kin recognition and human facial resemblance. why recognize kin? mate choice (avoid inbreeding) mate...
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Kin Recognition and Human Facial Resemblance
Kin Recognition and Human Facial Resemblance
Why Recognize Kin?Why Recognize Kin?
Mate Choice(avoid
inbreeding)
Mate Choice(avoid
inbreeding)
InclusiveFitness(favour kin)
InclusiveFitness(favour kin)
• Relatives other than your direct offspring can share your genes.
• Helping them to reproduce can increase your own fitness.
• If organisms do show differential treatment to kin according to the degree of relatedness, how do they detect kinship?
• Relatives other than your direct offspring can share your genes.
• Helping them to reproduce can increase your own fitness.
• If organisms do show differential treatment to kin according to the degree of relatedness, how do they detect kinship?
Inclusive Fitness TheoryInclusive Fitness Theory
BaseBase ParticipantParticipant
Creating ResemblanceCreating Resemblance
MorphMorphIntermediateTemplate
IntermediateTemplate
non-self
non-self
morphmorph
self morphself morph
self morphself morph
non-self m
orph
non-self m
orph
MorphsMorphsParticipantsParticipants
Are people more likely to trust others with
faces that resemble their own?
Are people more likely to trust others with
faces that resemble their own?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Trust GameThe Trust GameP2P2
YOU
P2
P1 = $2P2 = $2
P1 = $3P2 = $3
P1 = $1P2 = $4
DeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond BDeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond B
Avera
ge N
um
ber
(out
of
3)
Avera
ge N
um
ber
(ou
t of
3)
Effect of Resemblance on Game Behaviour
Effect of Resemblance on Game Behaviour
DeBruine (2002) Proc Roy Soc Lond BDeBruine (2002) Proc Roy Soc Lond B
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
AverageFemale
Participant
Transforming FacesTransforming Faces
SubjectSubjectAverage
MaleAverage
MaleTransformTransform
TransformsTransforms
BaseFaceBaseFace-- XX ==(( ))
Endpoint FacesEndpoint Faces
Transformed StimuliTransformed Stimuli
SubjectSubject Same-SexTransformSame-SexTransform
Other-SexTransformOther-SexTransform
Do people find faces similar to their own
more attractive?
Is this different for same-sex and other-sex
faces?
Do people find faces similar to their own
more attractive?
Is this different for same-sex and other-sex
faces?
Click on the face you find more attractive.
Click on the face you find more attractive.
Att
ract
iven
ess
Diff
ere
nce
Sco
reA
ttra
ctiv
en
ess
Diff
ere
nce
Sco
reResemblance Increases
“Attractiveness”Resemblance Increases
“Attractiveness”
DeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond BDeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond B
Avera
gen
ess
Diff
ere
nce
Sco
reA
vera
gen
ess
Diff
ere
nce
Sco
reResemblance Increases
“Averageness”Resemblance Increases
“Averageness”
DeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond BDeBruine (2004) Proc Roy Soc Lond B
Context-SpecificityContext-Specificity
• Cues of kinship should cause context-specific effects that...
1. increase prosocial behaviour and attributions
2. decrease attractiveness for mating
• Within the domain of mating, cues of kinship should be more aversive in the context of a short-term relationship than a long-term relationship.
• Cues of kinship should cause context-specific effects that...
1. increase prosocial behaviour and attributions
2. decrease attractiveness for mating
• Within the domain of mating, cues of kinship should be more aversive in the context of a short-term relationship than a long-term relationship.
DeBruine (2005) Proc Roy Soc Lond BDeBruine (2005) Proc Roy Soc Lond B
Avera
ge D
iffere
nce
Sco
reA
vera
ge D
iffere
nce
Sco
reContext-Specific EffectsContext-Specific Effects
What causes individual differences in preferences for self-
resemblance?
What causes individual differences in preferences for self-
resemblance?
Menstrual Cycle EffectsMenstrual Cycle EffectsA
vera
ge S
elf-P
refe
rence
Sco
reA
vera
ge S
elf-P
refe
rence
Sco
re
DeBruine, Jones & Perrett (2005) Hormones & BehaviorDeBruine, Jones & Perrett (2005) Hormones & Behavior
Hormonal CorrelatesHormonal Correlates
Day of menstrual cycle (n=71)Day of menstrual cycle (n=71)
Self-r
ese
mbla
nce
pre
fere
nce
Self-r
ese
mbla
nce
pre
fere
nce
Fert
ility
ris
kFe
rtili
ty r
isk
Fertility riskFertility risk
Est
rone g
lucu
ronid
e (
mm
ol/L/
24h)
Est
rone g
lucu
ronid
e (
mm
ol/L/
24h)
Estimated EstrogenEstimated Estrogen
Pre
gnanedio
l glu
curo
nid
e (
um
ol/L/
24h)
Pre
gnanedio
l glu
curo
nid
e (
um
ol/L/
24h)
Estimated ProgesteroneEstimated Progesterone
DeBruine, Jones & Perrett (2005) Hormones & BehaviorDeBruine, Jones & Perrett (2005) Hormones & Behavior
Are there sex differences in how much people prefr self-resemblance in
children’s faces?
Are there sex differences in how much people prefr self-resemblance in
children’s faces?
Which of these children would you be most likely to adopt?
Which of these children would you be most likely to adopt?
Platek vs. DeBruine Morphing MethodsPlatek vs. DeBruine Morphing Methods
OriginalOriginal ChangedChanged ChildChild MorphMorph
DeBruine (2004) Evolution & Human BehaviorDeBruine (2004) Evolution & Human Behavior
Platek vs. DeBruine ResultsPlatek vs. DeBruine Results
• Platek found that men preferred self-resemblance more than women, who still significantly preferred self-resemblance
• DeBruine found that men and women preferred self-resemblance equally
(Others could match the child faces made using both DeBruine and Platek methods equally well to the adult faces they were made from, and slightly more accurately for female adult faces than male adult faces)
• Platek found that men preferred self-resemblance more than women, who still significantly preferred self-resemblance
• DeBruine found that men and women preferred self-resemblance equally
(Others could match the child faces made using both DeBruine and Platek methods equally well to the adult faces they were made from, and slightly more accurately for female adult faces than male adult faces)
Facial Self-ResemblanceFacial Self-Resemblance1.Increases trustworthiness (both behaviours and
attributions)
2.Increases the attractiveness of same-sex faces more than other-sex faces
3.Has different effects in mating and prosocial contexts
4.Is affected by hormones across the menstrual cycle
5.May or may not be evaluated differently by by men and women in the context of children’s faces