kingdom: fungi
DESCRIPTION
Kingdom: Fungi. Unit 6 Lecture 4. Kingdom Fungi. aka Kingdom Mycetae eukaryotes [domain Eukarya] unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic saphrophytic mutualistic parasitic. Kingdom Fungi. immobile sexual and asexual reproduction diverse in color, location, and shape/size - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit 6 Lecture 4
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Kingdom Fungiaka Kingdom Mycetaeeukaryotes
[domain Eukarya]unicellular or
multicellularheterotrophic
saphrophyticmutualisticparasitic
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Kingdom Fungiimmobilesexual and asexual reproductiondiverse in color, location, and shape/size
Amillaria mushroom in Mimost similar in appearance to plants,
but similar in DNA to animals
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Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like
strings of nucleicome from sporescan be tiny to acres largefeeding system
[like plant roots]secrete enzymes to
digest materialshyphae
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Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like
strings of nucleican be partitioned
with septa(e)septate / coenocytic
mycelium – group of hyphae
hyphae
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Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like
strings of nucleihaustorium – tip of
parasitic fungi; penetrates host tissueto feed
hyphae
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Fungus Structurechitin – makes up
cell walls of fungigives strength
and flexibility
hyphae
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DiscussWhat is the difference between the
composition of plant cell walls vs that of fungal cell walls?
What two functions can hyphae serve for a fungus?
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Fungus Structurefruiting body – grows above
the soil; produces sporesin some types, this is the
mushroom pileus – capscales – make up cap
hyphae
pileus
scales
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Fungus Structurefruiting body – grows above
the soil; produces sporeslamella(e) – gill(s)annulus – ring stape - stemvolva – cup
hyphae
pileus
scaleslamellae
stape
volva
annulus
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Economic Importance
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HarmThough fungi can be extraordinarily
beneficial to us and to the ecosystem [decomposers], they can also be harmfulplant damage – “rusts”toxins in fooddiseases
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DiscussName two beneficial uses for fungi.
Name one harmful fungus for a human.
Name the most economically important fungus.
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SymbiosisLichen
fungus + alga most are phylum
ascomycotaneed light, air,
water, & mineralspioneer speciesfunction as
biological indicator
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SymbiosisMycorrhizae
fungus + plantmost are phylum zygomycotahyphae grow
through plant rootsabsorb minerals for
plant, plant gives fungus organic sugars and amino acids
may help with water retention
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Symbiosiswood-boring beetlesother plants – orchids cannot germinate w/o
fungus
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DiscussWhat is the symbiotic partner of a
lichen?mycorrhiza?
What does it mean that lichens function as “biological indicators”?
What other organisms can also be “indicators”?
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Phylaphyla are grouped by
the type of spores they create:zygomycotaascomycotabasidiomycotadeuteromycota
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PhylaZygomycota
sexual [zygospores] & asexualzygospore – thick-walled hearty spores
which form sexually and last through harsh conditions
coenocytic hyphae [no septa]most are decomposers [bread mold]
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PhylaAscomycota – the sac fungi
largest & most economically important group
sexual [ascospores] & asexualascospore – spore which
develops in sac-like structure called an ascus
ex: yeast, lichens, morels, blue/green/red/brown molds
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PhylaBasidiomycota – the club fungi
most are saprobes/saphrophytessexual [basidiospores] & asexual
basidiospore – develop on gills of mushroom in club-shaped structures called basidia
ex: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf-fungi [on trees], bird’s nest fungi, plant rusts
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PhylaDeuteromycota – the imperfect fungi
asexual reproduction only useful in making food
cheese, jams, anything “fruit-flavored” for citric acid
ex: Penicillium spp., ringworm, blue stuff in bleu cheese
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DiscussHow are fungal phyla separated?
Which phylum reproduces…using zygospores?only asexually?using spores in sacs?using spores in club-shaped structures?
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HomeworkBDOL 20.1 and BDOL 20.2 worksheet