kiran cultivation guide

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CULTIVATION GUIDE. Crop : Watermelon Soil required : Kiran can be grown on wide range of soil. Ideal soil is red soil, Sandy loam, and clay loam soil. Soil should be well drained (Optimum PH ratio 5.5 to 7.0) Seed rate/acre : 200 Gms. (20 packets of 10 gms each.) Spacing: 1. 2 ft. (Plant to Plant) and 12 ft. (Row to Row) for both side planting. 2. 2 ft. (Plant to Plant) and 6 ft. (Row to Row) for one side planting. . Plant population per acre : 3600 plants. Average yield : 10 – 15 tonns / acre. Some important tips for growing watermelon crop. Seed treatment: before sowing seed should be soak in Luke water for 6 hrs.then dry it by spreading on simple new paper for 1 hrs in shed. A. Pruning Technique . Pruning means removing of unwanted branche, fruits etc. to Maintain quality in all séance. 1. It is advise to keep one main branch and two any healthy side branch and remaining branches should be pruned.(prune branches when they are tender and small other wise it may heart plant and disturb growth.) B. Fruit setting technique

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Page 1: Kiran Cultivation Guide

CULTIVATION GUIDE.

Crop: Watermelon

Soil required: Kiran can be grown on wide range of soil. Ideal soil is red soil, Sandy loam, and clay loam soil. Soil should be well drained (Optimum PH ratio 5.5 to 7.0)

Seed rate/acre: 200 Gms. (20 packets of 10 gms each.) Spacing: 1. 2 ft. (Plant to Plant) and 12 ft. (Row to Row) for both side planting. 2. 2 ft. (Plant to Plant) and 6 ft. (Row to Row) for one side planting. .

Plant population per acre: 3600 plants.

Average yield: 10 – 15 tonns / acre. Some important tips for growing watermelon crop.

Seed treatment: before sowing seed should be soak in Luke water for 6 hrs.then dry it by spreading on simple new paper for 1 hrs in shed.

A. Pruning Technique. Pruning means removing of unwanted branche, fruits etc. to Maintain quality in all séance.

1. It is advise to keep one main branch and two any healthy side branch and remaining branches should be pruned.(prune branches when they are tender and small other wise it may heart plant and disturb growth.)

B. Fruit setting technique As kiran is early, vigorous variety and its fruit setting ability is very high. it is advice to prune first fruits and allow setting second or third fruits depend on plant condition. (Generally from 7th to 9th leaf and after every 4 to 5 leaf one Flower will appear.)

Selection / pruning of fruits should be done when 70% fruits in your plot attained egg / tomato size.

By adopting pruning practice as mention above you can get following advantages

1. Plants will grow strong and due to which resistance power against different Paste and disease will increase.

2. Inside flesh quality will increase, sager content will increase and will, flesh colour will be more dark red, and flesh will be crispy, juicy, tasty and not spongy.

3. Fruit size will increase; one can harvest uniform size fruits which will increase Yield and naturally income /acre.

Page 2: Kiran Cultivation Guide

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B. Irrigation requirement . As irrigation quantity and frequency between two irrigation varies according to climate / season, soil type, use of advance technology like mulching. It is necessary to check every time before giving irrigation considering stage of Crop.avoide too much and too stress of water.

But the basic water requirement As shown in graph below Initial water requirement till flowering is less but steady, during flowering and fruit setting Stage slightly water stress is needed and after fruit setting and especially from fruit development stage it will increase till maturity and after maturity again it is necessary to reduce water to increase sugar, maintain flesh quality and internal changes

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Care to be taken during flowering, fruit setting and fruit development stage.

Once 70% fruits in your plot attained egg size then its requirement for nutrient, will increase and so from the day when fruits are egg size continue till maturity i.e. 15 -18 days continue increase water and nutrient major potash, and very less Nitrogen. and phosphorous. and at last slowly reduce irrigation 5-6 day before harvesting.

Nutrient / Fertilizers management.

Basal dose: Basal dose is very important and is basically compulsory to apply before Sowing / transplanting (soil application).

1. Five to six tonns of well decomposed FYM or compost. 2. Tow bags of DAP and 2 Bags of MOP / acre. OR 10:26:26 4 bags /acre. 3. Dust methyl parathion powder 4-5 kg /acre in trenches before making beds. 4. Apply 200 kg neemcake /acre. 5. Zinc phosphate 10 kg /acre.

Page 3: Kiran Cultivation Guide

After transplanting: Fertilizer dose /acre are as. 1. Apply urea five gm / plants.4-5 day days after Transplanting.. 2. When plant is 1 feet in length apply 19:19:19 (100 kg) + 10 kg urea 3. When fruits (60 %) are egg size apply SOP 1 or 2 bags depend of Soil type. / Acre.

4. During flowering stage spry calcium nitrate 2 gm/lit to increase Diameter of petals 5. Spray zinc sulphate @ 2gm /lit 15-20 days after transplanting and boron1 gm + calcium 1gm during fruit development stage.

Fertigation schedule for watermelon (For drip irrigation)

1. Use basal dose as mention above.2. use doses as follow

SL No. Stages Days Fertilizer grade

Quantity/ alternate days /acre

Total quantity

1. Vegetative growth from 5-6 leaves

Up to 25-30 days 19:19:19 + urea

2 kg ½ kg

25 kg 10 kg

3 From flowering to At Fruit setting

Unto 35to 45Days

14:8:24OR12 : 61:00 +00:00:50

2 kg

1½ kg +1/2

10 kg

15 kg5 kg

4 Fruit development Unto from 45 to 70 - 75 days. 13:00:45

2 kg 30 kg

Page 4: Kiran Cultivation Guide

Plant protection schedule.

PLANT PROTECTION SCHEDULE OF MELONS AMD WATER MELONS.AT NUSRERY STAGE 1. 8-10 days After germination spray 10 ml Hostathion + 10 gram bavistin.

Spray continuously at the interval of 4-5 days 2. Confidor + exodus 1/2 ml + 11/2 ml. / 1 lit water

3. Neural D OR Hamlla + Blitox 11/2 ml. + 2 Gm./ 1 lit water

3. Acephate + Regent + kavach 11/2 gm + 11/2 ml / 1lit water

4. Confidor + exodus 1/2 ml + 11/2 ml. / 1 lit water

5. Sevin + kocide 2 gm / 1 lit water. + 2 gm / 1 lit.

6. Neurel D OR Hamlla + Ridomil 11/2 ml. + 2 Gm./ 1 lit water

7. Acephate + Regent + kavach 11/2 gm + 11/2 ml / 1lit water

8. Confidor + exodus 1/2 ml + 11/2 ml. / 1 lit water

9. Neurel D OR Hamlla + curtez

Page 5: Kiran Cultivation Guide

11/2 ml. + 2 Gm./ 1 lit water

Harvesting: Symptoms of maturity

1. Count down days from fruit setting Generally from fruit setting ( fruits are egg size) it can be harvested after 28 to 32 day (in summer can harvest early and in rainy/autumn it will Late.)2. Tendril of fruit will dry.3. Change of colour of portion of fruit which rests on ground. it will change from white to Yellow.4. The smooth appearance and total absence of hair on the stem which attached fruit Vine.5. Harvesting of fruits at proper stage is very imp. If you tapped your finger on rind of fruit at center you will find different sound as If sound is metallic or equal to what sound you here when you beat your forehead It is unripe. if it is like chest 80% maturity and if it is like stomach or heavy dull then it 100% matured.

1. For export or long dist market then fruits should be harvested at 80% maturity.2. if you want to send near market then should be harvested at 90% maturity3. If it is for Local, near market 95-100% mature fruits can be harvested.

Page 6: Kiran Cultivation Guide

Use and benefits of using kyi silver mulching in watermelon muskmelon and other fruits and veg.crops.Pictures of mulching. :

Characteristics: it is plastic and super fine imported material/ film use for agriculture purpose, one side is with black coating and other side with silver coating. It is available rolls/rims .two size 1.) 400 mts. X 1.15 mts. x .30 micron 2.) 100 mts x 1.15 mts. X 30 micron SILVER MULCH APPLICATION `

Mulch is typically laid down manually. There are basically three operations involved in applying the mulch:

1) Bedding the soil,

2) Pressing the bed,

3) Laying the plastic mulch, drip tube and . These can be accomplished as separate operations or in combination

How to cover the Mulch Film on soil (making beds) Please make higher beds after application of fertilizer. Please make the beds flat. How to cover the Mulch Film on soil (mulching) Please tighten the mulch film by footing the both side of the edge, and put soil at the edge.

MULCHES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Plastic mulches have been used commercially on vegetables since the early 1960s in the other countries. Muskmelons, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, squash, eggplant, watermelons and okra are vegetable crops that have shown significant increases in earliness, yield, and fruit quality when grown on plastic mulch. Some less valuable crops such as sweet corn, snap beans, southern peas and pumpkins have shown similar responses

Page 7: Kiran Cultivation Guide

Advantages of Mulching

Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using plastic mulches are outlined below.

AdvantagesEarlier Harvest

The greatest benefit from plastic mulch is that the soil temperature in the planting bed is raised, promoting faster crop development and earlier harvest. Silver plastic may advance the harvest date by 5-8 days. Reduces Evaporation

Soil water loss is reduced under plastic mulch. As a result, a more uniform soil moisture is maintained and irrigation frequency can be reduced. The growth of plants on mulch can be twice that of plants in unmulched soil. Because larger plants will require more water, mulching is not a substitute for irrigation. Fewer Weed Problems

Black and white-on-black mulches will reduce light penetration to the soil. Weeds cannot generally survive under such a mulch. Reduces Fertilizer Leaching

Excess water runs off the impervious mulch. Fertilizer beneath the mulch is not lost by leaching, so that fertilizers are optimally used and not wasted. Reduces Soil Compaction

The soil under plastic mulch remains loose, friable and well-aerated. Roots have access to adequate oxygen, and microbial activity is enhanced.Root Pruning Eliminated

Cultivation is eliminated, except in the area between the mulched strips. Weed growth in these areas can be controlled by cultivation or by the use of a chemical herbicide. Cleaner Vegetable Produce

The edible product from a mulched crop is cleaner and less subject to rot, since no soil is splashed onto the plants or fruit. To keep plants clean, they should be grown in a raised bed that is firm and slightly convex, with the highest point down the center of the row, while the plastic should be stretched tight to encourage the run-off of water. There should be no puddles on the mulched beds.

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Increases Growth

Mulch film is nearly impervious to carbon dioxide, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Research has shown that high levels of carbon dioxide may build up under the plastic. Because the film does not allow the gas to penetrate, it has to escape through the holes punched for the plants and a "chimney effect" is created, resulting in abundant CO2 for the actively growing leaves Aids Fumigation

Mulches increase the effectiveness of chemicals applied as soil fumigants. Because of the impervious nature of the plastic mulch, it acts as a barrier to gas escape and keeps gaseous fumigants in the soil. Reduces Drowning of Crops

Water is shed from the row area by the raised tapered bed so that excess water runs off the field, thus reducing drowning and other excess soil water stress.

Cost of cultivation/acre for growing kiran WATER MELON AND MUSKMELON CULTIVATION ESTEMATION FOR 1 ACRES .Sr. no.

Particulars Unit Price in Rs.Quantity

Total amt RemarkLand Preparation     1500/-compost 1000/1000kg 5000kg 5000/-Pesticides & fungicides     5000Labor charges     6000/-

Seed cost 350/-/ 10 gms. 200 gms. 7000/-Can get some discount from our local dealers

Fertilizer cost 6000/-Mulching sheet 2000/rim 5 rims 10000/-By using mulching Total 40000/-

Without mulching - 10000/- -ve mulching cost.      30000/-  

Sr.No. Crop No. of fruit Ave.yield/plant Total weight Ave. rate Per KgTotal amt.

1 kiran (without mulching) 3200/- 5 kg 16000kg Rs-6 / kg 96000/-2 Kiran (With mulching) 3200/- 4 kg 12000 kg Rs-6 / kg 72000/-

. Note: It is for reference only it may vary from time to time as per climatic tic condition and demand and supply)

Page 9: Kiran Cultivation Guide

 Watermelon Regular leading varities. KYI-kiran

CostSeed cost

30,500/-2500/-

35,000/-7000/-

Labour cost 5000/- 5000/-

Fertilizer 6,000/- 6,000/-

Chemical 7000/- 7000/-

Mulch Film 10000/- 10000/-

Income 45,000/- 84,000/-

Yielding (kg) 15,000 12,000

Rate (Rs.) 3/- 7/-

Net Income 15,500/- 49000/-

Page 10: Kiran Cultivation Guide