Anunad.blogspot.com

23. http:@@young.azamgarh.blogspot.in@2012@[email protected]_5921.html\spref¾fb

24. Anunad. blogspot.com

25. http:@@beechbahasmeinkavita.blogspot.in@2012@[email protected]

26. http:@@rsaudr.org@show_artical.php\.id¾2235

27. http:@@anunaad.blogspot.in@2012@[email protected]_11.html

28. http:@@rsaudr.org@show_artical.php\.id2235





33. JhokLro ijekuUn % 2004 % dfork dk mÙkj thou] jktdey çdk'ku] i`"B 187

34. ikaMs eSustj % 2005 % vkykspuk dh lkekftdrk]ok.kh çdk'ku]i"B]166

35. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B 98&99

36. ikaMs eSustj % 2005 % vkykspuk dh lkekftdrk] ok.kh çdk'ku] i"B]167

Estelar

320

37. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku%i`"B 99

38. ikaMs eSustj % 2005 % ok.kh çdk'ku]vkykspuk dh lkekftdrk] i`"B]167 &178

39. flag nw/kukFk % 2005 % dgk&lquh] jk/kkd`".k izdk'ku]i`"B87

40. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B] 99&100

41. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku % i`"B] 100

42. http:@@www.kalpana.it@hindi@lekhan@laltu@

43. http:@@vatsanurag.blogspot.in@2008@[email protected]_07.html

44. http:@@ek.ziddi.dhun.blogspot.in@2013@[email protected]_2801.html




48. http:@@ek.ziddi.dhun.blogspot.in@2013@[email protected]_2801.htm





53. ryokj chj Hkkjr la %2007% uDlyckM+h ds nkSj esa % vukfedk çdk'ku] i`"B 565

54. okxFkZ] tuojh 2010] la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 24


56. okxFkZ] tuojh 2010] la- fot; cgknqj flag]i`"B24


58. okxFkZ] tuojh 2010] la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k26&27


60. http:@@[email protected]@[email protected]

61. okxFk]Z uoEcj 2010] laiknd fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 112


63. okxFkZ] uoEcj 2010 la- fot; cgknqj flag]i`"B la[;k 114


65. okxFkZ] uoEcj 2010 la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 114


67. hi.wikipedia.org@wiki@foUlsaV_oSu_xks

68. http:@@hi.wikipedia.org@wiki

69. http:@@kabaadkhaana.blogspot.in@2007@[email protected]_2327.html





Estelar

321

74. igy] vad 91] la- Kkujatu] vkys[k xksikyç/kku] i`"B la 60

75. igy] vad 91] la- Kkujatu] vkys[k xksiky ç/kku] i`"B la[;k 75

76. vejukFk % 2009 % fganh vkykspuk dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh] jktdey çdk'ku] i`"B la[;k 112

77. okxFkZ]tuojh 2010] la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 25

78. http:@@kabaadkhaana.blogspot in@2007@[email protected]_2327.html

79. moZj çns'k % 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B 141

80. moZj çns'k % 1999% ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B 99

81. okxFkZ % tuojh 2010 % la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 26&27

82. http:@@kabaadkhaana.blogspot.in@2007@10@blog.


84. www.prernamagazine.com/july.../books.radhelal.htm

85. okxFkZ % tuojh 2010 % laiknd fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 27





90. moZj çns'k %1999% ok.kh çdk'ku i"B] 98&99


92. moZj çns'k% 1999 % ok.kh izdk'ku] i`"B 99&100




96. moZj çns'k %1999% ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B 99&100


98. okxFkZ] tuojh 2010] laiknd fot; cgknqj flag] i"B la[;k 26









107. www.prernamagazine.com/july.../books.radhelal.html

108. http:@@ek.ziddi.dhun.blogspot.in@2013@01@blog.

109. moZj çns'k% 1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku]i`"B 98&99


Estelar

322

111. moZj çns'k %1999 % ok.kh çdk'ku] i`"B 141


113. http:@ek.ziddi.dhun.blogspot.in@2013@[email protected]_2801.html

114. okxFkZ]tuojh 2010] la- fot; cgknqj flag] i`"B la[;k 25

115. okxFkZ]tuojh 2010] la- fot; ckgnqj flag] i`"B la[;k 26&27

Estelar

?kj fqj ,d v¡/ksjs esa mwc tk,xk lc lks tk,axs ym+fd;k...

Documents