Kingdom Fungi

Ch 26

Pros/Cons of Fungi

Pros Decompose dead

organic waste Source of food and

food production Bread and wine

making Medicine

Cons Food spoilage Disease Some are

poisonous

1. Characteristics of Fungi

a. Eukaryotesb. Heterotrophsc. Habitat-air, water, damp walls, gardens, food,

warm moist environments, cold temperature.d. Most are multicellular; yeast is unicelluar.

The Fungi Kingdom

1) fungi lack chlorophyll

2) fungi are not photosynthetic

•cannot produce their own food

3) they never reproduce by making seeds

4) most fungi have cell walls made of chitin… Except molds

4 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants

cellulose

•Plant cell walls are made of what?

•molds have cell walls made of cellulose…like plants

•most are saprophytes (feed on dead organic matter)

•some are parasites (feed on living organisms)

Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms

Structure of Fungi

a. Hyphae(pl)-threadlike filaments which develop from spores

b. They have cell walls composed of chitin. which give the cell wall strength and flexibility.

c. Mycelium (s)

-A network of filaments that may contain different types of hyphae

Anchor fungus into its food sourceAllow fungus to absorb nutrients from food sourceForm spores for reproduction

d. Some hyphae are divided into individual cells by crosswalls called septa

The septa contain pores……

The Fungi Kingdom

single hypha Mass of hyphae (mycelium)

Germ tube (Growing Spore)

(initial hypha)

Fungi are heterotrophic.

3. Extracellular digestion, process by which food is digested outside the fungal body and nutrients diffuse (are absored) into hyphae

a. Saprophytes (decomposers)-feed on dead organic matter

b. Parasites- absorb nutrients from the living cells of their hosts

SaprophyteTurkey tail

fungus

Mycorrhiza (mutualism)

Mycorrhiza-symbiotic relationshio between fungus and plant rootsFungus increases plant’s absoprtion of

nutrients and water Plants provide organic nutrients

BOTH BENEFIT!!!!

Lichen (Mutualism)

Lichen-fungus and green algae or cyanobacteriaFungus provides water and minerals it

absorbs from rain and the airAlgae provides nutrients.

Lichens

The Fungi Kingdom

4. Reproduction 3 types of Asexual reproduction

a. Budding

b. Fragmentation

c. Spores ---reproductive cell that grows into a new organism without fertilization

sporangium-sac where spores are produced; protects spores from harsh conditions

Spores are dispersed by wind, water, and animals• Once spores are caught by something, they can be carried

long distances

The Fungi Kingdom

Kingdom Fungi Phylum Zygomycota

Ex: Rhizopus stonifer (bread mold)Hyphae grow when spores settle on moist

bread.Stolons grow along the surface producing

mycelim; rhizoids penetrate food and anchor mycelium into bread

Hyphae grow upward to produce sporangia which contains spores

The Fungi Kingdom

Rhizoids- hyphae of bread mold that digest bread for ingestion

Ascomycotes (sac fungi)Yeast, morels, trufflesImportance

Found on decaying food, Cause plant diseaseYeast ferment sugar to produce the CO2 needed

to make beer, wine, bread (alcoholic fermentation); also important to genetic studies

Morels and truffles are edibleCause plant diseases such as Dutch elm disease,

chestnut blight, apple scab, and ergot.

Dutch elm disease

Chestnut blight

Apple scab

morel

EX: yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews, & lichens

Lichens - a fungus and an organism with chlorophyll that live together

DeuteromycotesCause of human infections which include

athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections, and jock itch

Penicillin –antibioticFood production-Soy sauce, blue cheese

citric acid used in jams, jellies, soft drinks, fruit flavored candy

Basidiomycotes (club fungi)Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns,

smut

Mushroom Reproduction