khanh hoa provincial people's committee nha trang …

KHANH HOA PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE NHA TRANG CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT

FOR COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT

PHASE 2 OF NHA TRANG CITY SUB-PROJECT

L CATION: NllA RANG CITY, KHANH HOA PROVINe

NHA TRANG, MARCH 2011

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E1295 v18

THE PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF KHANH HOA PROVINCE NHA TRANG CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENT SANITATION PROJECT (CCESP)

PHASE 2 OF NHA TRANG CITY

SUB-PROJECT LOCATION: NHA TRANG CITY, KHANH HOA PROVINCE

INVESTOR CONSULTANT

LAC VIET INVESTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

TECHNIQUEST JSC., (LAVIC)

'" ,.", GIAM E)OC

,.. .J,,' , ThiS Jf9+ ~ tWl t

KHANH HOA - MARCH 2011

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2,3,5 - Phase 2

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 1

I. IN"TRODUCTION •••...•••.••••••••.•.•..••••••........•••..•••••••••.•••..•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••....•.•••••••••••••••.••..•••••••• 2

II. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES ...................................................... 2

ill. PROJECT D ESCRIPTI 0 N ••••.•.••..•...•.....•....•..••.•••••••••...•....•..•.••••••..•...•.•.•••••••••....•....•••••••••••..•••.. 3 3.1. Investment location of Project ..•.......••••....•••..•...••..••..•••..•......••••••••.••.........••..••.•.••••.•.•..•..•••...•. 3 3.2. Investor information •••••.••.•••..•......••..•••••••.•.•.....•..••.•..••....•.•••••..•...••.••.•..•....••.•.•••....•..•.•.•.•..••..•. 3 3.3. Main investment items of Phase 2 of Nha Trang city sub-project ........................................ 3

3.3 .1. Drainage, Flooding control and wastewater collection - Stage 2 ........................................ 3 3.3.2. Invest wastewater treatment plant ........................................................................................ 3 3.3.3. Solid Waste Management - Stage 2 .................................................................................... 4 3.3.4. Sanitation Fund and revolving fund - Stage 2 ..................................................................... 5

3.4. Investment cost ofNha Trang City sub-project phase 2 ........................................................ 6 3.5. Implementation schedule of pbase 2 ........................................................................................ 6

IV. BASELINE DATA .......................................................................................................................... 8 4.1. Basically Social - Economic of Nha Trang City ...................................................................... 8 4.2. Natural condition .•.....•....•.•••.............••••...••......•..••••••.......••.•.••.••••...•.•••••••••••...••.•...•...••••••••••••••. 8 4.3. Environmental condition .................... ~ .. "' ..................................................................................... 9

V. ALTERN' A TlVE ASSESSMENT .........••.....•.•...........................•............•................•.............. 13

VI. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1. Negative impacts in preparation and construction phase .................................................... 15

6.1.1. Social Impacts .................................................................................................................... 15 Scope of Land Acquisition: ......................................................................................................... 15 6.1.2. Impacts on Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 16 6.1.3. Noise Impact ...................................................................................................................... 19 6.1.4. Impacts on surface water quality ....................................................................................... 20 6.1.5. Impact of solid waste ......................................................................................................... 22 6.1.6. Traffic congestion .............................................................................................................. 23

6.2. Negative impacts in operation phase ..................................................................................... 24 6.2.1. Impacts on air quality due to bad odor and noise .............................................................. 24 6.2.2. Impacts due to wastewater ................................................................................................. 25 6.2.3. Impacts due to solid and hazardous wastes from WWTP and Luong Hoa landfill leachate treatment plant ............................................................................................................................. 27

Vll. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .•...••.....•.••••......•••••••••..••........••••••••..••.•..••••....•. 27 7.1. Mitigation Measures Plan .•••...............•.••••••...•••..........•••.•...••••......••••.....•••••.•..•.••••••••.......•••.••• 29 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program ••...•.•••.•••.•••..•.•..•.••••••••.••........•••••........••...•.•..•.••...•...•••• 29 7.3. Organization of Environmental Management And Responsibility .................................... 31 7.4. Training program ..................................................................................................................... 33

vm. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ................................................................ 36 8.1. Public Consulmtion Implement •••..•••••..•••.•......••••••••••••••••••...•••.•.•••..••••••••••.•..•••••••.••.•.•••.••••••• 36 8.2. Results of Pu blic consultation ••••...•...••..•.••..••••.•••.•••••.••••••....•....••••••••••••••....•....•••.••••••.•••••...... 36 8.3. Public Disclosure .•.•..•....•.•••••..•.•••.......•..•••.•.••••.••.•••..••....••••.•••..••••••••.•••••••••..•••..••..••••••••.•••....•. 37

IX. CONCLUSION ..••.•..•••.•..•••....•••.......••...•.•••.•••••••.....•.......•..•...•.•..••••.•.••...•••.....•••••.......•.....•...•••.•••. 38

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component I, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

I. INTRODUCTION

Nha Trang City that is an administrative, economic, cultural center of Khanh Hoa has been accepted as the first grade city. Nha Trang has many favourable factors for tourism development. In the future, Nha Trang not only is the economic, cultural, tourism center of Khanh Hoa Province, but also become an economic, cultural, tourist center of Viet Nam.

To boost the position ofNha Trang city, deserving as the economic, cultural, tourism center of Viet Nam, create attractive environment to tourist, infrastructure investment to improve conditions of environment sanitation in entire Nha Trang city is really needed.

For that situation, Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (including 3 Subprojects that are Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province; Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh Province and Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa Province) - the Subproject ofNha Trang City Environment Sanitation is proposed in order to deal with serious environment problems in current, improve city environment sanitation condition, improve living condition for people, ensure firm economic development, promote the local potential and strength as tourism that mainly depends on attraction of environment sanitation condition.

The project is sponsored by World Bank and built based on experience from other projects also sponsored by World Bank such as Ho Chi Minh City Environment Sanitation Project. As other environment sanitation projects, Nha Trang City Subproject will make positive effects on environment and society as well as stable economic development in area.

The Nha Trang Sub-project includes 6 components and divided into 2 phases: Phase 1: 2006 - 2011 and Phase 2: 2011 - 2014.

In phase 2, investment items are as below:

(i) Component 1: Drainage, Flooding control and wastewater collection - Stage 2

(ii) Component 2: Wastewater Treatment Plant;

(iii) Component 3: Solid Waste Management - Stage 2

(iv) Component 5: Sanitation Fund for revolving fund - Stage 2

This document reports on the assessment of environmental impacts of the Phase 2 of Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP), Nha Trang City Sub-project.

II. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES

This EIA has been prepared in accordance with World Bank environmental and social policies and guidelines and Vietnamese regulations for environmental impact assessment, including:

• World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, for Category A projects requiring completion of full-scale EIA;

• World Bank Operational Policy 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources;

• The Vietnam Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) No. 52/2005/QHll dated November 29th, 2005;


2

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component I, 2, 3,5 - Phase 2

• Circular No. OS/2008/TT-BTNMT dated December 08th, 2008 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the Guidelines on Strategic Environmental Evaluation, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Commitments.

III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. Investment location of Project

Phase 2 of Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP), Nha Trang City Subproject encompasses 18 wards ofNha Trang City.

3.2. Investor information

• Name of investor: Nha Trang City Environmental Sanitation Project Management Unit

• Representative: Ms Ly Ngoc Dung - Director

• Address: 6A Yersin Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Province

• TeL: 058 3562337 - Fax: 058 356203

3.3. Main investment items of Phase 2 of Nha Trang city sub-project

3.3.1. Drainage, Flooding control and wastewater collection - Stage 2

Flood control, water drainage and wastewater collection in the interior of city in the North, the Central and the South the workload as follows:

• Building 2598m combine sewage system for the Northern area; 9166m combine sewage line for the South and the Center;

• Building 8175m wastewater drainage sewage for the Southern area, 11782m wastewater drainage sewage for Northern and Center area;

• Building about 30638m tertiary sewer;

• Building 10 pumping stations;

• Building with 19 separated wells with discharge outlet and pumping stations;

• Renovating and building 2679 drains

3.3.2. Invest wastewater treatment plant

Based on the flow calculation, the WWTP is constructed in two phases with various modules of equivalent capacity. The capacity of individual treatment units includes:

• The wastewater treatment plant in the North: 7,000 m3/day

• The wastewater treatment plant in the South: 10,000 m3/day

Table 1: Capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Items Capacity (Phase 1) Capacity (Phase 2)

Environmental Impact Assessment (EJA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011

Unit Northern WWTP m3/day 14,000 m3/day 21,000

Southern WWTP 40,000 60,000

3

I

I


i Daily average flow m3/day

m3/h Maximum flow in dry season m3/day

m3/h Maximum flow in rainy season m3/day

m3/h

15,379 44,064

641 1,836 23,155 65,664

965 2,736 38,534 109,728

1,606 4,572

Both two plants use the same treatment technology that is deeply oxidation ditch, submersible air mixing device and aboveground stirring device (Rotor). This solution is suitable with maintenance condition and simple in operation.

Foul water ....... Coarse & Fine r+ Aerated Grit f-+ Buffer tank collection tank screen & Grease

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contact tanks

Figure 1: The flowchart of wastewater treatment technology

3.3.3. Solid Waste Management - Stage 2

• Construction of solid waste collection points and transfer station

+ Collection points

25 solid waste collection points by using dustbin will be built at 25 markets in Nha Trang City. Dustbins will be placed on the pavements of road and with 7.20 m2 area.

+ Transfer stations o At Vinh Hai market (public toilets existing), area of 100m2

;

o At Dam market (public toilets existing), area of 160m2;

o At Vinh Truong Village including transfer of waste from islands (public toilets existing), area of 120m2

•

• Transport leachate from Ru Ri landfill to the Luong Hoa landfill

A pumping station (Q= 3.6 cbmJh, H= 15m) will be located at settling tank and pipes

lines (360m of pressure line and 570m of gravity line) are laid in the shoulder of the

new access road to Luong Hoa landfill.


4

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component I, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

• Redesign of Luong Hoa Landfill

+ Adjustment of Rock Excavation

o Reducing landfill area at Southern embankment: At the South-East corner of the landfill a strip of2.700 m2 will be excluded.

o Construction of steep slopes: At several locations of the landfill steep slopes up to 1: 1 will be constructed in order to reduce excavation.

+ Redesign of liner system

Rock excavation areas (up to 1: 1), the entire liner system will be constructed by mainly geo synthetic components (GCL, drainage textiles, geo textiles).

• Improvement of leachate management

+ Leachate collection improvement: Redesign of pipe collection can be served for leachate circulation that can improve the landfill performance.

+ Leachate treatment: A nitrogen elimination step (stripping) should be added at Luong Hoa leachate treatment plant for nitrogen removal.

• Shift and redesign of hazardous waste cell

The hazardous waste cell will be moved to a separate place outside the solid waste site. A 4000 m2 area next to the Northern (slope) road is available and feasible. The flat area allows a leachate free waste storage due to installed roof for hazardous waste cell. Thus, the leachate tank including peripheral installations (pumping, pressure pipe) can be cancelled.

• Redesign Luong Hoa Leachate Treatment Plant

The treatment technology proposed in the Phase 1 is to use 3 lakes (02 anaerobic lakes and 01 oxidization ditch) for treatment of leachate. So, it is very difficult to treat the leachate, especially treatment of Nitrogen contained therein. Thus, The modified technology of leachate treatment plant in Luong Hoa landfill will add two steps of anoxic treatment (Tripping tower 1 &2) to remove nitrogen and physical treatment to remove suspended solid were implemented. The investment items of new technology are as below:

1. Collection Well: 500m3

2. Lime mixed tank: HRT: 30 minutes, D=1.2 m x H=2.8

3. Stripping Tower 1: D=3m x H = 8m;

4. Stripping Tower 2: D=3m x H = 8m;

5. Neutralization (eliminating lime): HRT: 3 hours; D=2.8 x H=6m.

6. Anaerobic pond 1: HRT: 111 days (15,000m3) (Stage 1)

7. Anaerobic pond 2: HRT: 111 days (15,000m3) (Stage 1)

8. Oxidization ditch: HRT: 66 days (9000m3) (Stage 1)

3.3.4. Sanitation Fund and revolving fund - Stage 2

• Sanitation Fund For Schools' Sanitation Program: Program of school sanitation the public rehabilitation work will be built in preschools, primary schools, secondary schools and high schools in Nha Trang City. In stage 2, there are 10 schools are

5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

invested. These works include demolition of existing toilets, construction of new toilets (with extensions); The area of new toilets vary from 78.40m2 to 178.25m2 and total area is 1,050.04 m2

; Construction of septic tanks and uPVC DN 110-150 mm waste water pipe to lead to manholes in front of school side; Equipped sanitation facilities and garbage bins.

• Revolving fund for household: Renovating sanitation constructions for households. PMU had transfer to Nha Trang Women's Union amount of VND 3.2 billion. In 12/2010, funds will be disbursed to households.

3.4. Investment cost of Nha Trang City sub-project phase 2

The capital to implement Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project - Nha Trang city subproject phase 2 is USD 56,003,071. Detail cost for each components ofNha Trang Subproject is shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Total investment costs for all components of the Subproject

Component Investment follow phase (USD)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Component 1 5,659,312 18,888,079 Component 2 0 19,266,000 Component 3 5,440,126 958,624

Component 4 2,169,477 3,456,626 Component 5 234,001 434,103 Component 6 4,561,200 4,360,000

Sum 18,064,116 47,363,432 Provision 1,244,295 3,935,781

Sum 19,308,411 51,299,213 VAT 1,702,925 4,703,858 Tota) 21,011,336 56,003,071

3.5. Implementation schedule of phase 2

The project implementation plan in the Phase 2 is presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Schedule of phase 2 progress

Components Description

1. Compo No1 Drainage, Flooding control and wastewater collection - Stage 2

2. Comp.No2 Invest wastewater treatment plant 3. Compo No3 Solid Waste Management - Stage 2 4. Compo No5 Sanitation Fund and revolving fund -

Stage 2


Startin2 time

2011

2011 2011

2011 -

Sum 24,547,391 19,266,000 6,398,750

5,626,103 668,104

8,921,200 65,427,548

5,180,076 70,607,624

6,406,783 77,014,407

Endin2time

2013

2014 2012

2013

6


Figure 2: Project layout and components of Nha Trang suh-project Phase 2

INVESTMENT ITEMS OF NHA TRANG CITY SUB-PROJECT· PHASE 2

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 201 I

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ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2,3,5 - Phase 2

IV. BASELINE DATA

4.1. Basically Social- Economic of Nha Trang City

Nha Trang city with a total area of 252.596 km2, this is the economic, cultural, political and

tourism Center ofKhanh Hoa province. In recent years, the economic situation of the city has been always developing at high stability and clearly self-affirmed the role with the very high economic growth, annual average GDP increases by 13.13% (period 2003 - 2007), commercial - service increases by 15.54%, industrial output value increases by 14.87%. The Nha Trang city is the place gathering many large economic bases of the province, a cultural tourism center of the country, is the attractive destination for domestic and international tourists, play the nuclear role in promoting economic development of the province in particular and the country in general.

4.2. Natural condition

• Climate characteristic The climate ofNha Trang city has the tropical characteristics with two distinct rainy and dry seasons. + Air temperature: With the equable climate, in the whole year, the Nha Trang City

has the sunny summer but not hot and rainy winter but not cold. Temperature of average per year is 26.60°C, lowest temperature recorded is 14.60oC, highest temperature recorded is 39.50°C.

+ Rain regime: Rain is the most powerful variable factor in all climate factors. The rainfall from 1 000-1500mm makes up 51 %, the rainfall under 1000mm to 700mm makes up 20%, the rest is the rainfall from 1500mm to 2500mm, of which over 2,000 mm rainfall accounts for 12%. Due to climate change in recent times, calculated rainfall increases by 5% in comparison with previous calculations.

+ Wind regime: The main prevailing wind direction in Nha Trang city is the North and Northeast, Southeast with average wind speed of 6m1s; dry Southwest wind appears rarely. In general, Nha Trang city less affected by the storms, tornadoes.

+ Storms: From 1976 to 2007 there have been total 11 storms and 1 tropical low pressure landed in territory of Khanh Hoa. The most powerful wind speed is grade 6, grade 7 (39-61 KmIh) make up 55%, grade 8, grade 9 (62-88Km1h) make up 33%, grade 10 (89-102 Km/h) makes 12%. The stormy rain is not heavy; the duration of the rain is not long. If the storm is not associating with other systems, the rain usually lasts less than 24 hours; if associating with the cold air, tropical convergence, etc, it does not exceed 72 hours.

• Tide: Nha Trang city is located close to Nha Trang Bay. The tidal regime in Nha Trang Bay is not steady. According to observed data at Red Bridge hydrologic station in Khan Hoar province, there are 18-20 diurnal tide days, duration of rising tide is more than duration of falling tide. Sea level is relatively clear periodic with the largest amplitude is 2.4 m, the tidal average amplitude is from 1.2 to 2 m. Tidal water level ranges from -1.37 m to + 1.03 m (National VN2000 coordinate system).


8


• Wave: Maximum wave height observed at the coast of Khanh Hoa People's Committee headquarter is 2.5 m (on November 15, 1990). In Nha Trang Bay, observed wave is the wave with the elevation higher 2.0 m.

• River:

+ Cai River (Nha Trang):

The average flow for many years in the Cai River at Dong Trang with the basin area of 1244 km2 reaches 56.5 m3/s, appropriate with the flow module of 45.5 lIs/km2 and total flow volume of 1.78 billion m3/year.

+ Tac river and Quan Truong river:

Hydrologic regime of the Quan Truong River directly impacts to the area south of Nha Trang airport. It's just a branch ofNha Trang Cai River, in the dry season there is no water, in the rainy season, the water from the Nha Trang Cai River spreads with the field water in Dien Khanh gathered and discharged into the Be outfall, Dong Bo river, causing flood in two sides of the river.

• Flood: Every year, there is usually from 2-5 floods in this area, as mentioned above, a apart of flood flow is discharged to the Tac River then to the' Be River. The floodwater on the river often causes very serious flooding for low ground. The duration of flooding may last from 2-3 days. Historic flood in 1964 lasted a week. The most dangerous case is wave combines with the flood tide. The area that usually occurs flooding is Dien Khanh district and lower areas of the Nha Trang city such as Vinh Thai Village, Vinh Ngoc Village, Vinh Hiep Village, Vinh Thanh Village, Vinh Phuoc Village, Vinh Hai and Ngoc Hiep Ward.

• Ecosystem characteristics

Project area has very limited fauna and flora due to the urban development level. The non-urban areas of the project area are widely used for agricultural purposes mainly rice fields. The sloping hills are used for cashews and coconuts planting.

There are no native plants and animals existing in the area. The beach area is mostly sand or mud and offshore steep. The nearest coral reef away from the coast approximately 15km includes Hon Mun Marine Reservation Area where has the most diverse coral reefs in Vietnam.

4.3. Environmental condition

• Ambient air quality

In the EIA period (2010), there were 16 samples of ambient air quality taken along the project line for evaluation of air quality in Nha Trang City. The concentrations of air pollutants were compared with the limited values of QCVN 05:20091BTNMT (National Technical Standards - Ambient air quality - average 1 hour) to evaluate the air quality in project area. The results shown that: Ambient air quality in some sampling stations was locally polluted by dust, S02 and N02, it is due to traffic activities in the moments.


9


• Surface water quality in Nha Trang City

In the EIA period (2010), there were 12 water samples taken from Cai and Tac -Quan Truong rivers for evaluation of surface water quality. Water quality indicators were compared with limited values of pollutants of QCVN OS:200SlBlNMT corresponding to the values in column B (column B 1: For purposes of irrigation or other purposes that require similar water quality or for such purposes as column B2 waterway transportation and other purposes with the requirements oflow quality).

The results shows that water quality in rivers of Nha Trang City have slightly pollution on organic matter (COD and BODs did not meet the limited values of QCVN), nutrient (N03-, ~ + ... were higher than the standard level) and even polluted by SS.

• Underground water quality in Nha Trang City

In 2010, Consultant have carried out the environmental monitoring for EIA study, one sampling occasion with 4 samples from households' wells was conducted for underground water quality ofNha Trang city. In comparison with the limited values of pollutants of QCVN 09:200S/BlNMT (National Technical Standard - Regulation of groundwater quality), the analysis results show that arsenic content is lower than the QCVN, all heavy metals concentration are much lower allowed standard. Coliforms and Fecal Coli in all sampling points met the allowed standard.

• Sea water quality in Nha Trang City

The status of sea water environment at project area is assessed through analysis results of indicators of particular sea water environmental quality in sea water samples two points along the sea coast in the northern region: NB 1 (Coastal sea water in 1st discharge sewer); NB2 (Coastal sea water in 2nd discharge sewer). The analyzed indicators are: temperature, pH, TSS, COD, BODS, Hg2+, Mn2+, NH4+, etc. Concentration of parameters of sea-water quality were compared with allowed limit values of the parameters and concentrations of pollutants with QCVN 10:200SIBTNMT (Area of beaches, water sports). The results of analysis show that: COD exceeded QCVN from 2 to 2.25 times corresponding to sampling points NB 1 and NB2; many heavy metal concentrations (Cr3+, Cr6+, As, Cu2+, Mn2

) are higher than the limited value of standard, even NHt + also did not meet the standard.

• Wastewater characteristic

To assess the status of wastewater characteristic in the project area, the EIA Team analyzed samples at 10 locations typically as follows: wastewater in regional landfills; wastewater in residential areas; wastewater in markets sewages; wastewater from hospital. In comparison with the limited values of pollutants of QCVN 14:200SlBlNMT (National Technical Standard - Regulation on domestic wastewater, column B - the value regulation of parameters of pollution as a basis of calculating maximum value allowed in the domestic wastewater when discharging into the water sources not using for the purpose of fresh water supply). The analysis results of wastewater samples in Nha Trang city show that:


10

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

+ Concentration of BODS in all samples varied from 131mg/l to 261 mg/l and did not meet the limited value of QCVN 14:2008!BTNMT column B «50 mg/l).

+ Concentration of SS in all samples varied from 111mg/l to 329 mg/l and did not meet the limited value ofQCVN 14:2008/BTNMT column B «100 mg/I).

+ The density of micro-organisms in samples at NT1 (market area) and NT6 (hospital of city) are higher from 2.5 to 7.2 times than QCVN value «5000 MNP/lOOml)

• Sediment characteristic Wastewater characteristic

There are 04 samples of sediment taken from bottom of Cai and Tac - Quan Truong rivers. The standards applied for evaluating the quality of sediment is QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT (National Technical Standard, regulation on allowable limited of heavy metals in soil). In accordance with the standards for threshold limited level of some heavy metals in soil by QCVN 03:2008IBTNMT, it's shown that concentration of Cu exceeds QCVN in all sampling points which were higher than the limited value from 4.42 times to 5.57 times; concentration of Pb and Zn are achieved QCVN in all samples.


11


Figure 3: Location map of surface water/sediment and air/noise quality sampling sites

LOCATION MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING POINTS NHA TRANG SUB-PROJECT - PHASE 2


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12

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component t, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

V. ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT

Due to the investment item of Component 2 (WWTP investment), there are various technical options for wastewater treatment and sludge treatment technologies. Technical options for wastewater and sludge treatment technologies are proposed as below:

• For wastewater treatment technology: there are four proposed options + Option 01 : Bio Filter Reservoir - BFR

+ Option 02 : Sequencing Biological Reaction - SBR

+ Option 03 : Oxidation Ditch (shallow and deep) - OD

+ Option 04 : Up-flow Oxidation Ditch Anaerobic Sludge Blanket - UASB

• F I d t t or s u 1ge rea men tt h ec no ogy: th fi ere are Ive propose d f o.pl10ns Option Description Abbreviation STOI Gravitational Pre-thickening GT ST02 Sludge Filtration Containers SFC ST03 Slud~e Drying Beds SDB

ST04 ST 4.01: Mechanical Pre-thickening MTD4.1

i ST 4.02: Dewatering with Polymer Conditioning MTD4.2 ST05 Solar Drying of Dewatered Sludge SDS

The alternative assessments for selection of wastewater and sludge treatment technologies are presented in Table 4 and 5.

Table 4: Summary and comparison of the considered criteria for selection of wastewater treatment

Adaptability to changing flow (load conditions)

Sustainability/ease of operation

Emuents (PIN removal)

831

96,700

Very good Modular layout Adaptable to different flowlload conditions Filtration process, in house gallery for piping and equipment (easy acceptable, small diameters), less measuring equipment. PLC controlled process, but can be

P removal possible by chemical dosing into reactor


937.7

153,100

Moderate adaptable PLC controlled sequences

Less flexible Dependent on control system, no manual operation possible. Needs IT skills for program use. Moderate use of measuring equipment (level and

Controlled P+N removal has to be

in

888.23 1,052.47

888 1,052

Good Limited in change of Flexible in operation, flow conditions, depending on sludge good in increasing return operation load changes

Basically robust Easy operation process, clarifiers within layout limits, need special attention. final clarifiers need Moderate use of attention, gas measuring equipment collection, storage, (level and 02). Little compression and imported equipment energy generation

need skills

Controlled P+N No PIN removal removal has to be possible, requires

treatment

13

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 1, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

original layout. requires separate Basically

layout. Possible to upgrade system

phase (anoxic tank)

denitrification stage uncontrolled P+N removal

existing because of anoxic and

anaerobic conditions during

settling and

(1) Phase 1 North (10.000 m3/day), direct costs, no contingencies, for comparison

Table 5: Summary and comparison of the considered criteria for selection for sludge treatment .. ..,", ....... ,vn'!;,._T

ST02

ST03

ST04

- No need for - Simple operation - Low energy consumption - Proven standard nr{,,., .. '~c;,

- Dry solids content of 12 % achievable

- Small foot print - Control of smell.

No need for labour - Simple operation • Low energy consumption

Standard process, available in Vietnam

- Dry solids content of 20 to 30 % achievable

- Process with low energy consumption

• Small footprint - Savings in cost of transportation

and disposal i-Control of smell

- Open air structure with possibility to generate bad odour/smell.

- Use of polymer Mobile unit usually for

temporary use only - Well skilled operators required

Spare parts and service

- Open air structure generation of bad odour/ smell

- Big foot print/occupying a large area

- Breeding ground for harmfullhealth hazardous insects (i.e. malaria mosquitoes) and germs

- Buffer zone 300 meter. - Use of polymer - Well skilled/trained operators

required - Spare parts and service required

ST 05 - Dry solids content of 70 to 90 % - investment cost achievable - Big foot print/occupying a large

- Additional savings in cost of area transportation and disposal - Well skilledltrained operators Use as an alternative fuel in required cement factories and/or coal-fIred - Spare parts and service required power plants possible.

• Control of smell.


Selected option: Thickeners (sludge with 2

% DS after pre-

Selected option: Belt-Thickeners (sludge

with 5 % DS after mechanical thickening)

14

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component I, 2,3,5 Phase 2

VI. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES

Once finished, the project will provide mostly positive benefits in the long term which include the following:

• Base on completed studying, expected sub-projects will bring positive benefits to the

environment, public health and the economy based on tourism by reducing the

frequency and extent of floods in the city center.

• Improve the collection and leachate collection system and solid waste management,

support to improve capability and sanitation services.

• Thanks to the improvement of drainage ability and water quality, flooding in this area

will be reduced, and public health will be improved when water borne diseases will be

decreased.

Beside the positive benefits, project implement as pre-construction, construction and

operation phases will bring some impacts on social and nature environments. These negative

impacts and proposed countermeasures will be presented below:

6.1. Negative impacts in preparation and construction phase

6.1.1. Social Impacts

Based on the Resettlement Plan report, most important social impacts of the Project are as follows:

Households impacts:

• Nha Trang Sub-project - Phase 2 will have impacts on 144 households, of which 31 HHs will be relocated.

• Of 31 fully effected HHs, 02 HHs living in area of drainage works, 11 HHs are living in the area of the treatment plant in the North, 10 households living in the area of the Southern WWTPand 8 households living in the area of Luong "Hoa landfIll site, Vinh Luong commune.

• 53 households are affected residential land;

• 01 organization (pagoda) is affected a part of its guesthouse.

Scope of Land Acquisition:

As mentioned above about 144 households will be affected and 113,371 m1 of land acquisition and 64,114m1 public land without compensation for drainage works, details is as follows:

• Residential land: Approximately 10,882 m2 of urban land will be affected by the project, in which 6,613 m2 is as buffer zones ofWWTPs and Landfill. The impacts on affected properties are not big, no auxiliary works or production and business units are affected. The survey results showed that about 767m2 of houses, mainly walls, and


15


2,005m2 of yards and 2 - 2.5 - meter - tall fences are affected. Those impacts are not large and they can repair the remaining area of houses, yards and fences.

• Agricultural Land: approximately 102,489 m2 of agricultural land will be affected,

• Land of Religious organization: about 17m2 of the guesthouse area of the Phuoc Hue Pagoda will be acquired but the main part of pagoda will not be affected.

Mitigation measures:

• For mitigation of household impacts:

Affected households, businesses and other affected persons will be compensated and assisted in accordance with Resettlement Plan agreed between the Vietnamese Government and WB, prepared in accordance with the approved project Resettlement Policy Framework. The Resettlement Plan outlines in detail the social impacts, mitigation measures, policy framework and entitlements, resettlement site, rehabilitation and assistance programs, framework for resettlement/compensation, consultation processes, and grievance and redresses process, monitoring and evaluation and cost estimates relating to the negative social impacts.

• For mitigation of Land of Religious:

Consultants had meeting with representatives of Phuoc Hue Pagoda to discuss on issue of land acquisition. They agreed to be recovered land for the project and proposed to minimize the negative impact on Pagoda.

6.1.2. Impacts on Air Quality

i) Dust pollution

Source and impact of dust

Dust will be generated due to excavation, digging activities and loading/unloading of construction materials and excavation material. A common approach to estimate load of dust generated by excavation/digging and loading/unloading material are to follow the approach in AP.42 Section 13.2.4 (USEPA, 1998) that provides a dust effilSSlon factor equation for an excavating/digging/loading/unloading operation as follows:

( u )U( ~I )-IA

E == kO.0016 2.2· T kg/t (1)

When:

• k = 0.74 for particle less than 30 micrometers

• U = mean wind speed in (mls), chose 3m1s

• M = Material moisture content (%), chose M = 2% (dry season)


16

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2, 3,5 - Phase 2

The dust emission factor of excavation operation can be calculated by above equation and the result is 0.0018 kg/ton. Then, the load of dust will be estimated by the multiply the factor and the volume of excavation/digging material (by tons). The estimated load of dust emission is presented Table 6.

Table 6: Estimated load of dust emission from excavated/digging operation.

Works Volume of Rate of dust material (tons) Kg/month Kg/day

I. Excavation/digging and leveling I

1.1. Drainage sewage lines 402,275 144.82 5.79 i 1.2. Wastewater drainage sewer lines 135,049 48.62 1.94 . 1.3. W astewater jJumjJin~ stations 5,319 1.91 0.08 1.4. North WWTP 81,769 49.06 1.96 1.5. South WWTP 286,759 172.06 6.88 1.6. Schools' Sanitation Program 360 0.65 0.03

Total: 417.11 16.68 II. Loading excavation material and unloading construction material I

2.1. Total excavationlleveling material 911,531 417.11 16.68 I

2.2. Construction material 157,716 47.31 1.89 Total: 464.42 18.57

Grand total 881.53 35.25 Notes: - Excavation time of drainage works is 5 months in total - Excavation time of WWTP construction is 3 months - Demolition time of school's sanitation upgrading is 1 month - 25 working day per month, - 10 working hour per day

As calculated in Table 1, the total load of dust of project is 881.53 kg/month (3.55kglh). While, the total project construction area is 117,485 m2

, it means that the rate of dust emission is 30.21mglm2/h. With drainage works, for rolling up construction, a construction section with dimension by 3m*100m will generate a load of dust by 9063mglh that is not a highly rate emission of dust.

In conclusion, dust pollution will cause many negative impacts to the living environment, affecting to the living conditions and activities of people living at surrounding area along construction site of project, specially impact to pupils at 10 schools of sanitation program.


•

•

Watering when digging, trench and breaking of roadway, sidewalk: 2 times/day for keeping the land always in wet. This limits amount of dust dispersion far away (down by:::: 75%);

Open construction sites as well as heaps of materials pending for use or transport should be watered regularly. Heaps of construction materials like cement should be covered up to limit dust.

17 Environmental Impact Assessment (ElA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011


• Movable iron sheet walls (for roll-up construction) of at least 2 m height should be use to avoid of dust dispersion and to prevent accidents due to children. This can reduce up to 80% of dust dispersed during excavating and digging and demolition.

• During the dry days, periodically watering construction sites is necessary for dust controL These measures will be used at the construction sites in urban areas as schools, hospitals, and religious and historical sites.

• The zones used to gather construction materials and machines should be managed strictly. Drips and drops of materials should be avoided. Temporary warehouses (if required) should be built and covered up and isolated with fences.

• Any vehicle transporting materials and spoil to and from construction sites should be covered up. Overloaded vehicles should be prohibited.

ii) Emission gas from transportation and construction machinery activities

Source and impacts:

Air pollutants will be emitted in process of operation of machinery, equipment, and transportation vehicle in the construction site. Air pollutants as TSP, N02, S02, CO, THC will contribute to affect ambient air qUality.

According to rapid assessment method of environment of WHO, the pollution coefficient of air pollutants in emission gas of vehicle using Diesel Oil (DO with 0.05%S), based on amount of DO using per day, the estimated load of air pollutant in emissions gas are as below:

• TSP • S0 2

• N02

• CO

: 1.09 kg/day : 1.19 kg/day : 12.65 kg/day : 4.06 kg/day

Thus, air pollutants in emission gas caused to the impacts on air environment. The impacts on air quality and people's living condition especially occur around the construction site. It is slight significant and due to the harm of many pollution factors as TSP, CO, N02 from exhausted gas of engine to construction workers who have a directly exposure in long term.

However, for the impact to ambient air quality, load of air pollutants not enough to contribute and increase the concentration of air pollutants in ambient air quality at surrounding project area due to the pollution rate is rather low.


• All vehicles and machines should receive proper maintenance. Vehicles, trucks, construction equipment used in this project should be checked air emission levels to meet the Vietnamese Standards. This is a condition in the tender given by PMU.

• Construction machines with low emissions should be employed to reduce emission. Sources of emission should be arranged far from people's houses.


18

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 1,2,3,5 - Phase 2

• All construction machines and vehicles should meet the standard on emISSIOns (TCVN 6438:2001) and all industrial machines should meet the same standards applicable to equipment.

• Burning waste materials in-site is not permitted.

• Finally, Contractors need to have suitable measures for construction and use appropriate measures to control the negative impacts in accordance with the actual situation, limit to a minimum impact, especially for workers who execute directly in construction sites.

6.1.3. Noise Impact

Source and impacts:

In construction phase, noise is mainly generated from heavy equipment that can be defmed as earth-moving equipment, such as excavating machinery like excavators, backhoes, and front loaders, as well as from pilling machine and handling equipment like graders, pavers, rollers, and dump trucks.

Noise levels at 105m from heavy equipment range from about 72 to 96 dBA. Besides, operation of vehicles and stationary equipment such as pumps, excavator and power generators are noise sources. At 15 m from truck and dozer, noise level is about 88, 85 dBA respectively. Noise level at 15 m from stationary equipment is about 68 - 88 dBA.

At 15 m distance far from the source, the noise level of most machinery and equipment is higher than the limited standard in period time from 6h to 18h «70 dBA). Therefore, for building, house, with the distance from the placement of works to the house about 20 meters will be affected by noise.

Especially, for schools of sanitation program, noise impact only occurs in demolition time and transportation.

Noise will also cause adverse impacts to the residence living near the site of drainage works construction (urban area). However, this impact is only temporary at construction duration and only affect to residential areas within a distance of 20 meters from the location of the construction. Residential areas are far away than 20 m, the level of impact is very small, it can be considered as not impacted.


Many activities of the project will produce noise, for instance, operation of vehicles and construction machines (pilling, hammer machines, drilling, cutting and digging machines, etc.; and generators, etc). In order to mitigate impacts of noise to meet the limited value of standard «75dBA in daytime), the project should strictly consider and apply three categories of noise control approaches given below:

• Design considerations and project layout:

+ Construct noise barriers, such as temporary walls between noisy activities and noise-sensitive receivers.


19


+ Site equipment on the construction lot as far away from noise-sensitive sites as possible.

+ Construct walled enclosures around especially noisy activities or clusters of noisy equipment. For example, shields can be used around pavement breakers and loaded vinyl curtains can be draped under elevated structures.

• Sequence of operations:

+ Combine noisy operations to occur in the same time period. The total noise level produced will not be significantly greater than the level produced if the operations were performed separately.

+ Avoid nighttime activities. Sensitivity to noise increases during the nighttime hours in residential neighborhoods. Noisy machines should be operated in daytime. Any nighttime activities should be done using noise-reducing means or low-noise technologies.

+ Do not transport construction materials during the studying hours of the pupils to reduce noise affecting studying of pupils and working of staffs in the schools.

+ Some activities, generating much noise, should be done out of studying hours and working hours of the schools.

• Alternative construction methods:

+ Avoid use of an impact pile driver where possible in noise·sensitive areas. Drilled piles or the use of a sonic or vibratory pile driver are quieter alternatives where the geological conditions permit their use.

+ Select quieter demolition methods, where possible. For example, sawing bridge decks into sections that can be loaded onto trucks results in lower cumulative noise levels than impact demolition by pavement breakers.

+ In addition, it is a relatively large project, the information available during the preliminary engineering phase may not allow fmal decisions to be made on all specific mitigation measures, so it is appropriate to describe and commit to a mitigation plan that will be developed during final design. The objective of the plan should be to minimize construction noise using all reasonable (Le., cost vs. benefit) and feasible (Le., physically achievable) means available.

6.1.4. Impacts on surface water quality

i) The impact of run-off water

Source and impacts:

Runoff water flowing through the construction site will cause environmental impacts to surface water due to pulling of soils, waste, oils... down river basins and to the sea. The process of decomposition of these types of waste will pollute the water environment, is advantage environment to generate, distribute and develop types of diseases to humans and animals.


20

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 1,2,3,5 Phase 2

To assess the impact of rainwater overflowing on the area of construction to the surrounding environment, using methods of calculating hydraulic drainage system under method of limit intensity having formula (source: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, 2005) as follows:

Q = C*I* All 000

Where

• Q: Maximum runoff water volume (m3/day);

• C: Runoff coefficient, chose C=0,6

• I: Value of maximum rainfall (mmlday), chose maximum rainfall value in Nha Trang

is 150 mmlday occurring in construction time.

• A: area of catchment (m2).

Thus, volume of runoff water in rainy day occurring at 1000m2 construction site can be estimated as below:

Q (m3/day) = 0.60*0.I5m1day*1000m2 = 90 m3/day.

Runoff will be a major impact at construction sites ofWWTPs due to the large area should be cleared. If there is not any countermeasure applied, the risk of local flooding and the impacts caused by runoff water will harm not only to people's living condition but also the quality of surface water in the project area.


• Arrangement of the temporary drainage ditch systems within the construction area. This will be arranged by the Contractor so as to be suitable with area and scale of construction items;

• Arrangement of deposited holes before the water flows into river, the Contractor will pump the water into the river in case of discharge a large amounts of water;

• Design of the temporary drainage routes and drains, maintenance of good working conditions of the drains and installation of temporary pumps system to pump the water into discharge points;

ii) Wastewater from worker camp

Source and impacts:

For each component of construction, the number of construction workers involved is different and proportional to the workload required construction. Estimated total number of construction workers involved in the construction site every day is about 300 workers and amount of wastewater every day is about 24 m3/daY based on the standard water supply can estimate amount of wastewater generating per day of80 liters/day/person.

Concentration of pollutants in wastewater from worker camps will exceed the limited value of standard. So, it will pollute surface water if it is not treated before discharge.


21



• Well collection and treatment of wastewater, constructional and domestic solid waste caused in worker's camps.

• Discharge and disposal of domestic wastes from construction camps into water sources must be avoided.

• Install temporary toilets (or mobile toilet) at the camp where concentrate many workers, contract with local garbage collecting entities should be signed on periodically collection.

• All above measures will be strictly applied at the construction sites in urban areas

6.1.5. Impact of solid waste

i) Solid waste from activities of workers

Source, load and impacts:

Solid waste can be generated from worker activities in construction sites and camps. It does not contain toxicants but in case it is not collected and disposed, it will impact greatly on the environment and landscape. Especially, types of domestic solid waste will be pulled away by runoff water down drainage sewers. Thus. the impacts of solid waste on the environment, sanitation condition, health of the people are very clear. There should be regulations on environmental hygiene and education of awareness of environmental protection for workers living in temporary camps on site. Total volume of solid waste of project is 150 kg/day (300 workers multi with 0.5 kg/day.person)


• All domestic solid waste at constructions site and camps will be collected and storage in dustbin. Contract to Nha Trang URENCO to dispose in right landfill.

• Propaganda and education for construction workers in the shack/camp will get a good sense on hygiene environment and environmental protection and worker will not through the rubbish indiscriminately into the environment surrounding area of shack/camp.

ii) Construction solid waste

Source, volume and impacts:

Total volume of waste construction materials estimated about 1800 tons in whole project construction time, construction wastes including mass of soil, wood, the excess of iron, steel, wire strung .... It will impact to surface water quality and soil quality if lacking of collection and disposal measures.


• Due to not any contaminant in waste soil, concrete... they can be disposed to the landfill ofNha Trang City by a contract with URENCO.

• Iron, steel, plastic, paper can be collected separate and sell to recycling firm.


22


iii) Hazardous waste:

Source and impacts:

Hazardous wastes generating in construction phase include waste oil/lubricant from equipment maintenance; waste paint~ neon light, solvents... from WWTPs construction, upgrading sanitation of schools, solid waste transfer stations .... And, if there is not suitable collection and storage, hazardous waste will effect to water body and soil in construction areas.


This is to prevent waste oillhazardous waste spilling which possibly cause pollution and health problem for water body and community contacting directly or indirectly with spilt oil, the measures to be taken include:

• Vehicles, pumps and equipment with significant oil leakage must be moved out of construction sites by means of specializing means and the spillage positions should be treated immediately.

• Vehicles, pumps and equipment must not be repaired in construction sites. In opposite, they should be transported to repair zones.

• Oil and lubricant waste is not allowed to bury orland burn oil and lubricant waste in project site, but must be stored in proper oil-can, and collected and treated thanks to contract with local companies according to present regulation.

• Other hazardous waste must be collected and stored in separate bin, it should be treated thanks to contract with local companies according to present regulation.

6.1.6. Traffic congestion

Impacts:

During project construction period, construction of rainwater and wastewater drainage systems will harm to existing traffic system due to almost construction works will be placed in roadway and land of transportation corridor. The construction sites will have to build fence, constructing around the area and make the area traffic congestion. This will affect to ability to traffic circulation and volume of traffic participants. Narrow space will easily causes traffic congestion; particularly during peak congestion is unavoidable.

Especially, during the construction of sewer lines on roads that run through the public and sensitive structures such as markets, schools and hospitals. The road routes have the much possibility of traffic congestion during peak hours includes Nguyen Thi Minh Khai (the nursery school of Hong Bang, Nguyen Thien Thuat secondary school), Vo Thi Sau (VO Thi Sau Secondary School, Vinh Truong Primary School, Le Thanh Ton High School- Street, in which Vo Thi Sau Secondary school adjacent to Vinh Truong Primary School) Chau Phong road (Phuoc Hai elementary school), Tran Nhat Duat (phuoc Hoa 1 Primary School), Nguyen Trai (Au Co secondary school, Tran Hung Dao temple), 112 street (the road section at Van Thanh 1 Primary School, Ky Vien pagoda).


23



To eliminate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be considered to apply during construction phase, if possible:

• Make a suitable plan for project-related transportation and traffic activities (number and kind of equipment and vehicles, transport time, suitable route ... ).

• For construction of sewage, roll-up construction with tOO-200m length will be applied, i.e. only moving to another section after installation of culverts and restoration of surface of one section.

• Select equipment and vehicles suitable to status of project site and nearby area;

• Transport time is reasonable; do not happen in rush hours.

• For construction of WWTPs, choose alternative routes having smallest impacts on traffic system, avoid the route have high density of traffic flow and large population.

• Establishment of temporary passages and avoidance of moving in rush hours, if possible.

• Determination of temporary passages prior to construction and upgrading same when needed.

• Providing signposts, flash lights and traffic measures for traffic and work safety prior to digging roads.

• Restoration of road faces at the soonest. After completion, faces of roads and alleys and sidewalks should be cleaned to secure traffic safety.

• Designing roadmaps for transportation vehicles so as to avoid of traffic jams.

• Traffic congestion monitoring should be implemented at construction sites.

• Cooperation with local authorities for regulating traffic and reducing traffic jams in the places where fences for construction have been set up.

6.2. Negative impacts in operation phase

According to the project's components, in operation phase, negative impacts will be caused to operation of Components 2: Wastewater treatment plants and Component 3: Solid waste management focus on operation of transfer stations and leachate treatment plant of Luong Hoa Landfill. These impacts are presented as below:

6.2.1. Impacts on air quality due to bad odor and noise

Source and impacts:

The operation of WWTPs and landfill leachate treatment plant are designed to limit methane emission and dipper of bacterial in air so that the impact is small. The most remarkable things are noise, poisonous gases, odors arising from the wastewater tanks and biological treatment tanks. However, according to forecast the effects of noise, odors appear only in the treatment plant area, and can hardly be dispersed into the surrounding residential areas, due to have been controlled by technical measures and green band around plants. The built-in green fence


24


around the plant and landfill will absorb and reduce significantly emissions and odors arising from the treatment area.


• To limit noise from machinery should be operated as rated capacity;

• It is necessary to have test plans, regular monitoring of air content to assess and control the process of operation properly.

• Minimizing emissions and noise caused of the machinery and equipment operation by planting more trees in the treatment plant areas.

• Calculating the approximate amount of pollution load to have a plan to adjust the operating capacity at best;

• The transportation of waste (sludge in safe tanks, but definitely solid waste from garbage and solid waste of living) needs to use dedicated vehicles to reduce gas emissions and solid wastes into the environment.

• Making plans to control and maintain machinery regularly to ensure good capacity during operation.

• Plant trees in buffer zone ofWWTPs and leachate treatment plant to prevent the transport of bacteria into the air.

6.2.2. Impacts due to wastewater

i) Impact on water quality of Cai and Tac - Quan Truong Rivers

In the operation phase and for further future use, the water quality of Cai and Tac-Quan Truong rivers in Nha Trang city will be imprOVed due to the operation of WWTPs. However, water quality of Cai and Tac - Quan Truong Rivers can be impacted by 2 cases as below:

Case 1: Wastewater collection systems are completed before operation ofWWTP

In case of wastewater drainage systems and wastewater collection systems are completed, a large volume of wastewater will be collected and discharge these rivers without treatment due to treatment plants are not completely and put into operation.

This will lead to the temporary discharge of wastewater to the around environment through the outlets of the overall drainage system. Certainly the temporary discharge of wastewater not treated to the environment will increase the concentration of pollutants in the receiving power in the region, particularly in the dry season.

Case 2: Having WWTP and failure of operation of WWTP

In case having failure of operation of WWTP, a large volume of untreated wastewater must be discharge to the rivers at WWTP's outlets. The untreated wastewater with high concentration of pollutants will pollute the water body of Cai and Tac-Quan Truong rivers, especially at discharging sections.

To evaluate the level of pollution in Cai and Tac-Quan Truong rivers due to 2 above cases, Consultant use the MIKE 11 modeling to simulate increasing of pollutants concentration in water body of these rivers in three scenarios as below:


25


• Scenarios I - Without WWTP (Wastewater collection systems are completed before operation of WWTP): 25% of wastewater effluent collected from households will discharge to river by CSOs and pumping stations.

• Scenarios 2 - With WWTPs: Wastewater collected from households will be pumped to WWTP for treatment.

• Scenarios 3 - Failure ofWWTPs: Accident with operation ofWWTP

The results of modeling are presented in Table 7 and Table 8.

T bl 7 R It f d' t 'b f a e : esu so IS rI U Ion 0 po u an concen ra Ion lD al river flit t t f . C ..

Cross Distance from BOD (mgll) COD (mell) NH4 (11!g(l) section MC1 (m) Scen.1 Scen.2 Scen.3 Seen. 1 Scen.2 Scen.3 Seen. I Scen.2 Scen.3 MC1 0 32.2 21.69 57.2 76 43.24 101.1 1.25 0.71 2.4 MC2 325 35.32 21.46 63.3 77.2 42.49 104.7 1.38 0.7 2.46

660 36.54 20.65 65.32 78.9 42.04 102.1 1.38 0.68 2.51 MC3 (Outlet ofWWTP)

MC4 975 34.2 , 20.]7 63.1 74.3 36.34 96.8 1.30 0.67 2.42 MC5 1365 31.91 19.25 60.87 68 27.40 88.9 1.22 0.68 2.18 MC6 2397 28.98 17.31 59.87 61.4 26.47 77.2 1.14 0.64 1.87 MC7 3220 27.89 17.2] 56.98 60 25.93 70 1.14 0.64 1.73 MC8 3636 26.7 17.07 55.25 58 23.64 69.3 1.14 0.64 1.61 QCVN 08:20081BTNMT

25 50 1 (B2)

T able 8: Results of distribution of pollutant concentration in Tac - Quan Truong river Cross Distance from BOD (mgll) COD (mgll) NH4 (mgll) section MCI (m) Scen.1 Scen.2 Scen.3 Scen.1 Scen.2 Scen.3 Seen. 1 Scen.2 Scen.3

0 26.14 21.69 57.2 65.7 i 43.24 101.1 ' 1.92 0.71 2.4 MC1 (Outlet ofWWTP)

MC2 719 29.72 21.46 63.3 70.6 I 42.49 104.7 1.18 0.7 2.46 MC3 1462 30.3 20.65 65.32 74.9 42.04 102.1 1.2 0.68 2.51 MC4 2095 28.14 20.] 7 63.1 72 36.34 96.8 1.23 0.67 2.42 MC5 2554 26.53 19.25 60.87 64.5 27.4 88.9 1.18 0.68 2.18 MC6 2900 24.54 17.31 59.87 60.8 26.47 77.2 1.12 0.64 1.87 MC7 3514 22.13 17.21 56.98 56 25.93 70 1.03 0.64 1.73 MC8 4250 20.37 17.07 55.25 54.6 23.64 69.3 1.02 0.64 1.61 QCVN 08:20081BTNMT

25 50 1 (B2) I • Conclusion:

+ Reference on 2 above tables, it clears that the water of Cai and Tac - Quan Truong rivers will be polluted in case of scenario 1 and 3.

+ With scenario 3 the concentration of pollutants in Cai river can not meet the

limited values of standard in a distance of3000 m from the WWTP's outlet.

+ With Tac - Quan Truong river, concentration of pollutants in water body can not meet the standard values in a distance of 4250 m from the WWTP's outlet.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nba Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011

26

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2,3,5 - Phase 2

+ For scenario 1, concentration of pollutants in water body of rivers will be slightly higher than the standard values.

Proposed mitigation measures:

• For case 1:

+ To minimize load of pollutants discharge to the water body of rivers, the proposed measures is limiting the number of household connected to the project's tertiary system.

+ It's estimated that 5% of households in Tac - Quan Truong river basin can be allowed to connect to project's tertiary system.

+ For Cai river, due to the concentration of pollutants in water body, connection from household to project's tertiary system is not allowed.

• For case 2:

+ To monitor and ensure the stable operation of the works and treatment efficiency

+ To treat thoroughly the waste collected from the screens, domestic solid waste generated by operators, avoid long-time gather and prevent rainwater overflow affecting the surface water quality in surrounding areas.

+ Sludge from sand sedimentation tank has to be collected and dried before transporting to another place for treatment.

+ To strictly follow technical requirements for wastewater treatment systems and ensure that the treated wastewater meet these requirements

+ To make plans for monitoring the quality of surface water to have timely treatment method.

6.2.3. Impacts due to solid from WWTP and Luong Boa landfill leachate treatment plant

Source and impacts:

Solid waste extracted from the water flow by using crude screens and fine ones before being extracted again by fine screen (4mm) at the initial treatment area. These kinds of waste will be taken to container and treated.

The sludge settling tanks will collect the abundant amount of sludge from the biological treatment basin and sludge from clarifier, digestion tank. Water in the sludge will be separated by the pulp concentrator before being taken to sludge container and transported into disposal.

As wastewater and sludge mainly consist of organic components, the decomposition will cause uncomfortable tastes.

For WWTP, the amount of sludge is rather high of 400m3/day and 1,133m3/day from North and South WWTPs, respectively. The amount of dried sludge is 8,200 kg/day This is a huge amount of sludge with lots of organic substances in the process of decomposing; if there are no appropriate treatment methods, it will affect the environment.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 20 I I

27

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1, 2,3, 5 - Phase 2


• Domestic solid waste generated from pumping stations, WWTP, Landfill management house will be collected and treated in accordance with existing regulars.

• Sludge, solid waste generated from wastewater treatment process, landfill leachate treatment plant and from septic tanks of school's toilet, have to be collected and treated in accordance with the proposed treatment process and existing regulars. No storage shed and sensitive land in the project areas, especially needing to be isolated from the machine operators' building.

• To have regular plans for maintenance of facilities and machinery that operates periodically operation to control their operating and responding status during operation. Limiting the leakage of fuel into the soil environment;

• During storage and transportation of sludge, it requires dedicated devices to limit the types of insect and pathogen to develop and spread diseases and epidemics.


28

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. Mitigation Measures Plan

The phase 2 ofNha Trang sub-project is divided into 4 separate components, each component will have a separate investment items and difference contractor. So, mitigation measures plan will be prepared in separate for each component.

The PMU, with assistance from environment and TA consultants, makes sure that mitigation measures are included in the bidding documents.

Mitigation measures are to be implemented by the contractors as obligations of their contracts, which will be supervised by the Construction Management Consultant (CMC). Environmental consultant, assisting the PMU, provides environmental training and advice to CMC, as well as local communities in supervising the implementation of the mitigation measures.

The detail plans for mitigation measures for each component are presented in the Annex 1, 2, 3 & 4 of summary report.

7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program

Environmental monitoring (EM) is one of instruments in environmental management work. EM helps to control waste sources polluting environment, adjust construction carrying plans and apply measures to reduce impacts on environment in building operations.

EM program also aims at timely discovering bad impacts on environment, environmental problems that may happen and proposing measures to prevent and reduce negative impacts.

Detail Environmental Monitoring Program is shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Environmental Monitoring Programe of Nha Trang Subproject - phase 2

Monitoring works Parameters to Frequency Location monitor

I. MONITORING PROGRAME FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Environmental All mitigation Every month

checklist sheets and measures at Noise and vibration construction site monitoring Noise & vibration

2. Ambient air Micro climate Every 6 months. monitoring TSP, N02, S02, (3 times in total

CO during construction duration)

3. Surface water Temperature, pH, Every 6 months. monitoring ms, SS, DO, (3 times in total

COD, BODs, T-N, during construction T-P, sol & duration) ,coliforms

4. Wastewater lpH, BOD, SS N- Every 3 months. monitoring N03, N-N:H4, P04,: (6 times in total


At all construction site.

21 sampling points in total

12 sampling points

10 sampling points

Applied standard

Specific technical document, EMP. QCVN 26:2010 for Noise & QCVN 27:2010 for vibration QCVN 05:20081 BTNMT for ambient quality.

QCVN 08:20081BTNMT (level B2)

QCVN 14:20081BTNMT

29

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1,2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

T-Coliforms during construction I duration) I

5. Sediment Cr6+, Pb, Zn, Fe, Every 6 months. monitoring AI,Mn (3 times in total

during construction I duration)

,

5 sampling points QCVN 03:20081BlNMT

I n. OPERATION PHASE 2.1. Environmental monitoring in operation phase for Component 1: Implement for first 3 operation Iyears (i) Ambient air Micro climate Every 6 months. 6 sampling points TCVN 5948-1998 for

monitoring and TSP, N02, S02, (3 years after in total noise noise/vibration CO operation time) QCVN monitoring Noise & vibration 05 :20081BlNMT for

ambient quality. TCVN 6269: 2002 for vibration

W Surface water Temperature, pH, Every 6 months. 3 sampling points QCVN

I

monitoring TDS, SS, DO, (3 years after 08:20081BlNMT COD, BODs, T -N, operation time) (level B2) T-P, SO/- & Coliforms

(iii) Wastewater pH, BOD, SS N- Every 3 months. 02 outlets at Cai QCVN monitoring N03, N-NH4, P04, (Will be stopped river 14:20081BlNMT

T -Coliforms whenWWTPgo 02 outlets at Quan into operation) Truonl?; River

(iv) Sediment Cr6+, Pb, Zn, Fe, I Every 6 months. 02 samples at 2 big QCVN monitoring AI,Mn (3 years after pumping station .03 :20081BlNMT

• operation time) I I (v) Noise and Noise and vibration Every 6 months. 02 measurements TCVN 6269: 2002

vibration (3 years after at 02 big pumping for vibration monitoring applied operation time) station for pumping station

2.2. Environmental monitoring in operation phase for Component 2: Implement for annual in operational phase (i) Ambient air Micro climate Every 6 months. 5 sampling points QCVN 26:20 I 0 for

monitoring and TSP, NOl , S02, for each WWTP Noise noise/vibration CO, QCVN 26:2010 for monitoring Noise & Vibration Vibration

QCVN 05 :2008 for ambient air quality.

(ii) Wastewater pH, BODs, TSS, Every month. 2 sampling points QCVN monitoring TDS, S2-_ H2S, for each WWTP 14:20081BlNMT

NH4+-N, N03-·N, PO/--p, Coliforms .

(iii) Sludge monitoring As, Cd, Crb+, Pb, Every 3 months. 1 sampling points QCVN Zn, Co, N i, Hg for each WWTP 07:20091BlNMT

2.3. Environmental monitoring in operation phase for Component 3: Implement for annual in operational phase (i) Environmental Continue environmental monitoring program of Phase 1.

monitoring at LuongHoa

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nba Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011

30

I

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project- Component 1, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

Landfill (ii) Air quality at 3 Micro climate Every six months.

solid waste TSP, N02, S02, transfer station CO, Noise &

Vibration

At three transfer points (Dam

Market, Vinh Hai Market, Vinh Truong Ward)

7.3. Organization of Environmental Management And Responsibility

QCVN 26:2010 for noise QCVN 05:2008 for ambient quality. QCVN 26:2010 for vibration.

The Project Management Unit (PMU) will carry out and manage the project according to the regulations of the Government such as bidding process, control of time schedules, financial issues and quality control. The PMU will include a director, deputy directors, chief accountant, specialist of planning, construction, finance, law and environment, and administrative staff sufficient to carryout its obligations under the Project.

With the aim of a safe environment during project implementation, environmental management plans for "Nha Trang city Environmental Sanitation Sub-project" will be built and implemented by the Investors and the winning unit in all phases of the project, including: from taking investment projects in construction, construction to operation and maintenance of the items invested in the components of the project. This program requires the participation and coordination of all departments and units related.

The PMU has the responsibility for the implementation of the EMP. A summary of the responsibilities of these parties and the reporting arrangements among them are presented in Figure 4.

~------------------------------_ ... __ .. ; ,

Engineer Monitoring

I Contractor

t I----lio! Weekly report

t Construction

site daily audit

,

__ ,~ f

INTERNAL SUPERVISION

Information from Local Government

Site survey checklist

Information from hotline

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Figure 4: Flowchart of EMP implementation reporting

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 20 II

31

I


Table 10: Institutional Responsibilities

No. Community/agencies

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

Khanh Hoa Province PC

Khanh Hoa DoNRE

PMU

Construction Management Consultant (CMC)

Contractors

Environmental Consultant

PC of Wards

Social Organizations and Associations at the ward level

Responsibilities Khanh Hoa Province PC shall manage administrative bodies of districts, the Department of Resources and Environment (DORE), and the PMU Khanh Hoa DoNRE represents the MoNRE for environmental management. It shall be responsible for monitoring the project and responsible for any infringement upon environmental management and protection policies of Vietnam. This state body will also have an important role to play in assessment of any change in designs that may cause environmental impacts. PMU shall be responsible for any recommendation for upgrading in the project so as to protect and maintain the environment. PMU shall be charged of management of environmental impacts and monitoring of the project in the construction phase. PMU shall also foster and coordinate countermeasures to be taken in the construction phase Those engineers shall bear the mam responsibility for monitoring the quality of works that are accomplished by contractors. They shall make key decisions on allocation of works, including assessment on the compliance of environmental protection regulations given m contracts,

i decisions on suspension of construction, on refusal of payment in case of breach of environmental protection clauses of contracts (methods, conditions, technical specifications, etc.). Contractors shall take countermeasures for environmental protection in the environmental management programs, including the measures to inhibit bad impacts on sensitive objects as obligation of their contracts. Assist PMU in EMP implementation by: Carrying out monitoring of overall environmental changes caused by the project activities Developing and training on site environmental management plan (SEMP) for CMC, and Community-based monitoring (CEMP) Assist PMU in compensation for losses & site clearance Assist PMU in relationship with communities Assure security for site Be in charge of supervision of project implementation Assist Community Representative Group Supervise environmental monitoring Play a role as a bridge between the PC of Wards and communities Mobilize communities participating in the Project Assist communities in training skills in order to participate effectively in the Project

32 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 2011


7.4. Training program

The demand for training for described activities should be determined, Improving ability of environmental management program implementation should be incorporated with the development of mechanism - a bigger part in the project. The PMU (or other joint ventures) are recommended partaking training activities when required and suitable.

• PMU: the officers in charge of environmental matters shall be trained for environmental monitoring and reporting. Training program to improve PMU staff on environmental management have been carried out in Component 6.

• Subcontractors shall be trained how to monitor (noise and dust), to take countermeasures and to fill in monitoring reports. The contents of Environmental Training Program for Constructor are presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Environmental Training Programe for Constructor

Items Contents Course Implementation of mitigation measures Participants Representatives of main contractors in charge of the reporting to

PMU Frequency of training Once in the beginning of the assignment of each contractor,

updating according to the needs, Duration and type Half day lecture to the main contractors, submission of the

examples of monthly monitoring reports Content • Briefing of overall environmental monitoring

• Monitoring duties of the contractor according to the contract documents

• Monthly mitigation monitoring reports: content, what and how to monitor, how to fill the reports, submission of the reports, responsibilities

• Environmental part of the quarterly reports: implementation of mitigation measures, identified problems and solving of the problems

Responsibility PMU, Supervision En~ineer, Consultant

7.5. Cost Estimated For Environmental Management Program And Monitoring

1. Estimated cost for environmental monitoring program is presented in Table 12.

2. Estimated Costs for EMP Implementation is presented in Table 13.

Table 12: Estimated cost for environmental monitoring program

Number of Total of Unit price Cost Monitoring contents Frequency sampling

sites samples (USD) (USD)

I. CONSTRUCTION PHASE: 30 MONTHS Frequency every month monitoring: maximum 30 monitoring occasions during construction period Frequency every 6 months monitoring: maximum 5 monitoring occasions during construction period Frequency every 3 months monitoring: maximum 10 monitoring occasions during construction period


33

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component L 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

Random monitoring carried out by Khanh Hoa DoNRE Official monitorinf{ when people complain.

.1. Cbecklist /auditing and Noise monitoring at construction sites: Component 1: 30 times per 10 Component 2: 30 months 6

2. Air quality monitoring Component!: 5tim"in~ 15 comp~es in *2WWTP Compo 02 times in total 3

! 3. Surface water quality monitoring Component I: 5 times in total 10 Component 2: 10 times in total 2*2WWTP

Wastewater monitorine 10 times in '~!::.! 10 Component I: 10

Soil/sludge monitoring 5 times in total 5 Component I: 5

II. OPERATION PHASE (per year Number of

Monitoring contents Frequeucy sampling site

1. Ambient air monitoring and noise/vibration monitoring Component 1: 2 times/year 6 Component 2: 2 times/year 5x2WWTP Component 3: 2 times/year 3

2. Surface water monitoring Component 1: 2 times/year 3

3. Wastewater monitoring Component 1: 4 times/year 4 Component 2: 12 times/year 2x2WWTP

4. Sediment monitoring Component 1: 2 times/year 2

I Component 2: 4 times/year 1 5. Noise and vibration monitoring for Component 1 2 times/year 2

I (Pumping stations) Total:

Table 13: Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation

Description

I. Cost for construction phase : 1. Mitigation measures in construction phase

2. Environmental Training for constructors - Component 1: - Component 2:

14,400 300 30 9,000 180 30 5,400

7,050 75 50 3,750. 60 50 3,000 6 50 300

4,500 50 50 2,500 40 50 2,0001

100 50 5,000 100 50 5,000

25 200 5,000 25 200 5,000

Total: 35,950

Total of Unit price Cost Samples (USD) (USD)

2,280 12 60 720 20 60 1,200 6 60 360

240 6 40 240

3,200: 16 50 800! 48 50 2,400

1,600 4 200 800 4 200 800

4 20 80

7,400

Proposed Budget (USD)

Costs included in construction contracts •

5,300 : 3,000 2,300

3. Monitoring program in construction phase (For 30 months) 35,950 - Component 1: - Component 2:


25,250 10,400

34


- Component 3: 4. Environmental consultant fee

- Component 1: - Component 2:

Total (1+2+3+4): II. Cost for post construction phase (First operational year) 1. Monitorin2 pr02ram for first operational years

- Component 1: - Component 2: - Component 3:

2. Environmental consultant fee - Component 1: - Component 2:

Total (1+2):

300 10,000 5,000 5,000

51,250 I

7,400 . 2,640 I 4,400 !

360 . 5,000 2,500 2,500

12,480

Note: Budget for EMP in Construction phase and first year of operational phase are under loan budget.


35

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component I, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

The World Bank's Operational Policy (OP 4.01) on Enviromnental Impact Assessment requires that affected groups and local NGOs to be infonned and consulted as a part of the EIA preparation during at least two stages of the EIA-process: shortly after the EA category has been assigned and after the updated EIA-report has been prepared. Proper consultation is a requirement for EIA category A projects.

Participation is enabled during project preparation under certain conditions and is generally recommended as part of implementation. Projects that require involuntary resettlement (OP 4.30), consultation on social issues should be included.

8.1. Public Consultation Implement

In accordance with the criterion of the Sponsor on social safety and enviromnent policy and characteristics of the project, public consultations were carried out with the people who are representatives for beneficiaries of the project at quarters of project wards, communes. Two rounds of public consultations were implemented as below:

• First round public consultation: The first round of public consultation was combined with socio-economic surveys which were carried out from October OSth 2009 to October 17th 2009 and sampling were taken from 300 households in 17 wards and communes in project area.

• Second round public consultation: Second round of public consultation was organized at PCs or Cultural Centres of wards and communes with the participation of chainnanlvice chainnen of PCs, staffs of PCs of wards, communes, police, women's union, Youth union, leaders/deputy leaders, representatives of beneficiaries of the project... These community consultations were carried out from May 31 st 2010 to June 3rd 201 O. The number of participants in these public consultations was 441 members and varied from 15 persons (Phuoc Hai ward) to 41 persons (Van Thang ward).

8.2. Results of Public consultation

Through two rounds of public consultation, besides supportive comments from households, people also gave a lot of comments and demands for the project implementation. These comments are summarized as follows:

• The local community agree to be affected by the project but the Contractor is requested to construct properly and avoid delays and clearly ensure responsibilities and tasks of relevant parties and ensure the quality of the works;

• The project is directed and approved to carry out quickly and avoid delays of the project which avoid the trusts of the govermnent;

• Carrying out the implementation at the priority areas, especfally at polluted areas, flooding area, area with heavy traffic flow... such as Von Ma area, intersection, Nguyen Trai street, Tran Phu, Vo Thi Sau, TB6 pumping station (where construction in phase I was completed but water is stagnant and cause bad smells), Son Thuy hamlet...


36

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub~project- Component 1, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

• For pipeline on soft soil foundation (Le Hong Phong Hamlet, Phong Chau, Road No. 4, Road No.1, Cai River channeL.), it is required to carry out partiCUlar topographical surveys to avoid difficulties, risks for construction period;

• Carrying out quality testing for each completed sections and only quality testing gives good result, next construction phase can be started and taking over the quantity as well as making payments for the contractor, avoid damages and redoing;

• In order to reduce impacts on domestic activities of the community, project components must be carried out quickly, and completing each section before moving to next section, avoiding massive construction;

• Listening to feedbacks from the community to carry out suitable modifications for preparing reports. Comments from the community must be sent to PMU ofNha Trang City Environmental Sanitation Improvement Project, sending feedbacks, comments to local ward or PCs of wards, communes;

• Requesting the Client to strictly conform to commitments on reducing negative impacts resulted from the project implementation as well as environmental quality management and monitoring;

• Requesting for measures and regulations on penalty or even unilaterally terminating the contract with the Contractor, especially environmental monitoring organizations which fails to conform sufficiently and timely proposed environmental protection measures.

8.3. Public Disclosure

• The draft ofEIA report for Component No.1 - Phase 2 was disclosed at 17 wards PCs of project area to get comments from PC and Father Front Committee of project's wards.

• The English version of EIA report for Component No.1 - Phase 2 will be disclosed at WB's office in VIDIC and in Washington DC. -

• The Vietnamese version of EIA report will be disclosed at PMU, Khanh Hoa DONRE and related Wards.


37


IX. CONCLUSION

1. "Nha Trang City Environmental Sanitation" subproject is assessed to be a significant one for improving environmental sanitation condition that will take part in developing infrastructure of the City toward a City of civilization and modem. This is particularly significant with Nha Trang City because it is a city of tourism, so that environmental sanitation matters are always placed on the top of interesting to attract tourists visit to Nha Trang. General speaking, impacts of the project are positive and long-term.

2. With project investment items of phase 2, there are many drainage routes, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants that will encroachment residential area, so, it is necessary to carry out compensation and land clearance. However, land clearance work will be quickly implemented if having good combination among management agencies, the local government, local inhabitant and project management unit, especially adequate and reasonable compensation policies for impacted inhabitant.

3. Impacts in land clearance and construction phase include: • Emission gas, smoke, dust and noise from mechanical means of transport and

construction equipment; road and sewage system constructing, rain water and sewage sewer installation.

• Domestic wastewater of households and construction workers at temporary camp. • Wastewater from construction activities. • Construction solid waste, waste soil and sludge and hazardous waste ...

These impacts are full identified and assessed in the report. They can be mitigated if carrying out countermeasures that were presented in chapter IV of the report. 4. When phase 2 of the project is on stream, environmental impacts are mainly positive ones

taking part in improving environmental sanitation condition in project area. For using works safely and firmly with high economic efficiency, it is necessary to have detailed regulations, in particular, fully apply measures to reduce above mentioned negative impacts and make out educational propaganda program to improve the inhabitant's awareness of works and environment protection.

5. In case Com. I of the project completing and households wastewater discharge to project sewers before the WWTP complete, wastewater will be temporarily discharged into receiving sources that are Tac river - Quan Truong river system, Cai river system and partly into the sea. So this temporary discharge will increase risk of polluting environment due to untreated wastewater. Results of computation for dispersion of pollutants indicate that in case of discharging wastewater into these river systems without treating, the concentration of some of pollutants in the river will exceed permitted value of QCVN 08:20081BTNMT level B2. To avoid risk of environmental pollution due to discharging wastewater into the environment without WWTP, just 5% of households in Tac - Quan Truong River can connect to tertiary sewers of project and for Cai River basin, not any household is allowed to connect.

6. With complying with the law on environment, proposals of reducing environmental pollutions are mentioned in the report, when work items of the project is on stream, they will bring about positive efficiency in economics, society and environment.


38

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component I, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

Figure 5: Location map of environmental monitoring points for construction phase and for operation phase of Component 1.

LOCATION MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SAMPLING POINTS NHA TRANG SUB-PROJECT - PHASE 2


- - - COMBIE SEVttERS .......... 1

- -- WJ\STEWA~ 3IEW£R5 fil"'HASlE t

--- PRE8..fiE EWEMtNfIiHASE t

--- P'AE$I.Il6"RSlNPHAIIE2

-- COM8NsewERSINJrtotA!i&'Z

-~,--~~ CtINrItEl TO~

........... ""'" ~ AAl,.WA.Y

n: SE'M!R PASS ROAD

(;I WAS11!WA,... .......... srA.,.,..

COlII8rE"A~OWS

SAMPLING LOCATIONS: o ISU'Y"""_""'"-""I'MI I!l .. _ .......... ,

... __ Em AJR aJ.tLITV ('n)

--....

39


Figure 6: Location map of environmental monitoring sampling points for construction phase of Component 2.

sa £)6 GIAM SAT MOl TRIJCNG TRONG GIAI £)O~ xAv DI,1NG DIAGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAl MONITORING FOR COMPONENT 2 - CONSTRUCTION PHASE


40


Figure 7: Location map of environmental monitoring sampling points for operation phase of Component 2

so £)6 GIAM SAT MOl TRUONG TRONG GIAI £)O~ v.;N HANH DIAGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FOR COMPONENT 2 - OPERATION PHASE


MONITORING LOCATlONS:

!3 ~QIWlTYIIl

... _MlQUoWIYIIIIII

o -""'TERQIWlTY,..

41


Figure 8: Location map of environmental monitoring sampling points for operation phase of Component 3.


42

I

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component I, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

Annex 1: Mitigation measures plan for Component 1 Pollution! Pollution Sources Mitigation measu res Impacts

I. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1.1. Eco-Social Encroachment on Changing land use purposes

impacts residential and compensation agricultural land

Execution

and Compensation and Resettlement Committee of

Supervision

Nha Trang city! PC of Land Fund Province development

Khanh hoa

1.2

2.1. Dust Pollution and Air

Pollution

Set-up communication hot-line (identifY institutional responsibilities for public relations)

Centre. PMU

PMU

II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Demolition and site clearance,

Trucks, transportation, others activities

General mitigation measures: Contractor + Construction plan will be well- Subcontractors

designed and well-organized + All construction works/activities

will be monitored; the suitable adjustment will be proposed and applied when necessary.

Specific mitigation measures for each construction work/activity: + Mitigating construction

equipment exhaust emissions: - All construction machines and

vehicles must meet the standard on emissions (TCVN 6438:2001) and all industrial machines must satisfY the same standards applicable to equipment (QCVN 19:2009IBTNMT)

- Construction equipment with low emissions will be qualified to be used in construction

- Sticking logos the logo of the project on all vehicles that serve the project and enforcing them to abide by all traffic rules. A void traffic over stockpiles.

- Regular maintenance of equipment must be carried out following approved construction plan.

+ Mitigating fugitive dust: The following specific mitigation measures will be applied for each emission sources/activities: - Debris handling, Cut/fill material

handling, Cut/fill haulage: Apply wind speed reduction (use wind fences if prevailing winds generate dust), wet suppression.

- Truck transport: • Water all haul road twice daily

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, March 20 II

-PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - Khanh Hoa DoNRE when necessary

43


Pollutionl Impacts

2.2. Noise Pollution

2.3. Odor generation and

occupation hygiene

Pollution Sources

Demolition and site clearance,

trucks, construction

machinery, others - activities

Demolition and site clearance Waste water Solid waste

Mitigation measures

(control efficiency: 37%). • Washing all vehicles (if

possible) before their leaving construction sites, sludge transfer station, sludge disposal site.

- Bulldozers, Pan scrapers: Wet suppression of travel routes. • For building big culverts,

setting up movable iron sheet walls (for roHup construction) of at least 2.5 m height to avoid of dust emission.

+ Operating noisy machines in daytime. Night-time shift should have appropriate permit and inform local communities in advance

+ Publishing and registering working time of construction machines with local authorities and strictly compliance therewith.

+ Employing only equipment and vehicles that meet the Vietnamese standards TCVN 5949:1998 on noise production and TCVN 6962:200 I on vibration.

+ Work sites should be cleared of residual solid wastes and wastewater before works are undertaken.

+ Wastewater should be rerouted or pumped to nearby drains whenever necessary.

+ Sensitive areas should be kept clean of liquid and solid wastes created by the project.

+ During construction phase, install temporary toilets (mobile toilet) at the construction sites, contract with local garbage collecting entities

2.4. Waste from should be signed on periodicaUy worker camps or Workers activities collection.

sites + Not bury, bum domestic solid waste

2.5. Waste oil and hazardous

waste

Maintenance process

Construction activities

in the project site. + Domestic solid wastes will be

collected, transported into the city waste collecting sites.

+ Vehicles, pumps and equipment with significant oil leakage must be moved out of construction sites by means of specializing means and the spillage positions should be treated immediately.

+ Vehicles, pumps and equipment must not be repaired in construction sites.

+ Oil and lubricant waste is not


Execution Supervision

Contractor Subcontractors - PMU

Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision.

Contractor

- Khanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain

Subcontractors - PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision.

Contractor



Contractor


Subcontractors - PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - Khanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain

44

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 1, 2, 3, 5 - Phase 2

Pollution/ Impacts

Pollution Sources

2 6 P II t ' d Demolishment , , 0 u Ion ue . t I'd t waste, construction o so I was e

2.7. Traffic congestion

2.8. Damage to local roads

waste

Demolition and site clearance, trucks, vehicle,

construction machinery, others

activities

Vehicle Digging

Mitigation measures

allowed to bury or/and bum oil and lubricant waste in project site,

+ Waste oil, hazardous waste must be collected and stored in separate bin, treated measures must be thank to present regulation by a contract with local companies according

+ Those produced by construction activities, for instance scrap iron, cement packaging, used formworks, etc are considered construction wastes, They will be properly collected, classified and gathered in specific location in project site. Recyclable waste such as paper wrapping, plastic, iron waste will be sold to scrap dealer. Un-recyclable waste will be collected and treated by a reputable waste collector companies.

+ The disposal site, route for transport of these wastes, facilities must be planned specifically

+ Co-ordination of construction works in local areas to facilitate traffic and minimize disturbance.

+ Temporary access roads should be identified before construction begins and upgraded if necessary.

+ All roads and access sites must be restored to their original state as soon as possible.

+ Speed limits for the construction vehiCles should be 5-10 kmlhr on construction site and 30 kmlhour

+ The travel route for construction vehicles should be designed to avoid areas of congestion.

+ Separate traffic lanes should be designated for cars/trucks and motorcycleslbicycles,

+ If project works occur after dark, a lighting system should be maintained such that vehicles and pedestrians can clearly see the construction area.

+ Traffic wedges/islands should be installed to allocate reasonable! traffic flow in rush hours;

+ One-way flow of traffic should bel promoted whenever practical.

+ Project should supply traffic to coordinate traffic flow in areas that are subject to congestion.

+ Before construction, the pre-project state of site access roads should be



Contractor Subcontractors - PMU

Construction management Consultant (CMC) -Community supervision. - Kbanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain

Contractor - PMU Subcontractors Construction

management Consultant (CMC) -Community supervision, - Kbanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain

Contractor -- PMU Subcontractors Construction

45


Pollution! Impacts

2.9. Electricity management

2.10. Labor accidents and occupational

health for construction

workers

2.11. Traffic accident

2.12. Fire and explosion

3.1. Emission gas, noise and

vibration

Pollution Sources

Excavation

All activities

Mitigation measures

recorded by the project + During construction, site local roads

should be inspected weekly and reparrs made as required during construction.

+ Only approved electrical cables and other pieces of electrical hardware will be used on the project site

+ Only qualified persons should install and maintain electrical systems used at the project site. These people will be clearly identified by their clothinglhard hat.

+ Constructors should provide workers equipment for noise, vibration and dust controls. This equipment should be available to all workers and still in good condition.

Activities of + Equip occupational safety clothes construction

workers, construction

activities

for worker + Plan and apply the settling program

when occupational accident happens.

+ All electrical means and cables should meet safety standards and be checked regularly to avoid of electricity-related accidents (to workers and people).

+ All construction machines and vehicles should abide by the regulatory speed of 5-1 Okm per hour in the sites under construction.

Transportation activities + All digging and installing work

items that are not accomplished should be isolated and wamed of by signposts and flash lamps in nighttime.

+ All fuel-using means should be strictly managed. Storage of fuel at construction sites should be

Construction prohibited so as to avoid of fire. activities and + The fire prevention and warning

others system will be installed in needed locations in construction site

+ At each large construction site, medical first aid station should be setup.

III. OPERATION PHASE

Transportation for drainage system

maintenance

+ Using means of transportation, machines which meet standards on noise and vibration when transporting waste mud ...

+ Maintaining these means of transportation and machines


Execution

Contractor

Supervision

management Consultant (CMC) -Community supervision. • Khanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain

Subcontractors - PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - Khanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain


Contractor

management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - Khanh Hoa DoNRE when people complain


Contractor


Subcontractors - PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) -Community supervision.

Urban Environment

Company;


Department of Natural Resources and

EnvrronmentofKhanh Hoa province

46

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City SUb-project Component \,2,3,5 Phase 2

Pollution! Pollution Sources Impacts

Mitigation measures

regularly in accordance with design standards

+ Treating mud in accordance with

Execution

Urban regulations

+ Controlling operation of wastewater pumping stations

Environment Company;

3.2. Bad ordour

3.4. Impacts on water

envrronment and landscape

3.5. Labour accidents

Mud from pumping stations, + Preparing the plan on

manholes countermeasures in case of out of solid waste from pumping stations,

manholes

power, breaking wastewater culverts, wastewater overflowing to the environment

+ Dredging regularly drainage system and manholes to avoid mud to cause! toxic gas and bad smell.

Problems of power + Providing suitable equipment I Management cut, pumping + Having back up of power source bYIOperation

station temporary a generator. I organization terminate, wastewater

overflow on the road

and

+ Providing suitable safety equipment, Management and tools and clothing as well as Operation applying labour safety methods; organization

+ Checking health every 06 months

tProl bblems reJatyting

f for staffs and workers in charge of

o a our sale 0 . k t . operatmg the system

wo erst at. pumpmg + Training on labour safety, fire s a Ions figh . d fi . C I tmg an tre prevention lor

staffs and workers in charge of operating drainage and wastewater collection system (I year/time)


Supervision

Department of Natural Resources and

EnvrronmentofKhanh Hoa province

47

I


Annex 2: Mitigation measures plan for Component 2 Pollution! Pollution Sources Mitigation measures Impacts

I. SITE CLEARANCE PHASE


1. 1. Agricultural Encroachment on land acquisition residential and

Changing land use purposes and Compensation and compensation Resettlement

• agricultural land

ll. CONSTRUCTION PHASE 2.1. Dust Pollution

2.2. Noise Pollution

Potential dust pollutions occur: (1) in loading/unloading material point; (2) in the windy periods at construction site; and (3) overloading trucks. Leveling the construction site; Constructing works; installing equipment

2.3. Waste from Workers activities worker camps or sites

- Water places of containing materials.

- Wash all vehicles (if possible) before their leaving construction sites.

- Cover body-shell of trucks. - Regularly carry our aIr

environmental monitoring.

- Operate noisy machines in daytime; avoid concentration of noise machines; reduce and working shift and replace the labor suffering high noisy effects.

- Employ only equipment and vehicles that meet the Vietnamese standards TCVN 5949: 1998 on noise production and TCVN 6962:2001 on vibration.

- Maintain machines regularly.

- Regularly carry our noise monitoring.

- During construction phase, install temporary toilets (mobile or fixed toilets) at the construction sites, contract with local garbage collecting entities to treat domestic solid waste.

- Not bury, bum domestic solid waste in the project site.

- Raise the workers' I awareness for waste

I

management. - Monitoring waster regularly


Committee of Nha PC of Khanh Hoa Trang cityl Land P . rovmce Fund development Centre. PMU

Contractor Subcontractors



IEMC

- PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - KhanhHoa DoNREwhen necessary

-PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. -Khanh Hoa DoNREwhen people complain

-PMU Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. -Khanh Hoa DoNREwhen people complain

48

I

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 1, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

2.4 .Hazardous waste

Maintenance process Construction activities

2.5. Safety and Activities of health construction

workers, construction activities

- Vehicles, pumps and equipment with significant oil leakage must be moved out of construction sites by means of specializing means and the spillage positions should be treated immediately.

- Vehicles, pumps and equipment must not be repaired in construction sites.

- Oil and lubricant waste is not allowed to bury orland burn oil and lubricant waste in project site,

- Waste oil, hazardous waste must be collected and stored in separate bin, contract with hazardous waste treatment establishment to solve the waste.

- Constructors should provide workers equipment for noise, vibration and dust controls. This equipment should be available to all workers and still in good condition.

- Equip occupational safety clothes for worker

- Plan and apply the settling program when occupational accident happens.

- All electrical means and cables should meet safety standards and be checked regularly to avoid of electricity-related accidents (to workers and people).

- Contract with local medical stations for treat the emergency cases.


Contractor Subcontractors -PMU

Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. - KhanhHoa DoNREwhen people complain

Contractor • PMU Subcontractors Construction

I

management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. -KhanhHoa DoNREwhen people complain

49


2.6. Traffic Transportation - All construction machines accident activities and vehicles should abide by

the regulatory speed of 5-lOkm per hour in the sites under construction.

- All digging and installing work items that are not accomplished should be isolated and warned of by signposts and flash lamps in nigh time.

2.7. Fire and Construction - All fuel-using means should explosion activities be strictly managed. Storage

of fuel at construction sites should be prohibited so as to avoid of fire.

- The fire prevention and warning system will be installed in needed locations in construction site

ill. OPERATION PHASE 3.1. Wastewater, Wastewater leaks - Using means of noise and sludge from the pile and transportation, machines

tanks; machines; which meet standards on and sludge from noise and vibration when treatment transporting sludge, etc. components. - Maintaining regularly

systems in accordance with design standards

- Preparing Vietnamese operation guideline and safety regulation for operators.

3.2. Potential Failure of - Providing suitable impacts on WWTP's equipment water components - Having back up of power environment and source by a generator. landscape - Monitoring the treated water

in outlet periodically


Contractor Subcontractors -PMU

Construction management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. -KhanhHoa DoNREwhen people complain

Contractor -PMU Subcontractors Construction

management Consultant (CMC) - Community supervision. -Khanh Hoa DoNREwhen people complain

Water Supply and Department of Drainage Natural Resources

Company (WSDC) and Environment of KhanhHoa

province

WSDC -

50


3.3. Labor accidents

Problems relating to labor safety of workers at pumping stations

- Providing suitable safety equipment, tools and clothing as well as applying labor safety methods;

- Checking health every 06 months for staffs and workers in charge of operating the system

- Training on labor safety, fire fighting and fire prevention for staffs and workers in charge of operating drainage and wastewater coHection system (1 year/time)


WSDC

51

ElA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component 1, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

Annex 3: Mitigation measures plan for Component 3

r Pollution! Pollution Mitigation measures Impacts Sources

I. PREPARATION PHASE

Land Using available No land and no resettlement are i acquisition public land required

II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

- Dust, noise In Luong Hoa - Apply mitigation mentioned pollution, Landfill EIA report of Component 3, waste from Phase L labor camps;

- Health Safety and traffic control

III. OPERATION PHASE

3.1. Luong Hoa - Leachate - Apply all mitigation measures Landfill - Methane, odor in the operation phase of

- Insect Luong Hoa landfill had been mentioned in the EIA report in Phase I.

- Supervise and maintain regularly transport pipeline of leachate to avoid leakage of leachate that can pollute the environment.

3.2. Collection Odor, insect if - Replace and transport to and transfer keeping a long landfill daily, avoid keeping points time more than three days.

- Improve the awareness of people on solid waste management.

3.3. Transport Traffic accident - Driver must comply with the of solid waste and pollution provisions of safe driving,

avoid alcohol and high speed.

- Maintain vehicles regularly to ensure the discharge standards and environment.



- -


management Consultant (CMC)

- Community supervision.

- Khanh Hoa DoNREwhen necessary

Nha Trang Urban DoNRE environment

Company (URENCO)

URENCO and all DoNRE communities

URENCO DoNRE

52

EIA Executive Summary Coastal Cities Environment and Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang City Sub-project - Component t, 2, 3, 5 Phase 2

Annex 4: Mitigation measures plan for Component 5

No. Impact Source of impacts

I Preparation phase

Unsuitable sizes of septic tanks

will have impacts on the treatment

Selection of effectiveness and

location and quality of

1 discharged technical wastewater to the

design combined

sewerage and cause

environmental problems

2 Land

None acguirement

Cutting trees, Site clearance 3 damages

before construction

n Construction Phase

- Dust, noise and solid waste during the construction

Construction of -. Potential toilets in accidents for schools pupils when

playing in construction areas


Mitigation measures

- Toilets must be designed in accordance with standards (with septic tanks)

- Toilets must be designed with good looking and suitable with the surrounding landscape

- Toilets must be divided into separate divisions, each division must be equipped with lamps and washing basins.

- Divisions must include lockllatch inside the doors

- Toilets must be ventilated and have windows

- Walls and floors of toilets . must be laid with anti-slipping

bricks - Water must be supplied

sufficiently for toilets

- Reducing to the maximum the tree cutting or impacts on trees in the schools

- The cut trees must be collected immediately for treatment and used as firewood

- Before commission the sanitation works, it is required to plant more green trees to create landscape for the area

- Install temporary toilet in schools during construction time.

- Prepare the plan for collecting solid waste, domestic solid waste and wastewater from workers during construction period

- Arrange the time for transporting materials properly to avoid impacts on studying and playing activities of pupils in

Execution Supenrision

The Client Design Sponsoring consultant agency

(WB)

The Client Sponsoring

Contractor agency (WB), schools

- Client; - Sponsoring agency (WB) - Schools - Department

Contractor of Natural Resources and Environment ofKhanh Hoa Province

53


F Impact Source of impacts

ill Operation phase Management - Causing bad and operation smell, bad tasks impacts on

landscape if cleaning activity is not carried out daily

- Choking may happen to septic tanks if they are not sucked regularly

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Nha Trang CCESP PMU, Marcb 2011

Mitigation measures

schools. - Separate and cover the

construction areas to avoid noise, dust emission and forbidding pupils to play at construction areas

- Arrange the person in charge of management and cleaning daily

- Regularly sucking the septic tanks to ensure the treatment process of septic tanks (3-6 months/time)

- A void rain water, water, solid waste, oil, grease, plastic ... entering into septic tanks


- DoNREof Khanh Hoa

Province - Sponsoring

Agency Operation (WB) agencies (schools)

54

khanh hoa provincial people's committee nha trang …

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