kingdom fungi
DESCRIPTION
Kingdom Fungi. The Characteristics of Fungi. Body form unicellular Multi-cellular. fruiting bodies. both are composed of hyphae. Mycelium – Branched Hyphae. The Characteristics of Fungi. Heterotrophic - Saprophytes or saprobes – Symbionts - Parasites – - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi
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The Characteristics of FungiThe Characteristics of Fungi• Body form
* unicellular * Multi-cellular
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Mycelium – Branched HyphaeMycelium – Branched Hyphae
fruiting bodiesfruiting bodies
both are composed of hyphae
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The Characteristics of FungiThe Characteristics of Fungi
• Heterotrophic -* Saprophytes or saprobes –
* Symbionts -
* Parasites –
• Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens.
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The Characteristics of FungiThe Characteristics of Fungi
• Heterotrophic - 'other food' * Saprophytes or saprobes - feed on dead
tissues or organic waste (decomposers)* Symbionts - mutually beneficial
relationship between a fungus and another organism
* Parasites - feeding on living tissue of a host. • Parasites that cause disease are called
pathogens.
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Heterotrophic by AbsorptionHeterotrophic by Absorption• Fungi get carbon from organic sources• Hyphae release enzymes• Enzymatic breakdown of substrate• Products diffuse back into hyphae
Product diffuses backinto hypha and is used
Nucleus hangs backand “directs”
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HyphaeHyphae
• Tubular• Hard wall of chitin• Grow at tips
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Hyphal growthHyphal growth• Hyphae grow from their tips• Mycelium = extensive, feeding web of hyphae
• Mycelia are the ecologically active bodies of fungi
This wall is rigid Only the tip wall is plastic and stretches
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Modifications of hyphaeModifications of hyphae
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Fungi as Saprobes and Fungi as Saprobes and DecomposersDecomposers
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Fungi as Symbionts (Mutualism)Fungi as Symbionts (Mutualism)
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LichensLichens• “Mutualism” between
* Fungus – structure* Alga or cyanobacterium –
provides food
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Lichen internal structureLichen internal structure
Lobaria
Lichens are nature’s biological indicators of Lichens are nature’s biological indicators of pollution and air quality.pollution and air quality.
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Fungi as Parasites & PathogensFungi as Parasites & Pathogens
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Fungi are Spore-ific!!!Fungi are Spore-ific!!!
• Spores - asexual (product of mitosis) or sexual (product of meiosis) in origin.
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Reproduce by sporesReproduce by spores• Formed:
* Directly on hyphae
Penicillium hyphae with conidia
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Hyphal growth from sporeHyphal growth from spore
mycelium
germinatingspore
• Mycelia have a huge surface area
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The Characteristics of FungiThe Characteristics of Fungi• Classified by how they reproduce.• 100,000 Species (estimated 1.5 million species
total).• Found everywhere• Cell wall present, composed of cellulose and/or
chitin. • Food storage - generally in the form of lipids and
glycogen. • Eukaryotes - true nucleus and other organelles
present. • All fungi require water and oxygen.
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Ascomycota – “sac fungi”Ascomycota – “sac fungi”
• Sexual Reproduction – asci (sing. = ascus) - SAC
• Asex. Reprod. – common• Cup fungi, morels, truffles• Important plant parasites &
saprobes• Yeast - Saccharomyces• Decomposers, pathogens,
and found in most lichensA cluster of asci with spores inside
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Sac fungi diversitySac fungi diversity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9HyPxzNTPY&feature=related
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Basidiomycota – “club fungi”Basidiomycota – “club fungi”• Sexual Reproduction – basidia -
CLUB• Asexual reprod – not so
common• Rusts & smuts –plant parasites• Mushrooms, puffballs• Enzymes decompose wood,
leaves, and other organic materials
SEM of basidia and spores
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Bioluminescence in Bioluminescence in MycenaMycena
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Deuteromycota – Form Phylum Deuteromycota – Form Phylum “Imperfect Fungi”“Imperfect Fungi”
• Fungi that seldom or never reproduce sexually.
• Asexual reproduction by vegetative growth and production of asexual spores common.
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YeastsYeasts• Single celled fungi• Adapted to liquids
* Plant saps* Water films* Moist animal tissues
CandidaSaccharomyces
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MoldsMolds• Rapidly growth• Asexual spores• Many human importances
* Food spoilage* Food products* Antibiotics, etc.
Noble Rot - Botrytis
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HUMAN-FUNGUS INTERACTIONSHUMAN-FUNGUS INTERACTIONS
• Beneficial Effects of Fungi * Decomposition - nutrient and carbon
recycling. * Biosynthetic factories. Can be used
to produce drugs, antibiotics, alcohol, acids, food (e.g., fermented products, mushrooms).
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Harmful Effects of Fungi Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth.
Animal and human diseases, including allergies.
Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms and within food (e.g., grain, cheese, etc.). Plant diseases.