1 1 Stone 2 - 11% Whewellite, 47% Apatite, 42% Struvite

2 2 Stone 19 - 62% Whewellite, 13% Weddelite, 25% Whitlockite

3 3 Stone 17 - 56% Whewellite, 39% Weddelite, 5% Apatite

4 5 Stone 10 - 43% Whewellite, 57% Apatite

5 6 Stone 11 - 50% Whewellite, 42% Weddelite, 8% Apatite

6 7 Stone 16 - 54% Whewellite, 41% Weddelite, 5% Apatite

7 8 Stone 20 - 78% Whewellite, 22% Apatite

8 9 Stone 8 - 39% Whewellite, 61% Weddelite

9

APPLICATIONShimadzu News 2/2003APPLICATION Shimadzu News 2/2003

8

lysis by FTIRKidneystones

Apatite, Stru-vite, Weddelite – thesenames sound nice, but as

kidneystones they are very harm-ful to the patients. In Germany, 5 percent of the people are affect-ed at least once in their lifetime(each year 1.2 million people suf-fer from kidneystones).

The com-pounds of the stonesgive hint about the reason of theillness and appropriate stepsagainst a relapse in the future canbe taken.

At the Bosch Medicentrum, ahospital in the center of ‘s-Herto-genbosch, the Netherlands, anFTIR spectral library has been

developed consisting of lots ofkidneystones with a known

composition. Since mostof the stones are also

analysed by XRF theconcentration of the

components isknown too.

The FTIRlibrary is ahelpful tool toanalyse thepatients kid-neystones. Atall the infraredspectroscopy isa very wellknown tech-

nique doing thisstyle of analysis

[1-3]. A more newaspect using it, is the

reduction of samplepreparation and analysis time

due to high speed FTIR technolo-gy and accessory selection.

In the past the KBr pellet tech-nique taking 15 to 20 minutes was

investigated. Nowadays, it is pos-sible to use the more comfortableand easy to handle ATR tech-nique, and the sample preparationis reduced to nearly zero. Theinstrument used at the BoschMedicentrum is an FTIR-8400with Hyper IR software Version1.57 and a Golden Gate withKRS-5 lenses. With those opticsthe range is extended down to350 cm-1.

Comparison measurements havebeen done on the new FTIR-8400S (Figure 1) and the IRSolu-tion software .

The sample preparation itself isreduced to the following activi-ties. At first, the stone is grindedin a mortar to obtain a fine pow-der. This is necessary because thedifferences in particle size mayeffect the IR spectrum. Then, avery small part of this powder(only a few milligrams) is put onthe diamond-crystal of the Gold-en Gate and the following spec-trum is measured (Figure 2).

When this spectrum is searched inthe library the result will be asshown in figure 3.

The result is, that the determinedstone material consists of 11 %Whewellite, 47 % Apatite, and 42 % Struvite. In this way thechemical content and the concen-tration of the components can bedetermined quickly and easy.

Literatur:

[1] Analysis of urinary calculi by infrared spectrophotometry, Menendez Gutierrez,

R., Med. Segur. Trab., 36 (146), 53-62, 1989.

[2] Technique for the analysis of urinary calculi by infrared spectroscopy, Hesse,

A., Molt, K., J. Clin. Chem., Biochem., 20 (12), 861-73, 1982.

[3] Analysis of urinary calculiby infrared spectroscopy, Laurence, C., Dubreil, D.,

Lustenberger,P., Ann. Chim. (Paris), 1 (1), 55-63.

The photographs on page 8 and 9 are printed with permission of Dr. Gerd von

Unruh, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Bonn, Germany

Figure 4: FTIR kidneystones library created with the FTIR-8400 and Golden Gate

(KRS-5 lenses)

Fig.1: FTIR-8400S: Single-beam instru-

ment with completely encapsulated optics

Figure 3: Typical Search result using a homemade libraryFigure 2: Spectrum of a kidneystone with unknown

composition

Nuisance for millions

of people

analysis by FTIR

1 1 Stone 2 - 11% Whewellite, 47% Apatite, 42% Struvite

2 2 Stone 19 - 62% Whewellite, 13% Weddelite, 25% Whitlockite

3 3 Stone 17 - 56% Whewellite, 39% Weddelite, 5% Apatite

4 5 Stone 10 - 43% Whewellite, 57% Apatite

5 6 Stone 11 - 50% Whewellite, 42% Weddelite, 8% Apatite

6 7 Stone 16 - 54% Whewellite, 41% Weddelite, 5% Apatite

7 8 Stone 20 - 78% Whewellite, 22% Apatite

8 9 Stone 8 - 39% Whewellite, 61% Weddelite

9

APPLICATIONShimadzu News 2/2003APPLICATION Shimadzu News 2/2003

8

KidneystonesKidneystones ana

Apatite, Stru-vite, Weddelite – thesenames sound nice, but as

kidneystones they are very harm-ful to the patients. In Germany, 5 percent of the people are affect-ed at least once in their lifetime(each year 1.2 million people suf-fer from kidneystones).

The com-pounds of the stonesgive hint about the reason of theillness and appropriate stepsagainst a relapse in the future canbe taken.

At the Bosch Medicentrum, ahospital in the center of ‘s-Herto-genbosch, the Netherlands, anFTIR spectral library has been

developed consisting of lots ofkidneystones with a known

composition. Since mostof the stones are also

analysed by XRF theconcentration of the

components isknown too.

The FTIRlibrary is ahelpful tool toanalyse thepatients kid-neystones. Atall the infraredspectroscopy isa very wellknown tech-

nique doing thisstyle of analysis

[1-3]. A more newaspect using it, is the

reduction of samplepreparation and analysis time

due to high speed FTIR technolo-gy and accessory selection.

In the past the KBr pellet tech-nique taking 15 to 20 minutes was

investigated. Nowadays, it is pos-sible to use the more comfortableand easy to handle ATR tech-nique, and the sample preparationis reduced to nearly zero. Theinstrument used at the BoschMedicentrum is an FTIR-8400with Hyper IR software Version1.57 and a Golden Gate withKRS-5 lenses. With those opticsthe range is extended down to350 cm-1.

Comparison measurements havebeen done on the new FTIR-8400S (Figure 1) and the IRSolu-tion software .

The sample preparation itself isreduced to the following activi-ties. At first, the stone is grindedin a mortar to obtain a fine pow-der. This is necessary because thedifferences in particle size mayeffect the IR spectrum. Then, avery small part of this powder(only a few milligrams) is put onthe diamond-crystal of the Gold-en Gate and the following spec-trum is measured (Figure 2).

When this spectrum is searched inthe library the result will be asshown in figure 3.

The result is, that the determinedstone material consists of 11 %Whewellite, 47 % Apatite, and 42 % Struvite. In this way thechemical content and the concen-tration of the components can bedetermined quickly and easy.

Literatur:

[1] Analysis of urinary calculi by infrared spectrophotometry, Menendez Gutierrez,

R., Med. Segur. Trab., 36 (146), 53-62, 1989.

[2] Technique for the analysis of urinary calculi by infrared spectroscopy, Hesse,

A., Molt, K., J. Clin. Chem., Biochem., 20 (12), 861-73, 1982.

[3] Analysis of urinary calculiby infrared spectroscopy, Laurence, C., Dubreil, D.,

Lustenberger,P., Ann. Chim. (Paris), 1 (1), 55-63.

The photographs on page 8 and 9 are printed with permission of Dr. Gerd von

Unruh, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Bonn, Germany

Figure 4: FTIR kidneystones library created with the FTIR-8400 and Golden Gate

(KRS-5 lenses)

Fig.1: FTIR-8400S: Single-beam instru-

ment with completely encapsulated optics

Figure 3: Typical Search result using a homemade libraryFigure 2: Spectrum of a kidneystone with unknown

composition

Nuisance for millions

of people

analysis by FTIR