kick_detection

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Kick Detection

n Kick Detection Equipment.

n Kick Detection (while drilling and while tripping).



Kick Detection

At the end of this section you should be able to:

n Identify the minimum kick detection equipment.

n

Describe practices to detect a kick.



Kick DetectionKick Detection

Once a kick has occurred, the severity of the subsequent well control operations is

dependent on the size of the influx and the degree of underbalance.

Early recognition of an influx and rapid shut in are the key to effective well control.

Kick Detection Equipment:Kick Detection Equipment:

Every rig should have at a minimum the following equipment in good working order:

n Pit Volume Totalizer (PVT system).

n Delta Flow Meter.

n Trip Tank Indicator.



Kick Detection EquipmentKick Detection Equipment

n Pit Volume Totalizer (PVT system): electronic or analogue pit level indicator tomeasure mud tanks levels, a display for key information, and the ability to givevisual and audible warnings. The display shall be visible to the driller.

n Delta Flow Meter: gain / loss measurements equipped with two adjustable alarmthresholds on the display module for visual an audible warning.

n Trip Tank: is a low volume (100 bbls max.)calibrated tank, which can be isolated fromthe remainder of the surface drilling fluidsystem and used to accurately monitor theamount of fluid going into or coming from thewell.

The primary use of the trip tank is to measurethe amount of drilling fluid required to fill thehole while pulling pipe to determine if thedrilling fluid volume matches pipedisplacement.



Kick Detection while DrillingKick Detection while Drilling

At all times while drilling, alertness is to be maintained in order to identify as early as possible anywarning sign or evidence of a kick. The following indicators of potential formation fluid influx intothe wellbore should be flow checked:

Drilling Break:Drilling Break: is a significant increase in the rate of penetration by the drill bit. All drilling breaksmust be flow checked. It is recommended to carry out one bottom’s up circulation after a drillingbreak.

Increase in Return Flow:Increase in Return Flow: the differential flow indicator should offer visual and audible alarms. Anincrease in return flow is often the first indication of an influx.

Pit Level Increase:Pit Level Increase: an increase in pit level can be an indicator that an influx of formation fluid hasoccurred.

Pump Pressure Decrease / Pump Stroke Increase:Pump Pressure Decrease / Pump Stroke Increase: when an influx enters the wellbore, the fluidcolumn in the annulus becomes lighter, unless the influx is denser than the drilling fluid. The mudin the drill pipe begins to "U-Tube" and a slight pressure drop may be observe which may or maynot be accompanied by an increase in pump strokes.



Kick Detection while TrippingKick Detection while Tripping

Influx into the wellbore will cause inappropriate hole fill-up. The use of the trip tank andthe trip sheets will highlight any deviation from expected hole fill volumes. Any deviationmust be investigated and a flow check carried out.

If the flow check is positive, the well must be shut-in immediately.

A negative flow check does not mean that there is no influx:

– Small influx swabbed in, not enough to create an underbalance situation. Although it may migrate, the volume changes are very small to be detected atsurface while flow checking.

– Horizontal well, a swabbed kick confined in the horizontal section will not causeany additional influx.

– OBM used, the gas will go into solution in the OBM and the well may appear tobe static.

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