kgoa souvenir 2013 part 1 pages 1 55

Imew km£n, Ncn{Xw km£ncà-km-£n-Ip-Socw km£n...apg-¡n- -g-Inb ap{Zm-hm-N-I-a-ÃXvam[y-a-¡p- -IÄ¡vA]-l-kn-¡m-\pÅ ]mgvhm-¡-ÃXvam\-h-]-cn-Wm-a- nsâ\h-\-thm°m-\- nsâ\nan-j-\n-d-hp-IÄ¡v km£naÀ±-IÀ, Nqj-IÀ, km{amPyXz oI-cÀsXmgn-emfn hncp-²À A[n-Imc {]a¯-ÀtemI-s¯-hn-sSbpw AhÀs¡mtc\ndw, shdn, sImXn...AXn-s\-Xnsc Fhn-sS-sbÃmw\S-¡p¶ t]mcm-«-§-fp-sSbpw km£nae-bm-f-k-aq-l-¯nsâ amä-¯nsâ km£na²y-Xe DtZym-KØ hn`m-K-¯nsâAh-Imi kwc-£-W-¯nsâ km£n\mep ]Xn-äm-nsâ hfÀ¨-bpsS km£nCXm ChnsS Cu ae-\m-Sn³a-®nÂ\ns¶mcp alm sFIy-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâsNdp-Xp-cp-¯nÂ \n¶vCu km£n samgn \n§Ä¡mbvkaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p.

ae-Np-c-s¶m-gpIpw ]pg-X³ Icp-¯mbvacw-s]-bvXp-Xocm ag-X³ Icp-¯mbvae-\m-Sn³ aSn-bnÂ \n¶p-b-cp-¶p-hopwal-¯mb Poh\ kw{Kma kwKoXw....

]Wn-sN-¿p-¶-hscm-¶m-sW¶pws]mcp-XpI \sÃmcp \mtf-bvs¡¶pw]d-ªp-X-¶m-[o-c-c-\-izÀ]mSpI hop-am-kÀK-kw-Ko-Xw...

sXcp-hp-Ifim´w am\w ]nSbpw \½nÂIhcpw kpc-£-IÄ Nqj-I¸-cn-j-IÄIcp-X-tem-tSm-¶n-¨p-bnÀsImÄI-\-½ÄIcp¯mw \ap¡o kwL-kwKo-Xw...

Hfn-ªn-cn¡pw ASn-a-¡p-cp-¡p-IÄ\pc-ªp-s]-cpIpw A\o-Xn-IÄ NpäpwAh-\-h-\Ã]c-¶p-am-{i-b-am-Ip-hm³H¶n- p-]m-Sp-hn³ sFIy-kwKoXws]mcp-Xn-P-bn-¡, s]mcpXn Pbn-¡,s]mcp-Xn-P-bn¡ kJm-¡tf \mw.

sIPn-HF47-þmw kwØm\ kt½-f\w

2013 sabv 17, 18, 19, sXmSp-]pg

cN\: F. kplr-XvIp-amÀkwKoXw : hn.-sI. iin-[-c³

tIc-f-¸m\ 31H.-F³.hn

bm{X 39{]`m-hÀ½

s\än-bnse hSp-¡Ä 47cmhp®n

Fń\p-th-n, ]ns¶-ń-\p-thn? 59\oe-t¼-cqÀ a[p-kq-Z-\³ \mbÀ

Ihn-X-bm-b-Xp-sImv 65aW-¼qÀ cmP³_m_p

_yq«n ]mÀeÀ 69hn.-F-kv.-_nµp

Ah-ti-jn-¸p-IÄ 83tZhn.-]n.hn

AI-hn-X-IÄ 91sI.-BÀ.-cm-a-N-{µ³

{`m´³amsc Bh-iy-apv 99Sn.-sI.-tKm]n

CÃ hmXnÂ Xpd-¡nÃ 123hnt\mZv sshimJn

MARTYRS AT THE BORDERS 153

Prof.(Dr).K.V.Dominic

thWw _ZÂ amXr-I-IÄ; ]pXnb temI-¯n-\mbn9at\mPv.sI.-]p-Xn-b-hnf

]nt¶m«p \S-¡p¶ tIcfw 20sI.-in-h-Ip-amÀ

Dd- -ImÂsh-¸p-I-tfmsS apt¶m«v 22Sn.-sI.-kp-`mjv

km¼- nI hnI-k-\-¯nsâ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ 25tUm.-sI.-]n.-I-®³

hnI-k-\- k-ao]\w F´v? F§s\? 33]n.-Fkv.cm-P-ti-J-c³

\nÀ`-b-ambn Pohn-¡m\pw sXmgn-se-Sp-¡m\pw 48sI.-sI.-P-b-N-{µ³

Irjn-þ-kp-K-Ô-hy-RvP-\-§-fpsS \m«nÂ 60tUm.-jm-P³ hn.-BÀ

]mepÂ]m-Z\w tIc-f-¯nsâBh-iy-I-Xbpw km[y-X-Ifpw 66tUm.-Pn.-Fkv.a[p

Pe-ta-J-e-bpsS ssIIm-cy-IÀXrXzws]mXp-ta-J-e-bnÂ kwc-£n-¡pI 75tUm.BÀ.A-P-b-Ip-amÀhÀ½

CSp¡n ]mt¡Pv 86tUm.-sI.-sI.-jmPn

CSp¡n ùa-hn-Úm-\-¯nsâ Ie-hd 95tUm.-hn.-A-P-bIp-amÀ

CSp¡n tKm{XkmlnXy kw`m-h-\-IÄ 105Im©n-bmÀ cmP³

The Public Transport System 133A Kerala PerspectiveM.P.Ajith kumar

knhnÂ kÀÆokv C¶se C¶v, \msf 183sI.-Fw.-ap-l-½Zv

knhnÂ kÀÆokv `qX-hÀ¯-am\ mhn-IÄ? 193Sn.-sI.-A-ÐpÂIcnw

bp.-Un.-F^v tIc-fs¯k¼qÀ®XIÀ¨-bn-te¡v \bn-¡p¶p 155tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW³

Xpd¶ It¼m-f- hy-hØapX-em-fn¯Nqj-W-¯nsâ ]pXp-cq]w 159Fw.-F.-t__n

P\-hn-cp-²-X-bpsS 2 hÀj-§Ä 163sI.-{]-Imiv _m_p

Design: Colortrack. TVMPh : 0471 3050289

AXn-cp-I-fn-ÃmsX 41sshimJ³

H¼Xv \mev \mev 56sI.-BÀ.-a-ÃnI

dnt«¬ Hm^v Z t\äohvkv 70]n.-sI.-kp[n

Idp-I-dp¯ cm{Xn 84sI.-P-b-N-{µ³

hnÂ¸-\bv¡v 93sI.-sI.-km-lnX

I¶n aqe-bnse]pfn-b³ amhv 101]Ån-¸pdw {]Zo]v IpamÀ

Xoh-n-bnÂ kw -hn-¡p-¶Xv 125Fw.-F³.-hn-\-b-Ip-amÀ

\ne-\nÂ¸n-\m-bpÅbp²-§Ä 129tUm.-]n.-k-Pohv IpamÀ

ag-bcn 180kp`mkv.-kn.-Fkv

Bß-s\m-¼-c-§Ä 189]hn-{X.sI

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Imew 207{ipXn iin-[-c³

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NnÓ-§Ä 169BâWn ap\n-bd

ASn-b-d-hnsâ Xe- mhv 179sI.-Sn.-cm-Pohv

DuÀ½nf 187]n.-Fw.-tZ-h-cm-P³

thgm-¼Â 199apl-½Zv sI.Fw

kqcy-Im-´nbpw B¼epw 201tXmakv Fw sshZy³

sImÅn-ao³ 205þlyqtKm jmth-knsâ kvac-Wbv¡vXpf-ko-[-c³ ]m§-a-®nÂ

ao\-am-k-¯nse kqcy³ 213[\y Ad-¡pfw

tcmZ\w 215tkmWnbm t__n

Ihn-X-IÄ 217F³.-hn-P-b-tam-l-\³

Hcp e£y-ambn apt¶dmw 219tImSn-¡pfw kpIp-am-c³

Pe-hn-fn, apd-hn-fn, {]mW-hn-fn.... 221an\n ao\m£n

\ã-am-Ip¶ \thm-°m\aqey-§Ä\s½ Xs¶ HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯Â 171Ggm-t¨cn cma-N-{µ³

{]-[m-\-a{´n a³tam-l³knwKvH¯p-I-fn-bpsS BNm-cy³ 173tUm.-sk_m-Ìy³ t]mÄ

Icp- pä t]mcm-«-¯n\v If-sam-cp-¡pI 174cRvP\ \ncpe

sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Poh-\-¡mcpw km¼¯nIamµy-¯nsâ Cc-IÄ 177BÀ.-ap-¯p-kp-µcw

tIc-f K-käUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ kva-cWnI 2013km£n

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tIc-f K-käUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ kva-cWnI 2013 km£n

Xv hn-I-k-\-hn-Z-Kv-²À-¡p NÀ- -sN-¿m-\p-Å {]-_-Ô-a-Ã. Rm³ hn-I-k-\-hn-Z-Kv-²-\p-a-Ã. hn-I-k-\w F-¶-Xp hn-Z-Kv-²Àam-{Xw Iq-Sn-bn-cp-¶p Xo-cp-am-\n-t¡- hn-j-b-hp-a-Ã. A-Xp-sIm-v, C-Xv F-sâ-bpw\n-§-fp-sS-bpw \-½p-sS a-¡-fp-sS-bpw sIm-¨p-a-¡-fp-sS-bpw H-s¡ \n-e-\n-ev-]pw sa-¨-s¸-S-epw kw-_-Ôn-¨ Nn-e D-Xv-¡-WvT-I-fpw Nn- -I-fp-am-Wv. C-XnÂ kn-²m-´-

9

C- §-tfm \nÀ-Æ-N-\-§-tfm D-m-hn-Ã. i-X-am-\-§-fpw i-cm-i-cn-I-fpw A-\p-]m-X-§-fpw kq-N-I-§-fpw sIm-p-Åh-¼n-¨ I-kÀ-¯p-I-fpw D-m-hn-Ã.-

]-e-cpw ]-d-bp-¶, h-fÀ- -bm-Wp hn-I-k-\w F-¶ km-am-\y-h-Xv-¡-c-Ww Xp-S-¡- n-te \-ap-¡p X-Ån-¡-f-bmw.B h-fÀ-¨-¡-W-s¡m-¶pw Rm-t\m \n-§-tfm \-ap-¡pNp-äpw Po-hn-¡p-¶-h-tcm kz-´w Po-hn-X-¯nÂ A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶n-Ã. tI-c-f-k-¼-Zv-L-S-\ G-Xm-p ]- p i-X-am-\w tXm-XnÂ h-f-cp-¶p F-¶m-Wp I-W-¡v. ]- p-sIm-

teJ\w . at\mPv sI ]pXn-b-hnf

Ãw-sIm-v kw-Øm-\-s¯ k-¼- v C-c-«n B-Ip-¶p-sh-¶v! \-½-fnÂ F-{X-t]-cp-sS k-¼- m-Wv Cu tXm-XnÂh-f-cp-¶-Xv?

I-Å-¡-W-¡n-sâ X-cn-In-S

]-sm-cp ]yq¬, F-\n-¡pw R-§-sS Fw-Un-¡pw-Iq-Sn H-cp-e-£-¯n A-¿m-bn-cw cq-]-bm i-¼-fw F-¶p ]-d-ª-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv. Fw-Un-¡v H-cp-e-£-hpw A-bmÄ-¡v A-¿m-bn-c-hpw. i-cm-i-cn F-Sp-¯mÂ, c-mÄ-¡pw52,500 cq-]. C-Xp-t]m-se Aw-_m-\n-am-sc-bpw F-s¶-bpw\n-§-sf-bp-sa-Ãmw Iq-«n-s¡-«n-bp-Å Cu I-W-¡p-]-d-¨n-en-em-Wv B-Zy-s¯ h-©-\.-

hn-I-k-\m-h-iy-§Ä \nÀ-®-bn-¡m-\pw e-£y-§Ä \n-Ý-bn-¡m-\pw ]-²-Xn-IÄ B-kq-{X-Ww sN-¿m-\p-sam-s¡h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT-am-b Øn-Xn-hn-h-c-¡-W-¡p-IÄ B-h-iy-am-Wv. A-Xn-\v C-¯-cw i-cm-i-cn-I-f-Ã th--Xv. k-Xy-k-Ô-am-b hn-h-c-§-fm-Wv. A-Xn-\v G-ä-hpw A-Sn-Øm-\-]-c-am-bn th- H-cp hn-h-cw cm-Py-s¯ sam-¯w Z-cn-{Z-cp-sSF-®-am-Wv. \-ap-¡v A-§-s\-sbm-cp I-W-¡p-tm?

Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS I-W-s¡-Sp-¡m³ \mw F-{X I-½o-j-\p-I-sf h-¨p! Hm-tcm-cp- -cpw I-W-¡p-Iq-«n-b-t¸mÄ Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS kw-Jy ]-e-Xv! Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J-IÄ Hm-tcm-cp-¯-cpw a-Õ-cn-¨p am-än-h-c- -t¸mÄ Z-cn-{ZÀ sh-dpw A-©p sIm-Ã-¯n-\n-sS 77þÂ \n-¶v 29.-5 i-X-am-\-am-bn!!! 2007þ-\pw 2012þ-\pw C-S-bnÂ 47.-5 i-X-am-\w Z-cn-{ZÀ [-\n-I-cm-bn am-dn-b-X-Ã F-¶p \-ap-s¡-Ãmw A-dn-bmw. ]n-s¶? X-§Ä D-t±-in-¡p-¶ i-X-am-\-¡-W-¡p In-«m³ Hm-tcm-tcm am-\-Z-Þ-§Ä \n-Ý-bn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. sh-dpw ]-än-¡Â!

Zn-h-kw 22.-43 cq-] h-cp-am-\-ap-Å {Km-ao-W-\pw 28.-66cq-] h-cp-am-\-ap-Å \-K-c-hm-kn-bpw Z-cn-{Z-c-Ã F-¶ Ip-{]-kn-²-am-b I-dp-¯ ^-en-Xw `m-c-Xo-b-cp-sS ap-J-¯p-ÅImÀ-¡n-¨p-Xp-¸Â B-bn-cp-¶p. ]-«n-Wn-¡m-c-sâ Im-cy-¯nÂ t]m-epw I-Å-¡-W-¡p ]-d-bp-¶ Cu kw-hn-[m-\w ]n-s¶ G-Xp Im-cy-¯n-em-Ipw k-Xyw ]-d-bp-I! A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶, C- -cw P-\-hn-cp-²-¡-W-¡p-I-fpw k-ao-]-\-§-fpw \mw ]m-tS X-Ån-¡-f-bp-I. C-Xp sN-¿p-¶-hÀ ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-¡p-¶ hn-I-k-\w \-ap-¡p-th-n-bp-Å-X-Ã. A-Xpw \mw X-Åp-¶p.-

\-ap-¡p \-½p-tS-Xm-b hn-I-k-\w th-Ww; hn-I-k-\-k-ao-]-\w th-Ww. A-Xv F-§-s\-bp-Å-Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww?

s_-S-¡m-¡n X-\n-¡m-¡Â

A-Xv B-tem-Nn-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ C-¶-s¯ hn-I-k-\- n-sâ X-I-cm-dp-IÄ F-s´-Ãm-am-sW-¶p ]-cn-tim-[n-t¡--Xp-v.-

k-ao-]-Im-e-¯p \mw \-S-¸m-¡n-b k-{¼-Zm-b-§Ä ]-e-Xpw F-´p ^-e-am-Wp-m-¡n-b-Xv F-¶p ]-cn-tim-[n-¨p-sIm-p \-ap-¡p Xp-S-§mw. H-cp D-Zm-l-c-Ww ]-d-bmw:B-kq-{X-W-t_mÀ-Uv D-]m-²y-£³ Fw. sI. N-{µ-ti-J-c³ A-Sp-¯n-sS ]-d-ªp, F-Rv-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fnÂ 70 i-X-am-\-hpw P-bn-¡p-¶n-Ã; I-S-¶p-Iq-Sp-¶_m-¡n 30 i-X-am-\-¯nÂ 50 i-X-am-\w t]m-epw tPm-en-¡v tbm-Ky-c-Ã F-¶v. F-Rv-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv ]Tn-¡p-¶-h-cnÂ85 i-X-am-\-hpw ]-Wn-¡p sIm-Åm-¯-h-cm-sW-¶v AÀ-°w,

i-cm-i-cn a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS hn-Zym- ym-k-e-£yw 60þ-I-fnÂ{]o-Un-{Kn B-bn-cp-¶p. 70þ-I-fnÂ A-Xp _n-cp-Z-hpw 80þ-I-fnÂ _n-cp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cp-Z-hpw B-bn D-bÀ-¶p. H- w h-fÀ-¶p-h-¶ F-Rv-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv/sa-Un-kn³ {`-aw C-¡-gn-ªZ-i-I-¯nÂ Cu {]-h-W-X-sb a-dn-I-S-¶p. F-¶mÂ, Kp-W-ta-·-bn-Ãm-¯ Øm-]-\-§-fn-se ]T-\-hpw AÀ-l-X-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cp-sS hym-]-I-am-b {]-th-i-\-hpw A-hn-S-§-fnÂIq-«-t¯mÂ-hn-¡p h-gn-h-bv-¡p-I-bm-Wv. 70 i-X-am-\wtXmÂ-hn!

tI-c-f-¯n-sâ F-Ãm hn-I-k-\-NÀ-¨-bpwXp-S-§p-¶-Xv KÄ- p-]-W-¯nÂ-\n-¶v B-W-tÃm. C-¶p \-½p-sS k-¼-Zv-L-S-\-bp-sS A-Sn- -d-X-s¶ A-Xm-Wv F-¶-Xm-Wp Im-c-Ww. KÄ-^nÂ-\n-¶p h³-tXm-Xn-ep-Å a-S-§n-h-c-hp Xp-S-§n-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶ km-l-N-cy- nÂ hn-ti-jn-¨pw Cu NÀ- -bv-¡p {]m-[m-\ywG-dp-¶p.-

kw-Øm-\-s¯ 25 i-X-am-\w Ip-Spw-_-§-fnÂ {]-hm-kn-IÄ D-v. C-h-sc-Ãmw-Iq-Sn {]-Xn-hÀ-jw C-hn-tS-bv-¡v A-b-bv-¡p-¶-Xv 60,000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-Wv. kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ sam-¯w B-`y- -c-h-cp-am-\-am-b c-p-e-£w-tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS 30 i-X-am-\w h-cpw C-Xv. C-XpkÀ-¡m-cn-\p-Å h-cp-am-\-a-Ã; Ip-Spw-_-§-fp-tS-Xm-WvF-t¶mÀ-¡p-I.-

Cu Xp-I Im-em-Im-ew h-¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bm-W-tÃm. k-aq-l-¯n-se C-Xn-sâ Kp-Wn-X-{]-`m-h-hpw ]-cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww. C-Xn-sâ tNm-Z-\-bm-Wv C-¶p \mw Im-Wp-¶ Xp-Sn-¸p-IÄ. Cu ]-W-¯nÂ a-lm- q-cn-]-£-hpw sN-e-h-gn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv B-tcm-Kyw, hn-Zym-`ym-kw,ho-Sv, D-](kp-J)t`m-K-h-kv-Xp-¡Ä, B-Uw-_-cw, hn-t\m-Zw Xp-S-§n-b Im-cy-§Ä-¡m-Wv. D-]-t`m-K-þ-B-Uw-_-c-s¨-e-hp-I-fnÂ \-Ã-]-¦pw kzÀ-®-¡-S-I-fn-epw Xp-Wn-¡-S-I-fn-epw tjm- n-Mv am-fp-I-fn-ep-am-Wv F-¯p-¶-Xv. C-X-S-¡w ta-ev-]-d-ª F-Ãm C-\-§-fn-ep-am-bnsN-e-hm-¡p-¶ ]-W-¯nÂ knw-l-`m-K-hpw kw-Øm-\-¯n-\p ]p-d-t¯-¡m-Wv H-gp-Ip-¶-Xv. A-XnÂ tam-i-a-Ãm-¯ H-cp ]-¦v cm-Py-¯n-\p ]p-d-t¯-¡pw.-

C-XnÂ H-cp ss]-k-t]m-epw D-ev-]m-Z-\-cw-K- p ap-S-¡p-¶n-Ã F-¶p ]-d-ªmÂ A-Xn-i-tbm-àn B-hn-Ã. Nn-eÀ Nn-Ã-d kw-cw- -§Ä Xp-S-§p-¶p-s-¦n-epwA-h-bpw G-sd-bpw tk-h-\, hym-]m-c Øm-]-\-§-fm-Wv - tlm-«Â, kzm-{i-b-hn-Zym-e-b-§Ä, kzÀ-®-¡-S,Xp-Wn-¡-S, Sq-dn-kw kw-cw- -§Ä F-¶n-§-s\. tk-h-


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C-§-s\ tXmÂ-¡p-¶-h-cnÂ an-¡-h-cpw ap- - -©pw\m-ev-]-Xpw A-Xn-te-sd-bpw t]- -dp-IÄ In-«m-¯-h-cm-Wv.C-h-cm-cpw-X-s¶ C-h H-cp-Im-e-¯pw F-gp-Xn-sb-Sp-¡m-dp-an-Ã. A-h-sc-Ãmw ]n-s¶ sh-dpw ]-{´-mw-¢m-kp-ImÀ!A-§-s\ a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS i-cm-i-cn hn-Zym-`ym-k-\n-e-hm-cws]m-Sp-¶-s\ ]-{´-mw ¢m-km-bn Xm-gp-I-bm-Wv! C-Xvk-aq-l- nÂ F-s´-Ãmw X-cw {]-Xym-Lm-X-§Ä D-m-¡pw F-¶-Xp Ku-c-h-]qÀ-Æw ]Tn-t¡- hn-j-b-am-Wv.-

]n-s¶, F-´n-\m-Wv C-§-s\m-cp F-Rv-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv A-`ym-kw!? BÀ-¡m-Wv C-Xp-sIm-p Kp-Ww? H-cp-Iq-«À-¡p-am-{Xw. kzm-{i-bw F-¶ a-l-¯m-b Km-Ôn-b³ k-¦-ev-]-s¯ hy-`n-N-cn-¡p-¶ tIm-g-t¡m-tf-Pv I- -h-S-¡mÀ-¡v.e-£-¡-W-¡n-\p Ip-«n-I-sf _-en-bm-Sp-I-fm-¡n hn-c-en-se-®m-hp-¶-hÀ tIm-So-iz-c-cm-bn.-

C-Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv ]p-Xn-b Im-e-s¯ G-Xm-s-Ãm k-{¼-Zm-b-§-fp-sS-bpw e-£yw. Nn-eÀ-¡p ]-Ww Ip-¶p-Iq-«m-\p-Å Ip-X-{´-§Ä-¡p s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-s¯ C-c-I-fm-

\-ta-J-e-bn-em-Wp Iq-Sp-X-epw. s]-s«-¶p em-`w In-«p-¶GÀ-¸m-Sp-IÄ F-¶-Xp am-{X-am-Wp ]-cn-K-W-\. A-§-s\-b-Ãm- , ZoÀ-L-Im-em-Sn-Øm-\- n-ep-Å, D-ev-]m-Z-\-kw-c- -§Ä-¡p ap-XÂ-ap-S-¡v D-m-Ip-¶n-Ã.-

Np-cp-¡- nÂ, D-ev-]m-Z-\-h-fÀ- -b-Ã, D-]-t`m-K-h-fÀ- -bm-Wp tI-c-f-¯nÂ kw- -hn-¡p-¶-Xv. \-½p-sS h-fÀ- Ir-jn-bpw hy-h-km-b-hpw A-S-¡-ap-Å D-ev-]m-Z-\-cw-K- -Ã,tk-h-\-cw-K- m-Wv. C-Xv A-Sn-b- -c-am-bn s]m-fn-s¨-gp-Xp-IF-¶-Xm-Wp \-½p-sS ]-c-a-{]-[m-\ I-S-a. kz-Im-cy-ta-J-e h-f-cp-I-bpw s]m-Xp-k-¼-Zv-L-S-\ X-f-cp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ A-h-Ø-bv-¡v F-¦n-te am-ä-ap-m-¡m³ I-gn-bq. A-sÃ-¦nÂ A-Sn-¯-d C-Ãm-¯, A-Øn-c-am-b h-fÀ- -bm-Ipw D-m-Ip-I.

A-Sn- -d-bm-b D-ev-]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-sb t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-t¡--Xv -c-W-Iq-S-am-Wv. G-Xp ta-J-e-bn-em-Wp ap-XÂ-ap-S-¡pth--sX-¶p -c-W-Iq-Sw Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I-bpw A-hn-tS-¡p\n-t£-]w \-S- n-¡p-I-bp-am-Wp th--Xv. ]-I-cw C-¶p ap-X-em-fn-bm-Wv \n-t£-]-ta-J-e Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. k-aq-l-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-a-Ã, em-`w am-{X-am-Wv A-bm-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\.-

s]-s«-¶p h-en-b em-`w D-m-Im-¯ ta-J-e-I-fnÂ kÀ-¡mÀ-X-s¶ ap-X-en-d-¡-Ww. F-¶mÂ, ]-W-an-sÃ-¶ \n-e-]m-Sn-em-Wp -c-W-Iq-Sw. Cu \n-e-]m-Sp Xn-cp-¯n-¡m-\p-Åk-½À-±w D-bÀ-¯n-s¡m-p-h-cn-I F-¶-Xpw H-cp hn-I-k-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\w X-s¶-bm-Wv.

H-¸w, k-l-I-c-W-ta-J-e-bn-epw a-äp Iq-«m-bv-a-I-fp-sS am-Xr-I-bn-epw D-ev-]m-Z-\-kw-cw- -§Ä Xp-S-§m-\p-Å ap³-ssI-IÄ _-ZÂ-hn-I-k-\-]-²-Xn-bnÂ [m-cm-f-am-bn D-m-I-Ww.ap-X-em-fn-¯- n-sâ _-e-X-{´-§Ä-¡pw A-Xn-\p-th-n cq-]w \Â-In-bn-«p-Å \n-b-a-N-«-¡q-«n-\pw D-Ån-em-Wp \mw C-sX-Ãmw \-S-¸m-¡p-¶-sX-¦n-epw A-Xn-sâ Xn-·-I-sf a-dn-I-S-¡p-¶-Xpw ]p-Xn-b hy-h-Øn-Xn-¡p-th-n D-Å-Xp-am-b`AÀ-°-]qÀ-®-am-b _-ZÂ B-bn-cn-¡-Ww \mw I-s-¯p-¶ am-Xr-I-IÄ.-

C-¶-se-h-sc Ir-jn-¡pw Xm-a-k- n-\pw D-Å A-Sn-Øm-t\m-]m-[n am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶ q-an A-X-Ãm-Xm-bn am-dn-b-Xm-WvC-¶-s¯ B-]Â-¡-c-am-b {]-Xn-`m-kw. ssI-am-äw sN-bv-Xp]-W-ap-m-¡m-\p-Å N-c-¡m-Wn-¶p q-an! dn-bÂ F-kv-tä-ävam-^n-b-bp-sS X-Ån- -bnÂ q-an-bp-sS A-h-Im-in-IÄ ]-em-b-\w sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶p. C-Xn-\m-bn X-e-§pw hn-e-§pw tdm-Up sh-«p-¶p. kzm-`m-hn-I-\o-scm-gp-¡m-sI X-S-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.Ir-jn-`q-an C-Ãm-Xm-Ip-I-bpw A-hn-sS-Ãmw v-fm-äp-I-fpw am-fp-I-fpw I¬-h³-j³ skâ-dp-I-fpw D-b-cp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p.-

C-¶p kw-Øm-\-s¯ ImÀ-jn-I-h-cp-am-\w sam- w h-cp-am-\- n-sâ 10 i-X-am-\w t]m-epw C-Ã. (Ir-jn Ip-d-ª-Xp am-{X-a-Ã Im-c-Ww [-\-bn-S-]m-Sv, _m-¦n-Mv, hym-]m-cw Sq-dn-kw, Xp-S-§n-b a-äp-ta-J-e-IÄ B-\p-]m-Xn-I-a-Ãm-sX h-

fÀ-¶-Xp-Iq-Sn B-Wv.-) s\Â-h-bÂ 1975þÂ F-«p-e-£w sl-ÎÀ D-m-bn-cp-¶-Xv C-¶p c-p-e-£w sl-ÎÀ B-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C-XnÂ ap-¡mÂ ]-¦pw B-Zyw a-äp hn-f-I-fn-te-¡p am-dp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]n-¶o-S-h dn-bÂ F-kv-tä-än-\p h-gn-am-dn.C-§-s\-bpw A-Ãm-sX-bpw a-äp hn-f-I-fp-sS-bpw hn-kv-Xr-XnIp-d-bp-¶p.-

{]-tXy-I km-l-N-cy- nÂ tI-c-fw C-\n s\Â-¡r-jnsN-t¿-s-¶pw Acn ]p-d-¯p-\n-¶p h-cp-¯n-bmÂ a-Xn-sb-¶pw H-s¡-bp-Å D-]-tZ-i-§Ä h-¶p-Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-v. A-§n-s\ h-¶mÂ, C-hn-sS-tbm A-bÂ-kw-Øm-\-§-fnÂ F-hn-sS-sb-¦n-ep-tam H-cp k-a-c-tam kw-LÀ-j-tam lÀ-¯m-tem tdm-Up-X-S-k-tam D-m-bmÂ \-ap-¡v A-¶w ap-«pw. A-Xp-sIm-v, B-]Â-¡-c-am-b C- -cw hn-Vn- -§-sf bp-àn-bp-àw s]m-fn-¡-Ww. A-Xym-h-iy-¯n-\v (criticalminimum) F-¦n-epw A-cn kw-Øm-\-¯v D-ev-]m-Zn-¸n-t¨ a-Xn-bm-Iq. A-Xpw e-£y-am-I-Ww.-

]-g-b co-Xn-bn-ep-Å Ir-jn km-²y-a-Ã. P-\-§-sf Ir-jn-bn-te-¡v B-IÀ-jn-¡m-\pw A-Xv B-Zm-b-I-cw B-¡m-\pwX-{ -§Ä B-hn-jv-¡-cn-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ir-jn-¸-Wn-¡vB-sf In-«m-¯ km-l-N-cyw ]-e-bn-S- pw D-Å-Xv F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw sXm-gnÂ D-Å-Xp-sIm-v A-sÃ-¶p \-ap-¡-dn-bmw.sXm-gnÂ-am-\y-X kw-_-Ôn- A-_-²-[m-c-W-IÄ sIm-p-Iq-Sn B-Wv. A-bÂ-¡m-c-sâ Iq-en-¡m-c³ B-Im³ ]-ebp-hm-¡Ä-¡pw Xm-ev-]-cy-an-Ã. Cu {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³]-©m-b-t¯m P-\-Io-b-k-an-Xn-I-tfm Iq-en sIm-Sp-¡p-¶kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä-¡v B-Ipw. l-cn-X-tk-\, sXm-gnÂ-¡-cmÀkw-L-§Ä Xp-S-§n-b ]-e am-Xr-I-I-fpw C-¶v hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n- p-h-cp-¶p-v.-

]-c-¼-cm-K-X ta-J-e-I-fnÂ H-cp Zzn-ap-J-k-ao-]-\w B-bn-cn-¡pw B-im-kyw. C-\n ]p-Xn-b F-s´-¦n-epw ]Tn-¡m³I-gn-bm-¯ {]m-bw-sN-¶-h-sc B cw-K- p sXm-gnÂ e-`y-am-¡n-bpw C-h-cp-sS D-ev-]-¶-§Ä-¡p hn-]-Wn I-s-¯n-bpw\n-e-\nÀ-¯-Ww. sXm-gn-se-Sp-¡m³ I-gn-bm-¯-hÀ-¡p km-aq-ln-I-kp-c-£ GÀ-s¸-Sp- -Ww. ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-¡m-sc]p-Xn-b ti-jn-IÄ ]-IÀ-¶p-\Â-In a-äp ta-J-e-I-fnÂ ]p-\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡-Ww.-

B-tcm-Kyw, hn-Zym-`ym-kw Xp-S-§n-b tk-h-\-ta-J-e-I-fn-sem-s¡ km-aq-ln-I-\n-b-{´-Ww GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw Kp-W-\n-e-hm-cw D-bÀ-¯p-I-bpw B-h-iym-[n-jvTn-X B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ am-{Xw ]p-Xn-b \n-t£-]-§ÄA-\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bpw B-Wp th--Xv. C-Xn-\p-Å i-à-am-bC-S-s]-S-epw {]-t£m- -hpw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.-

sF.-än.-sb H-cp hy-h-km-bw F-¶ \n-e-bnÂ Im-Wm-sXF-Ãm ta-J-e-bn-se-bpw Im-cy-£-a-X D-bÀ- m-\pw A-²zm-\- m-cw Ip-d-bv-¡m-\p-ap-Å D-]m-[n-bm-bn I-v m-hn-hn-I-k-\w B-tem-Nn-¡-Ww. hn-tI-{µo-Ir-X-am-bn A-Sn-Øm-\-ku-


11

¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶ Iq-«n-s¡m-Sp-¸p-Im-c-sâ tdm-fn-em-Wp ]-e cm-Py-s¯-bpw `-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä. C-Xn-\p th-n-bp-Åhn-I-k-\-am-Xr-I-I-fm-Wv `-c-W-Iq-S-§-fpw A-h-cp-sS D-]-tZ-ãm-¡-fpw B-tKm-f km-¼-¯n-I G-P³-kn-I-fp-sam-s¡ ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-¡p-¶-Xv.-

C-ã-Zm-\-hpw e-£w-tIm-Sn tIm-g-bpw

`-c-W-X-e-¯nÂ ap-¼p \-S-¶n-cp-¶ A-gn-a-Xn-IÄ h-Ãa-cm-a-¯p-]-Wn-IÄ I-cmÀ sIm-Sp-¯pw b-t{´m-]-I-c-W-§-fpw a-äpw hm-§n-bpw I-½o-j³ h-§p-I F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶mÂ, C-¶v, cm-Py-¯n-sâ h-I-bm-b {]-Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-§Ä X-s¶ tImÀ-¸-td-äp-IÄ-¡p ssI-am-dp-I-bm-Wv. {]-Ir-Xn-hm-X-I-hpw I-ev-¡-cn-bpw sXm-«v hn-h-c-hn-\n-a-b-am-²y-a-am-b kv-s]-{Î-§Ä h-sc F-Ãmw. Z-i-e-£-¡-W-¡n-\ptIm-Sn cq-] aq-ey-ap-Å C- -cw hn- -h-§Ä ssI-am-dp-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wp ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-hpw e-£-hpw tIm-Sn-IÄ cm-Py-¯n-\p \-ã-ap-m-Ip-I-bpw A-Xp Nn-e-cp-sS em-`-am-

I-cy-§Ä hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv Cu cw-K-s¯ h-fÀ- k-´p-en-X-am-¡m³ \-Ã-Xv. C-¶-s¯ ]-Ým-¯-e-ku-I-cywhn-e-bn-cp-¯n am-{X-ta C-\n \nÀ-½m-W-§Ä ]m-Sp-Åq. dn-bÂ F-kv-tä-äp-Im-cpw sXm-gnÂ-¡-cm-dp-Im-cpw B-Wp ZuÀ-`m-Ky-h-imÂ C-¶v Cu cw-Kw I-¿-S-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw C-hn-tS-¡p kzo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xpw. Cu k-ao-]-\w am-d-Ww.ku-I-cyw kÀ-¡mÀ H-cp-¡p-I-bpw B-h-iy-ap-Å X-cw \n-t£-]w A-hn-tS-¡v B-IÀ-jn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ co-Xn-bm-Wv B-im-kyw.-

h-fÀ-¨-bp-sS Po-h-hm-bp-hm-W-tÃm DuÀ-Öw. DuÀ-Ö-cw-K-¯pw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-_p-²n-tbm-sS-bp-Å B-kq-{X-W-hpw k-ao-]-\-hpw I-cp-¸n-Sn- n-¡-Ww. C-¶v Cu c-K-¯p \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶ I-Sp-¯ A-\n-Ýn-X-Xzw H-t«-sd km-aq-ln-I-{]-iv-\-§Ä-¡p-X-s¶ Im-c-W-am-Im-hp-¶ A-h-Ø-bm-Wv. m-hn-hn-I-k-\w B-sI Xp-em-knÂ Xq-§p-I-bm-Wn-¶v. kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡-c-Ww t]m-se-bp-Å ]n-t¶m-«-Sn-I-f-Ãm-sX H-cn-©pwap-t¶m-«p t]m-Ip-¶n-Ã. ]m-gm-¡-epw {]-k-c-W-\-ã-hpw Ip-d-bv-¡Â, DuÀ-Ö-£-a-X Iq-Sn-b D-]-I-c-W-§Ä hn-I-kn- n-¨p {]-N-cn- n-¡Â, t_m-[-h-Xv-¡-c-Ww H-s¡ P-\-Io-b-am-bn sN-¿m-\m-Ipw.-

sh-Å- n-sâ Im-cyw ]-d-bm-\n-Ã. Iq-\n-t·Â Ip-cpt]m-se A-hn-sS-bpw kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡-c-W- n-\p-Å B-{Im-´-am-Wv. a-en-\-am-b P-e-t{km-X-kp-IÄ ip-²o-I-cn-¡m-t\ma-en-\o-I-c-Ww X-S-bm-t\m \oÀ-a-dn {]-tZ-i-§Ä ]-cn-]m-en-¡m-t\m ip-²-am-b Ip-Sn-sh-Åw D-d-¸m-¡m-t\m a-g-sh-Åwk- -cn-¡m-t\m a-g-¡p-gn-I-fpw a-äpw D-m-¡n P-e-hmÀ-¨-bpw`q-KÀ- -P-e-hpw sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯m-t\m H-¶pw -e-{]-Z-am-b \-S-]-Sn-IÄ D-m-Ip-¶n-Ã. ap-X-em-fn-¯- n-\m-bm-epw _-Z-en-\m-bm-epw a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-sS \n-e-\n- n-\p-Å A-Sn-Øm-\-am-W-tÃm q-an-bpw sh-Å-hpw hm-bp-hp-sam-s¡.-

C-¶p h-fÀ- -bp-sS t\-«w In-«p-¶-Xv 20 i-X-am-\- nÂ-¯m-sg B-fp-IÄ-¡p am-{X-am-Wv. Xm-tg-¯-«n-ep-Å ap-¸-Xpi-X-am-\w t]-cpw Xm-tg-¡m-Wp h-f-cp ¶-Xv! A-k-a-Xzw K-Wy-am-bn hÀ-²n-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv C-Xn-\À-°w. Cu A-k-a-Xzw C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-I-bm-Wv A-Sn-Øm-\-{]-hÀ- -\-sa-¦n-epw ssI-s¯m-gn-ep-Im-cpw ]-c-¼-cm-K-X-hy-h-km-b-s¯m-gn-em-fn-I-fpw H-s¡ A-S-§p-¶ Cu 30 i-X-am-\- n-\p km-aq-ln-I-kp-c-£ \-ev-tI--Xv A-Sn-b-´-cm-h-iy-am-Wv.-

C-S-bv-¡p h-cp-¶ 50 i-X-am-\- nÂ Ip-td-t¸-cp-sS Po-hn-Xw sa- -s¸-Sp-¶p F-¶p tXm-¶m-sa-¦n-epw B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn t\m-¡n-bmÂ A-h-cpw h-f-cp-I-b-Ã, X-f-cp-I-bm-Wv F-¶p Im-Wmw. C-h-sc C-¡m-cy-§Ä t_m-²y-s¸-Sp-¯n _-Z-ep-I-fp-am-bpw t]m-cm-«-§-fp-am-bpw A-Wn-tNÀ-¡m³ I-gn-b-Ww.-

A-\n-b-{´n-X-am-b D-]-t`m-K-hpw A-Xn-\m-bp-Å h-¼n-D-ev-]m-Z-\-hpw h³-tXm-XnÂ am-en-\yw kr-ãn-¡pw. A-Xp ]-IÀ- -hym-[n-I-fpw a-äp Zp-c-´-§-fp-am-bn \-½p-sS B-tcm-Ky-hpw hn- -h-§-fpw ]n-s¶-bpw tNmÀ- pw. C-Xm-Wp k-ao-]-

Im-e-s¯ G-ä-hpw h-en-b sh-Ãp-hn-fn. D-]-tbm-Kw Ip-d-bv-¡Â (reduce), ]p-\-cp-]-tbm-Kw (reuse), Nm-{In-I-kw-kv-¡-c-Ww (recycle) F-¶ a-{´w ]-c-am-h-[n {]-N-cn- n-¡p-I-bpw A-Xp {]-Im-c-ap-Å ]-²-Xn-IÄ B-hn-jv-¡-cn-¡p-I-bpw th-Ww. H-¸w D-]-t`m-Km-k-àn Ip-d-bv-¡m-\p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw B-h-iy-am-Wv. hn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ \n-¶p-X-s¶C-Xp Xp-S-§mw.-

]-Sp-Iq-ä³ ho-Sp-IÄ sI-«p-¶-Xn-s\-¸-än au-\w ]m-en-¡p-I-bpw a-W-eq-än-\pw ]m-d-s]m-«n-¡-en-\pw F-Xn-sc k-a-cw \-S- p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xp ]m-gv-th-e B-Ip-¶-Xp-t]m-seB-Wv D-]-t`m-K-kw-kv-¡m-c-¯n-s\-Xn-sc t]m-cm-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw ]-cn-Øn-Xn-¡p-th-n t]m-cm-Sp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xv._-lp-cm-{ã-¡p- -I-IÄ-¡pw ss]-¦n-fn-{]-kn-²o-I-c-W-§Ä-¡pw kv-{Xo-IÄ-s¡-Xn-cm-b A-Xn-{I-a-§Ä-¡pw a-Zy- n-\p-sam-s¡ F-Xn-sc {]-Nm-c-Ww -e-{]-Zw B-Ip-sa-¦nÂ C-Xpw \-S-¡m-¯-X-Ã. C-d-§n-¯n-cn-¡m-¯ Ip-ä-ta D-Åq.-

C-¶-s¯ hn-I-k-\w ]-cn-Øn-Xn-bn-epw k-kv-¡m-c- n-ep-sam-s¡ kr-ãn-¡p-¶ hn-\m-i-I-c-am-b X-IÀ-¨ t\-cn-Sm-\p-Å ]-²-Xn-I-fpw Iq-«m-bv-a-I-fpw D-m-Ip-I-bm-Wp ]-c-a-{]-[m-\-am-b a-säm-¶v. Z-fn-XÀ, kv-{Xo-IÄ Xp-S-§n ]n-¶m-¡w\n-ev-¡p-¶ F-Ãm hn- m-K-§-sf-bpw Nq-j-W-§-fnÂ-\n-¶p c-£n-¡m-\pw ap-¶-Wn-bn-te-¡p sIm-p-h-cm-\pw D-Å ]-²-Xn-I-fpw C-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶ {]-[m-\-am-Wv. hn-]p-e-am-bt_m-[-h-Xv-¡-c-W-am-Wv Cu cw-K-§-fnÂ th--Xv. H-¸w, ]-cn-Øn-Xn-bp-sS-bpw ta-ev-]-d-ª hn- m-K-§-fp-sS-bpw kw-c-£-W-¯n-\p-Å \n-b-a-§Ä IÀ-i-\-am-bn \-S- m-¡p-¶p F-¶v D-d-¸m-¡m-\pw ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ th-Ww.-

]-cn-Øn-Xn \-in- n-¡p-¶-Xp sXm-gn-em-fn-bp-sS kw-kv-¡m-cw A-Ã. em-`mÀ- n-bp-sS Zp-c-´-am-W-Xv. A-¯-c-sam-cpkw-cw- w ]-cn-Øn-Xn \-in- n-¡p-t¼mÄ A-Xn-s\-Xn-sc {]-Xn-tj-[-tam kÀ-¡mÀ-\-S-]-Sn-tbm D-m-bm-ep-S³, A-XpsXm-gn-em-fn-bp-sS sXm-gnÂ \-ã-s¸-Sp-¯p-sa-¶p ]-d-ªvA-h-sc cw-K- n-d-¡n X³-Im-cyw t\-Sm-\p-Å X-{ -am-WvA-Sp- -Im-e-¯p ap-X-em-fn-amÀ {]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nn-esXm-gn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-IÄ B sI-Wn-bnÂ ho-gp-I-bpw C-c-I-fm-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿m-dp-v. ]m-d-a-S-I-fp-sS-bpw m-Î-dn-I-fp-sS-bp-sam-s¡ Im-cy- nÂ C-Xp ]-e-t¸m-gpw \mw Im-Wp-¶p. C-Xp {]-Xn-tcm-[n-¡-s¸-S-Ww. sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-¡q-Sn ]-cn-Øn-Xn-bp-sS ]-£- v A-Wn-\n-c- n ap-X-em-fn-sb B\-io-I-c-W-¯nÂ-\n-¶p ]n- n-cn- n-¡p-I-bm-Wp th--Xv.e-£y-t_m-[-ap-Å {]-Øm-\-§Ä C-¡m-cy- nÂ im-kv-{Xo-

Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv.-hn- -h-§Ä ku-P-\y-am-tbm ku-P-\y(k-_v-kn-Un)\n-

c-¡n-tem D-ev-]m-Z-IÀ-¡p \Â-In-bmÂ D-ev-]-¶- n-sâ hn-e Ip-d-bpw F-¶-Xm-Wp \ym-bw. F-¶n-«v, \n-§-fp-sS A-dn-hnÂ F-´n-sâ-sb-¦n-epw hn-e Iq-Sp-I-b-Ãm-sX Ip-d-bp-I-bp-m-bn-«p-tm? A-Xpw a-säm-cp s]-cp-¦-Åw!

A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶-bm-Wp ]m-h-s -«-hÀ-¡p k-_v-kn-Un sIm-Sp-¡m-\pw hn-I-k-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡p ap-S-¡m-\pw ]-W-an-sÃ-¶ hm-Z-hpw. C-Xn-\-Iw ]p-d-¯p-h-¶ A-gn-a-Xn-I-fnÂ cm-Py- n-\p \-ã- -«-Xm-bn I-s-¯n-b Z-i-e-£-¡-W-¡n-\p tIm-Sn cq-]-bpw h³-In-S-¡mÀ-¡p \n-Ip-Xn-bn-f-h-S-¡w \Â-In-b a-tä-Xm-\pw Z-i-e-£w tIm-Sn-I-fpw a-Xn-bm-bn-cp-¶n-tÃ C-XnÂ ]-e-Xn-\pw. A-t¸mÄ, ]-W-an-sÃ-¶ ]-Ã-hn-bpw ]- -\p-W-bm-sW-¶p sh-fn-s -Sp-¶p. B-tKm-f-Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS ^-e-am-Wv F-Ãm ap-X-em-fn-¯-cm-Py-§-fn-epw k-am-\-am-b C- -cw \p-W-IÄ ]-

Ã-hn-I-fm-bn B-e-]n-¡-s -Sp-¶-Xv.-ap-s¼-Ãmw tdm-Upw sd-bn-epw sa-t{Sm-bpw H-s¡ \-

½p-sS \n-Ip-Xn- -Ww-sIm-v kÀ-¡m-cm-Wv D-m-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. C-¶v B k-{¼-Zm-b-ta t]m-bn. F-Ãmw h-¼³I-¼-\n-I-fm-Wp ]-Wn-bp-¶-Xv. \mw A-hÀ-¡p tSmÄ sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. sN-e-hp-Im-iv Cu-Sm-¡m-\m-W-tX. A-tX-k-a-bw, C-h ]-Wn-bm-s\-¶ t]-cnÂ A-Xn-\p th--Xpw th--Xn-sâ ]-e-a-S-§pw q-an kÀ-¡mÀ G-sä-Sp- p \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p. C-Xv B-cpw {i-²n-¡p-¶n-Ã. I-®m-b`q-an-b-{X-bpw C-§-s\ A-h-cp-sS kz-Im-cy-kz-¯m-Ip-I-bm-Wv. tZ-i-kz-¯m-b hn- -h-§Ä t]m-se q-an-bpw ssI-am-d-s¸-Sp-¶p. A-XnÂ A-hÀ hym-]m-c-k-ap-¨-b-§-fpw am-fp-I-fpw ^v-fm-äp-I-fpw \nÀ-½n-¨p Io-i hoÀ-¸n-¡p-¶p.-

.-. -.-C-sX-Ãm-am-Wp ]p-Xn-b hn-I-k-\-k-{¼-Zm-bw.H-cp h³-In-S-]-²-Xn-¡p ]-Ww ap-S-¡m³ X-¿m-dm-bn H-

cp kw-Øm-\-kÀ-¡mÀ ap-t¶m-«p h-¶mÂ-t¸m-epw A-\p-h-Zn-¡n-Ã. kz-Im-cy-]-¦m-fn- w D-m-¡n-tb ]-äq F-¶p \nÀ-


12

b-\n-e-]m-Sp ssI-s¡m-t Xo-cq. C-Xn-\p-Å k-½À-±w D-bÀ-¯m-\pw _-Z-en-sâ m-K-am-bn I-gn-b-Ww.-

A-§-s\ H-cp ]p-Xn-b tI-c-fw e-£y-am-¡n-bp-Å h-en-b {]-hÀ- -\-§-fn-se i-à-am-b Np-h-Sp-h-bv-]pw {]-tNm-Z-\-hpw B-I-s« C-Sp-¡n-bn-se D-Zy-a-§Ä.-

cp h-i-¯v. H-cp i-X-am-\w k-¼- p-am-{Xw ]n- -¡m-ip-t]m-se F-dn-ªp-In-«n-b 99 i-X-am-\w t]À a-dp-h-i-¯pw.C-Xm-Wv tem-I-ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ X-e-Øm-\w(?) B-b A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se C-¶-s¯ Øn-Xn. 99 i-X-am-\-¡mÀA-hn-sS kw-L-Sn- v aq-e-[-\-i-àn-bm-b H-cp i-X-am-\- n-sâ B-Øm-\-am-b hmÄ kv-{äo-äv I-¿-S-¡n k-a-cw Xp-S-§n-b-Xpw A-Xp ap-X-em-fn-¯-tem-I-¯m-sI ]-SÀ-¶-Xpw\mw I--Xm-Wv.-

aq-e-[-\-Ip-¶p-Iq-S-en-sâ-bpw `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n-\p-taÂ D-

º-Ôn-¡p-¶p. sIm-¨n sa-t{Sm C-{X-bpw Im-ew ssh-In-b-Xp-X-s¶ Cu H-scm-ä ZpÀ-Æm-in-bp-sS t]-cn-em-bn-cp-¶-tÃm.-

F- n-\m-Wo hm-in-IÄ?

am-dn-b hy-h-Øn-Xn-bp-sS kr-ãn-bm-W-Xv. ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b hn-hn-[ cq-]-§-sf- -än ImÄamÀ-Iv-kv ]-d-ªn-«p--tÃm þ ImÀ-jn-I, hm-Wn-Py, hym-h-km-bn-I, Ip-¯-I, [-\-Im-cy, km-{am-Py-Xz aq-e-[-§-sf-¸-än. A-Xn-sâ G-ä-hpw ]p-Xn-b cq-]-am-Wp tImÀ- -td-äv aq-e-[-\w F-¶ B-tKm-f-aq-e-[-\-kz-cq-]w.-

[-\w Iq-Sp-XÂ Ip-¶p-Iq-Sp-sa-¶pw [-\n-I-þ-Z-cn-{Z A-´-cw aqÀ-Ñn-¡p-sa-¶pw A-t±-lw {]-h-Nn-¨n-cp-¶p. sXm-gn-em-fn-hn-`m-K-§-fp-sS F-®w Ip-d-bp-sa-¶pw sh-Å-t¡m-fÀ tPm-en-bnÂ Ip-Xn-¨p-I-b-äw D-m-Ip-sa-¶pw A-t±-lw ]-d-ªn-cp-¶p.

C-sX-Ãmw kw- -hn-¨ H-cp km-aq-ln-Im-h-Ø-bm-Wv C-¶p tem-I-¯p \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv. k-¼-¯n-sâ 99 i-X-am-\-hpw Ip-¶p-Iq-«n-h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp i-X-am-\w t]À H-

m-b A-Xn-sâ h-¼n-¨ kzm-[o-\-¯n-sâ-bpw C-h c-pwtNÀ-¶p \-S- n-b H- p-I-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw ^-e-am-bn-cp-¶p2007þÂ s]m-«n-¸p-d-s¸-« B-tKm-f-km-¼-¯n-I-am-µyw. A-Xp ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-s\-¶ t]-cnÂ, ]p-c-bv-¡p Xo-]n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ hm-g sh-«p-I F-¶ k-{¼-Zm-b-¯nÂ, s]m-Xp-J-P-\m-hnÂ-\n-¶p \m-Sn-sâ k-¼- -{X-bpw tImÀ- -td-äp-IÄ-¡p hm-cn-t¡m-cn-s¡m-Sp- -Xpw A-Xv A-ta-cn-¡³ -c-W-Iq-S-s¯-¯-s¶ ho-gv-¯n-b-Xpw \mw I-p.-

A-tX hn-I-k-\-]m-X ]n-´p-S-cp-¶ C- y-bpw tImÀ-¸-td-äp-I-fp-sS X-Sn-¨p-sIm-gp-¡-en-\pw 99 i-X-am-\-¯n-sâsIm-Spw-X-IÀ- -bv-¡pw h-gn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶ \-b-§-fm-Wp ]n-´p-S-cp-¶-Xv. C-tX- -än Rm³ hn-h-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. B ]-cn-jv-¡m-c-§-fp-sS C-c-IÄ F-¶ \n-e-bnÂ \n-§-fpw F-s¶-t¸m-se A-\p- -hn-¡p-I-bm-W-tÃm Po-hn-X-Zp-c-´-§Ä.-

2007þ-se am-µy- nÂ-\n-¶v C- y-sb c-£n- p-\nÀ- n-b-Xp \-½p-sS s]m-Xp-ta-J-e-bm-bn-cp-¶p. C-Xp ]-d-ª-Xp a-äm-cp-a-Ã, \-½p-sS {]-[m-\-a-{´n X-s¶. tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n-\p cq-] em-`-ap-m-¡n-s¡m-n-cp-¶ \-h-c-Xv-\-bpw an-

aq-e-[-\-Ip-¶p-Iq-S-en-sâ-bpw `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n-\p-taÂ D-m-b A-Xn-sâ h-¼n-¨ kzm-[o-\-¯n-sâ-

bpw C-h c-pw tNÀ-¶p \-S-¯n-b H-¯p-I-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw ^-e-am-bn-cp-¶p 2007þÂ s]m-«n-¸p-d-s¸-«

B-tKm-f-km-¼-¯n-I-am-µyw. A-Xp ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-s\-¶ t]-cnÂ, ]p-c-bv-¡p Xo-]n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ hm-g sh-«p-I F-¶ k-{¼-Zm-b-¯nÂ, s]m-Xp-J-P-\m-hnÂ-\n-¶p \m-Sn-sâ k-¼-¯-{X-bpw tImÀ-¸-td-äp-IÄ-¡phm-cn-t¡m-cn-s¡m-Sp-¯-Xpw A-Xv A-ta-cn-¡³ `-c-

W-Iq-S-s¯- -s¶ ho-gv-¯n-b-Xpw \mw I-p.-


13

\n-c-Xv-\-bpw B-b s]m-Xp-ta-J-em-¡-¼-\n-I-sf-Ãmw hn-ä-gn-¡p-I-bpw Ip-¯-I-IÄ-¡p Z-i-e-£-¡-W-¡n-\p tIm-Sn-bp-sS \n-Ip-Xn-bn-f-hp-I-fpw B-\p-Iq-ey-§-fpw \-ev-Ip-I-bpw AÀ-l-am-b \n-Ip-Xn-IÄ-X-s¶ A-h-cnÂ-\n-¶p ]n-cn-s -Sp-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw H-s¡ sN-bv-Xn-«v hn-I-k-\-¯n-\pw t£-a-¯n-\pw [\w \-ev-Im³ ]-Ww Im-bv-¡p-¶ a-c-an-sÃ¶p ]-cn-l-kn-¡p-¶ X-tâ-S-hpw ]p-Ñ-hpw Cu X-Xz-im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ H-cp m-hm-hn-jv-¡m-cw am-{X-am-Wv.-

F-®-bp-sS hn-e-\n-b-{´-Ww \o-¡n-b-Xpw s]m-Xp-hn-]-Wn-bnÂ-\n-¶p ]n-·m-dp-¶-Xpw td-j³ ]-cn-an-X-s -Sp- p-¶-Xpw _m-¦p-h-gn-bp-Å k-_v-kn-Un-hn-X-c-W-¯n-sâ t]-cnÂ s]m-Xp-hn-]-Wn-sb A-{]-k-à-am-¡p-¶-Xpw P-\-§-sf Xp-d-¶ hn-]-Wn-bn-te-¡v F-dn-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xpw]m-N-I-hm-X-Iw ]-cn-an-X-s¸-Sp- p-¶-Xpw A-Xn-sâ k-_v-kn-Un F-Sp-¯p-I-f-bp-¶-Xpw F-Ãm-¯-cw k-_v-kn-Un-I-fpw C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xpw Ip-Sn-sh-Åw-h-sc hn-ev-]-\- -c-¡m-¡p-¶-Xpw ssh-Zyp-Xn-t_mÀ-Up-I-sf hn- -Pn-¨p I-¼-\n-bm-¡m-\pw kz-Im-cy-h-Xv-¡-cn-¡m-\pw \n-c-¡p-IÄ Iq-«m-\pw \nÀ-º-Ôn-¡p-¶-Xpw s]m-Xp-K-Xm-K-X-kw-hn-[m-\-§-sf-sb-Ãmw X-IÀ-¡p-¶ X-c-¯nÂ h-en-b D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä F-¶ t]-cnÂ {Sm³-kv-t]mÀ-«v tImÀ-¸-td-j-\p-I-tfm-Spw d-bnÂ-th-tbm-Spw Uo-k-en-\v A-[n-I-hn-e Cu-Sm-¡p-¶-Xpw Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J Xm-gv-¯n-h-c-bv-¡p-¶-Xpw hn-e-¡-b-äw \n-b-{ń-¡m-sX ]q-gv-¯n-h-bv-]p-ImÀ-¡pw I-cn-©- -¡mÀ-¡pw ]p-Xn-b Nn-Ã-d-hn-ev-]-\-¡p- -I-IÄ-¡pw H-¯m-i sN-¿p-¶-Xpw F-Ãm \n-b-{´-W-§-fpw C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xpw F-Ãm D- -c-hm-Zn-¯-§-fnÂ-\n-¶pw kÀ-¡mÀ H-gn-bp-¶-Xpw s]³-j-\-h-Im-iw C-Ãm-Xm-¡n tIm-{n-_yq-«-dn B-¡p-¶-Xpw F-Ãm-sa-Ãmw C-tX \-b-¯n-sâ B-hn-jv-¡m-c-§Ä X-s¶.-

C-h H-¶p-t]m-epw F-\n-t¡m \n-§Ä-t¡m Zp-cn -X-a-Ãm-sX Kp-W-sam-¶pw sN-bv-Xn-«n -Ã-tÃm? A-t¸mÄcm-Py-s¯ P-\-§Ä-¡mÀ-¡pw H-cp Kp-W-hpw sN-¿m-¯, tZm-j-§Ä am-{Xw sN-¿p-¶, Cu \-b-§Ä \-S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xv F-ń-\m-Wv? BÀ-¡p-th-n-bm-Wv?

aq-e-[-\- n-sâ ]p-Xn-b A-h-Xm-cw

tImÀ-¸-td-äv aq-e-[-\-¯n-sâ kz-`m-h-hn-ti-j-§-sf- -än [m-cm-fw ]T-\-§Ä \-S-¶n-«p-v. A-h-sb-Ãmw sh-fn-hm-¡p-¶ Nn-e {Iq-c-am-b, o-Xn-Z-am-b, k-Xy-§-fp-v.-

em-`- n-\p-th-n-bp-f-f a-Õ-cm-[n-jvTn-X k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø-bm-Wv ap-X-em-fn-¯w. N-c-¡p hn-ev-¡p-t¼mÄ In-«p-¶ B-Zm-b-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p am-{X-am-Wp ap-X-em-fn-bp-sS Nn-´. B N-c-¡p-I-tfm A-h-bv-¡m-bp-f-f D-ev-]m-Z-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\-tam k-aq-l-¯n-tem {]-Ir-Xn-bn-tem F-´p {]-Xym-Lm-Xw kr-ãn-¡pw F-¶-Xp ap-X-em-fn-¡p hn-j-b-a-Ã. C-{]-Im-cw, ap-X-em-fn-¯w ]-cn-Øn-Xn-hn-cp-²-am-b H-cp hy-h-Ø-bm-Wv. B hy-h-Ø-bv-¡p-ÅnÂ km-¼- n-Im-k-a-XzwIq-Sp-t´m-dpw ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I- -IÀ-¨ Iq-Sp-XÂ cq-£-am-Ip-¶p F-¶m-Wp ]p-Xn-b ]T-\-§Ä Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.-

Cu tImÀ- -td-äv aq-e-[-\-¯n-sâ {]-hÀ- -\-co-Xn-bpwA-Xp tem-I-¯p h-cp-¯n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶ am-ä-§-fpw Iq-Sn ]-cn-tim-[n-¡mw.-

ap-s¼-Ãmw `hn-I-k-\w F-¶p ]-d-ªn-cp-¶-hÀ C-¶v A-Xp am-än `h-fÀ-¨ (growth) F-¶m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. B-cp-sS h-fÀ-¨ F-¶p-am-{Xw tNm-Zn-¡-cp-Xv. aq-e-[-\-i-àn-IÄ-¡p h-fÀ- -bpw A-²zm-\-i-àn-IÄ-¡p X-fÀ-¨-bpw þ C-Xm-Wp \mw Im-Wp-¶-Xv.-

H-cp-Iq-«w [-\n-I-cp-sS D-]-t`m-Km-k-àn B-fn-¡-¯n-¡p-I; A-h-sb-Ãmw \n-d-th-äm³ ]-e-X-cw hm-bv- -IÄ \Â-Im³ [-\-Im-cy-Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v F-Ãm X-S-k-§-fpw \o-¡n kÀ-Æ-{X Xp-d-¶n-«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I; a-²y-hÀ-£-¯n-sâbp-àn-c-ln-X-hpw ho-p-hn-Nm-c-an-Ãm-¯-Xp-am-b D-]-t`m-Km-k-àn Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp- m-\m-bn kz-´w D-ev-]-¶-§-fpw

tk-h-\-§-fpw hn-äv B ]-W-a-{X-bpw ssI-¡-em-¡m-\pw]p-dw-cm-Py-§-fn-te-¡p I-S-¯n-s¡m-p-t]m-Im-\pw tImÀ-¸-td-äp-IÄ-¡v H-¯m-i sN-¿p-I;.-. -. A-hÀ-s¡-Ãmw A-Xn-\p-Å ku-I-cy-sam-cp-¡p-¶ s -kn-en-tä-äÀ F-¶-Xm-Wp`-c-W-Iq-S- n-sâ Zu-Xyw F-¶v F-Ãm-h-cpw-Iq-Sn ]p-\À-\nÀ-h-Nn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. amÀ-K-d-äv Xm- -dpw _p-jpw Iq-Sn sIm-p-h-¶ h-Xv-¡-c-W A-P--I-fn-eq-sS \-½-sf-sb-Ãmw ]Tn-¸n- -Xv A-Xm-W-tÃm.-

`-c-W-¯n-sâ ]p-Xn-b A-h-Xm-cw

A-Xp-h-sc -c-Ww a-säm-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. Z-cn-{ZÀ-¡pw km-[m-c-W-¡mÀ-¡pw Po-hn-Xw sa-¨-s -Sp-¯m³ th- ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ X-¿m-dm-¡n \-S-¸m-¡p-I, A-h-sc a-äp-Å-h-cp-sSNq-j-W-¯nÂ-\n-¶p c-£n-¡p-I, hn-e-¡-b-äw t]m-ep-Å{]-Xn-k-Ôn-I-fnÂ-\n-¶v A-h-sc c-£n-¡m-\p-Å hn-]-Wn-\n-b-{´-W-§Ä \-S-¸m-¡p-I, s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-Ww -e-{]-Z-am-¡p-I, sXm-gn-en-Ãm-¯-hÀ-¡p sXm-gnÂ kr-ãn-¨p \Â-Ip-I, sXm-gnÂ sN-¿m³ I-gn-bm-¯-hÀ-¡p t£-a-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ sIm-p-h-cn-I, km-aq-ln-I-hpw km-¼-¯n-I-hp-am-b A-k-a-Xzw C-Ãm-Xm-¡m-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-IÄ F-Sp-¡p-I,F-Ãm-hÀ-¡pw Po-hn-¡m-\pw hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sm-\pw B-tcm-Kyw kw-c-£n-¡m-\pw k-©-cn-¡m-\pw sh-Å- n-\pwsh-fn- - n-\p-sam-s¡ s]m-Xp-ku-I-cy-§Ä H-cp-¡p-I Xp-S-§n-b H-t«-sd Im-cy-§Ä B-bn-cp-¶p `-c-W-¯n-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§Ä.-

F-¶mÂ, h-Xv-¡-c-W §-fp-sS h-c-thm-sS C-sX-Ãmw


14

]p-Xn-b-\-b-§-fp-sS H-cp {]-ap-J-L-S-Iw t£-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡p \-ev-Ip-¶ Du-¶-em-Wv. G-Xm-vF-Ãm cm-Py-§-fn-epw C-S-Xp-]-£-¯n-\p Io-gnÂ Zm-

cn-{Zy-¯nÂ K-Wy-am-b Ip-d-hp-m-bn-«p-v. D-dp-tKz-bnÂ Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS F-®w 32 i-X-am-\-¯nÂ-\n-¶v 20i-X-am-\-am-bn Xm-Wp. AÀ-Pâo-\-bnÂ ]-¯p-hÀ-

jw sIm-v Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS i-X-am-\w 50 Â-\n-¶v 15 B-bn Ip-d-ªp. C-§-s\ Hm-tcm cm-Py-¯pw.

D-t]-£n-¡p-I-bpw Im-cy-§Ä Xo-cp-am-\n-¡m-\p-Å A-[n-Im-cw hn-]-Wn-¡p hn-«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bpw B hn-]-Wn-bnÂb-tY-ãw F-´p tXm-¶ym-k-hpw sN-¿m³ tImÀ- -td-äp-IÄ-¡v kzm-X-{ýw \Â-Ip-I-bpw A-Xn-s\-Ãmw \n-b-a-]-cn-c-£ D-m-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-s\ tNm-Zyw sN-¿p-¶-h-scA-Sn- -aÀ-¯m-\p-Å D-]m-[n-bm-bn kÀ-¡mÀ-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ I-¦m-Wn-I-fm-bn an-¡ cm-Py-§-fn-se-bpw -c-W-Iq-S-§Ä am-dn.-

H-cm-fp-sS em-`w H-cp-]m-Sp-t]-cp-sS \-ãw B-W-tÃm.A-Xp-sIm-v, em-`w D-m-¡p-¶-Xn-\v C-¶-se-h-sc ap-X-em-fn-¯w X-s¶ \n-b-{´-W-§Ä GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p.F-¶mÂ C-¶v B \n-b-{´-W-sa-Ãmw F-Sp- p-I-f-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p!

kz-´w cm-Py-s¯ a-lm-`q-cn-]-£-s¯ C-§-s\ Iq-«n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p h-en-b, \-½p-sS-sbm-s¡ k-¦-ev-]- n-\v A-Xo-X-am-b, {]-Xn- -e-§Ä ]-e -c-W-Iq-S-§-fpw ssI-¸-än-b-Xn-sâ A-gn-a-Xn-¡-Y-IÄ F-{X-tbm \mw tI-«p! ho-pw `-c-Ww In-«n-bn-sÃ-¦n-epw th-n-Ã, A-¨m-cw h-§n-b Im-cy-§Ä F-§-s\-bpw \-S-¸m-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-I F-¶ hm-in-bn-em-Wp ]-e cm-Py-s¯-bpw `-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä.tem-I-am-sI h-f-cp-¶ {]-t£m-`-§Ä C-Xm-Wp km-£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.-

C-hÀ ]-d-bp-¶ `h-fÀ-¨ (growth) Cu tImÀ-¸-td-äp-I-fp-sS h-fÀ- -bm-Wv. h-fÀ- bnÂ km-[m-c-W-P-\-§Ä

C-Ã F-¶-Xn-sâ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-em-Wv A-Sp- -Im-e-¯m-bn {]-tbm-Kn- p-Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-Å DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶ h-fÀ-(inclusive growth). F-t´m H-cp Z-bm-Zm-£n-Wyw t]m-se \-½-sf-¡q-Sn DÄ-s¡m-Åm-sa-¶v!

Cu DÄ-s¡m-ÅÂ h-fÀ-¨bpw k-Xy-¯nÂ tImÀ-¸-td-äp-IÄ-¡p Kp-W-ap-m-¡m-\p-Å GÀ-¸m-Sp-I-fm-sW-¶v ]-e \-S-]-Sn -I-fpw hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. ]-«n -Wn-¡m-cm-b Ip-«n -IÄ-¡pw A-½-amÀ-¡pw A-¦-W-hm-Sn -I-fn -eq-sS B-lm-cw sIm-Sp-¡m-\p-Å ]-²-Xn ]m-bv -¡-äv `-£-W-¯n-te-¡p am-än h³ hn-e \n-Ý-bn-¨vh³-In-S I-¼-\n-I-sf GÂ-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv! \-½p-sSB-tcm-Ky C³-jp-d³-kv ]-²-Xn dn -e-b³-kv km-¼-¯n-I Øm-]-\-s¯ G-ev -]n -¨-Xpw A-tX-¯p-SÀ-¶vA-hÀ-¡v B-Zm-bw Iq-Sp-XÂ In-«-¯-¡-hn-[w ]m-h-§-fp-sS Nn-In-Õm-[-\-k-lm-bw ]-cn-an -X-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xpw \-½p-sS I-×p-¶n-ep-Å k-Xyw. A-§-s\ t£-a-]-²-Xn-I-f-S-¡w F-Ãmw _n-kn-\-kv A-h-k-c-§ÄB-¡p-I-bm-Wv. -

C-Xp \-ap-¡p th-; ]n-s¶.-.-.-?

Cu hn-I-k-\w F-\n-¡p kzo-Im-cy-a-Ã. \n-§Ä-¡pwkzo-I-cn-¡m-\m-Ipw F-¶p I-cp-Xp-¶n-Ã. A-t¸mÄ-¸n-s¶F-§-s\ B-bn-cn-¡-Ww hn-I-k-\w? A-Xn-\p Ku-c-h-am-b NÀ- -I-fpw ]T-\-§-fpw B-h-iy-ap-v. hy-à-hpw ^-e-{]-Z-hpw a-lm-`q-cn-]-£- n-\pw kzo-Im-cy-hp-am-b _-ZÂhn-I-k-\-k-¦-ev-]w B-hn-jv-¡-cn- p ap-t¶m-«p h-bv-t¡--Xp-v.-

tI-c-f-¯nÂ am-{X-a-Ã, tem-I- n-sâ \m-\m-`m-K-§-fn-epw C- -cw A-t\z-j-W-§-fpw ]-co-£-W-§-fpw \-S-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv B-th-i-I-c-am-b Im-cyw. e-¯o-\-ta-cn-¡³ cm-Py-§-fn-se ]-co-£-W-§-fm-Wv C-¶v G-sd NÀ-¨-sN-¿-s -Sp-¶-Xv.-

\n-tbm-en-_-dÂ \-b-§-sf X-f-fn- -d-bp-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv B cm-Py-§-fn-se ]-co-£-W-§-fp-sS-sb-Ãmw s]m-Xp-k-hn-ti-j-X. kz-Im-cy-h-ev-¡-c-Ww A-h-km-\n-¸n-¨p F-¶p am-{X-a-Ã, Nn-e cm-Py-§Ä tZ-i-km-ev-¡-c-W \-S-]-Sn-IÄ kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. I-t¼m-f-s¯ kÀ-Æ-kz-X-{´-am-bn hn-Sp-¶-Xn-t\m-Sv C-hÀ tbm-Pn-¡p-¶n-Ã.-

]p-Xn-b-\-b-§-fp-sS H-cp {]-ap-J-L-S-Iw t£-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡p \-ev-Ip-¶ Du-¶-em-Wv. G-Xm-v F-Ãmcm-Py-§-fn-epw C-S-Xp-]-£-¯n-\p Io-gnÂ Zm-cn-{Zy-¯nÂK-Wy-am-b Ip-d-hp-m-bn-«p-v. D-dp-tKz-bnÂ Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS F-®w 32 i-X-am-\-¯nÂ-\n-¶v 20 i-X-am-\-am-bn Xm-Wp.AÀ-Pâo-\-bnÂ ]- p-hÀ-jw sIm-v Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS i-X-am-\w 50 Â-\n-¶v 15 B-bn Ip-d-ªp. C-§-s\ Hm-tcm cm-Py-¯pw. (tc-J Xm-gv-¯n h-c-¨n-«-Ã, tI-t«m.-)

D-ev-]-¶w D-m-¡n-bn-«p ]-c-ky-tIm-em-l-e-¯n-eq-sSB-h-iy-t_m-[w kr-ãn-¡p-¶ ap-X-em-fn-¯-co-Xn-¡p ]-I-cw B-h-iyw \nÀ-®-bn-¨v A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v D-ev-]m-Z-\w{I-a-s -Sp-¯p-I-bpw B D-ev-]m-Z-\w-X-s¶ km-aq-ln-I-am-bn \-S-¯p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b k-{¼-Zm-b-hpw A-hn-sS D-cp-¯n-cn-ªp-h-cp-¶p.-

e- o³ A-ta-cn-¡-bnÂ C-¶p \-S-¡p-¶ G-ä-hpw {i-t²-b-am-b P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-co-£-Ww A-[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-am-Wv. {_-ko-en-se hÀ-t¡-gv-kv ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS H-cp {]-[m-\ cm-{ão-b ]-cn-]m-Sn B-bn-cp-¶p A-[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-Ww. ap-\n-kn- Â sX-c-sª-Sp-¸p-I-fn-se hn-P-b-§-fpw A-hn-sS \-S- m-¡n-b ]-cn-jv-Im-c-§-fp-am-Wv hÀ-t¡-gv-kv ]mÀ-«n-sb tZ-io-b-{i-²-bnÂ sIm-p-h-¶ H-cp L-S-Iw.-

C-XnÂ t]mÀ-t«m A-se-{K \-K-c-¯n-se ]-¦m-fn-¯-_-P-än-Mv ]-co-£-Ww tem-I-{i-² t\-Sn. tI-c-f-¯nÂ\-S-¸m-¡n-b P-\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-¯n-\p k-am-\-am-b H-cp]-cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu A-\p- -h- n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\- nÂ

]-¦m-fn-¯-_-P-än-Mv- a-äp ap-\n-kn-¸m-en-än-I-fn-te-¡pw hym-]n-¸n-¨p. C-¶v H-s«-Ãm e- o³ A-ta-cn-¡³ cm-Py-§-fn-epw A-[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-¯n-eq-sS P-\m-[n-]-Xy-s¯Iq-Sp-XÂ AÀ-Y-h-¯m-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f H-t«-sd {i-t²-b-am-b ]-co-£-W-§Ä \-S-¡p-¶p.-

B-tKm-f km-¼-¯n-I {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bp-sS cq-£-X Xm-c-X-tay-\ e- o³ A-ta-cn-¡-bnÂ Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-¶p. C-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww ]p-Xn-b \-b-§-fm-Wv F-¶m-Wp I-cp-Xp-¶-Xv.-e-¯o³ A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se ]-e ]mÀ-«n-I-fpw t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b-\p-I-fp-am-bn k-Po-h-_-Ôw ]p-eÀ-¯p ¶-h-bm-Wv.ImÀ-jn-]-I-]-cn-jv-Im-cw Cu ]mÀ-«n-I-I-fp-sS Im-cy-]-cn-


15

]m-Sn-bnÂ {]-ap-J-am-Wv. C-h-bp-sS-sbm-s¡ -e-am-bn F-Ãm cm-Py-§-fn-epw sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw Ir-jn-¡m-cp-sS-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-ti-jn-bnÂ {i-t²-b-am-b ]p-tcm-K-XnD-m-bn-«p-v.-

Cu cm-Py-§-fn-se-Ãmw Im-em-Im-e-§-fnÂ Ir-Xy-am-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¸p \-S-¡p-¶p, {]-Xn-]-£w k-Po-h-am-bn{]-hÀ- n-¡p-¶p, hn-im-e-ap-¶-Wn-I-fm-Wp q-cn-]-£w Ø-e- pw -c-Ww \-S- p-¶-Xv, cm-{ão-b-am-b _-lp-kz-c-X-sb Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶p.-

B-tKm-fo-Ir-X-k-aq-l-¯nÂ A-Xn-sâ kzm-[o-\-§-fnÂ-\n-s¶-Ãmw kz-X-{´-am-b km-¼-¯n-I-cm-{ão-b-{I-awsI-«n- -Sp-¡p-I F-¶-Xv A-{X e-fn-X-tam kp-km-²y-tamA-Ã. G-sX-¦n-epw Xp-cp-¯p-IÄ-¡p am-{X-am-bn C-Xp cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n \n-e-\nÀ-¯m-\pw _p-²n-ap-«m-Wv.-

F-¶mÂ tem-I-¯n-sâ ]-e tIm-Wp-I-fn-epw C-¯-cw Nn- m-K-Xn-IÄ i-àn-s¸-Sp-I-bpw X-\-Xm-b am-Xr-I-IÄ I-cp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw A-\p-`-h-§Ä ]-c-kv-]-cw ]-¦p-h-bv-¡p-I-bpw H-s¡ sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v, ZoÀ-L-Im-ew sIm-m-sW-¦n-epw, tem-I-{I-aw am-än-sb-gp-Xm-\m-Ipw F-¶p\mw {]-Xym-in-t¨ a-Xn-bm-Iq. B {]-Xym-i-sIm-t \-ap-¡p ap-t¶m-«p t]m-Im-\m-Iq. B h-gn-¡p-Å ]-cn-{i-a-§-fnÂ h-en-b kw-`m-h-\ \Â-Im³ sI-ev-]p-Å H-cp k-aq-

C-Xp \-ap-s¡m-¶p a-dn-¨n-Smw

A-t¸mÄ G-Xm-v C-§-s\ h-cpw. (C-Xp h-f-sc hy-àn-]-c-am-b H-cp B-i-b-am-Wv): Ip-«n-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-hpw hr-²-cp-sS ]-cn-]m-e-\-hpw F-Ãm-h-cp-sS-bpw B-tcm-Ky-hpw hn-t\m-Z-hpw F-Ãmw I-W-¡n-se-Sp- v Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_- n-\pw Po-hn-¡m³ th- A-Sn-Øm-\ Im-cy-§Ä\nÀ-®-bn-¡p-I; A-Xn-\v F-{X ]-Ww th-Ww F-¶p Xn-«-s¸-Sp- p-I; A-{X-bpw ]-Ww B Ip-Spw-_- n-\p In-«-W-sa-¦nÂ A-hn-S-s¯ B-tcm-Ky-ap-Å F-{X-t]À-¡v F-{X th-X-\-¯nÂ sXm-gnÂ \Â-I-W-sa-¶p Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I; B I-W-¡n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Hm-tcm {]-tZ-i-¯pw sXm-gnÂ kr-ãn-¡p-I C-Xv B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâ

l-am-Wp \-½p-tS-Xv. \n-c-h-[n tem-tIm-¯-c-am-Xr-I-IÄkr-ãn-¨n-«p-Å \-ap-¡p X-\-Xm-b hn-I-k-\-am-Xr-I tem-I- n-\p Im-gv-N-h-bv-¡m³ B-Ipw. A-Xn-\p-Å ]-cn-{i-a-§Ä ]-e-h-gn-¡pw \-S-¡p-¶p-v.-

F-§-s\ B-bn-cn-¡-Ww \-½p-sS hn-I-k-\w?

F-\n-¡p tXm-¶p-¶p H-cp Zzn-ap-J-X-{´-am-Wv C-¡m-cy-¯nÂ th--sX-¶v.-

C-¶-s¯ A-Xym-]-ev-¡-c-am-b km-l-N-cy-¯nÂ Po-hn-Xw h-gn-ap-«n-b P-\-hn-`m-K-§Ä-¡p Xm-ev-¡m-en-Im-izm-kw e- y-am-t¡--Xp-v. A-Xp ]-s£, Cu A-h-Ø-bp-sS cm-{ão-bw A-h-sc t_m-²y-s -Sp-¯n-s¡m-pw A-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-b k-a-c-¯nÂ A-Wn-\n-c-¯n-s¡m-pw B-I-Ww. A-sÃ-¦nÂ A-Xp \mw B-{K-ln-¡p-¶ km-aq-ln-I-am-ä-s¯ {]-Xn-Iq-e-am-bn _m-[n-¡pw. Cu Xm-ev-¡m-en-I \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-s¡m-¸w \nÀ-Æ-ln-t¡- A-Sn-Øm-\-]-c-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv A-Xn-{]-[m-\w.-

C-¶p-Å F-Ãm {]-iv-\-§Ä-¡pw Im-c-Ww [-\n-I-s\-bpw Z-cn-{Z-s\-bpw kr-ãn-¡p-¶, H-cp-Iq-«-cp-sS A-²zm-\wNq-j-Ww sN-¿p-¶, [-\n-I-þ-Z-cn-{Z A-´-cw h-fÀ-¯p-¶,ap-X-em-fn-¯-am-sW-¶p \mw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ,bp-àn-k-l-am-b Im-cyw, A-§n-s\-b-Ãm-¯ H-cp _-ZÂD-ev-]m-Z-\-km-¼-¯n-I-{I-aw ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-¡p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xp ZoÀ-L-Im-e-e-£y-am-bn \n-Ý-bn- p-sIm--Ãm-sX XmÂ-¡m-en-I-am-bn sN-¿p-¶ F-´pw ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ Zp-c-´-§Ä e-Lq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶ ssh-cp-²y-§Ä aqÀ-Ñn-¨v A-Xp kz-bw X-I-cp-¶-Xn-\p-Å km-²y-X-IÄ C-Ãm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xpw B-bn-cn-¡pw. F-¶p-h-¨mÂ,ap-X-em-fn- -s¯ kw-c-£n- p-\nÀ- p-¶ {]-hr- n-IÄ B-bn-cn-¡pw A-Xn-\p-ÅnÂ-\n-¶p-sIm-p \-S-¯p-¶ ]-cn-jv-¡m-c-§Ä F-¶v.-

A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶, ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-\p _-ZÂ hn-I-kn- n-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \n-e-hn-ep-Å hy-h-Ø-sb B_-Z-en-te-¡p ]-cn-hÀ-¯n-¸n-¡m-\p-Å ]-cn-]m-Sn D-m-tI-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. A-¼-Xp sIm-Ãw? \q-dp-sIm-Ãw? A-tXm,sh-dpw ]- p sIm-Ãw?

H-Iyp-ss¸ k-a-c-§Ä, ap-Ã- q hn-¹-h-§Ä, cm-Py-§Äkv-Xw-`n-¡p-¶ ]-Wn-ap-S-¡-§Ä, \-h-am-²y-a-§-fn-se B-lzm-\w am-{Xw tI-«p sX-cp-hp-I-fn-te-¡v H-gp-In-sb-¯p-¶ P-\-a-lm-k-ap-{Z-§Ä am-ä- n-\m-bn {]-I-Sn- n-¡p-¶ A-Z-ay-am-b B-{K-lw, A-h-cp-sS Xym-K-k-¶-²-X, tem-I-sa-§p-ap-Å a-lm-`q-cn-]-£-¯n-sâ Po-hn-Xw Zpx-Ê-l-am-Ip-¶-Xv, aq-e-[-\-i-àn-IÄ Zp-c-aq-¯p Im-«n-¡q-«p-¶ Nq-j-W-hpw hn-`-h-\-io-I-c-W-hpw [-\w Ip-¶p-Iq-«-epw A-gn-a-Xn-I-fpw, -c-W-Iq-S-§Ä P-\-hn-cp-²-cm-b tImÀ- -td-äv-Z-Ãm-fp-I-fm-sW-¶p kz-bw {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶-Xv, C-¶-s¯ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nÂ P-\-§-fp-sS hn-izm-kw \-ã-s¸-Sp-¶-XvH-s¡ Im-Wp-t¼mÄ am-äw G-sd A-I-se-bm-hn-sÃ-¶p-X-s¶ tXm-¶n-t¸m-Ip-¶p.-

ap-s¼-Ãmw tPm-en-sbm-gn-hv F-¶ co-Xn-bnÂ B-bn-cp-¶p sXm-gnÂ- -c-ky-§Ä. F-¶m-en-¶v, ¹w-_n-Mv ssh-Z-Kv-²y-ap-Å H-cmÄ-¡p sXm-gnÂ B-h-iy-ap-v F-¶ a-«n-ep-Å X-e-Xn-cn-ª ]-c-ky-§-fpw h-¶p-Xp-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C-Xp-t]m-se, B-kq-{X-Ww H-¶p X-e-Io-gv a-dn-¨n-«mÂ \-sÃm-cp am-Xr-I D-m-hn-tÃ?

hy-h-km-bn-IÄ ]p-Xn-b D-ev-]-¶-§Ä hn-I-kn- n-¡p-¶p; A-Xv F-{X D-ev-]m-Zn-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶v A-hÀ Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶p; A-Xp P-\-§-sf-s¡m-p hm-§n-¸n-¡m³ F-{X]-c-kyw sN-¿-W-sa-¶p Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶p; A-Xn-s\-Ãm-ap-Å sN-e-hp-I-fpw tNÀ-¯p hn-e \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶p; A-Xp\-½-sf-s¡m-s-Ãmw hm-§n-¸n-¨p ]-Ww t\-Sp-¶p; sIm-Å-em-`w t\-Sp-¶p; C-Xn-s\-Ãm-ap-Å ku-I-cy-§Ä -c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w H-cp-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶p C-Xm-W-tÃm C-¶-s¯ co-Xn.-


16

H-cp X-ew.-C-§-s\ k-aq-l- n-sâ s]m-Xp-hm-b B-h-iy-§Ä

Xn-«-s -Sp-¯n-bmÂ A-Xn-\p-th- km-[-\-§-fpw tk-h-\-§-fpw km-aq-ln-I-am-bn D-ev-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-I. em-`w ]qÀ-®-am-bpw H-gn-hm-¡n-s¡m-p-Å D-ev-]m-Z-\-hn-X-c-W k-{¼-Zm-bw. tI-{µo-Ir-X-am-b D-ev-]m-Z-\-kw-hn-[m-\w B-h-iy-ap-Å Im-cy-§Ä kv-tä-än-sâ D-S-a-Ø-X-bnÂ s]m-Xp-ta-J-e-bnÂ D-ev-]m-Zn- n-¡p-I. C-Xn-\p-Å kw-hn-[m-\-§Äkp-Xm-cy-hpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hpw I-gn-bp-¶-{X hn-tI-{µo-Ir-X-hp-am-bn B-hn-jv-¡-cn-t¡--Xp-v.-

H- w ]-W-kzm-[o-\-¯nÂ-\n-¶p ap-à-am-b b-YmÀ-°P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hpw I-cp- n-Sn- n-¡-Ww. \-½p-sS {Km-a-k- -IÄC-Xn-sâ _m-e-hm-Sn-I-fm-bn \-ap-¡p am-än- oÀ-¡m-\m-Ipw.hn-I-k-\w A-kq-{X-Ww sN-¿p-I-bpw hn-hn-[ ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS Kp-W-t`m-àm-¡-sf sX-c-sª-Sp-¡p-I-bpw hn-I-k-\-þ-\nÀ-½m-W-]-²-Xn-IÄ G-sä-Sp- p kp-Xm-cy-am-bpw P-\-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯m-sS-bpw \-S-¸m-¡p-I-bpw I-W-¡p-IÄP-\-§-sf A- -t¸mÄ t_m-²y-s -Sp- p-I-bpw H-s¡ sN-bv-Xp tem-tIm-¯-c-am-b am-Xr-I kr-ãn-¨ \-½p-sS {Km-a-k- -IÄ X-ev-¡m-ew h-Ôy-¦-cn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-I B-sW-¦n-epw ]qÀ-Æm-[n-Iw i-à-am-b H-cp ]p-\À-Ö-\n A-km-²y-sam-¶p-a-Ã.-

H-cp \n-tbm-P-I-a-Þ-e-¯n-se sam-¯w {Km-a-k- -I-fnÂ \n-Ýn-X i-X-am-\w k- -IÄ \n-Ýn-X tIzm-d-t¯m-sS tbm-Kw Iq-Sn X-§-fp-sS P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-bnÂ A-hn-izm-kw tc-J-s¸-Sp- n -bmÂ B Aw-K-s¯ Xn-cn-¨p-hn-fn-¡m-\p-Å d-^-d-w (thm-s«-Sp- v) \-S-¯m-\p-Å \n-b-a-hy-h-Ø D-m-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ C-¶-s¯ D- -c-hm-Zn-¯-c-ln-X-am-b _qÀ-jzm-P-\m-[n-]-Xyw AÀ-°-h-¯pw P-\-§-fp-sS \n-b-{´-Ww D-Å-Xpw B-bn am-dn-tÃ? Hm-tcm\-b-hpw ]-cn-]m-Sn-bpw P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-k- -IÄ Aw-Ko-I-cn-

¡pw-ap-¼v {Km-a-k- -I-fnÂ A-h-X-cn-¸n- v Aw-Ko-Im-cw t\-Sp-¶ co-Xn F-{X-tbm AÀ-°-k-¼p-ã-am-Wv!

C-sXm-¶pw \-S-¡m-¯ Im-cyw B-sW-¶p Rm³ I-cp-Xp-¶n-Ã. Im-c-Ww, C-cp-«n-sh-fp-¡p-t¼mÄ A-h-km-\n-¡p-¶-X-Ã-tÃm tem-Iw. A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ A-¿m-bn-c-tam B-dm-bn-c-tam sIm-Ã-s¯ N-cn-{X-¯nÂ kw-`-hn-¨ hn-¹-h-I-c-am-b am-ä-§-sfm-s¡ D-m-Ip-sa-¶v A-Xn-\p sXm-«p-ap-¼-s¯ X-e-ap-d-IÄ I-cp-Xn-bn-«p-m-Ip-tam? A-Sn-a-¯wA-h-km-\n-¡p-sa-¶v, P-·n-¯w A-h-km-\n-¡p-sa-¶v, cm-P- -c-Ww P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-\p h-gn-am-dp-sa-¶v, km-{am-Py-§-fp-sS tIm-f-\n-hm-gv-N A-h-km-\n-¡p-sa-¶v, Pm-Xn-hy-h-ØX-I-cp-sa-¶v, H-s¡ A-X-Xp hy-h-Øn-Xn-IÄ X-I-cp-¶-Xn-


17

Kw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶, am-ä-¯n-sâ B-i-b-§Ä hn-I-kn- n-¡m-\pw {]-N-cn- n-¡m-\pw A-XnÂ B-Ir-ã-cm-Ip-¶ P-\-X-sb kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨p am-ä-¯n-te-¡p \-bn-¡m-\p-sam-s¡ ap-¼-s¯-¡mÄ th-Kw km-[n-¡pw. am-ä-¯n-\p Xn-cn sIm-fp- n-bmÂ A-Xv A-Xn-th-Kw ]-SÀ-¶p-]n-Sn-¡pw.-

C-¡m-e-a-{X-bpw am-ä-¯n-sâ e-£y-am-bpw amÀ-£-am-bpw \n-¶-Xp amÀ-Iv-kn-kw B-W-tÃm. tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-sâ X-IÀ-¨-bpw km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ B-tKm-fo-I-c-W-t¯-tcm-«-hpw A-Xn-sâ m-K-am-bn {]-N-cn- n-¡-s -« {]-Xn-tem-am-i-b-§-fpw \-h-en-_-dÂ B-i-b-§-fpw C-h _p-²n-Po-hn-I-fn-ep-m-b B-i-b-¡p-g- -hp-sa-Ãmw B {]-Xo-

\p ap-¼p-Å X-e-ap-d-IÄ kz-]v-\w t]m-epw I-n-«p-m-Ip-tam? A-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv, \m-sf tem-Iw F-§-s\-sb-Ãmw am-dp-sa-¶p \-ap-¡pw k-¦-ev-]n-¡m-\m-Im-¯-Xv. A-Xn-\À-°w tem-Iw am-dn-Ã F-¶-Ã-tÃm.-

hmÀ- m-hn-\n-a-b-hn-¹-hw tem-I-s¯ B-tKm-f-{Km-a-am-¡n am-än-bn-cn-¡p-¶ C-¶-s¯-¡m-e- p am-ä-§Ä-¡p th-

Ip-«n-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-hpw hr-²-cp-sS ]-cn-]m-e-\-hpw F-Ãm-h-cp-sS-bpw B-tcm-Ky-hpw hn-t\m-Z-hpw F-Ãmw I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\pw Po-hn-¡m³ th- A-Sn-Øm-\ Im-cy-§Ä \nÀ-®-bn-

¡p-I; A-Xn-\v F-{X ]-Ww th-Ww F-¶p Xn-«-s¸-Sp-¯p-I; A-{X-bpw ]-Ww B Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\p In-«-W-sa-¦nÂ A-hn-S-s¯ B-tcm-Ky-ap-Å F-{X-t]À-¡v F-{X th-X-\-¯nÂ sXm-gnÂ \Â-I-W-sa-¶p

Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I; B I-W-¡n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Hm-tcm {]-tZ-i-¯pw sXm-gnÂ kr-ãn-¡p-I

C-Xv B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâ H-cp X-ew-

£-bv-¡p-taÂ tIm-cn-bn-« sIm-Spw a-ªv ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-\p _-Z-en-Ã F-¶ a-{´-¯n-\p kzo-Im-cy-X G-än. A-Xm-Wp I-gn-ª ImÂ \q-äm-p \mw I--Xv. F-¶mÂ,C-¡-gn-ª Z-i-I-¯n-sâ c-mw ]m-Z-¯n-ep-m-b tem-I-am-µyw `amÀ-Iv-km-Wp i-cn F-¶ ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-¯n-\p]n-d-hn-bpw kzo-Im-cy-X-bpw \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tem-I-sa-


18

§pw amÀ-Iv-kv ho-pw ]Tn-¡-s -Sp-I-bm-Wv; A-tX-¸-än-bp-Å ]p-Xn-b Nn-´-IÄ D-b-cp-I-bm-Wv.-

\-ap-¡p sN-¿m³ ]-e-Xp-ap-v

k-a-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X-k-aq-l- n-te-¡p-Å ]-cn-Wm-a-¯n-\vG-Xp h-gn, G-tX-Xp ]-S-hp-IÄ F-s¶-Ãmw Xo-cp-am-\n-t¡--Xv A-X-Xp Im-e-¯n-\pw A-h-Ø-bv-¡pw tZ-i-¯n-\pw H-s¡ A-\p-k-cn-¨m-I-Ww.-

C-¡m-e-a-{X-bpw B h-gn-¡v A-Sn-Øm-\-]-c-am-bn H-cpap-t¶-äw D-m-bn-«p-tm? Nn-¡m-tKm-bn-se a-lm-c-à-km-£n-Xzw F-«p-a-Wn-¡q-dm-bn A-²zm-\w ]-cn-an-X-s -Sp-¯m-\pw H-¸w hn-{i-a-¯n-\pw hn-t\m-Z-¯n-\pw A-{X-bpw-ho-Xw k-a-bw t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\pw th-n B-bn-cp-¶-tÃm.H-t¶-ImÂ \q-äm-n-\p ti-j-hpw h-b-dp ]n-g-bv-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ sXm-gn-em-fn ]-¯pw ]-{´-pw A-Xn-e-[n-I-hpw a-Wn-¡qÀ ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡-Ww. B-[p-\n-I-sXm-gnÂ-ta-J-e-I-fnÂ-t¸m-epw \-Kv-\-am-b Nq-j-W-hpw A-Sn-a- -Wn-bp-am-Wv.im-kv-{X-km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fnÂ A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-b ap-t¶-äw D-m-bn-«pw A-²zm-\-`m-c-hpw A-²zm-\-k-a-b-hpwIp-d-bp-I-b-Ã, Iq-Sp-I-bm-Wv D-m-b-Xv. F-´p-sIm-v?

km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS h-fÀ- -bv-s¡m-¯p sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS A-²zm-\-k-a-bw Ip-d-bv-¡p-I-b-Ã, F-®w Ip-d-bv-¡p-I-bm-Wp ap-X-em-fn sN-¿p-¶-Xv. C-Xv sXm-gnÂ-hn-]-Wn-bnÂ A-²zm-\-ti-jn-bp-sS hn-e C-Sn-¡pw. A-tX-k-a-bw ap-X-em-fn em-`w Iq-«m³ ]p-Xn-b ta-J-e-IÄ I-s-¯pw. A-hn-sS Ip-d-ª hn-e-bnÂ A-²zm-\-ti-jn hm-§pw. Cu {]-{In-b A-\n-b-{´n-X-am-bn Xp-S-cpw. sXm-gnÂ-¡-t¼m-fw sXm-gnÂ-c-ln-X-cmÂ k-ar-²-am-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄF-s´-¦n-epw sXm-gnÂ In-«p-¶-hÀ A-Xp \-ã-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ F-{X Iq-Sp-XÂ k-a-b-hpw tPm-en-sN-¿m³ X-¿m-dm-Ipw. Cu co-Xn-¡v A-dp-Xn-h-cp- n-tb Xo-cq.-

A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶, km-¼-¯n-I-h-fÀ-¨ k-aq-l-¯n-em-sI D-m-Ip-t¼mÄ A-²zm-\-k-a-bw Ip-d-bp-¶-Xn-s\m-¸w I-em-þ-km-ln-Xy-þ-kmw-kv-¡m-cn-I cw-K-§-fn-sem-s¡h-en-b ap-t¶-äw D-m-tI--Xm-Wv. F-¶mÂ I-e-bpw kw-kv-¡m-c-hp-sa-Ãmw ap-X-em-fn-amÀ X-s¶ D-ev-]m-Zn-¸n-¨p hn-]-W-\w sN-¿p-I-bpw k-aq-l-s¯ A-h-bp-sS D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä am-{Xw B-¡p-I-bpw A-Xp-h-gn A-hÀ tIm-Sn-IÄsIm-¿p-I-bp-am-Wv. D-]-t`m-K-kw-kv-¡m-c- n-sâ h-fÀ- -bm-bm-Wp km-¼- n-I-h-fÀ-¨ ]-cn-hÀ-¯n-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xv. A-²zm-\- n-\p \ym-b-am-b {]-Xn- -ew \Â-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw\Â-Ip-¶-XnÂ \-Ã-]-¦pw ]-e-X-c-¯nÂ X-«n-sb-Sp-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv. Nq-j-Ww hÀ-²n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. C-Xpw am-d-Ww.-

D-ev-]m-Z-\w B-h-iym-[n-jvTn-X-hpw km-aq-ln-I-hpw B-


19

bn ]p-\x-{I-ao-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS am-{X-ta A-Xp km-²y-am-Iq. ]-s£, A-Xp km-²y-am-tb Xo-cq.-

A-Xp-sIm-v, A-§-s\-sbm-cp ZoÀ-L-Im-e-e-£yw h-¨p-sIm-v \n-e-hn-ep-Å hy-h-Øn-Xn-bnÂ A-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-b A-gn-¨p-]-Wn-IÄ \-S- p-I-bm-Wp th--Xv. A-¶-¶-s¯ km-²y-X-IÄ C-Xn-\p {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp- -Ww.A-Xp ap-X-em-fn-¯-s¯ ]m- v -hÀ-¡v sN-bv-Xp \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-I F-¶ e-£y-t¯m-sS B-I-cp-Xv; A-Xn-s\ D-S-¨p_-ZÂ XoÀ-¡p-I F-¶ e-£y-t¯m-sS B-I-Ww. A-Xn-\p-Å _-ZÂ-am-Xr-I-IÄ hn-I-kn-¸n-¨p-sIm-m-I-Ww.-

\mw tI-c-f- nÂ hn-I-kn- n- B-kq-{X-W-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-hpw P-\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-hpw {]-tXy-I D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b {Km-a-k- -bpw Ip-Spw-_-{io-bpw km-£-c-Xm-b-Ú-hpw q-]-cn-jv-¡-c-W-hpw ]mTy-]-²-Xn-]-cn-jv-¡-c-W-hpw H-s¡ am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b _-Z-ep-IÄ B-W-tÃm. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶-bm-Wv A-h-sbm-s¡ A-\y-kw-Øm-\-§Ä ]-IÀ-¯p-I-bpw cm-Py- n-\p ]p-d- p-Å-hÀ-t]m-epw h-¶p ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw H-s¡ sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

C-§-s\-bpw tem-I-s¯ am-äm-\m-In-tÃ? am-äw \n-b-X-am-b k-{¼-Zm-b-§-fn-eq-sS-bpw \-S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-fn-eq-sS-bpwam-{X-ta kw- -hn-¡q F-¶p I-cp-Xm-\m-hm-¯ tem-I-km-l-N-cy-§-fm-Wp \mw C-¶p Im-Wp-¶-Xv. ap-X-em-fn-¯w{]-hÀ-¯n-¡n-Ã (Capitalism doesn’t work) F-¶ ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ ]-dp-Zo-k-bnÂ, [-\-aq-e-[-\-¯n-sâ tem-I-X-e-Øm-\-am-b hmÄ-kv-{äo-änÂ-¯-s¶, D-b-cp-t¼mÄ, P-\-]-¦m-fn-¯-ap-Å P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ am-Xr-I-IÄ ]-e _qÀ-jzm-P-\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-Py-§-fn-epw sN-dp-ta-J-e-I-fn-se-¦n-epw ]-co-£n-¡-s -Sp-t¼mÄ, BÀ-¡pwH-¶pw X-Ån-¡-f-bm-\m-hn-Ã.-

thÄ-Uv tkm-jyÂ t^m-dw t]m-ep-Å s]m-Xp B-tKm-f th-Zn-IÄ C-¯-cw B-i-b-§-fp-sS ssI-am-ä-th-Zn-IÄ-Iq-Sn B-Wv. tem-I-am-sI _-Z-ep-IÄ-¡m-bn ]-e-X-cw A-t\z-j-W-§Ä \-S-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-\m-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw D-äp-t\m-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p.-

A-§n-s\-bp-Å am-Xr-I-IÄ h³-tXm-XnÂ kr-ãn-¡p-I-bpw tem-I-¯n-\m-sI kzo-Im-cy-am-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-IF-¶-Xm-Wv C-¶-s¯ A-Sn-b-´-c-I-S-a. tem-I-¯n-sâ ]-co-£-W-im-e-I-fnÂ H-¶m-b tI-c-f- n-\v C-XnÂ h-en-b]-¦p-v. `th-Ww a-säm-cp tI-c-fw F-¶pw a-äp-ap-Å ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä D-bÀ-¯n hn-hn-[ {]-Øm-\-§Ä Cu Zn-i-bn-ep-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-am-bn ap-t¶m-«p t]m-Ip-I-bp-am-Wv. Cu a-tlm-Zy-a-¯nÂ an-I-¨ kw-`m-h-\-IÄ sN-¿m³C-Sp-¡n Pn-Ã-bv-¡p I-gn-b-Ww. A-Xn-\p-Å h-en-b Xp-S-¡-am-I-s« Cu ]-cn-{i-aw.

\mw tI-c-f-¯nÂ hn-I-kn-¸n-¨ B-kq-{X-W-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-hpw P-\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-hpw {]-tXy-I D- -c-hm-Zn- -§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b {Km-a-k-`-bpw

Ip-Spw-_-{io-bpw km-£-c-Xm-b-Ú-hpw q-]-cn-jv-¡-c-W-hpw ]mTy-]-²-Xn-]-cn-jv-¡-c-W-hpw H-s¡

am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b _-Z-ep-IÄ B-W-tÃm. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶-bm-Wv A-h-sbm-s¡ A-\y-kw-

Øm-\-§Ä ]-IÀ-¯p-I-bpw cm-Py-¯n-\p ]p-d-¯p-Å-hÀ-t]m-epw h-¶p ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw H-s¡

sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

t¼m-fm-[n-jvTnX km¼- n-I-\-b-§Ä ]n´p-S-cp¶ hnI-knX cmPy-§-fnepw bqtdm-¸n-em-sIbpw _m[n¨ ISp¯ km¼- n-I {]Xn-kÔn XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. km¼- nI {Ib-hn-{I-b-¯nse £oWw kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS JP-\m-hn-s\bpw timjn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. kmaq-ly-t£-a-s¨-e-hp-I-fnepw kÀ¡mÀ Poh-\-¡m-cpsSi¼-f- nepw s]³j\nepw aäm-\p-Iq-ey-§-fnepw Ipdhp hcp¯n Cu {]Xn-k-Ôn-an-d-I-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv {iaw. CXn-s\-Xnsc henb{]t£m- -§-fmWv bqtdm-¸nepw aäv cmPy-§-fnepw \S-¡p-¶-Xv. CtX \bw cv ]Xn-äm-n -e -[n -I -ambn ]n´p-S -cp¶ C´y³kÀ¡mcpw h³In-S-¡mÀ¡v e£-¡-W-¡n\vtImSn cq]-bpsS Cf-hp-IÄ \ÂIp-t¼mÄ,sNehp Npcp-¡-ensâ t]cn-Â `£y-h-kvXp-¡Ä, kmaq-ly-kp-c-£, hfw, s]t{Sm-fnbwDÂ -¶-§Ä F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ k_vkn-Unbpwaäv kÀ¡mÀ sNe-hp-Ifpw Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. IqSmsX s]mXp-ta-J-em-Øm]\§Ä hnÂ¡p-¶-Xn\pw _m¦v, C³jp-d³kv, s]³j³, sNdp-InS hym]mcw XpS-

§nb taJ-e-I-fn-te¡v {]tXy£ hntZ-i-\n-t£]wkzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {ian-¡p-¶p. CXv e- nÂ ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bpsS XIÀ¨bv¡pw IÀjI Bß-l-Xy¡pwcmPy-¯nsâ kzm{i-bXzw \ã-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-te-¡p-amWv\bn-¡p-I.

tIc-f-¯nÂ 2001 Â F.-sI.-BâWn apJy-a-{´n-bmbncp¶-t¸mÄ Cu \b- nsâ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn v \S-¯nbkÀ¡mÀ \S-]-Sn-IÄ, Poh-\-¡m-cpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§ÄIh-cp-¶-Xn-te¡pw XÅn-hn-Sp-¶-Xn-te¡pw \bn- p. tIc-f- nsâ s]mXp-ta-J-em-Øm-]-\-§fpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-§fpw Btcm-Ky-Øm-]-\-§fpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-§fpwhbv¡p¶ ØnXn-bp-m-bn. AXn-s\-Xnsc DbÀ¶h³]n¨ {]t£m-`-§-fm-Wv B kÀ¡-cn-s\-¯s¶ amäntIc-fs¯ c£n-¡p¶Xn\v \nan- -am-b-Xv. XpSÀ¶v 2006Â A[n-Im-c-¯nÂ h¶ kÀ¡mÀ BtKm-f-hÂ¡-c-W-\-b-§Ä¡v _Z-epv F¶v {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw, kÀ¡mÀ{]hÀ -\-§fpw kmaq-ly-t£-a-{]-hÀ -\-§fpw s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw Hs¡ kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw hn]q-en-I-cn-¡p-IbpwsNbvXp. \nIpXn kam-l-c-W-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nÂ kÀh-Ime sdt¡mÀUv Øm]n-¨p. Cu {]hÀ¯-\-§-fnÂt\cn«v ]s¦-Sp¯ tIc-f-¯nse Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v, X§-fpsS Bßm-`n-am\w hÀ[n-¡p¶ Xc-¯nÂ hn`-h-k-am-

teJ\w . sI.-in-h-Ip-amÀ

I


20

l-cW cwK¯pw kmaq-ly-t£-a-{]-hÀ -\-§-fnepw CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\v km[n-¨p. A¡m-e¯v tIcfw km¼-¯nIhfÀ¨-bnepw {]Xn-ioÀj hcp-am-\-¯nepw cmPys¯ ap³\nc kwØm-\-§Äs¡m-¸-sa-¯p-Ibpw tZiobXe-¯nÂ AwKo -I -c n -¡-s¸-Sp -IbpwsNbvXp.

2011 Â A[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dnb bp.-Un.-F v kÀ¡mÀ kwØm-\s¯ hopw\h-en-_-dÂ \b-§Ä¡v Iogvs¸-Sp- p-¶-Xn-\mWv {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnsâ e-ambn tIcfw t\Snb kmaq-ly-t\-«-§Ä\ã-s -Sp¶ ØnXn-bn-te¡v \o§p-¶p.IÀjI Bß-lXy Xncn-¨p-h-cp-¶p,BZn-hm-kn-ta-J-e-bn-e-S¡w ]n©p-Ip-ªp-§Ä Ns¯m-Sp-§p-¶p, ]IÀ¨-hym-[n-IÄ kwØm-\¯v Xncn-s -¯p-¶p,]mh-s¸-«-hÀ¡v hoSpw shÅhpw shfn-¨hpw BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\-hp-a-S¡w ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn \ntj-[n-¡p-¶p. C.-Fw.-Fkv`h-\-]-²-Xn¡v XpI Is-¯m³kÀ¡m-cn\v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Cµnc BhmkvtbmP\ ]²-Xn-bn-epÅ hoSn\p In«p¶tI{µ-kw-Øm\ hnln-X-¯n\p ]pdsa\ÂtI XpI Is-¯p-¶-Xn\v Xt±-i-Øm-]-\-§Ä¡v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. IpSn-shÅ taJ-e-bpsS kzIm-cy-hÂ¡-c-Whpw sshZypXn cwKs¯ ISp¯\nb-{´-Whpw kÀ¡mÀ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse acp¶v e`y-X-¡p-dhpw km[m-c-W-¡m-cs\ {]Xn-k-Ôn-bn-em-gv n. kÀth,sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX lbÀsk-¡³U-dn,sslth dnkÀ¨v, D¶X hnZym-`ym-k-Øm-]-\-§Ä XpS§n 21 ASn-Øm\taJ-e-IÄ kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv¡v ]n]n]namXr-I-bnÂ ssIam-dm³ ]²Xn X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p. CXv tIcfw ssIh-cn¨kmaqly t\«-§-sfms¡ ]pd-tIm-«-Sn-¸n-¡pw.

kwØm\ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Øew-amäw C¶v henb I¨-h-S-am-Wv. i¼-f-Xp-ey-Xbpw XkvXn-I-IÄ X½n-epÅ_Ôhpw A«n-a-dn-¡p¶ \ne-bnemWvHmtcm D¯-chpw Cd-§p-¶-Xv. t]mfn-sS-

cv ]Xn-äm-n-e-[n-I-ambn ]n´p-S-cp¶ Cý³kÀ¡mcpw h³In-S-¡mÀ¡v e£-¡-W-¡n\v tImSn

cq]-bpsS Cf-hp-IÄ \ÂIp-t¼mÄ, sNehp Npcp-¡-ensâ t]cn-Â `£y-h-kvXp-¡Ä, kmaq-ly-kp-c-£,hfw, s]t{Sm-fnbw DÂ¸-¶-§Ä F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ

k_vkn-Unbpw aäv kÀ¡mÀ sNe-hp-Ifpw Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. IqSmsX s]mXp-ta-J-em-

Øm]\§Ä hnÂ¡p-¶-Xn\pw _m¦v, C³jp-d³kv,s]³j³, sNdp-InS hym]mcw XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fn-

te¡v {]tXy£ hntZ-i-\n-t£]w kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw{ian-¡p-¶p. CXv ê-¯nÂ ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bpsS

XIÀ¨bv¡pw IÀjI Bß-l-Xy¡pw cmPy- nsâkzm{i-bXzw \ã-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-te-¡p-amWv \bn-¡p-I.


21

Iv\nIv A[ym-]-I-cpsS F.-sF.-kn.-C.-kvIoapw h\nXm Poh-\-¡m-cpsS {]iv\-§fpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡m³ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã. No^vsk{I-«-dn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ Fw]-thUv I½nän A[nIXkvXnI Is-¯p¶Xnsâ ad-hnÂ hnhn[ hIp- nse \ne-hn-epÅ XmÂ¡m-enI XkvXn-I-IÄ¡v XpSÀ¨m-\p-aXn \ÂIp-¶n-Ã. Ìmäyq-«dn s]³j-³ A«n-a-dn¨v cp-Xcw Poh-\-¡msckrãn-¡p-Ibpw knhnÂ kÀho-kn-te¡v anI¨ Bfp-IÄF¯p-¶-Xns\ XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ønc-\n-b-a-\-§Ä¡v]Icw Btcm-Kyw, hnZym-`ym-kw, Zmcn{Zy \nÀamÀP-\w, Xt±i`cWw, aÕyw, Sqdn-kw, Irjn XpS-§nb taJ-e-fnÂ ImÂe£-t¯mfw t]sc IcmÀ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ \nb-an-¨p.kÀ¡mÀ tkh-\-§sf ZpÀ_-e-s -Sp- m\pw XIÀ¡m-\p-apÅBtKm-f-hÂ¡-cW AP³U-bmWv kÀ¡mÀ e£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.

tIc-f-¯nse kwL-SnX sXmgn-emfn {]Øm-\-§ÄhfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯ DbÀ¶ Iqenbpw kmaq-ly-kp-c-£bpw A«n-a-dn-¡m-\pÅ It¼mf iàn-I-fpsS \o¡-§sf klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bpsS inYn-eo-I-c-W-¯n-\pÅ \S-]Sn bp.-Un.-F^v kÀ¡mÀ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. tI{µ-þ-kw-Øm\kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS P\-hn-cp² \b-§-sfbpw kmaq-ly-kp-c£ms]³j-\-S¡w A«n-a-dn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \o¡-s¯bpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ IÀa ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ¡v tIcf Kk-äUv Hmô-tkgvkv Atkm-kn-tb-j³ cq]w \ÂIpw.

Lm-S-\-¯nsâ anI-hp-sImpw DÅ-S-¡-¯nsâ Kl-\-X-sImpw A¨-S-¡-t¯m-sS-bpÅ {]Xn -\n-[n -I-fpsS ]¦m-fn¯wsImpw 47þmw kwØm\ kt½-f\w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-hp-IbmWv. 20,032 AwK-§sf{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨v 544 {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWv Cukt½-f-\-¯nÂ ]s¦-Sp- -Xv. Hcp A\n-Ýn-X-Ime ]Wn-ap-S-¡n\p tij-apÅ kt½-f-\-sa¶ {]tXy-I-Xbpw Cu kt½-f-\-¯n-\p-v. CSp¡n PnÃ-bpsS ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ adn-I-S¶v kzmK-X-kwLw {]hÀ¯-IÀ Cukt½-f\w h³ hnP-b-am-¡n-¯oÀ¯p.

1966 Â KhÀWÀ c-W-Im-e¯mWv sI.-Pn.-H.-F. cq]w sImÅp-¶-Xv. 1219 AwK-§-fmWv A¶v Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]©m-b¯vUb-d-IvS-dm-bn-cp¶ BÀ. tIi-h³ \mbÀ{]kn-Uâpw kl-I-cW kwLw cPn-kv{SmÀHm^o-knse ^n\m³jyÂ Akn-Ìâm-bn-cp¶ \mcm-b-W³ \mbÀ {]Ya sk{I-«-dn-

bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. tIcf F³.-Pn.-H. bqWn-b³ cq]o-I-c-Ws¯ XpSÀ¶v Poh-\-¡m-cpsS auenI Unamâp-I-fp-bÀ¯n {]t£m- -§Ä \S-¡p¶ Ime-L«w IqSn-bm-bn-cp¶p CXv. tI{µ \nc-¡nÂ £ma-_¯bv¡p thn-bpÅ A\n-Ýn-X-Ime ]WnapS¡qw ]n¶oSv i¼-f-]-cn-jv¡-cWw Bh-iy-s¸-«p -sIm-pÅ {]t£m`hpwiàns- -Sp¶ Ime-b-f-hn-emWv sI.-Pn.-H,-F, cq]o-I-cWw

teJ\w . Sn.sI kp`mjv

kw


22

\S-¡p-¶-Xv.CXn\v ap¼v Kk-äUv Hmô-kÀam-cpsS taJ-e-bnÂ

\ma-am-{X-am-sb-¦nepw cv kwL-S-\-IÄ {]hÀ¯n¨ph¶n-cp-¶p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ sIm n Kk-äUv Hmô-tkgvkvAtkm-kn-tb-j\pw ae-_m-dnse Atem«vUv Hmô-tkgvkv Atkm-kn-tb-j-\pw. sFIy-tI-cf cq]o-I-c-W-¯n\p tijhpw Cu kwL-S-\-IÄ CtX coXn-bnÂ{]hÀ¯\w XpSÀ¶n-cp-¶p. 1966 emWv Cu cp kwL-S-\-Ifpw IqSn-t¨À¶v Kk-äUv Hmô-tkgvkv Atkm-kn-tb-j\v cq]w \ÂIn-b-Xv.

GI-tZiw H¶c ]Xn-ämp Ime-t¯mfw kwL-S-\-bpsS {]hÀ¯\w Xpc-h-\-´-]pcw am{X-ambn tI{µo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS Bcw- -¯nÂ PnÃm LS-I-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡-W-sa¶v Xocp-am-\n-s -¦nepw \S- n-em-bn-Ã. F¬]-Xp-I-fnse \mb-\mÀ kÀ¡mÀ knhnÂkÀÆokv hn]p-eo-I-cn- Xnsâ mK-ambn Kk-äUv XkvXn-I-bn-te¡v {]tam-j³ e`n v kwL-S\m {]hÀ¯-I-sc-¯n-b-tXmsS sI.-Pn.-H.-F. {]hÀ¯\w IqSp-XÂ kPo-h-am-bn. 1981 Â Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯v kwØm\ I¬-sh³j³ tNcp-Ibpw XpSÀ¶v 1982 Â PnÃm I½n-än-IÄ cq]o-I-cn-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¡p-Ibpw PnÃm LS-I-§Ä{]hÀ¯\w Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1983 Â Xriq-cnÂ tNÀ¶ 17þmw kwØm\ kt½-f-\-amWv kwL-S-\-bpsS ]Xm-Ibv¡v AwKo-Imcw \ÂIn-b-Xv. IqSmsX apJ-]-{X-ambn sI.-Pn.-H.-F. \yqkv {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¡pbpw sNbvXp. ASp¯ hÀjwtImgn-t¡mSv tNÀ¶ 18þmw kwØm\ kt½-f\w {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ ip{`-]-Xm-I-tbń ap{Zm-hmIyw hnfn¨v {]I-S-\-am-sb- n-bmWv XpS¡w Ipdn- -Xv. Cu kt½-f-\-t¯m-sS-bmWv kwL-S-\-bpsS \bw hyà-am-¡p¶ kwL-S\m {]tabw Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p XpS-§p-¶-Xv. 1985 sesImÃw kt½-f-\-¯nÂ h¨v kwL-S-\bv¡v I£n-cm-jv{Sobw Btcm-]n¨v cv Iu¬kn-eÀamÀ Cd-§n-t¸m-bn. ]n¶oSv AhÀ cq]o-I-cn¨ tIcf Kk-äUv Hmô-tkgvkv bqWn-b³ F¶ kwL-S\ tIm¬{Kkv N«p-I-ambn amdn-s¡mv ]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ ]²Xn AS-¡-apÅ \b-§Ä \S-¸n-em-¡m³ bp.-Un.-F- v. kÀ¡m-cn\v]n³XpW \ÂIn.

Npcp-§nb Imew sImpXs¶ e£y-t_m-[-apÅkÀÆokv kwL-S\m {]hÀ¯-IÀ F¶ \ne-bn-te¡vkwL-S\ amdn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Ah-

Im-i-t]m-cm-«-§-fnÂ \n¶pw amdn-\nÂt¡--h-c-sÃ¶pwkwL-S\ Xncn- -dn-ªn-cp-¶p. CXnsâ `mK-ambn 4þmwi¼f ]cn-jv¡-c-W-¯n-\p-thn 1985 Pqsse 27 \v \S-¯nb kqN\m ]Wn-ap-S-¡- nÂ kwL-S\ ]s¦-Sp- p.XpSÀ¶v BKÌv 7 \v Bcw-`n¨ A\n-Ýn-X-Ime ]Wnap-S-¡nÂ 5 Znhkw ]n¶n-«-t¸mÄ ]s¦-Sp-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. kwØm\ I½nän AwK-am-bn-cp¶ kn.sP.tPmk-^ns\ kÀÆo-knÂ \n¶v ]ncn-¨p-hn-«p-sImpw]Wn-ap-S-¡nÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ DbÀ¶ Hmô-kÀamscsk³jÀ sNbvXp-sIm -p-amWv ]Wn-ap -S-¡ns\kÀ¡mÀ t\cn-«Xv.

2002 se kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ ]Wn-ap-S-¡nÂ t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb ]¦mWv sI.-Pn.-H.-F. \nÀÆ-ln- -Xv. sI.-Pn.-H.-F. kwØm\ {]kn-Uâpw hIp¸v A²y-£-\p-am-bn-cp¶F. aocm-km-ln-_ns\ ]Wn-ap-S-¡nsâ 2þmw Znhkw Xs¶kÀÆo-knÂ \n¶v kkvs]â v sNbvXp. 32 Znh-ks¯]Wn-ap-S-¡ns\ XpSÀ¶mWv kwL-S\ F^v.-F-kv.-C.-Sn.-H. bnÂ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-¡p-Ibpw AXp-hgn F.-sF.-F-kv.Pn.-C.-F-^v. sâ AwK-kw-L-S-\-bm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

kwØm\ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw A²ym-]-IÀ¡pw FXnscam{X-a-Ã, sXmgn -se-Sp-¡p¶ FÃm-hÀ¡p-sa-XnscXnIª {]Xn-tema _p²n-tbm-sS-bmWv bp.-Un.-F-^v.kÀ¡mÀ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. i¼-f-]-cn-jv¡-cW D¯-c-hnsâ anIhv XIÀ¡p¶ \o¡w ISp¯ Akw-Xr-]vXn¡vCS-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. i¼-f¯n \pw s]³j\pw thnJP-\m-hnsâ knwl-`m-Khpw sNe-h-gn-¡-s¸-Sp¶p F¶vsXän-²-cn¨v ]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ ]²Xn \S- m-¡pIhgn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä IhÀs¶-Sp-¡pIam{X-aÃ kwØm-\s¯ P\-§Ä¡p-taÂ henb_m²yX krjvSn -¡pI IqSn -bmWv D½³NmnkÀ¡mÀ. an\naw s]³j³, B{inX \nb-a-\w, Un.-kn.-BÀ.-Pn., s]³j³ £ma-_-¯ ]cn-jv¡-cWw Ch-sbÃmw CÃm-Xm-Ip-I-bm-Wv. It¼mf \nc-¡n-epÅ ]en-i -t ] me pw s] ³ j ³ \ nt £ ] - n\ v Dd- m-¡ m-\ m-h m Ø nXn-b m-W n-¶ v. I m] -Sy- nsâ {] Xn-] p-cp-j -\ mb n apJ y-a{ n amdp-I -b m-W v. Poh -\ -¡ m-cpsS k a-c- n\ p ap¼ n-Â Xpd-¶ p -I m-«-s¸ « P\ h © \ C¶ n-t ¸ mÄ t I c-f - nse k aq-l -amsI Xncn- -dnª v {] Xn-t cm-[ n-¡ p¶ Ø nXn-b n-se - n-b n-cn-¡ p-¶ p. P\ -h n-cp-² -ambk À¡ mÀ \ b - n-s\ -Xn-cmb sXmgn-e m-f nh À¤ {] t £ m- -amb n CXns\ amän-sb -Sp-¡ p-I -b mW v k wL -S-\ -I -f psSDZv_ p-² -amb I S-a.


23

]ckyw


24

¼-¯nI {]iv\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw hnI-k-\-s -¡n-dn¨pw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mgpw NÀ¨ sN¿p-t¼mgpw km[m-cW KXn-bnÂ Irjn AS-§p¶{]mY-anI taJe hyh-kmbw DÄs¸-Sp¶ZznXob taJ-e, tkh\ taJe F¶n-§s\aq¶p taJ-e-I-fmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bmWvIp hcp-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ Hcp k¼Zv hyh-Ø-bpsS Akw-L-SnX taJ-esb Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-t¼mÄ taÂ -dª Xc-¯n-epÅ Hcp {]hÀ¯-\-ta-Je AÃ AsX¶v a\-Ên-em-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Cý-bnse ^mIvSdn \nbaw (1948)-A-\p-k-cn¨v hnZyp-Ñàn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw]¯p tPmen-¡m-cnÂ Xmsg-bpÅ hyh-km-b-im-e-I-sf-bpw, hnZyp-Ñ-àn-bn-ÃmsX Ccp-]Xv tPmen-¡m-cnÂ Xmsg-bpÅ hyh-km-b-im-e-IsfbpwAkw-L-Sn-X-sa¶pw aäp-Å-hsb kwL-Sn-a-sa¶pw cmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.-C-XnsâASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv Akw-L-SnX / kwL-SnXtaJe F¶Xv \ne-hnÂ h¶-Xv. ]n¶oSv CXvtkh\ Øm]-\-§Ä¡pw _m[-I-am-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ ]ecpw {]tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§n. GähpwHSp-hnÂ Akw-L-SnX taJ-ebv¡p thn-bpÅtZiob I½o-jsâ (AÀPp³ sk³Kp]vXI½o-j³ 2004-þ09) ip]mÀi A\p-k-cn¨v ]¯ptPmen-¡m-cnÂ Xmsg-bp-Å, kz´w AsÃ-¦nÂIq«p-sI«v DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ FÃm Øm]-\-§-

sfbpw Akw-L-SnX AYhm A\u-tZym-KnI taJeF¶m-¡-W-sa¶v \nÀt±-in-¨n-«p-v. CXnÂs¸-Sm¯asäÃm Øm]-\-§fpw kwL-SnXw AYhm HutZym-KnItaJe F¶-XnÂs¸-Sp-¶p. F¶mÂ sXmgn-em-fn-IsfAkw-L-Sn-XÀ AsÃ-¦nÂ A\u-]-Nm-cn-IÀ F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv sXmgnÂ kpc£ CÃm- -h-tcbpw sXmgnÂ DSa\ÂIp¶ kmaqly kpc£ CÃm-¯-h-tc-bp-am-Wv. CuAÀ°-¯nÂ Cý-bnse Akw-L-SnX A\u-]-Nm-cnItaJ-e-bn-epÅ an¡ sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Akw-L-Sn-XÀA\u-]-Nm-cn-XÀ BWv am{X-a-Ã, sXmgnÂ kpc-£-tbm,kmaqly kpc-£tbm CÃm¯ \sÃmcp hn`mKw sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnepw sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p-¶p.

teJ\w . tUm. sI.-]n. I®³

km sXmgn-em-fn-Isf Akw-L-Sn-XÀ AsÃ-¦nÂ A\u-]-Nm-cn-IÀ F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv sXmgnÂ kpc£ CÃm-¯-

h-tcbpw sXmgnÂ DSa \ÂIp¶ kmaqly kpc£CÃm-¯-h-tc-bp-am-Wv. Cu AÀ°-¯nÂ Cý-bnseAkw-L-SnX A\u-]-Nm-cnI taJ-e-bn-epÅ an¡sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Akw-L-Sn-XÀ A\u-]-Nm-cn-XÀ

BWv am{X-a-Ã, sXmgnÂ kpc-£-tbm, kmaqly kpc-£tbm CÃm¯ \sÃmcp hn`mKw sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ

kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnepw sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p-¶p. Cý-sbm-«msI Ah-cpsS hen¸w kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse

sam¯w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wv.


25

Cý-sbm-«msI Ah-cpsS hen¸w kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse sam¯w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wv.

Cý-bnÂ C¶v sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p¶ sam¯w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fnÂ 84 iX-am-\hpw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnÂ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. _m¡n-bpÅ 16 iX-am\wsXmgn-em-fn-IÄ kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnÂ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw 8 iX-am\w t]À Akw-L-SnX/ A\u-tZym-KnI sXmgn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv. A§s\ sam¯w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS 92 iX-am-\hpw Akw-L-Sn-Xtcm A\u-]-Nm-cn-Itcm BsW¶v IW-¡m-¡-s -Sp-¶p. Akw-L-SnXwA\u-]-Nm-cnIw F¶-Xnsâ bmYmÀ° AÀ°w kpc-£-bn-Ãmbva F¶-Xm-Wv.

tIc-f-¯nÂ Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS iX-am\w Cý-tb-¡mÄ Ipd-hm-Wv. 63 iX-am\w. _m¡n 37 iX-am\w kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnÂF¶mÂ Cu cp taJ-e-I-fnepw IqSn 81 iX-am-\-amWvAkw-L-SnX sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS IW-¡v. AXm-bXvkwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fnÂ aq¶nÂ cp`mKhpw Akw-L-SnX (kp-c-£-bn-Ãm-¯) sXmgn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv. sXmgn-ensâ Imcy-¯nÂ ImÀjnI taJ-e-bnÂkwL-Sn-X-amb tXm«w Øm]-\-§-fp-Å-Xp-sImpw hyh-km-bnI taJ-e-bnÂ IqSp-XÂ sXmgnÂ iàn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ I-bÀ, Iip-hn kwkvI-c-Ww F¶n-hbpwtkh\ taJ-e-bnÂ IqSp-XÂ hnZym-`ymk þB-tcmKyØm]-\-§-fp-ÅXp sImpw BIWw kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS tXmXv tZiob icm-i-cn-tb-¡mÄ IqSp-X-embn ImW-s -Sp-¶-Xv.

F¶mÂ tIcf-¯nse Hcp {]tXy-IX AkwLSnXtaJ-e-bnse kwcw-`-Icpw AtXm-sSm¸w sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-§Ä¡mbn Iq«m-bva-bpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ kwL-Sn-X-cmWv F¶-XmWv. AXp-sImpXs¶ sNdnb tXmXn-em-sW-¦nepw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse qcn-]£w sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡pw Kh¬saânsâklm-b-t¯msS Hcp kmaq-lnI ImgvN-¸m-SnÂ \n¶psImv ]cn-an-X-amb kmaqly kpc£ Dd¸p hcp- n-bn-«p-v.

F¶mÂ hnI-k-\-¯nsâ ImgvN-¸m-SnÂ Akw-L-SnXw/ kwL-SnXw F¶o cp taJ-e-IÄ Htc k¼-ZvL-S-\-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv km¼- n-I-ambn ]nt¶m¡w\nÂ¡p¶ k¼Zv LS-\-bpsS apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-bm-WtÃm Dualistic Economy F¶ ]Zw sImv Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bnÂ Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bpsS apJ-ap-{Z-I-fmb Ipdª DZv]m-Z-\-£-aX Ipdªhcp-am\w, Ipdª thX-\w, Ipdª sshZKv[ywF¶nh CÃm-Xm¡n kwL-SnX taJ-e-bpsS \ne-hm-c-¯n-tebv¡v DbÀ¯p¶ {]{In-b-sb-bmWv km¼- nIhnI-k\ Bkq-{XWw sImv Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn ]e ]Sn-ªm-d³ cmPy-§Ä¡pw, P¸m³,sImdnb F¶o Npcp¡w Nne Gjy³ cmPy-§Ä¡pwC§s\ Hcp ]cn-hÀ¯\w t\Sm³ Ign-ªn-«p-s-¦nepwIgnª Ac-\q-äm-n-embn \S¶p sImn-cn-¡p¶kmt¦-XnI hfÀ¨ ImcWw Cu Hcp {]{In-bbv¡v Cý-sb-t¸mse Hcp cmPy- n\v ]e-hn[ hnLm-X-§fpw t\cn-tSn hcp¶p IqSmsX Ignª cp ]Xn-äm-mbn\S¶p hcp¶ DZm-c-h-XvI-cW km¼- nI \b-a-\p-k-cn¨v A[nIw sXmgnÂ krjvSn-¡m-¯tXm AsÃ-¦nÂkwL-SnX taJ-e-bnÂ hfsc Ipd-¨p-am{Xw sXmgnÂkrjvSn-¡p-¶tXm Bb km¼- nI hfÀ¨-bmWv \mwIp-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv AXnsâ ]cn-WnX ê-amWvkwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse DZv]m-Z-\- nÂ / hcp-am-\-¯nÂImWp¶ A`q-X-]qÀh-amb hfÀ¨bpw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bpsS Ipdª hfÀ¨bpw AXp-aqew AXnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bt]-£n-I-ambn Ipd-bp¶ DZv]m-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw hcp-am-\hpw CXn-s\-bmWv Ak- p-en-Xm-hØkrjvSn -¡p¶ km¼-¯nI hfÀ¨m {]Xn -`mkw(Inequalising economic growth) F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. tIc-f- nsâ kml-Ncyw FSp¯p ]cn-ti-[n-¨mÂ kmaqlyhnI-k\w Gsd ssIh-cn-¨n«pw Hcp Dualistic EconomybpsS kz`mhw \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ \¼Zv hyh-Ø-bmWvCXnsâ Imc-W-§Ä hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡pI F¶Xv tIcfhnI-k\ A\p- -hs¯ sam - nÂ hne-bn-cp- p¶ Hcp{]hr-¯n-bmbn IW-¡m-¡mw.Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ


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\n¶psImv Nnń-¡p-t¼mÄ Xmsg -]-d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä{]k-à-am-sW¶v Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-hm³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶p.

s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS ]cn-anXn\qdn-e-[nIw s]mXp-ta-Je Øm]-\-§Ä¡v cq]w\ÂInb kwØm-\-amWv tIc-fw. Ch-bnÂ an¡-hbpw1970 \p tijw XpS-§n-b-h-bm-Wv. ià-amb Hcp kzImcytaJ-h-bpsS A`mhw XoÀ¡m\pw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse km¼- nI ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ amäm\pw ]pXp-XmbnsXmgnÂ tXSp¶ sNdp- -¡mÀ¡v DZv]m-Z-\-£-aX IqSn-bXpw X±zmc IqSp-XÂ tkh\ thX\ kuI-cy-§-fpÅsXmgn-ep-IÄ Dd-¸m-¡m\pw thn-bm-bn-cp¶p CXv.s]mXp-ta-Je F¶mÂ B hm¡v kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xps]mse s]mXpkaq-l- nsâ BkvXn-bpÅ Øm]-\-§-fm-Wv. #vh Imcy-£-a-ambn {]hÀ¯n¨v kaq-l- n\vBh-iy-apÅ DZv]-¶-§fpw tkh-\-§fpw \ÂIpI am{X-aÃ km¼-¯nI anäpm-¡p-Ibpw AXnsâ XpSÀ\nt£]w hgn IqSp-XÂ sXmgnÂ Ah-k-c-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw F¶m-bn-cp¶p Ah-bpsS ssk²m-ńI hiw. F¶mÂ AXnÂ F{X-t¯mfw hnP-bn¨p?amXr-I-bm-¡m-hp¶ Hcp sXmgnÂ kwkvIm-chpw amt\-Pvsaâ v kwkvIm-chpw s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnÂ \n¶pw DbÀ¶phcm-¯-sX-´p-sImv? hnI-k-\-¯nsâ ImgvN-¸m-SnÂ\n¶p sImv s]mX-p-hmbn t\m¡p-t¼mÄ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpSw XIÀ¨bpw XfÀ¨bpw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnsesXmgn-em-fn-Isf {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n- n-«p-v. AhÀ¡pIn«msX t]mb Ah-k-c-§Ä F¶ \ne-bnepw s]mXp\jvSw hcp¯n P\-§-fpsS km¼- nI mcw hÀ[n-¸n-¨Xp hgn-bpw Dmb ]cn-anXn adn-I-St¶ Ign-bpw

kl-I-cW taJetIc-f-¯nse k¼-ZvL-S-\-bnÂ kl-I-c-W-ta-J-ebv¡v\nÀ®m-b-I-asÃ-¦nepw {][m-\-s¸« Hcp Øm\-ap-v.{]tXy-In¨pw tkh\ taJ-e-bnse kl-I-cW {]Øm-\-§-fmb _m¦nwKv taJ-e. hn]-W\ taJe, IÀj-IÀ¡p thn-bpÅ tkh\ taJe F¶nh. F¶mÂDZv]m-Z\þkwkvI-cW taJ-e-bnÂ F´p-sImv kl-I-cW {]Øm-\-¯n\v Dd¨ ImÂsh-¸p-IÄ hbv¡m-\m-bnÃ. Ipsd-sbms¡ \¶mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ NneØm]-\-§Ä (]mÂ kw`-cWw / kwkvI-cWw) Nnehyh-kmb DXv]-¶-§Ä Ds-¦nepw kl-I-cW taJ-e-bpsS ]cnanXn AsÃ-¦nÂ A`mhw hf-sc-b-[nIwsXmgn-em-fn-Isf Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn-tebv¡v XÅn-hn«p F¶-XtÃ bmYmÀ°yw? ]c-¼-cm-KX hyh-kmb{]eÀ¯-\-§-fmb IbÀ taJe, ssI¯dn taJ-e,F¶o taJ-e-I-fnÂ Dm-¡nb kl-I-cW irwJ-e-IÄZb-\o-b-ambn ]cm-P-b-s¸«Xv Cu Ah-k-c-¯nÂ HmÀt¡--Xm-Wv. Cu cwK¯pw hnI-k\ cmjv{Sobw F¶Xvkl-I-cW Øm]-\-§Ä I£n cmjv{Sob hSw-h-en-I-fnÂ s]Sp-¶Xpw ssZ\w-Zn\ Imcy-§-fnÂ CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xpb Imcy-§-fn-tebv¡pw aäp-am-Wv.

taÂ -dª s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw kl-I-cW taJ-ebpwhf-cp-Ibpw IqSp-XÂ sXmgnÂ krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ Ac-£n-I-amb Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bpsShen-¸hpw B¡hpw C¶-s¯-¡mÄ Ipd-bp-am-bn-cp¶pF¶ hkvXpX ad-¡-cp-Xv. am{X-aÃ C-h-bpsS hfÀ¨bpwamXr-I.bpw hn]-Wnbpw kzImcy taJ-ebpw ASn-¯-d-bm-¡n-bn-«pÅ DZm-c-h-XvI-cW km¼-¯nI \bs¯ssk²m-ń-I-ambpw {]mtbm-KnIXe-¯nepw t\cn-Sm³tIcf kwØm-\ -¯n\pw kaq -l-¯n\pwIgnbpambncp¶p.

Akw-L-SnX taJ-esb km¼-¯n-I-ambncq]m- -c-s¸-Sp-t¯ IÀ¯hyw

Ct¸m-gs¯ Ah-Ø-bnÂ thsdmcp hgn At\IwsNdp-Øm-]-\-§-fmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Akw-L-SnXtaJ-e-bnse Øm]-\-§sf km¼- n-I-ambn iàn-s¸-Sp-¯pI F¶-XmWv A§s\ hcp-t¼mÄ h³InSkzImcy taJ-e-bpsS \ocm-fn-¸n-Sp- -¯nÂ \n¶v k¼-ZvL-S-\sb Ipd-s¨-¦nepw c£n-¡m-\m-Ipw. {]tXy-In¨pw

\ymb-amb thX-\hpw kmaqly kp-c£ kwhn-[m-\-§-fpÅ sXmgnÂ krjvSn-¡p¶ Imcy- nÂ CXn-\mbn«pÅ]²-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Bhn-jv¡-cn-t¡--Xp-v.tZiob Xe-¯nÂ Industrial Cluster developmentFs¶mcp ]²Xn CXn-\mbn Bhn-jvI-cn- n-«p-s-¦nepwh³InS kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv¡p \ÂIn-Sn-«pÅ {]map-Jy-hpw, t{]mÕm-l-\-hpw, ]²-Xn-Ifpw aäp-ambn Xmc-XaywsN¿p-t¼mÄ AXv hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb H¶m-sW¶v Adn-bm³ Ignbpw. AXp-sImmWv Cu ]²vXn-bnÂ [\-k-lm-bhpw aäp kmt¦-XnI hnZy sXmgnÂ sshZKv[y]cn-io-e\w F¶h-b-S-§p¶ aäp kwhn-[m-\-§Ä¡pwhfsc ]cn-an-X-ambn am{Xw hI sImÅn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu]²-Xn-bpsS B\-Iq-ey-§Ä t\Sn-s¡mv tIc-f-¯nÂFt«m ]t¯m hyh-kmb ¢Ì-dp-IÄ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw hnI-kn- n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-v. DZm-l-c-W- n\vFd-Wm-Ip-fw, tIm«bw PnÃ-I-fn-embn ØnXn-sN-¿p¶Rubber Cluster, Rice mill Cluster, Plywood Cluster, PlasticCluster F¶nh. F¶mÂ aä-\-h[n ¢Ì-dp-IÄ CukwØm-\-¯n-\-I- p-v. Ah-sbÃmw DÄs¡m-Ån-¨p-sIm-pÅ ka-{K-amb Hcp hyh-kmb X{´w sa\-tb-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXnÂ Ah-bpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-¡m-\pw, sXmgnÂ sshZKv[yw \ÂIm\pw Øm]-\-§-fpsSamt\-Pvsaâ v, DÂ¸-¶-§-fpsS hnX-cWw F¶n-hbv¡vs]mXp-ku-I-cy-§Ä Dm-¡m\pw DÅ kwhn-[m\whn]p-e-s -Sp- -Ww. Npcp-¡- nÂ Hcp ka{K B[p-\n-I-h-XvI-c-W-¯n-\mbpw cq]-tcJ Dm-¡-Ww. Ch-bpsS{]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-¡m\pw ]cn-lmc amÀK-§Ä BhnjnI-cn-¡m-\p-ambn D¶X hnZym- ymk Øm]-\-§-fp-ambn Cu


27

¢Ì-dp-Isf _Ô-s¸-Sp-t¯-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Chbv¡pthXv shdpw F³Pn-\n-b-dnw§v F¶p ]d-bp¶ kmt¦-XnI hnZym ssIamäw AsÃ-¦nÂ sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯Â am{X-aÃ amt\-Pvsaâpw IW¡p kq£n¸pw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsSBtcmKy hnZym-`ymk ØnXnbpw sXmgnÂ sshZKv[y]cn-io-e-\hpw FÃmw AS-§p¶ ka-{K-amb B[p-\n-I-h-XvI-c-W-amWv ChnsS Bh-iy-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv.

sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX sshZ-Kv[y-]-cn-io-e\wAkw-L-SnX taJ-e-bpsS ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v {]Xn-

Iq-e-ambn \nÂ¡p¶ Hcp LS-I-amWv sshZ-Kv[y-apÅsXmgn-em-fn-Isf BIÀjn-¡m³ ]äm¯ Ah-Ø. AXp]cn-l-cn-¡m³ Ct¸mÄ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cpsS sXmgnÂsshZKv[yw Iq«Ww Fs¶mcp Nn´m-K-Xn-bp-v. kwL-SnX taJ-esb At]-£n¨v Ipdª sXmgnÂ kpc-£bpw kmaqly kpc-£bpw am{Xw \ÂIm³ Ign-bp¶ Cu taJ-e-bn-tebv¡v sXmgnÂ ss\]pWnsshZKv[yw DÅ-hÀ IS¶p hcp-¶nÃ AXpw IpdªDZv]m-Z-\-£-a-Xbv¡v Imc-W-am-Wv. Ipdª DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX km¼- nI {XmWn-bpÅ Øm]-\-§sf krjvSn-¡p-¶nÃ. A§s\ Hcp hnj-a-hr¯w (vicious circle)krjvSn -¡-s¸-Sp¶p. sXmgnÂ sshZKv[yw (Skill)\ÂIm\pw ]pjvSn-s -Sp- m-\p-apÅ kwhn-[m\w ipjvI-amWv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v Hcp F©n-\n-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn¡v aq¶p Unt¹m-a-¡mcpw 15 kmt¦-XnI kl-bn-Ifpw(technicians) thW-sa-¶mWv IW¡v F¶mÂ ØnXnt\sc adn-¨m-Wv-F-©n-\n-b-dnwKv Unt¹m-abv¡v ]Tn-¡m-\pÅ koäp-IÄ F©n-\n-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-tf-¡mÄIpd-hmWv ITI t]mepÅ {lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v

th kuI-cy-§fpw th-{X-bn-Ã. CtX ØnXn Xs¶-bmWv BtcmKy cwK¯pw ImÀjnI cwK¯v ØnXnKpcp-X-c-am-sW¶v ]d-tbn hcpw. AhnsS _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-sf-b-ÃmsX Unt¹ma / sSIv\o-jy³ F¶o ]cn-io-e\ Øm]-\-§Ä hnc-f-am-sW¶p Xs¶ ]dbmw. sshZ-Kv[y-apÅ Hcp sXmgnÂ tk\sb krjvSn-¡p-I- F-¶Xvkm¼- nI hnI-k-\-¯nsâ Hcm-Wn-¡-Ãmbn IW-¡m-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Cu shÃp-hnfn tIcfw F{X-am{XwKuc-h-ambn FSp-¯n-«pv F¶Xv ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

hmbv]m-e- yXAkw-L-SnX taJe s]mXp-shbpw AXnse hyh-

kmb taJe {]tXy-In¨pw cq£-ambn t\cn-Sp¶ Hcp{][m\ {]iv\w hmbv]m-e- y-X-bmWv Ønc-aq-e-[-\-ambpw{]hÀ¯-\-aq-e-[-\-ambpw hmbv] Bh-iy-amWv F¶mÂC´y-bnÂ sNdp-InS hyh-kmb taJ-ebv¡p In«p¶hmbv] k¼Zv hyh-Ø-bnÂ e`yamb sam¯w hmbv]-I-fpsS 6þ7 iX-am\w am{Xw hyh-kmb taJ-ebv¡pIn«p¶ sam¯w hmbv]-bpsS 12-þ13 iX-am\w hcpw CXvhyh-kmb DXv]m-Z-\-¯nsâ 35-i-a-am-\-t¯mfw kw`m-h\ \ÂIp¶ sNdp-I-XnS taJ-e-hbv¡v AXnsâ aq¶n-sem¶p am{Xw hmbv]

C¶s¯ km¼- n-I \b-§Ä h³InS kzImcytaJ-esb AÀln-¡p-¶-XnÂ IqSp-XÂ klm-bn-¡p-¶p._m¦p-I-fm-sW-¦nÂ sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-§sf t{]mÕm-ln- n-¡m³ apt¶m«p hcp-¶p-anÃ kl-I-c-Wm-Sn-Øm-\-¯nepw {]mtZ-in-I-hp-amb _m¦p-I-fpsS (Local Banks){]k-àn-bmWv C¡m-cy- nÂ NÀ¨ sNt¿-Xv F¶mÂ

28


BtKm-f-hÂ¡-cWw em¡m¡n DZm-c-h-XvI-cWkm¼- nI N«-¡q-SnÂ sNdp-InS _m¦p-Isfh³ _m¦p-I-fp-ambn ebn- n v oa³ _m¦p-IÄkrjvSn -¡pI F¶ X{´-amWv Cým -K-h¬saâ v ssIs¡m-Åp-¶-Xv. bqtdm-¸nepwAta-cn-¡-bnepw CXnsâ Xnà-êw In«pwIn-sÃ¶p \Sn-¡p¶ Cu t]m¡v {]mtZ-in-I-Xe hnI-k-\s¯ klm-bn-¡p¶ H¶-Ã.

Irjn DÄs -sS-bpÅ {]mY-anI taJetXm«-§-fmbn AwKo-I-cn- n-«pÅ Øm]-\-§ÄHgn-¨mÂ {]mY-anI taJ-e-bnÂ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnÂ s]Sp-¶hXs¶. kmt¦-XnI ]cn-Úm\w kzmb-¯-am-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ssIam-dp-¶-Xn\pw B[p-\nI at\-Pvsaâ v kwhn-[m\w cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pwklm-b-I-amb Øm]-\-§Ä Cu cwK¯vhcWw. Ct¸m-gpÅ kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ IqsSiàamb Hcp B[p-\n-I-h-XvIcWw \S-¡p-

29

¶ptm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-nbpw Ccn-¡p-¶p.]p¯³ Irjn coXn-IÄ Øe-þ-Pe amt\-Pvsaâ v arK-kw-c-£Ww, ]mÂ, amwkw, ap«, Cd-¨n, aÕyw F¶n-h-bpsS kq£n vþkwkvI-cWw F¶nh {][m-\-s¸« taJ-e-I-fm-Wv.

kmaqly kpc-£bpw sXmgnÂ ]Z-hnbpwCý¡p Xs¶ amXr-I-bmb t£a t_mÀUp-Ifpw^p-Ifpw Øm]n¨v ]cn-an-X-ambsX¦nepw kmaqlykpc£ \ÂIp¶ kwhn-[m\ tIc-f- nÂ thcp-]n-Sn¨pIgn-ªp. F¶mÂ NneXv \Ã \ne-bnepw aäp NneXvicm-i-cn-bnepw aäp ]eXpw Cu hn`m-K-¯nÂ s]Sm-sXbpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. `c-W-Nn-ehv ]e-Xnepw Hcp{]iv\-amWv ka-b-_-Ôn-X-ambn kw`m-h-\-IÄ ]cn-bv¡p-¶-Xnepw B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnepw ipjv¡m-ń-bp-s-¦nte Cu amXrI {]Xo-£n¨ êw Xcp-I-bpÅp kmaqly kpc-£-F-¶-Xn-ep-]cn sXmgnÂsshZKv[y ]cn-io-e-\-¯nepw {i²n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂAXv hnI-k-\-]-c-amb HcpImÂh-bv]m-bn-cn¡pw

kv{XoIfpw AkwLSnX taJ-ebpwkv{Xo sXmgn-em-fn-I-fnÂ \sÃmcp hn`mKw Akw-L-SnXtaJ-e-bn-emWv. kmaq-ly-hn-I-k\ Afhp tImenÂap³]- n-bnÂ \nÂ¡p¶ tIc-f-¯nse kv{XoIÄ¡vam\y-amb sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§fpw kmaqly kpc-£bpwDm-hp-¶Xv Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse km¼-¯nI ]cn-hÀ¯\w aqe-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn-eqsS Ah-cpsS sXmgnÂkm¶n[yw Iq«m\pw IpSpw-_-§-fpsS km¼-¯nIkpc£ ssIh-cp-¯m\pw km[n-¡pw, km[n-¡Ww.kv{XoI-fpsS {]tXyI kml-N-cy-§fpw Bh-iy-§fpwIW-¡n-se-Sp¯p sImpÅ ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-Ibpw \S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv kmaq-l-¯nsâ sam¯w shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Ch km[n-¡p-sa-¶-XnÂ XÀ¡-an-Ã.

kv{Xo sXmgn-em-fn-I-fnÂ \sÃmcp hn`mKwAkw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn-emWv. kmaq-ly-hn-I-k\ Afhp tImenÂ ap³]-ń-bnÂ\nÂ¡p¶ tIc-f- nse kv{XoIÄ¡vam\y-amb sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§fpw kmaqlykpc-£bpw Dm-hp-¶Xv Akw-L-SnXtaJ-e-bnse km¼-¯nI ]cn-hÀ¯\w

aqe-am-bn-cn-¡pw



30


31

aNobp-¶p-sh-¦n-ep-sat´?Fsâ tIcfw tIc-tI-Zmcw!a-No-bÂ Kth-jWw sN¿m³aµncw XoÀ¯-Xn-tÃ-bp-Zmcw?

kz´-`mj ad-¡p-In-set´?Fsâ tIcfw tImcn-¯-cn¸q!ss]¦n-fn-I-fmbv ss]X-§Ä sIm©pwsh¦-e-samgn tIÄ¡p-h-XntÃ?

hmZ-tIm-em-l-e-§-fnÂs¸«pImXp-tIÄ¡m-sX-bm-hp-In-set´?ho«n-se-s¡m¨p s]«n-bn-eqsS]m«p ""ImWpI'' bÃtbm \½Ä?

s]¬Ip-cp-¶n-s\-t¸m-epao \m«nÂs\¿-ep-h-bmbv t\Zn-¡n-set´?D®n-bmÀ¨-am-c¦w s]mcpXpwsh¬Xn-cn- -S-¸m-s«§p thsd?

Ip-I--s§m-gpIpw ]pgsbIn-sÃ¶p hcp- p-In-set´?Bäp-sh¬a-WÂ hnäp-I-S¯n\m«n--\m-Zmbw Iq«p-I-btÃ?

s\Â¡-XnÀ¡qebmSnb ]mSþsams¡ R§Ä \nc-¯p-In-set´?]p -cn-t¨m-dp-t]-£n-¡n-set´?d_v_-dn³ ]mÂ Id-¡p-hm-\ntÃ?

Xn§n-\n¶ ac-X-I-\o-eþ`wKn-sbt§m ad-bp-In-set´?hr²-t\-{X-¯nÂ ap¶nepw \oeþ¨n{X-tIfn XnanÀ¡p-I-btÃ?

C¶p tIcfw ssZh-¯n³ \mSmþsW¶ tIfn-sIm-«mÀ¯p-b-cs«!tizX-ssZ-h-§-sf-¯s«! þ \½þfmZn-hm-kn-IÄs¡-´n-¶-kqb?

IhnX . H.-F³.hn


32

t±-io-b-amb a\p-jy-þ-{]-Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bpÅ ImÀjn-I-þ-hy-h-kmb DÂ¸m-Z\ {]hr¯n-IÄ¡v ]Icw hntZ-i- -W-¯n-eq-¶n-bXpw h³ em -ap-m-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-Xp-amb]Ým-¯e hnI-k-\-¯nsâ t]cn -emWvkwØm\w C¶v Duäw sImÅp-¶-Xv. AXnsâ`mK-ambn AXn-th-K-sd-bnÂ tImdn-tUmÀFIvkv{]Êv F¶n-§s\ hnI-k-\-¯nsâap³K-W-\-Isf A¸msS amän-a-dn-¡p¶ h³ ]²-Xn-IÄ cq]-s¸-«p-h-cp¶ C¶-s¯ coXn A`n-e-j-Wo-b-amtWm? BOT \ap¡v kzoIm-cy-amb ]cn-lm-c-aÃ F¶mÂ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ssIhiw]Ww CsÃ¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. Cu Ah-ØsbF§n-s\-bmWv t\cn-tS-Xv? IpSn-sh-Åw,sshXyp-Xn, hnZym- ymk Btcm-Ky-tk-h-\-§Ä-F-¶nh Gähpw ZpÀ_e hn`m-K-§Ä¡p-IqSne`y-am-¡Ww F¶p hmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶Bbn-c-¡-W-I-XvIn\v cq] hnt\m-Z-¯n\pwBUw-_-c-¯n\pw sNe-hm-¡m³ aSn-bn-Ãm¯DbÀ¶ hcp-am-\-¡m-cnÂ \n¶v ASn-Øm\tkh-\-§Ä¡v \ymb-amb {]Xn-^ew hm§p-¶-XnÂ sXäptm? hm§pI-bm-sW-¦nÂ Xs¶AXnsâ coXn F´m-bn-cn-¡Ww. Btcm-Ky-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v P\-§-fnÂ \n¶v s]mXp-hnÂHcp skÊv GÀs¸-Sp- p-¶-XnÂ sXäptm?.

Cubn-sS-bmbn tIcfw asämcp {]Xn-k-Ôn-tbbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv AXmWvA\y-kw-Øm\ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS km¶n-[yhpwAh-cp-bÀ¯p¶ kaq-ly-þ-km-¼-¯n-I-þ-B-tcm-

Ky. {]iv\-§-f-pw. tIc-f- n-tebv¡v hntZ-i-¸Ww A\ycmPy-§-fnÂ \n¶v hcp-¶p. A\y-kw-Øm\ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn-eqsS CXnsâ Hcp mKw Xncn-s¨m-gp-Ip-I-bmWv. C¶vGI-tZiw 25 e£-t¯mfw A\y-kw-Ø-m\ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ tIc-f- nÂ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xmbpw AhÀ {]Xn-hÀjw 14000 tImSn cq]-bn-e-[nIw XpI \m«n-tebv¡vsImp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xmbpw IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. Hcp hÀjwGXmv cv e£-¯n-e-[nIw t]À ]pXp-Xmbn tIc-f-¯n-tebv¡v hcp-t¼mÄ Ac e£-¯n-te-sd-t¸À Xncn-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xmbpw IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. AXm-bXv cv e£-¯nÂ Xmsg A\y-kw-Øm\ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ HmtcmhÀjhpw tIc-f-¯nÂ IqSn-h-cn-I-bm-sW¶v Xncp-h\-´-]p-cs¯ Kpem¯n C³Ìn-äyq«v ^n{_-h-cn2013 Â X¿m-dm-¡nb ]T\w ImWn-¡p-¶p.

]W-¯n-sâbpw a\p-jym-[zm-\-¯n-sâbpw Ccp-`m-K-t -bv¡p-apÅ Cu Hgp-¡ns\ Htc \mW-b- nsâ cvhi-§-fmbn ItW--Xm-bp-v. A\y-kw-Øm\ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ tIc-f- n-ep-m-¡p¶ Btcm-Ky-þ-]m-cn-Øn-XnI{]iv\-§Ä¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Xs¶ Ah-cpsS tkh-\-þth-Z\ hyh-Ø-Ifpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§fpwkwc-£n-¡m\pw \ap¡v D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ansÃ? Ah-cpsSPohnXw ]´m-Sm³ GXm\pw GPâp-amÀ¡v hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv icn-b-ÃtÃm GXv coXn-bn-epÅ CS-s]-S-emWvA`n-Im-ay-am-bn-«p-ÅXv AX-Ã, CsXmcp {]iv\-a-sÃ¶coXn-bnÂ Ah-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶-XmtWm?.

tIcfw C¶v ImÀjnI hyh-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v ImÀjn-tI-Xc hyh-Ø-bn-tebv¡v amdn-s¡m-n-cn-¡-bmWvAXnsâ `mK-ambn thWw C¶s¯ ]e {]iv\-§-tfbpw ImWm³ AXn-cp-hn« \K-c-hÂ¡-c-W-amWv CXnÂ


33

X

teJ\w . ]n.-F-kv. cmP-ti-J-c³


34

{][m-\w. ]pXnb IW-¡-\p-k-cn v tIc-f- nse P\-kw-J-bnÂ GXmv ]IpXn tbmfw (49%) \K-c-hm-kn-I-fm-Wv. 2001 se sk³kkv IW-¡-\p-k-cn¨v tIc-f-¯nseP\-kw-JybnÂ 87.6 e£-am-bn-cp¶p \K-c-hm-kn-I-fmbnDm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. 2011 Â Ch-cpsS F®w 159.3 e£-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. GXmv 92 iX-am-\-¯nsâ hÀ[\. \KcwF¶-Xnsâ \nÀh-N-\-¯nÂ h¶ amäw Cu hÀ[-\-hn\vHcp Imc-W-am-sW-¦nepw \K-c-§-fn-te-bv¡pÅ P\-§-fpsS AanX tI{µo-I-c-Whpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn v \K-c-§Ähf-cm¯ ØnXnbpw henb {]iv\-§-fmWv \K-c-§-fnÂC{Xbpw hen-sbmcp tI{µo-I-cWw C{Xbpw thK- nÂDm-Ip-sa¶v ap³Iq«n ImWm-t\m, AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨vkuI-cy-§Ä Dm-¡mt\m tIc-f-¯nÂ Ign -ªn-« nÃ. AXp -sImpXs¶ Cu bm{´nI \K-c-hÂ¡-cWw tIc-f- nse P\-Po-hn -X -¯nsâ k´p-en -Xm -hØsXän¡pw F¶p-hsc ,kw-i-b-ap-bÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. CXnsâ mK-ambnamen\y kwkvI-c-Ww, KXm-K-Xw,]mÀ¸n-Sw, IpSn-sh-Åw, tdmU-]-ISwF¶o cwK-§-fn-sems¡ Ht«sd]pXnb {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ cq]-s -«n-cn-¡-bm-Wv. CXv tIc-fs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Hcp {][m\ shÃp-hn-fn-bsÃ? C¡mcyw F§s\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn¡mw?

sI«nS \nÀamW cwK¯v Imcy-amb \nb-{´Ww A\n-hm-cy-atÃ?cmw hoSv, aq¶mw hoSv \nÀam-Ww,BÄ¸mÀ¸n -Ãm¯ ^vfmäp -IÄF¶n-§s\ sI«n-S-§-sfbpw hoSp-I-sfbpw Hcp h³ \nt£-]-km-[y-X-bm-bn-Iv ]Ww sNe-hm-¡p¶coXn \nb-{´n -t¡--Xptm?hnÂ¸-\ -b v¡m-bpÅ sI«n -S -\nÀamWw Ipd-¡m-e-t¯-bvs¡-¦nepw \nÀ¯n-sh-bv¡-W-sa¶v\nÀt±-in-¡mtam? am{X-aÃ sI«nS\nÀ½mW cwK v \mSn\v tNcm¯sNehv Npcp-¡m³ km[n-¡m¯amXr-I-I-fmWv ]cs¡ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXn\v ]Icwemdn-t_-¡dpw aäpw hn`m-h\w sNbvX sNehp Ipdª]cn-Øn-Xnbv¡nW§nb, {]mtZ-inI hn`-h-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-]p-Xn-sbmcp sI«nS kwkvImcw Cukm£cX k¼-¶-amb {]tZ-i¯v Dmbn hcp-¶tXCÃ. A[n-Im-cn-IÄ sNe-hp-Ip-dª coXnsb Ah-K-Wn-¡p-¶Xpw Hcp {]iv\-atÃ!.

C¶n-t¸mÄ Pe-£-maw IqSn Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. {]m[m\ \Zn-I-fn-sem¶pw Bh-iy- n\v shÅ-anÃ.{]Xn-hÀjw 3000 MM ag-In-«p¶ tIc-f-¯n-emWv CXvkw`-hn-¡p-¶-sX-t¶mÀ¡-Ww-\-½psS hfÀ¨-bpsS hgn-I-sfÃmw kzm`m-hnI Pe-kw-M-c-W-s¯bpw Pe-hn-X-c-W-t¯bpw XIÀ¡p¶ coXn-bnÂ Bbn-t¸m-bntÃ? Ip¶n-Sn¨pw hbÂ \nI- nbpw ImSv sh«nbpw e¡pw eKm-\p-an-ÃmsX J\\w \S- nbpw \mw AXn-thKw hf-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu hfÀ¨bv¡v \ÂtI-n-h¶ hne-b-sÃ-bm-YmÀY-¯nÂ C¶s¯ Pe-£maw. hfÀ¨-sb-¸änhmtXm-cmsX Dcp-hn-Sp-t¼mgpw \mw {][m-\-amb asämcptNmZyw NmZn-¡m-Xn-cn -¡p¶p shÅw In«m¯ Hcp{]tZiw F§-s\-bmWv hmk-tbm-Ky-amb {]tZ-i-ambn

XpS-cp-¶Xv? F{X-\mÄ C\-\s¯ Ah-Ø C§s\ XpS-cm³ Ignbpw. IpSn-shÅ hnX-c-W-¯n\v kzImcy I¼\ncq]o-I-cn v ]cn-l-cn-¡m-hp-¶-XmtWm tIcfw C¶v t\cn-Sp¶Pe-{]iv\w ? Pe-£maw Hcp {]m[m\ {]iv\-am-sW-¶n-cn-s¡, IpSn-sh-Ås¯ D]-tbm-Kn¨v sI«nS \nÀamWw\S- p-¶Xv \nb-{]-Imcw ]mSn-sÃ-¶n-cn-s¡, Cu coXnXpS-cp-¶Xv F´p-sImv XS-bm-\m-Ip-¶nÃ hcÄ¨cq£amIp-t¼mÄ, IpSn-shÅw D]-tbm-Kn¨v sI«n-S-\nÀamWw ]mSn-sÃ¶v IÀi-\-ambn ]d-ªp-IqsS?

asämcp {][m\ Imcyw a\p-jym-[zm-\-¯nsâ hnI-k-\hpw D]-tbm-K-hp-ambn _Ô-s -«-Xm-Wv. kvIqÄ hnZym-`ymkw kmÀh-{Xn-I-am-b-tXm-sS, ]¯pw ]{´pw ¢mÊp-

IÄ ]mÊm-Ip-¶-hÀ h³tXm-XnÂ IqSn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.ChÀs¡Ãmw D¶X hnZym-`ym-k- n\v t]mIm\pw Ign-bnÃ D¶X hnZym- ym-k- n\v t]mIm³ Ign-bm- -hÀ¡vHu]-Nm-cnI hnZym- ym-k-ap-s-¦nepw sa -s¸« hcp-am\we`n-¡m-hp¶ sXmgnÂ e`n-¡p-¶nÃ. sa¨-s¸« sXmgnÂCh-cpsS B{K-l-am-sW-¦nepw AXv ssI¡-em-¡m-\pÅsshZKvLyw ChÀ¡n-Ã. CXv bphm-¡-fnÂ \sÃmcp mK-¯nsâ A[zm-\-ti-jnsb hnI-k-\-¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xm-¡p-I-bm-WtÃm Cu A[zm-\-ti-jnsbkwØm\ ]ptcm-K-Xn-¡p-XIp¶ Hcp k¼-¯m¡n amäp-¶-sX-§-s\-sb-¶Xv tIcfw t\cn-Sp¶ Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn ImtW--XnsÃ? ]Tn- n-d-§p¶ ae-bm-fn¡v am\y-ambn ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡m³ ]äp¶ B[p-\nI sXmgnÂ Xpd-bmbn Irjn-tbbpw sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-t¯mbpw amäm³Ign-bptam? CsXms¡ C\n tIc-f- nÂ km[y-amtWm?\ma-am{X sXmgn-ep-I-fnÂ GÀs¸-Sm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-Ip¶ bphm-¡sf hnI-k\ {]{Inb bnÂ mK- m-¡m-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ kwØm-\ v hfÀ¶phcp¶ am^nbm kwL-¯nsâ mK-ambn ChÀ amdn-tb-¡m-\pÅ km[y-XbpwXÅn-¡-f-bmtam? ChÀ¡v th sXmgn-ep-IÄ krjvSn-


35


36

¡epw AXn\v klm-b-I-amb sshZKv[y t]mj-WhpwBcv \S- pw.? CXv ]qÀW-ambpw kÀ¡m-cnsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-amtWm?

hn]-W-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä¡p _Z-embn tIcfw Gsd {]Xo-£-bÀ¸n- n-cp-¶Xv s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kl-I-cW taJ-e-bn-ep-apÅ kwhn-[m-\-§-sf-bmWv Cu {]Xo£ \nd-th-äp-¶-XnÂ Ah th{XhnP-bn-t¨m, CsÃ-¦nÂ F´p-sImv F¶v hne-bn-cpt-¯t? s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS kmaqly D¯-c-hm-ZnXzwF§s\ Dd- m¡mw? Xmc-X-tay\ Hcp \yq\-]£w sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ Cu taJ-e-bnÂ k¼qÀWkpc-£bpw [mcmfw t]À ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnÂ k¼qÀW Ac-£n-X-Xzhpw F¶sshcp²yw F§s\ ]cn-l-cn¡pw?Agn-a-Xn-¡mÀ F¶pt]cp-hoW DtZym-K-Øsc amdn-amdn hcp¶ kÀ¡m-cp-IÄ kwc-£n-¡p-¶Xv F´p-sImv?Ch-sbÃmw kzIm-cy-hÂ¡-c-W- n-\-\p-Iq-e-amb Nn´m-KXn P\-§-fnÂ hf-cp-¶-Xn\p Imc-W-ambn«ptm? s]mXp-ta-J-e-Øm-]-\-§-sf-¸än hnZ-Kv[À ]e-t¸m-gmbn Nqn-¡m-Wn¨ Imcyw

ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bnÂ kv{XoI-fpsS ]¦m-fn¯w AÀ°-h- mb cq]- nÂ Dd- m-¡m\pw Ah-cpsS sXmgnepw hcp -am -\hpw hÀ²n -¸n -¡m\pwFs´ms¡ coXn-bn-epÅ \b-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Bh-iy-amWv?hnZym-`ym-khpw sshZ-Kv[yhpw A[ym-\-ti-jn-bp-apÅkv{XoI-fpsS Hcp kwL-SnX {Ko¸mbn IpSpw-_-{insbCXp-hsc hfÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h-cm³ Ign-ªn-«n-sÃ-¶XpwHcp hkvXp-X-b-tÃ. IpSpw-_-{io-IÄ kq£va hmbv]-bnÂ\n¶v kq£va kwcw-`-§-fmbn amdm-¯-sX-´p-sIm-m-Wv. hnP-bn¨ kq£va kwcw` ]co-£-W-§Ä F´p-sImv hn]p-e-s -Sp- m³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã.

`c-W-\nÀh-l-W-amWv NÀ¨ sNt¿ asämcp ImcywP\-Io-bm-kq-{XW {]hÀ¯-a-§-fpsS ê-ambn CucwK¯v [mcmfw P\m-\p-Iqe amä-§Ä Dm-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«p-W-A-sS-¶Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-sW-¦nepw C\nbpwF{Xtbm amä-§Ä `c-W-cw-K¯v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. HcpASn-¯d F¶ \ne-bnÂ GsXms¡ Xc-¯n-epÅ amä-§-fmWv A[n-Im-c-tI-{µo-I-c-W-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v tIc-f- nÂ C\nbpw \S-t¯-Xv FÃm {]iv\-§Ä¡pw]cn-lmcw #v[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-a-ÃtÃm? AtX-k-abwhnI-k\w {]{In-b-bnse Bkq-{X-Ww, hntI-{µo-I-c-Ww,P\-]-¦m-fn¯w F¶nh D^- m-¡m³ {]mtZ-inI c-W-kw-hn-[m-\s¯ iàn-s¸-Sp- pI hgn Ign-bp-sa-¶-XmWv\½psS A\p- -hw. AXn-\mÂ Cu cwKs¯ XpSÀ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw amä-§fpw GXv Zni-bn-em-bn-cn-¡Ww? AÀ°-h-¯mb hntI-{µo-I-cWw \S-¸m-¡m³ Ign-ª-BÂAsXm-cp-]t£ ]gb tIcf hnI-k\ amXr-I-bpsS HcpssPhn-I-ap-t¶-ä-ambn IW-¡m-¡m-hp-¶-XsÃ? F¶mÂAsXm-cn-¡epw ]g-b-Xn-te-bv¡pÅ Xncn- p-t]m¡v BI-cp-XtÃm adn¨v ]pXnb amä-§sf DÄs¡m-Åp-¶Xpw`mhn shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶-Xp-amb Hcp `cW ]p\-kw-L-S-\-sasÃ C¶v Bh-iy-am-bn-«p-ÅXv? Cu Zni-bnÂFs´ms¡ amä-§-fmWv thn-h-cp-¶Xv? ]uc kwc-£Ww Hcm-fpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv, Bcp-tSbpw HuZm-cy-§-fÃ F¶mÂ-Hu-Zm-cy-MvlÄ Zm\w \ÂIp¶ coXn-bn-epÅ sImtfm-Wn-bÂ Nn´m-KXn Xs¶-bsÃ kÀ¡mÀHmô-kn-I-fnÂ C¶pw \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv? Cu kao-]-\-¯n-etÃ amäw htc-Xv? D¯-c-hm-Z-s¸« knhnÂkÀhokv F¶ cwK-t¯bv¡v C\n-bpÅ \o¡-§ÄFs´m-s¡-bm-hWw?

B[p-\n-I-hÂ¡-cWw FÃm ca-K¯pw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Hcp imkv{Xo-b-kw-L-S-\-sb¶ \ne-bnÂ kaq-l-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnÂ Gsd ip`m-]vXn-hn-izm-k-apÅ\ne-]m-SmWv ]cn-j-¯n-tâXv kaq-ls¯ B[p-\n-I-hÂ¡-cn-¡p-¶-sX-§-s\-sb¶Xv {]m[m-\-ambpw Hcpcmjv{Sob {]iv\-amWv Xe§pw hne§pw DÅ b{´-

kl-I-cW taJe F¶Xv kzk{Ít¼m-f-¯n-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ ià-am-

sbmcp {]Xn-tcm-[m-bp-[-amWv F¶mÂIme-L«w Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ Cu km[y-X-

bvs¡m¯v Db-cm³ tIc-f- nÂC¶pÅ kl-I-cW {]Øm-\- n\v Ign-

bp-¶ptm?


37

A[n-Ir-XÀ XpSÀ -bmbn Ah-K-Wn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶nsÃ?th-hn-[-¯n-Â Imcy-§Ä sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶-Xnsâ ]cm-Pbw IqSnsÃ Ct¸m-gs¯ Ah-Ø-sb¶v IqSn NÀ¨sNt¿--XntÃ?

Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb sXmgnÂ kwkvImcw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-XnÂ \mw ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sm³ Imc-W-sa´v?KÄ^nÂ t]mbmÂ GXp sXmgnepw sN¿m³ k¶-²-\mb ae-bmfn F´p-sImv \m«nÂ AtX sXmgnÂsN¿m³ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶nÃ? AsÃ-¦nÂ F´p-sImv C{X-b-[nIw A\y-kw-Øm-\-sXm-gn -em-fn -IÄ Ct§m«phtcn hcp-¶p.? \ymb-amb Iqenbpw am\y-amb sXmgnÂkml-N-cy-§fpw Dd-¸m-¡m³ klm-bn¨ sXmgn-emfnkwL-S-\-IÄ F´p-sIm-v DÂ¸m-Z-\-£-a-I-XbpwsXmgn-ep- -c-hm-Zn- - n\pw thn {ian-¡p-¶nÃ. \nÊm-c-amb {]iv\-§-fpsS t]cnÂ \mSnsâ hnI-k\ {]Xo-£-I-fmb ]e ]²-Xn-Ifpw hgn-ap-«p-¶-Xns\ F§-s\-bmWv t\cn-tS-Xv? kv{XoI-fpsS Ipdª sXmgnÂ]¦m-fn¯ \nc¡v tIc-f-¯nse Hcp {][m\ {]iv\-ambnNqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶pv. sXmgnÂ ]¦m-fn¯w hfsc Ipd-hm-sW-¶mWv ]cn-jXv \S- nb {ko]-Zhn ]T-\hpw

hÂ¡-cWw B[p-\n-I-hÂ¡-c-W-atÃ AtX kabwimkv{X-km-t¦-XnI cwKs¯ FÃm ]pXnb amä-§-sfbpwDÄs¡m-Åm-\pÅ tijnbpw Ignhpw BÀPn-¡m³ kaq-l-¯n\v Ign-bp-Ibpw th-Xpv ka-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X-ambHcp hb-h-Ø-bpsS Øm]-\-¯n-eq-sSbpw B ka-Xzm-[n-jvTnX kaq-l- nsâ \ne-\nÂ¸n-\m-h-iy-amb Xc- n-epÅ DÂ¸m-Z\ iàn-I-fpsS hnIm-k-¯n-eq-sS-bp-asÃB[p-\n-IX km[y-am-tI-Xv? F¦nÂ ka-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp kaql krjvSn-bm-hWw B[p-\n-I-K-X-bpsSapt¶m-cp¡w AXnsâ \ne-\nÂ¸n-\m-h-iy-amb Xc- nÂCÂ¸m-Z\ iàn-Isf hnI-kn- n-s -Sp-¡m-\sÃ {ian-t¡-Xv? At¸mÄ AXn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-ftÃ thn-h-cp-¶Xv AXnsâ hnI-k-\-¯n-\tÃ Du¶Â \ÂtI-Xv? AÃmsX B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS t]cnÂ Øm\¯pw AØm-\¯pw Ipsd-tbsdkmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy {]tbm-Kn- -Xp-sImp am{Xw DÂ¸m-Z\iànIfpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb hnIm-khpw D]-tbm-Khpwkm[y-a-sÃ¶ Xncn- -dnhv kaq-l- nÂ Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-t¡--XnsÃ? adn-¨pÅ GsXmcp \o¡hpw C¶s¯Ak- p-en-Xm-h-Øsb ZrVo-I-cn-¡m-\pw hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡m\pw am{X-asÃ klm-bn-¡p-I-bp-Åp. Ahn-sSbpw{]m[m\w A\p-tbm-Py-amb kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw sshZ-Kv[y-t]m-j-W-hp-asÃ? Zcn{Z P\-hn-`m-K-¯nsâ XmÂ]-cy-§Ä kwc-£n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ GsXmcp \o¡hpwC¶s¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ kwLÀjm-ß-I-am-\tÃ km[yX? imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-XnI hnZy-bp-sSbpwimkv{Xob Kth-j-W-¯n-sâbpw P\-Io-bX Dd-¸m-¡m\pw imkv{Xs¯ tamN-\-t¸m-cm-«-¯n\pÅ Bbp-[-am-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶-Xnsâ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä Fs´m-s¡-bm-hWw? AtX-k-abw Xs¶ C¶v temI-amsI iàn-s -«p-h-cp¶ UnPn-äÂ km£-c-X-bpsS km[y-X-IÄ FÃm-hn-`mKw P\-§Ä¡pw Hcp coXn-bn-e-sÃ-¦nÂ asämcpcoXn-bnÂ C]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-b-Ww. s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k- nsâ kmam-\y-hÂ¡-cWw t]mse UnPn-äÂ km£-c-X-bpsS km[y-X-Ifpw Ah-k-c-§fpw FÃm-hÀ¡pwkuP-\y-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bt?

Hmtcm-hn-`m-K- n\v ]nd-Inepw (a-®v, shÅw F¶n-§-s\) Hcp Kth-jW Øm]-\-apÅ A]qÀh kwØm-\-am-WtÃm tIcfw F¶n«pw AXn-sâ-sbm¶pw KpWw\½psS Bkq-{XW hnI-k\ {]{In-b-b-I-fnÂ {]Xn-^-en¨p ImWp-¶n-ÃtÃm Fhn-sS-bmWv ]nghv? Øm]-\-§-fpsS Imcy-ti-jn-bmtWm? AtXm kÀ¡m-cnsâ \ne-]m-Sm-tWm?

tIcf hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n NÀ¨sNt¿ asäm-¶mWv Chn-Sps¯ kl-I-cW {]Øm-\-¯n-sâbpw Øm]-\-§-fp-sSbpw km[y-X-IÄ It¼m-

kzk{´ It¼m-f-¯n-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ ià-am-sbmcp{]Xn-tcm-[m-bp-[-amWv F¶mÂ Ime-L«w Bh-iy-s -Sp¶ Cu km[y-X-bvs¡m¯v Db-cm³ tIc-f-¯nÂC¶pÅ kl-I-cW {]Øm-\-¯n\v Ign-bp-¶ptm?I£n-cm-jv{So-b-¯nsâ AXn {]k-c-¯nÂ \n¶v kl-I-cW cwKs¯ tamNn- n-t¡--Xn-sÃ. Cu cwKs¯ hen-sbmcp \nt£-]hpw emMhpw tIc-f-¯nsâ hnI-k-\-¯n-\mbn GsXms¡ coXn-bnÂ {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp¯mw?kl-I-cW Øm]-\-§Ä tIhew ]Ww CS-]mSv Øm]-\-§-fmbn Npcp-§p-I-bmtÃm th-Xv. CÂ¸m-Z\{]{Xnsb Nen-¸n-¡p¶ NmeI iàn-bmbn amdp-ItÃthXv? C{X-tbsd thtcm«w tIc-f- nÂ kl-I-cW{]Øm-\-¯n\v t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«p-s-¦nepwDÂ¸m-Z-\-£-a-am-sbmcp [Àaw \nd-th-äm³ tIc-f- nsekl-I-cW {]Øm-\-¯n\v th{X C\nbpw Ign-bm-¯-sX-´p-sIm-mhmw? F¶mÂ C´ybv¡v t]mepwamXr-I-bm-Im-hp¶ Øm]-\-§Ä (Du-cm-fp-¦Â sXmgn-emfn kl-I-c-W-kw-Lw, C´y³ tIm^n lukv F¶n-§-s\) tIc-e-¯nÂ Xs¶ ]e cwK¯pw iàn-s¸«phcp-¶p--Xm\pw At¸mgpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bpsS ià-amb IS-¶m-{I-a-W-§sf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-hn[w kl-I-cW kwhn-[m-\-§Ä Dm-bn-h-cp-¶nÃ DZm: hnZym-`ymk cwK¯v kzm{i-b-Øm-]-\-§Ä AS-¡n-hm-gp-t¼mgpw AXn\v Øm\-am-b-Iq-Sp-XÂ sa¨-s¸« _ZÂØm]-\-§Ä Fs´m-sImv kl-I-cW cwK¯vhfÀ¶p-h-cp-¶nÃ? kl-I-cW Akv]{Xn-IÄ C¶s¯coXn-bnÂ Xs¶-bmtWm {]hÀ¯n-t¡--Xv. AXp-hgnImcy-amb t\«-§Ä km[m-cW P\-§Ä¡v e`n-¡p-¶p-tm?

C¶s¯ Bhiyw ]pXn-sbmcp hnI-k\ amXr-I-bmWv P\-Iob apt¶-ä-§Ä hgn cq]-s¸« ]gb hnI-k\ amXrI CXn-\Iw ZpÀ_-e-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. hnI-k-\-¯nse am\p-jnI ]cn-K-W-\-IÄ hen-sbmcp ]cn-[n-hscXs¶ CÃm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. It¼m-fm-[n-jvTnX X{ -§Ä]qÀhm-[nIw iàn-s -«p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ P\-§-fnÂ \sÃmcp `mKhpw B{K-ln-¡p-¶Xv kmaqly\oXn-bnÂ A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnI-k\ amXrI ]p\xØm]n-¡m-\mWv F¶mÂ am[y-a-§Ä IqSn It¼m-f- n\v B\p-Ip-e-am-b-tXmsS P\-§-fpsS Nn´bpw Pohn-Xm-\p- hpw]c-kv]cw s]mcp- -an-Ãm-Xm-hp-I-bm-Wv. tIcf hnI-k\wt\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§Ä FÃm-hÀ¡pw ]cn-N-b-ap-Å-Xm-Wv.F¶n«pw AXv ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ Hcp mK v\n¶pw Imcy-ambn Dm-Ip-¶nÃ CXv F´p-sImv F¶p-Å-A-t\z-j-W- n-\m-bn-cn-¡Ww ap³Xq¡w \ÂtI-XvAÃmsX {]iv\-§-fnÂ \n¶v {]iv\-§-fn-tebv¡v \o§n-s¡m-pÅ NÀ -IÄ A`n-Im-ay-am-I-W-sa-¶n-Ã-tÃm?

Cu kml-N-cy- nÂ, hnI-k\ {]{Xn-b-bnse s\Ãpw]Xncpw thÀXn-cn-s -Sp-¡pI {]bm-k-I-c-am-Imw. F¶mÂHcp kmaqly imkv{XÚ kqNn- n- Xp t]mse Akm-[y -am -b -Xns\ km[y -am -¡-em -WtÃm cmjv {Sob{]hÀ¯\w cmjv{So-b-amb Cu COm-iàn F´p-sImv tIc-f-¯nÂ iàn-s -Sp-¶n-Ã. hnI-k\ cmjv{So-b-¯nsâ Cu A`mhw P\-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Znim-t_m-


38

f-¯nsâ A[o-iXzw kl-I-cW{]Øm-\s¯ {]k-à-am-¡p-IbpwNne-t¸mÄ A{]-k-à-am-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv. kl-I-cW taJe F¶Xv

[s¯ Xs¶ ZpÀ_-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.AXn-\mÂ hnI-k-\-¯nsâ AÀ°-im-kv{Xhpw P\-]£ cmjv{So-bhpwaqÀ¯-amb tIc-fob A\p-`-h-§-fpsS ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ ]p\-cm-hn-jv¡-cn -¡p-¶Xv F§-s\-sb-¶m-hWw F¶v NÀ¨ Dm-tI--Xv.


39

kz]v\-an-Ãm¯ \n{Z-bn-eqsS \þ£{X-an-Ãm¯ cmhn-te-¡o-hn[wt]mb-sX-´n-t\-Im-In-bmbv; kz]v\-§þtfXn\pw \nXy-Im-ap-I-\mb \o.

hm\n-se- m-c-I-§-sf- m-g¯pIqSn \nXy-a-\p-[m-h\w sNbvXpþt]m¶ \osb-§p-t]mbn \£-{X-§þfmsI \ns¶- n-c-bp¶ cm{Xn-bnÂ?

]q¡-fn-Ãm¯ tXm¸nse apÄs¨-Snþ¡mSp\o hI-sª-§p-t]m-bv, ]qhp-IÄ\o«n \nsâ apä¯p \nÂ¡p¶ \Âþ¸mXn-cm-ap-Ãsb ad-s¶-¶-t]mÂ.

]q¡Ä \ns¶ hnfn-¡p¶p; ]q\n-emþ¸me \ns¶ hnfn-¡p¶p; \£-{XþPmehpw IpfnÀ¡mäpw kpK-ÔhpwkmÔy-Zo-]vXnbpw \nt¶ hnfn-¡p¶p

]q¡-fnÂ s]m³]-cm-K-ambv; ]q\n-emþthXnepw sh¬hn-ip-²n-bmbv; \£{XhoNn-bnÂ kzÀW-c-ivan-bmbv; F³a-\þÊmsI-tbmÀa-bmbv \o Xncn-s -¯ntbm?

IhnX . {]`m-hÀ½


40

[bv¡v AXv tI«-t¸mÄ t\cnb Hcp\Sp¡w tXm¶n. AhÄ H¶pw a\-Ên-em-Im-¯-Xp-t]mse \gvknsâ apJ-t¯bv¡vt\m¡n. bph-Xn-bmb \gvknsâ kqµ-c-amb apJ¯v Hcp ]p©ncn hncn-ªp.

""Ip«nsb UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXp''.Hcp Xh-W-IqSn A§s\ ]d-ªn«v

\gvkv n¯n-bnÂ Xq¡n-bn-cp¶ NmÀ«vFSp- p. Ft´m Fgp-Xn, hopw H¶p-IqSn cm[bpsS t\sc t\m¡n-bn«vhmXnÂ IS¶p t]mbn.

\K-c-¯nse t]cp-tI« kzImcyBkv]-{Xn-bnse kvs]jyÂ dqam-bn-cp¶pAXv. P\m-e-bpsS NnÃp-]m-fn-IÄ Xpd-¶n«v ]pd-t¯bv¡v t\m¡n Ccn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p cm[. cmw \ne-bnse B apdn-bn-en-cp¶v t\m¡n-bmÂ Bkv]-{Xn-bpsS{][m\ tKäp-hsc \¶mbn ImWmw.t\cw shfp-¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq. Ac

shfn- -¯nÂ \nc¶p InS-¡p¶ Imdp-IÄ. hnim-e-amb apä¯p-IqSn kmh-[m\w \S-¡p¶ a\p-jyÀ.cm{Xn Uyq«n Ignªv Be-ky-t¯msS \S¶pt]mIp¶ \gvkp-am-cpsS hkv{X-§Ä ]cn-k-c-¯nÂ\n¶pw thdn«v Ab-YmÀ°-amb Hcp-Xcw shfp-¸nÂImW-s¸-«p.

Ignª cm{Xn-bnÂ Aev]w-t]mepw Dd-§m³cm[bv¡v Ign-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. kpKp-tW-«\pw tN¨nbpwIqSn Ahsf AhnsS B¡n-bn«v aq¶p Znhkw Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. h¶ Znhkw Xs¶ FÃmw Ignªvt]mIm-sa-¶mWv ]d-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. t\cnb ]\n I-Xp-sImp cp Znhkw IqSn Ign-tbn h¶p. h¶Znhkw kÔybv¡v aS-§m-sa-¶mWv tN¨n ]d-ª-Xv.sshIp-t¶-c-am-b-t¸m-tgbv¡pw cm[bv¡v hÃmsXIpfnÀ¶p hnd-bv¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶n. a[y-h-b-Êmb Hcp \gvkmWv ]\n t\m¡m-s\-¯n-b-Xv.sXÀtam-ao-äÀ t\m¡p-t¼mgpw NmÀ«nÂ ]\n tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-t¼mgpw FÃmw AhÀ Hcp ]cn-lmk`mh-¯nÂcm[-bpsS apJ-t¯bv¡v kq£n¨p t\m¡p-IbpwsNbvXp. HSp-hnÂ a{´w t]mse AhÀ tNmZn-¨p.

""Bcm ]än- Xv? ''cm[-bpsS s\©nÂ Hcp CSn-hmÄ ]nS-ªp. a\Êv

]d-ªp. Bcpw Btcbpw ]än-¨n-«n-Ã. AhÀ t]mIp--s¶-¦nÂ t]mIs« F¶p IcpXn I®-S v InS-¶p.I®p Xpd-¶-t¸mÄ, aq¡n\v Xmsg t\À¯ tcma-§-fpÅ Ah-cpsS apJw t\tc apI-fnÂ Ip.

""s{^m^-kÀ kp\-µ-bpsS Bcm Ip«n?''AXn\pw au\w Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p adp-]-Sn. \gvkv

t]mIm³ mh-anÃ F¶p tXm¶n.""tIm¬{Sm-IvSÀ kpKp-W³, Ip«osS _Ôp-

hmtWm?''cm[ Ah-cpsS apJ-t¯bv¡v Xd-¸n¨p t\m¡n.

I®p-I-fnÂ Bhn- ]m-dp-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶n.""shdpsX tNmZn-s¨-t¶-bp-Åq. Bh-iy-ap-tÅmÀ¡v

ssZhw sImSp-¡p-¶n-Ã. thm-¯-hsc sI«n-tb-ev]n-¡p-¶p.''

shÅ-\n-d-¯n-epÅ Hcp \ngÂt]mse AhÀhmXnÂ IS-¶p-t]m-bn. AhÀ tNmZn¨ tNm-Zy-§Ä¡pÅ D¯-c-§Ä cm[-bpsS a\-ÊnÂ cq]wsImÅp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Rm³ cm[. Ah-cpsS Bcp-a-Ã. kvIqfnse]yqWnsâ aq¯-a-IÄ. ho«m-h-iy-§Ä¡pw A½bpsSNnIn-Õbv¡pw Cfb Ip«n-I-fpsS ]Tn-¸n\pw FÃm-apÅ sNehv Xm§m-\m-hmsX Dg-hp-Im-f-sb-t¸msehenªp \o§p¶ AÑs\ HmÀ¯v ]¯mw¢mtÊmsS ]Tn¸v \nÀ¯n-b-hÄ. AÑ³ Xs¶-bmWv

IY . sshim-J³

cm


41


42

t\ct¯ ]cn-N-b-apÅ kp\-µ-tN- n-bpsS ho«nÂthe-bv¡mbn B¡n-b-Xv. -kq-cy-\p-Zn-¡p-t¼m-tg¡pwRm³ AhnsS F¯pw. sshIp-t¶cw A©-cbv¡vtN¨n F¯p-t¼mÄ aS-§pw. A©p Intem-ao-äÀ_ÊnÂ k©-cn¨v ho«n-se- pw. ]IÂ apgp-h³ Bhenb hoSv Ftâ-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. D¨Ignªv aq¶caWn¡v kvIqÄ _ÊnÂ hosS- p¶ _nµp-tam-fpsSIfn-¡q-«p-Im-cnbpw Rm\m-bn-cp-¶p. ]IÂ Bcp h¶p-hn-fn-¨mepw hmXnÂ Xpd-¡-cp-sX-¶mWv kp\-µ-tN¨nFt¶mSv ]d-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. AhÀ h¶p-I-b-dp¶ Hcp]q¨-sb-t¸mepw HmSn-¨p-hn-Sm³ a\-¡-cp-¯n-Ãm¯ Hcp]mhw. aq¶p-amkw ap¼v tXmcmsX ag s]bvXn-cp¶Hcp Znhkw D¨bv¡v Rm³ Ahsc ad-¶p. BtcmtImfn-Mvs_Ãv XpSÀ¨-bmbn ASn-¨p-sIm-n-cp-¶p.BgvN -Xn-¸nse \o-I-Y-bnse \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS el-cn-]n-Sn¨ t{]a- nÂ Fsâ a\Êvap§nt¸mbn-cp-¶p. s_Ãnsâ i_vZw F\n¡v Npäpw]e-X-hW Nnd-I-Sn¨v ]d-¶p. £a-sI«v Fgp-t¶äv

sN¶p t\m¡n. Imdv apä¯p InS-¶n-cp-¶p. kpKp-tW-«³ P\m-e-bv¡-cn-InÂ h¶p. Rm³ hmXnÂ Xpd-¶p.]Xn-hn-Ãm¯ Hcp Nncn-tbm-sS-bmWv kpKp-tW«³ Ib-dn-h-¶-Xv. GtXm henb Hcp tIm¬{SmIvSv ]Wn Xc-s¸-«p-sh¶v ]d-ªp-sImv kpKp-tW-«³ Fs¶tNÀ¯p ]nSn-¨p. A¶mWv BZy-ambn aZy¯nsâaWw Rm\dn-bp-¶-Xv. F\n¡v F´p-sImtm X«n-\o-¡m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. B \nanjw Hcp Imcyw Rm\-dnªp kpKp-tW-«s\ F\n¡v A{Xbv¡v CjvS-am-bn-cp-¶p.

Bkv]-{Xn-bpsS apä-t¯bv¡v shfp¯ Aw_m-kn-UÀ kmh-[m\w Ib-dn-h-cp-¶Xv cm[ Ip. tUmÀXpd¶v kpKp-tW-«\pw kp\-µ-tN- nbpw Cd-§n.

cm[ [rXn-bnÂ Fgp-t¶äv It_m-UnÂ h¨n-cp¶hkv{X-§fpw tkm¸p-s]-«nbpw FÃmw FSp¯v kq«vtIkn-em-¡n. I«nepw taibpw Itk-cbpw FÃmwXqshÅ \nd-¯n-em-bn-cp¶ B apdn-tbmSv Hc-Sp- hpwAhÄ¡v tXm¶n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. a[y-h-b-kvI-bmb \gvkv


43

tNmZn¨ AtX tNmZy-§Ä Bapdn-bnse Hmtcm hkvXphpw Ah-tfmSv tNmZn-¡p¶XmbnAhÄ¡v tXm¶n.

]n³ko-änÂ cm[ am{XtaDm-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. ap³ko-än-en-cp¶ kp\µ-tN-¨n-bpsS apSnImänÂ ]mdn. kpKp-tW-«³ \nÈ-_vZ-\mbn Imtdm-Sn-¨p-sIm-n-cp-¶p. XWp¯ Imäv apJ¯v Fä-t¸mÄ cm[ Nmcn-¡n-S-¶p. ]n¶n-tebv¡v AXn-thKw\o§nbncp¶ sNSn-I-fpsS Xe-¸p-Ifpw Aev]w AIse kmh-[m\w \o§nb sX§n³tXm¸pwt\m¡n Be-ky-t¯msS AhÄA§s\ InS-¶p. Iptd-b-Ise\n¶-\n-ev]nÂ sasÃ Xncn-bm³XpS-§nb ae-bpsS ]n¶nÂ\n¶pw Nph¶ shfn¨w Bfn- -S-cp-¶p. hn«p-t]m¶ apdn-bpsSshfp¯ iq\yX aWÂ¡m-Sp-t]mse a\-ÊnÂ ]c¶p InS-¶p.Bew-_-an-ÃmsX Ft§mt«mHgpIn t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Bsc-¦nepw Fs´-¦nepw kwkm-cn-s¨-¦nÂ B i_vZw ]nSn-h-Ån-bmbnc£-s¸-Sm³ {ian-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p.

s]s«-¶mWv Imdn-\p-ÅnseÌocn-tbm-hnÂ \n¶pw kwKoXwHgp-In-h-¶-Xv.

IrjvWm \o t_Ks\_mtdmþ

cm[bv¡v B IoÀ¯\w ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. kp\-µ-tN¨n HcpZnhkw AXnsâ AÀ°hpw ]d-ªp-X-¶-Xm-Wv. Ah hyà-ambnHmÀ½ h¶n-Ã. F¦nepwIrjvWm \o thKw hcq F¶va\Êv ]d-ªp. Nne sshIp-t¶c§-fnÂ kp\-µ-tN¨n _nµp-tam-tfbpw kqKp-tW-«-t\bpwkwKoXw ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ {ian-¡m-dp-ÅXpw AhÄ HmÀ¯p. tImtf-PnÂ \n¶pw AhÀ h¶p Ib-dp-

¶Xp Xs¶ ]m«v aqfn--s¡m-m-bn-cn-¡pw. ]Tn-¸n- n-cp-¶Xv ck-X-{ -am-sW-¦nepw kwKo-X- n-emWv Ah-cpsS Poh³. kuIcyw In«p-t¼m-sgms¡ kwKo-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Ah-tfmSpw Gsd kwkm-cn-¡pw. ]mSntIÄ¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

þ\oe X_m-hp-en, \oe hÀWs\\mSy-h-\m-SpX _mtdmþ]n³ko-änÂ Nmcn Ccp¶ cm[ I®p-I-f-S- p. a\-

Ênse aWÂ¡mSv amªp. Nph¸v ]S-cp¶ BImiwa\-Ên-emsI \nd-bp-¶p. AhÀ Ah-sf-¡p-dn¨v Fs´-¦nepw ]d-bp-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p Ah-fpsS {]Xo£. AXptIÄ¡m-\mbn«mWv ImdnÂ ]pd-s -«-Xp-ap-XÂ Xo{h-ambn B{K-ln- -Xv. B B{K-l- n\v taÂ aªp-t]mse IoÀ¯\w s]mgnªp hoWp-sIm-n-cp-¶p.

""Ct¸m-sg- n-\mWv CXv h¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv?''tN¨n-bpsS ]cp-j-amb kzcw-tI«v cm[ I®p-Xp-d-

¶p. AhÄ¡v hniz-kn-¡m-\m-bn-Ã. IoÀ¯\w h¨n-cn-

¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨mtWm tN¨n C§s\ tNmZn- -Xv.""F´m-sW-¶-dn-bnÃ F\n¡v IeymWn tIÄ¡-W-

sa¶p tXm¶n''kpKp-tW-«³ Hcp £am-]Ww t]mse-bmWv

A§s\ ]d-ªXv F¶p tXm¶n. H¸w IoÀ¯-\-¯nsâ i_vZw Ipd-bv¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

""Ieym-Wntbm CXv Ieym-WnbmsW-¶mtWmCt¸mgpw [cn-¨p-h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \Ã kwKo-X-t_m-[w.''

""]ns¶, CsX´m?''""CXp bap-\m-I-eymWn ba³ Ieym-Wn-sb-¶pw

]dbpw Adn-bm³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯Xv ]d-b-cpXv. shdpsX]pc-µ-c-Zm-ks\ A]-am-\n-¡-cp-Xv.''

tN¨n A\m-h-iy-ambn s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.CXn-en{X tZjy-s¸-Sm-s\-ń-cn-¡p-¶p.

""CXv Ieym-Wn-bm-sW¶v kp\µ Xs¶ ap¼v ]d-ªn-«p--tÃm.''

""Rmt\m, Rms\m-cn-¡epw A§-s\ ]d-ªn-«n-Ã.


44

]d-bp-I-bp-an-Ã. Ieym-Wn¡v enan-tä-j³kv CÃ. AXv {Ia-k-¼qÀ®-amb cmK-am-Wv. AsÃ-¦nepw\n§Ä¡v enan-tä-j³kv DÅXpwCÃm-¯Xpw H¶pw Adn-ªpIqS-tÃm.''

kp\-µ-tN¨n Ic-bp-¶ptmF¶v cm[bv¡v kwibw tXm¶n.AhÀ¡v cm[-sb-¡p-dn¨v H¶pw ]d-bm-\ntÃ? cm[bv¡v Xs¶-¡p-dn¨vNnń-¡m-\pÅ Ignhv ssItamiwh¶p F¶v AhÀ¡v Adn-ªp-IqsS?

Imdn-\p-Ånse kwKoXw \ne-¨p. Ct¸mÄ F³Pnsâ apcfepwImänsâ t\À¯ Cc-¼hpw am{Xw.cm[ hopw Nmcn-¡n-S¶v I®-S-¨p.HmÀ¡m-¸p-d¯v s]cp-a-g-s]bvX HcpD¨bv¡v IXIp Xpd-¡m³ Hcp-s¼-Sp¶ cm[sb kÀh-i-ànbpw kw`-cn¨v hne-¡-W-sa¶v AhÄ B{K-ln-¨p.

""\ns¶ Ahcv c£n¡pw.\n\¡v am{X-aÃ \½psS IpSpw-_-¯n\v Xs¶ Ah-ctÃ Ct¸mÄ Hcm-{i-bw.''

AÑ³ ]d-ªXv cm[ HmÀ½n-¨p. A\n-bs\ tImtf-PnÂtNÀ¡m³ t\c¯v klmbw tXSnh¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p AÑ³. kp\-µ-tN¨n sImSp¯ ]Whpw hm§naS-§p-t¼mÄ AÑ³ I®pXpS-bv¡p-¶Xp Ip.

Imdp \n¶p. Hcp hoSnsâtKän\v ap¼n-emWv AXv \n¶-Xv.At¸m-tg¡pw ho«n-\p-ÅnÂ \n¶pw_nµp-tamfpw Iq«p-Imcn civanbpwHmSn-bn-d-§n-h-¶p. tUmÀ Xpd-¡m³{ian-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ _nµp-tamÄtNmZn-¨p.

""tNösS ]\n amdntbm?''""amdn tamtf''ap³ko-än-en-cp¶ kp\-µ-t¨¨n

]d-ªp.""_nµp. ChnsS tIdn-t¡mfq''.""Rm³ cm[-t¨- osS IqsSþ''

""ChnsS Ib-dm-\tÃ ]d-ª-Xv.''A½-bpsS kzc¯nse NqSnÂ _nµp-tam-fpsS

apJs¯ Nncn Bhn-bm-bn-t¸m-bn. Ip«n H¶pw ]d-bmsX ap¶nÂ Ib-dn. A½-bp-tSbpw A-Ñ-tâbpw\Sp¡v Ccp-¶p. Imdv hopw \o§n-b-t¸mÄ Xes]m´n¨v cm[-bpsS t\sc t\m¡n I®n-dp-¡n.

ho«n-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ cm[-bmWv BZyw Cd-§n-b-Xv.AhÄ t\sc ASp-¡-f-bn-te¡v \S-¶p. _nµp-tamÄ]n¶mse h¶v kmcn-bnÂ ]nSn¨p hen-¨p.

""\msf-bn-Sm-\pÅ bqWnt^mw apjn-ªp-In-S-Izm.C -¯s¶ \\- n-SWw \\bvt¡zm?''

""\\bv¡mw ''""]\n icn¡pw amdntbm? ''""amdn''hnizmkw hcm-¯-Xp-t]mse _nµp-tamÄ cm[-bpsS

apJ-t¯bv¡v kq£n-¨p-t\m-¡n. ]n¶oSv ap³hi-t¯bv¡v HmSn.

bqWnt^mw FSp- p-sImv cm[ ]n³h-is¯apä-¯pÅ IÃn-\-cn-InÂ sN¶p-\n-¶p. XpWn _¡-änÂap¡n. _¡-änÂ shÅ-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. kzbw imkn- p-sImv ss]¸v Xncn-¨p. Sm¸nÂ \n¶pw Hcp D¨-bpsSHmÀ½ Bc-h-t¯msS IpXn¨v _¡-änÂ \nd-bp-¶XvAdn-ª-t¸mÄ cm[bv¡v icocw Xf-cp-¶-Xp-t]msetXm¶n. s]s«¶v Sm¸v Xncn¨v shÅw \nÀ¯n.XpWn¡v tkm¸n-Sp-¶-XnÂ am{Xw {i²n-¡m³ AhÄ_²-s -«p. At¸m-gmWv ]n¶nÂ Btcm h¶v \nev¡p-¶-Xmbn tXm¶n-b-Xv. tkm¸n-Sp-¶Xv \nÀ¯m-sX-Xs¶t\m¡nþ kp\-µ-t¨- n. cm[ s]s«¶v \nhÀ¶p-\n-¶p.

""Ip«n. \nsâ AÑ³ h¶n-«p-v. hcm³ ]dªv

Rm³ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-XmWv- ''cm[ Ah-cpsS apJ-t¯bv¡v Xs¶ t\m¡n

A§s\ \n¶p-t]m-bn. ]mZ-§-fnÂ \n¶pw Hcp ac-hn¸vCgªp Ib-dp-¶p. ""\o t]Sn-¡-. Fsâ sNdn-b½ChnsS h¶p Xma-kn-¡p-hm³ t]mIp-hm-sW¶pwAXp-sImv asäm-cm-sf-¡qSn thm-¯-Xp-sIm-mWv\ns¶ Xncn- -b-bv¡p-¶Xv F¶pw IqSn Rm³ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p.''

cm[ \nÈ-_vZ-bmbn Xncnªv XpWn¡v tkm¸n-Sp-¶Xp XpSÀ¶p. Hcm-bncw sNdnb BIm-i-§Ä. Htcm-¶n-sâbpw s\©nÂ Hmtcm ag-hn-Ãp-IÄ. kp\-µ-t¨¨nt]mImsX Ahn-sS- s¶ \nÂ¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.BIm-i-§Ä Hmtcm-¶mbn Xmt\ XI-cp-¶Xpwt\m¡n cm[ \n¶p.

""thKw ht¶m-fq. kqKp--tW-«³ _nµp-tam-sfbpwIq«n ]pd-t¯bv¡v t]mbn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. \nsâ XpWn-Ifpw aäpw _mKn-em¡n h¨n«pv.''

cm[ hopw \nhÀ¶p \n¶p. \nd-sªm-gp-InbI®oÀ XpS-bv¡m³ t]mepw AhÄ¡v Ign-ªn-Ã.kp\-µ-t¨¨n kmcn-¯p-¼p-bÀ¯n I®oÀ XpS-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯p.

""\nsâ IeymWw F¶m-sW-¦nepw A¶v, ap¼v ]d-ªn-cp-¶-Xp-t]mse th-sXms¡ sN¿m-sa¶vAÑ\v Rm³ hm¡p sImSp- n-«p-v.''

XpWn \\¨v DW-§m-\n-«n-«mWv cm[ ]pd-s -«-Xv._mKp-sa-Sp¯v AÑsâ ]n¶mse Cd-§p-t¼mÄshbnÂ ]c-¡m³ XpS-§p-¶-tX-bp-Åq. tKäv IS-¡p-t¼mÄ cm[ H¶v Xncnªp t\m¡n. kp\-µ-t¨¨n apä-¯p-Xs¶ \nÂ¡p-¶p. Hcp \ne-hn-fn-t]m-se.


45


46

{]W-b-Im-e¯vknµq-c-¡p-dn-bn-te¡v \o´p¶ Ipdp-\n-c-IÄkar-²-am-bn-cp¶ \nsâ s\än-¯Sw IvRm³ tamln-X-\m-bn-cp-¶p.s\än-tbmSv tNÀ¶vFs¶ {`m´v ]nSn-¸n-¨p-sIm-n-cp¶\nsâ \oe-k-tcm-h-c-§Ä.

lkvX-tc-J-IÄ F¶-Xp-t]mses\än-bnse AS-bm-f-§-fnÂ \n¶pw{XnIm-e-§Ä hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m-sa¶v \ob¶v Ifn ]d-ªp.

s\än-bnÂ a\w sXfn-ªp-h-cp-¶Xv Rm³ Ip]I hcp-t¼mÄ kÀ¸-s¯-t¸mse Npcpv`b-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ am³Ip-ªn-s\-t¸mse HXp§nNn´m-[o-\-am-hp-t¼mÄ tNmZy-NnÓw t]mse hfªvt¢i-§-fnÂ hnbÀ¯p-Ip-fn¨v{]W-b-]m-c-h-iy-§Ä tdmkm-Z-f-t¯-¡mÄ arZp-e-ambns\än-bnse tcJ-IÄ.

Nmc-h-Sp-¡Ä amªp-t]m-Im¯ kva-¯nsâ àn-\n-Êw-KXkoa- -kn-µq-c-¯nÂ awK-ey-¯nsâ \ndhvawK--f-th-f-bnÂ If- -¡q-«nsâ sXmSp-Ipdnap¯-an-Sp-t¼mÄ NpnÂ ]S-cp-¶ Ip¦pawa\-¡-e-¡-¯nÂ s\SpsI ]nfÀ¶pwsXfn-t\-c-§-fnÂ {]km-Z- -cn-X-ambpws\än-¯Sw \½psS Ncn{Xw tcJ-s -Sp- n-s¡m-n-cp-¶p.

s\än `qan-tbmSv tNÀ¯v Kpcp-¡-tfbpws\än-IÄ X½nÂ tNÀ¯v an{X-§-tfbpw AS-bm-f-s -Sp¯nBbpÊv ]IpXn ]n¶n-Spt¼mgmWvs\än-bnÂ ]mSp-IÄ Ønc-s¸-Sp-¶XvFt¸mgpw Nn´m-[o\w, `bm-{Im-´w, kwi-b-a-bw, DtZz-K- -cnXw]cn-¡p-I-fpsS ambm-¸m-Sp-IÄIpdp-\n-c-IÄ¡p ]Icw shÅn-\m-cp-IÄ Xq§n-bm-Sp¶pshfn¨w sI« I®p-IÄ ]c-`m-K-¾m-\X ]I-cp¶pPc-bpsS \pg-ªp-I-bäwad-¨p-sh-¡m³ sImXn-¡p-¶-sXÃmws\än ]pd-´-Åp-¶p.

BÄ¯n-c-¡nÂ IpSp-§p-t¼mÄ ]Xn-hn-Ãm¯hn[w\o t]Sn-¡p-¶-sX´v?s\än-I-fnÂ Im¬aXv{Xniq-e- - ntbm kÀ¸- -W-Nn-ÓtamF¶p \o Bcm-bp-¶-sX´v?Ip¦p-a-¡p-dnbpw \nkvIm-c-¯-g¼pwIpcn-i-S-bm-f- nsâ Icn-¡p-dnbpwBÄ¡q-«-¯nÂ sXfn-ªp-Ivs\än-IÄ Ct¸mÄ bp²-{]-Jym-]-\-§-fm-sW¶v\o \ne-hn-fn-¡p-¶-sX´v?

\nsâ \oe-k-tcm-h-c-§Ä AS- p-sh-¡pI

koa- -kn-µq-c-¯nÂ Hcp-Npw-_\w X¶vRms\sâ Npp-IÄ Nph-¸n-¡s«


47

IhnX . cmhp®n

Xn-tema iàn-I-fpsS tIcf¯n-se Dcp¡ptIm-«IfnÂ- H¶m-bn-cp¶ CSp¡n-Pn-ÃbnÂ- AhcpsScm-jv-{So-b kzm-[o-\w- CSn-ªpsIm-n-cn-¡pIbm-Wv-.-2001se \n-bak` sXcsªSp¸nÂ- Hcp ko-änÂ-t]m-epw- Pbn-¡m³- tIm¬-{Kkn-\m-bn-Ã.Cu- km-lNcy- nÂ- hn-dfn-]n-Sn- tIm¬-{Kkv-t\Xr-Xzw- ]ptcm-K-a\{]Øm-\-§sfXIÀ-¡m-\pff KqV]-²Xn X¿m-dm-¡n - {]hÀ-¯n-¡p¶Xm-bn-«m-Wv- kao-]Im-e kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p¶Xv.-

]{X-§-fn-eqsS h³- Ip{]NcW§fm-Wv-Hcp]äw- Zr-iy-am-[y-a§fpw- tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xr-Xz-hpw-- \S¯p¶Xv, -`cWkzm-[o-\w- D]tbm-Ks¸Sp¯n- AhÀ- CS-Xp-]£ t\Xm-¡sfbpw-A\p`m-hn-Isfbpw- ]o-Un-¸n-¡pIbpw- s]m-eo-kn -s\D]tbm -Kn -¨ v - Ifft¡kpIfnÂ -s¸Sp¯pIbpw- sNbv-Xphcp¶p.- Cu- km-lNcy-¯nÂ- 1982Â- im-´³-]m-d taJebnÂ- \S¶kw-`h§Ä- hkv-XpXm-]cam-bn-P\§Ä- Adn-bn-tbXpv.-

1968þ70IfnÂ- tXbn-e hy-hkm-b¯nÂ-kw-LSn-X t{SUv-bq-Wn-b³- {]hÀ-¯n-¨n-cp¶p.-sFF³-Sn-bpknbpw- FsFSn-bpknbpw- Iq-Sm-sX kn.-sF.-än.bp- t\Xr-Xz- n-epff tZhn-Ipfw-Fkv-tääv- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b\pam-Wv- Cu-cw-K v- {]hÀ-¯n- n-cp¶Xv.- F¶mÂ- Gew hy-hkm-b¯nÂ- apXem-fn -amÀ - sXm -gn -emfn -Isfs¡m-v- ASn-aIsft¸m-se tPm-en- FSp¸n-¨pt]m-¶p.- Gew- Fkv-tääpIÄ- Gsdbpw- Xan-gv-\m-«pIm-cm-b apXem-fn-am-cpsS DSaØXbnÂ-embn-cp¶p.- sXm-gn-seSp¡p¶hcn-Â- sNdn-b hn-`m-Kw- aebm-fn-Ifpw- `q-cn-]£w- Xan-gv- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpam-bn-cp¶p.- tXm-«w- DSaIÄ- I¦m-Wn-amÀ-hgn- \n-ban-¨n-cp¶ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v- kz-´am -bn -Fs´¦n -epw - kz -¯phIIÄDs¦nÂ- AhsbÃmw- apXem-fn -am-cpsSt]cnÂ- FgpXn-sIm-Sp¡Ww-.- AXv sXm-gnÂ-Dt]£n- v- t]m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m-\pw- aäpXc¯n-epffhne t]iepIÄ- \S¯m-Xn-cn-¡m-\pff ap³-IcpXÂ- Bbn-cp¶p.- sXm-gn-em-fn-IfnÂ- `m-cy-`À-¯m-¡³-am-sc Hcp tPmSn-bm-bn- IW¡m-¡n-bm-Wv- AUzm³-kv- \Â-In-bn-cp¶Xv.- IcmÀ-HcphÀ-jt¯¡pw.-Xan-gv-\m-«n-se ho-c]m-n-DÕht¯m-Sv- A\p_Ôn-¨m-Wv- apXem-fn-þsXm-gn-em-fn- IcmÀ- cq-]s¸Sp¯p¶Xv-.- apXem-fn-am-cpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw- I¦m-Wn-am-cpw- DÕhØe v- H¯ptNÀ-¶m-Wv- IcmÀ- Dd¸n-¡p¶Xv.-IcmÀ- BbmÂ- sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- Hcp ko-kWn-

se tPm-en- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-bm-Wv- \m-«n-te¡v- aS§pI.-Bkabw- tXm-«w- DSa `À-¯m-hn-\v- Hcp jÀ-«pw- appw-`m-cy-bv-¡v- Hcp tNebpw- (km-cn-bpw- »u-kpw)- \Â-Ipw-.-Iq-Sm-sX cpt]À-¡pw- Iq-Sn- apXem-fn- Ipd¨v- ]Whpw-\Â-IpIbm-Wv- ]Xn-hv-.

Cu- sXm-gn-em-fn- IpSpw-_§Ä-¡v- Hcp am-\pjn-I]cn-KW\bpw- tXm-«w- DSaIÄ- \Â-In-bn-cp¶n-Ã.- ]cam-h[n- A[zm-\n-¸n- v- sIm-ffem-`w- FSp¡pI am-{Xam-bn-cp¶p DSaIfpsS e£yw.- cm-hn-se 6 aWn-apXÂ- sshIn-«v- 6 aWn-hscbm-bn-cp¶p tPm-en- kabw.- ]Wn-Ign-ªv-Fkv-tääv- Hm-^o-knÂ- t]m-bn- HcpZn-hkt¯¡v HcpIpSpw-_¯n-\v- \n-iv-Nbn-¨n-«pff tKm-X¼v-(]Sn)- hm-§n-\\¨v- Ip¯n- Iªn-sh¨v- IpSn-¡pt¼m-tg¡pw- ]m-Xn-cm-{Xn- Ign-ªn-cn-¡pw.- ]n-täZn-hkw- kabw- sXäm-sXtPm-en-¡n-d§Ww.- CsÃ¦nÂ- ISp¯in-£sb t\cn-

teJ\w . sI.-sI. Pb-N-{µ³

{]


48

tSn-hcpw.-Hcp IpSpw -_¯n -\ v - Xm -akn -¡m³- F«Sn -

kaNXpc¯nÂ- ]pÃptaª IpSn-epIfm-Wv- Fkv-tääpIfnÂ- \Â-In-bn-cp¶Xv.- hnen-b Fkv-tääpIfnÂ- Iq-en-sse\pIfpw.- AXm-Is« Im-en-sXm-gp¯n-t\¡mÄ-hr-¯n-lo-\w.- KÀ-`n-Wn-Ifm-b kv-{Xo-sXm-gn-emfn-IfpsSØnX Gsd Zb\o-bam -bn -cp¶p. - {]kh¯n-sâA¶phsc tPm -en - sNt¿n -bn -c p¶ AhØ.-{]khmh[n- ]cam-h[n- 15 Zn -hkw- am-{Xw. - tNm-c¡pªp§sf ]Wn-Øe¯pXs¶ ap¡m-enÂ- sI«n-tNesIm-v- sXm-«n-epm-¡n- AXnÂ- In-S¯n-bm-Wv- tPm-en-sNbv-Xn-cp¶Xv.- apXem-fn-am-cpw- am-t\PÀ-am-cpw- kv-{Xo-sXm-gn-em-fn-Isf ssew-Kn-Iam-bn- ]oUn- n-¡p¶Xpw- ]Xn-hm-bn-cp¶p.- Bsc¦n-epw- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xm-Â- Ahscim-co-cn-Iam-bn-Xs¶ CÃm-Xm-¡pw.- C¯cw- kw- h§fnÂ-km-[m-cWKXn-bn-epff tIkpIÄ- t]m-epw- Dm-In-Ã.-{]Xn-Iq-e Im-ehØbpw- ITn-\m-²zm\hpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-Isf \n-Xy-tcm-Kn-Ifm-¡n- am-än.-

1968 Â- aq¶mÀ- I®³-tZh³- I¼\n- Fkv-tääv- ,-aebm-fw- ¹m-tâj³-,- Xebm-À- XpS§n-b Fkv-tääpIÄ-tI{µo-Icn- v- tZhn-Ipfw- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b³- cq-]o--Icn-¨p. B bq-Wn-bsâ ImÀ-Uaw- skIv-j³- F¶ \n-ebn-em-Wv- 68Â- cm-P¡m-Sv- aq-¶q-td¡dn-epw 1969Â- Km-Ôn-¸m-dbn-epw- 1970Â- sh¦e¸m-dbn-epw- ,-Ccp«v,- D¸f,-s]m-«³-¡m-Sv, -ss_k¬-am-en, - ap«pIm-Sv -XpS§n-b{]tZi§fn-epw- bq-Wn-bsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- kac§Ä-Bcw-`n-¨Xv.- A¶v- ]pcpj³-amÀ-¡v- 4 cq-]bpw- kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v- 3 cq-]bpw- Iq-en- e`n-¡Wsa¶m-bn-cp¶p Bhiyw.---

Cu- kac§Ä-¡v- P\§fnÂ- \n-¶pw- hen-b ]n-´pWbpm-bn.- BZy-L«w- bq-Wn-b\nÂ- Aw-K§fm-bn-tNÀ-¶Xpw- t]m-cm-«kac§fnÂ- AWn-tNÀ-¶Xpw- aebm-fn- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifm-bn-cp¶p.- hÀ-²n-¨ ]n- pWtbm-sSapt¶dn-b kac§Ä-¡v- tPm-k^v- Nm-then-,- sI kn- \m-cbW³-, Pn- hcZ³,- Fkv- kpµcam-Wn-Iyw-,- Fkv- ]mÂ-cm-Pv,- hn- C A_v-ZpÄ-Jm-ZÀ-(C¡)-,- Fw- P\mÀ-±\³,- Fw-Fw- aWn,- F sI Zmtam-Zc³,- ]n- hn- ssa¡nÄ-,- apff³-Ipgn- sNÃ¸³,- C sI N{µ³,- sI sI PbN{µ³XpS§n-bhÀ- t\Xr-Xzw- \Â-In. bq-Wn-b³- {]hÀ-¯\w-Bcw-`n-¨L«w- Xs¶ Cu- taJebnÂ- ae\m-Sv- ¹m-tâj³- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b³- cPn-kv-äÀ- sNbv-Xp.-1970Â- cPn-kv-äÀ- sNbv-X bq-Wn-b³ DSp¼³-tNm-e ,-s\Sp¦w,- ]m¼m-Spw-]m-d,- h³-taSv,- N¡p]ffw,- Im-©n-bmÀ- {]tZi§Ä- tI{µo-Icn-¨m-Wv- {]hÀ-¯n-¨n-cp¶Xv.- bq-Wn-³- t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- Zo-À-Lam-b ho-dpä t]m-cm-«§Ä- \S¶p.-

bq-Wn-b\nÂ- tNÀ-s¶¶v- a\Ên-em-bm-epS³ sXm-gn-em-fn-Isf tPm-en-bnÂ-\n-¶v- ]n-cn- phn-SpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp¶p.-]n-cn-¨phn-Sen-s\Xn-sc kacw- Bcw-`n-¡m³- bq-Wn-b³-\nÀ-_\v-[n-Xam-bn.- NÀ- bn-eq-sS ]cn-lm-cw- Im-Wm-³- {ian-¡m-sX apXem-fn-am-À- s]m-eo-kn-sâbpw- KpIfpsSbpw-klm-bt¯m-sS P\Io-b kacs¯ ASn-¨aÀ-¯pIbm-Wv- sNbv-Xn-cp¶Xv.- kac§Ä-¡v- hÀ-[n-¨ _lpP\]n-´pW Dm-bn-cp¶Xn-\mÂ- ASn- aÀ- epIÄ- Ffp¸am-bn-cp¶n-Ã.- kac§sf XIÀ-¡m³- bq-Wn-b³- t\Xm-¡Ä-s¡Xn-scbpw- kv-{Xo-sXm-gn-em-fnIÄ DÄ-s¸sSbpffhÀ-s¡Xn-scbpw- \n-ch[n- {In-an-\Â- tIkpIÄ- NmÀ-Öv-sNbv-Xp.- Fkv-tääv- XÃn-XIÀ-¯p,- Ge¡tam-jWw-\S¯n,- _w-¥m-hn-\v- Xo-bn-«p XpS§-n- Pm-ayan-Ã hIp¸pIÄ-tNÀ-¯v- Ifft¡kpIsfSp¯v \n-ch[n-t]sc Pbn-en-eS¨p.

tIkv-\St¯Xv- s\Sp¦w-,- tZhn-Ipfw- tIm-SXn-Ifn-em-Wv.- bm-{Xmku-Icy-an-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ A¡m-e¯v- hn-Zq-ctaJebn-epffhÀ -tIm-SXn-bnse¯m³- Gsd t¢in-¨p.- {]Xn-Ifm-¡s¸« kv-{Xo-sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw- t\Xm-¡³-

-2001se \n-bak` sXcsªSp¸nÂ- Hcpko-änÂ-t]m-epw- Pbn-¡m³- tIm¬-{Kkn-

\m-bn-Ã. Cu- km-lNcy-¯nÂ- hn-dfn-]n-Sn-¨tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xr-Xzw- ]ptcm-K-a\{]Øm-\-§sfXIÀ-¡m-\pff KqV]-²Xn X¿m-

dm-¡n- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p¶Xm-bn-«m-Wv- kao-]Im-e kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- hy-Iv-Xam-

¡p¶Xv.-


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am-cpw- XteZn-hkw- kÔy-tbm-sS \S¶v- Ccp]tX¡dn-epff C sI N{µsâ hkXn-bnÂ- Xm-akn-¨v- tZhnIpfw-tIm-SXn-bnÂ- lm-Pcm-Ipw.- tIm-SXn- t\ct¯ hn-«b¨mÂ-cm-{Xn-tbm-sS kz-´w- ho-SpIfnÂ- F¯mw.- CsÃ¦nÂ-ho-pw- Xm-akn-¨v - ASp¯Zn-hkta kz-´w- ho-SpIfnse¯m-\m-hq.- Cu-\n -bat]m -cm -«w - hÀ -j§Ä- \o-p.- Htcm-cp¯cpw- F{Xam -{Xw-Xym -Kam -Wv - kln-¨n -«pÅsX¶v- ]dªdn-bn-¡m³- Ign-bm-¯hbm-Wv.-

1971þ72 Bbt¸m -tg¡pw- Ccp«f,- D¸f,-ss_k¬-hm-en, -ap¶q-td¡À- {]tZi§fnÂ-\n-iv-NbZmÀ-Vy-t¯m-sSsXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- \S¯n-b Xym -K]qÀ -Wam -bkac¯n-\v - ap³-]nÂ-apXem-fn-amÀ- ]Xn-sbXeIp\n-¨v- XpS§n.- bq-Wn-b\pam-bn- sXm-gn-em-fn-IfpsS tPm-en-Øn-cXbpw-,- tkh\thX\- hy-hØIfpw-Aw-Ko-Icn-¨psIm-pff IcmÀ- Dm-¡n.- CXn-s\XpSÀ-¶v- bq-Wn-b\nÂ- tNcm-sX \n-¶n-cp¶ Xan-gv- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw- Iq-«t¯m-sS Aw-K§fm-bn.- tPm-en-Øn-cXbpw- \n-iv-Nn-X Iq-en-bpw- aäv- B\pIq-ey-§fpw- e`n-¡m³- XpS§n-btXm-sS sXm-gn-em-fn-IpSpw-_§fpsS Po-hn-Xco-Xn-bn-epw-

h¼n-äm-äapm-bn.-ASn-bćm-hØ¡m-eam-b 1975Â- sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-

¡v- t\sc ISp¯ A{IaW§Ä- Agn-¨phn-Sm³- XpS§n.-AXn-\pap³-]v- tZhn-Ipfw- Fkv-tääv-Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-bsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- F®aä kac§fm-Wv- \S¶Xv.-

Cu- L«¯nÂ- sFF³Sn-bpkn, FsFSn-bp-kn- bq-Wn-b\pIfn-Â \n-¶pw- sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- Iq-«t¯m-sS cm-Pn-sh¨v- knsFSn-bp-hnÂ-tNcm-³- XpS§n-.- sXm-gn-em-fn -IfpsS AhIm-i§Ä-t\Sn -sbSp¡m-\pw- Ahkwc£n -¡m -\ pw -F´ v -XymKhpw- kln-¨pIq-sS\nÂ¡p¶ bq -Wn -b³-GsX¶pw- AtXkabw-AhIm-i§sfÃmw - \n -tj[n-¡p¶ apXem-fn-am-tcm-Sv- H¸w- \nÂ-¡p¶ bq-Wn-b\pItfsX¶papff Xn-cn-¨dn-hv- sXm-gn -em-fn-Ifn-ep-m -bn . - Häs¸Sm³-XpS§nb sFF³-Snbpkn,-

FsFSn -bpkn - , - tIm¬-{Kkv t\Xm -¡³-am -c pw -tXm«apSaIfpw- tNÀ-¶v- knsFSnbphn-s\Xn-sc A]hmZ{]Nm-cWhpw- Im-bn-Iam-b B{IaW§fpw- Bcw- n-¨p.-ASn-bćm-hØm-L«w kw-LSn-X Sn-bp {]kv-Øm-\s¯ XIÀ-¡m-\pff Ahkcam-bn- tXm-«apSaIÄ-D]tbm-Ks¸Sp¯n.- tPm-en- kabw- hÀ-[n- n-¡pI,- i¼fw-


51


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sh«n-¡pd¡pI,- t_m-Wkv- \n-tj[n-¡pI,- kacw- sN¿m-\pff AhIm-iw- \n-tj[n-¡pI XpS§n-b cq-]¯nÂ-sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡pt\sc hn-hn-[ B{IaW§fpw- \n-e]m-Spw- FSp¯p.-

sFXn-lm-kn-I t]m-cm-«§fn-eq-sS t\Sn-sbSp¯AhIm-i§Ä- kw-c£n-¡m-\pw- ASn-bćm-hØbpsSadhnÂ- \S¸m-¡p¶ P\m-[n-]Xy-hn-cp² \S]Sn-IÄ-sNdp¡m-\pw tZhn-Ipfw- Fkv-tääv- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b³- t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- CSXShn-Ãm-s¯ {]Nm-cW{]hÀ-¯\§Ä- \S¯n.- 1980 se \n-bak`m- Xn-csªSp¸nÂ-DSp¼³-tNm-e aÞe¯nÂ- FÂUnF^v- Øm-\mÀ-°n-tXm-akv- tPm-k^v- hn-Pbn-¨p. - am-{XaÃ 1981se Xn-csªSp¸nÂ- tXm-«w- sXm-gn-em-fn- t\Xm-hpIq-Sn-bm-bFw- Pn-\tZh\pw-- hn-Pbn-¨p.- tXm-«w- apXem-fn-am-tcm-sSm-¸w- tNÀ-¶v- sXm-gn-em-fn-t{Zm-l {]hÀ-¯\§fnÂ- GÀ-s¸« tIm¬-{Kkv,- sFF³Snbpkn- t\Xm-¡tfm-Sp-Åiàam-b {]Xn-tj[¯n-sâ - eam-bn-cp-¶p- CXv.-

1980Ifn-Â- ss_k¬-hm-en,- cm-P¡m-Sv,- cm-PIpam-cn,- tk\m-]Xn-, im- ³-]m-d,- taJeIfnse Gähpw- hen-b t{SUv-bq-Wn-b³- {]kv-Øm-\am-bn- tZhn-Ipfw- Fkv-

sh¨Xn-s\Xp-SÀ-¶v- Im-acm-Pv- càkm-£n-bm-bn.- tKm-hn-µ³- ap-Xn-cbnÂ-,- tKm-]m-e³- Xp-S§n-b F«v- kJm-¡Ä-¡v- Cu- shSn-shbv-¸nÂ- Kp-cp-Xcam-bn- ]cn-t¡äp.-

B{IaW§fp-sS Xp-SÀ-¨bm-bn- cmP-Ip-amcn {Kma--]-©m-b¯v sshkv {]kn-Uâ v Fw- sI tPm-bn-sb 1981HtÎm-_À- 24 \v- cm-PIp-am-cn- Su-WnÂ sh¨v h[n¨p.cmP-Ip-amcn SuWnÂ \nÂ¡p-t¼mÄ- ½ In. --ao.-- AIse{Sjdn-bnÂ- Uyq-«n-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶ s]m-eo-kp-Im-c³- kÀ-Æo-kv- tXm-¡p-am-bn- h¶v- shSn-shbv-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p. cm-{Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-¶Xn-\mÂ- tPm-bn-sb Xn-cn- dn-bp-¶Xn-\v- tSm-À-¨v- sXfn- v- Im-Wn- v- sIm-Sp-¯Xv- `c-W-I£n Kpm{]hÀ-¯Icm-bn-cp-¶p.- Hcp- {]tIm-]\hp-an-Ãm-sXbm-Wv-tIm-¬-{Kkp-ImÀ- Cu- sIm-e]m-XIw- Bkq-{XWw- sNbv-XXv.- kn-sFSn-bp-hnsâ kzm-[o-\iàn- XIÀ-¡p-¶Xn-\v- -1982 Â- tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xr-Xz-w- Hcp- hÀ-jw- \o-B{IaW]c¼cIfm --W v -\S¸m -¡n -bX v . - tIm¬-{KkvþsFF³-Sn-bp-kn-bp-kn- t\Xr-Xzw,- tXm-«w- DSaIÄ,-- s]m-eo-kv- F¶n-hÀ- - tNÀ-¶v- X¿m-dm-¡n-b hy-àam-bKq-Vm-tem-N\bp-sS m-Kam-bn-«m-Wv- B{IaW§Ä- Agn-¨p-hn-«Xv.- A¶v- sI Icp-Wm-Ic³- ap-Jy-a{ń-bpw- hbemÀ-chn- B`y- c a{ńbp-am-bn-cp-¶p.- CXv- B{IaW ]²Xn-


53

IÄ- \S¸m-¡m³- Iq-Sp-XÂ- klm-bIcam-bn.-h«¸m-d Im-äq-Xn- Fkv-täänÂ- sIm-Sn- DbÀ-¯p-¶Xp-

am-bn- _Ôs¸«v- sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- X½nÂ- XÀ-¡ap-m-bn.- Cu- XÀ-¡s¯ tIm¬-{Kkp-ImÀ- cm-{ão-bam-bn-D]tbm-Ks¸Sp- p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p.- kn-sFSn-bp-¡mÀ-- tZio-b ]Xm-Isb A]am-\n-¨p-sh¶v- IÅ {]NcWw-\S¯nbtijw -im-´³-]m-d s]m-eo-knÂ -AhÀ- ]cm-Xn-bpw- \Â-In.- Xp-SÀ-¶v- kn-sFSn-bp- {]hÀ-¯IÀs¡Xn-sc IÅt¡skSp-¯p.- C-¡m-cy-§fdn-bm -sX Un-sshF^v-sF sa¼À-jn-¸v- tNÀ-¡m³- Im-äq-Xn- Fkv-täänse¯n-b F³- sI cm-Ps\bpw- kn- bp- tPm-bn-sbbpw-s]m-eo-kv- o-Icam-bn- aÀ-Zn- p.- Iq-Sm-sX- im- ³-]m-d Fkv-sF a¯m-bn-bp-sS t\Xr-Xz- nÂ- h«¸m-d {]tZiam-sIs]m-eo-kpw- tIm¬-{Kkv- Kp-Ifpw- tNÀ-¶v- Iem-]`q-an-bm-¡n- am-än.- amÀ-Iv-kn-kv-äv- A{Iaw- Ahkm-\n-¸n-¡m-s\¶t]cnÂ- h«¸m-d,- Xeb³-Im-hv,- sN½®mÀ-,- am-«p-¯m-hfw- ]q-¸m -d , - Acp-hn -fw -NmÂ, - aWt¯m-Sv -tatesN½®mÀ- F¶n-hn-S§fnÂ- s]m-eo-kv- Hu-«v- t]m-kv-äp-IÄ- Øm-]n-¨p.- s]m-eo-kn-sâ klm-bt¯m-sS km-bp-[cm-b tIm¬-{Kkv- Kp-IÄ- AXn-{Iq-chpw- ss]im-Nn-Ihp-am-b B{IaW§fm-Wv- tXm-«w- taJebn-em-sI

tääv- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b³- am-dn.- bq-Wn-bs\CÃm-bv-a sN¿m-\pw- tIm¬-{Kkpw-tXm-«w- DSaIfpw- ssItImÀ-¯v- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m³- XpS§n.- Nn-e sXm-gnÂ- XÀ-¡§fpsSt]cnÂ- 1978 Ahkm-\w- IP\m-¸m-dbnÂ-B{IaW ]c¼cIÄ-¡v- tIm¬-{Kkpw- Kp-Ifpw- Fkv-tääv- DSaIfpw- Xp-S¡an-«p.]dªp- XoÀ-¡m³- Ign-bp-sa¶-v- Adn-bn-¨X\p-kcn -¨v - Rm-\pw- H Pn- aZ\\pw-DÄs¸sSbp-ÅhÀ- ]p-eÀ-s¨ IP\m-¸md Hm-ô-kn-se¯n.- Icp-Xn-¡q-- «n \n-¶n-cp-¶ Hcp-kw-Lw- R§fp-sS t\sc B{IaWw-\S¯n.- H Pn- aZ\\S¡w- \n-ch[n- t]À-¡v-]cn -t¡äp. - GXm-\pw- {]hÀ-¯Icp-sSssIIm-ep-IÄ- XÃn-sbmSn-¨p.- Fsâ ImÂ-¸¯n- XÃn-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw- I®n-sâ ]p-cn-Im-Øn - XÃn -¯IÀ -¡p -Ibpw - sNbv -Xp . -ssk¡nÄ- sNbv-\n-\Sn- v- icn-c¯nÂ- \n-¶pw-am-w-kw- ]dn-s¨Sp-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- acn-s¨¶v - Icp -Xn - IP\m-¸m -db v -¡Sp -¯v -]mdaSbnÂ- Fs¶ XÅp-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p.- ASn-am-en- kÀ-¡mÀ- Bip-]{Xn-bnÂ- Hcp- am-kw-\o- Xo-{h ]cn-NcW¯n-\v- tijam-Wv-

Rm³- km-[m-cW Po-hn-X¯n-te-bv-¡v- Xn-cn- v- h¶Xv.- Hcp-kw-LÀ-jhp-an-Ãm-¯ {]tZi¯v- aq-³-Iq--«n- X¿m-dm-¡n-b]²Xn-b\p-kcn- v- \S¸m-¡m³- {ian- B{IaWhpw- sIm-e]m-XI {iahpw- A{I-an-IÄs¡-Xn-cmbn hen-b P\hn-Im-cw- Dbcm-\n-Sbm-bn.- I£n-t`Zsat\y-- Bbn-c§Ä-AWn-\n-c¶ h³-{]Xn-tj[dm-en-Ifm-Wv- F¼m-Spw-\S¶Xvv-.- sFF³-Sn-bp-kn-bnÂ-\n-¶pw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- t]À-- cm-Pn-sh¨v- kn-sFSn-bp-hnÂ- tNÀ-¶p.-

s]m-«³-Ip-fw- tPm-kp-w- aäpw- tNÀ-¶v- sh¦em-¸m-dFkv-tään-se Hcp-`m-Kw- hn-ebv-¡p--hm-§n.- AhÀ- h¶\mÄ- ap-XÂ- kn-sFSn-bp-hn-s\Xn-sc B{IaW§Ä- Bcw-`n-¨p.- sXm-gn-emfn-IÄ- ssIen- ap-p-Sp-¯v- hccp-Xv,- Np-h¶ »u-kv- [cn-¡cp-Xvv,- XebnÂ- sI«cp-Xvv- Xp-S§n-b\n-_Ô\IÄ- sh¨n-cp-¶p.- A\p-kcn-¡m-¯hscB{Ian- p.- 1979 Un-kw-_À- A©n-\v- FÂ-Un-F^v- t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- ]Wn-ap-S¡pw- _µpw- {]Jy-m-]n-¨p.- - ]Wn-ap-S¡n-b sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- Pm-Ybm-bn- H-«m- n-bn-Â- kw-LSn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶ tbm-K Øet¯bv-¡v- t]m-bn.- sh¦em-¸m-dFkv-tääv- tKän-\Sp-¯v- F¯n-b Pm-Ybv-¡v- t\sc ISp-¯ B{IaWap-m-bn.- Kp-Ifp-sS kw-Lw- shSn-


54

hym-]n-¸n-¨Xv.- ChÀ- Fkv-tääp-IfnÂ- t]m-bn- sXm-gn-em-fn-Isf ò-jWn-s¸Sp- n -.- ho-«nÂ- \n-¶pw- hn-fn-¨n-d¡n-Fkv-tääv- ap-ä-¯n-cp-¯n- tXm-¡p-Nq-n- kn-sFSn-bp-hnÂ-\n-¶v- cm-Pn-sh¸n- v- sFF³-Sn-bp-kn-bnÂ- tNcm-³- Fgp--Xn- hm-§m³- Xp-S§n.- Xbm-dm-Im-¯hsc Im-bn-Iam-bn-A{Ian- v- Fgp-Xn- hm-§n.- B¡m-e¯v- \S¶ kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- FÃmw- hn-iZo-Icn-¡m³- Ign-bm¯ Øn-Xn-bm-Wp-ÅXv.-

bqWn-b³ {]hÀ-¯Isc IÅt¡knÂ- Ip-Sp-¡p-¶Xn\v- aq³-Iq«n- ]²Xn-IÄ- Bhn-jv-¡cn- p.- h«-¸m-dbn-ep-Å Hcp- tIm¬-{Kkv- {]hÀ-¯Isâ ho-«nÂ-\n-¶pw- ho-«p-]IcW§sfÃmw- FSp- v- am-än-btijw- hfÀ-¯p-\m-bsb ho-«n-\p-ÅnÂ- sI«n-bn-«v- cm-{Xn-bnÂ-AhÀ-Xs¶ ho-Sn-\v- Xo-bn-«p.-CXn-\v - ]n-¶nÂ- kn-sFSn-bp-{]hÀ- Icm-sW¶v- Atcm-]n- v-{]tZis¯ \n-ch[n - {]hÀ-¯Isc Xo-sh¸p-tIknÂ- {]Xn-Ifm-¡n- ]o-cp-taSv- k_v- Pbn-en-eS¨p. - C¯cw- lo -\am -b\S]Sn -IfnÂ- {]Xn-tj[n-¨v -Xeb³-Im-hnÂ- Hcp- {]Xn-tj[kt½f\w- \S¯m³- bq-Wn-b³-Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p.- h«¸m-d taJebn-se Fkv-tääp-Ifn-se sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ- ]Wnap-S¡n- Pm-Ybm-bn-Xeb³-Im-hn-tebv-¡v- t]m-bn.-Pm-YtbsS¸w- aq-¶m-À- FFkv-]n-bp-sS t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- Hcp- kw-Lw- s]m -eo -kpw- Dm-bn - . -sa¯m- v- F¯n-bt¸mÄ- Pm-Ybv-¡v- t\sc tIm¬-{Kkv- Kp-IÄ-t_mw-_v- Fdn-bp-Ibpw- Xp-SscshSn-bp-XnÀ¡pIbpw sNbv-Xp.-\n -ch[n - t]À¡v Cu- kw -`h¯nÂ- ]cn-t¡äp.- Pm-Y Xn-cn-sI h«m-¸dbn-se¯n- {]Xn-tj[tbm-Kw- \S¯n- ]n-cn -bp-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p.- km-[m-cW \n-ebn-epff t{SUv-bq-Wn-b³ {]hÀ-¯\w- A\phZn -¡m -¯ -AhØ t_m-[]qÀ-Æw- krãn-¨p.- GXm-\pw- Zn-hk§Ä-¡Iw-h«¸m-dbnÂ- sFF³-Sn-bpkn-bpsS t]cnÂ- ]pÃpsIm-v -taª Hcp Hm-ô-kv ]IÂsI«n-bpm-¡pIbpw- B cm-{Xn-bnÂ- Xs¶ tIm¬-{KkpImÀ-Hm-ô-kn-\v - Xo-hbv-¡pIbpw-sNbv-Xp.- CXn-sâ t]cn-epw- kn-sFSn-bp {]hÀ- IÀ {]Xn-Ifm-¡s¸«p.- \n-ch[n- tIkpIfn-em-bn- \q-dpIW¡n-\v- {]hÀ- IscIfft¡kpIfn-Â- IpSp¡p¶Øn -X n -h n - tijapm -b n . -t I k p If n Â - { ] X n - I f m - -¡s¸«hscIpdn-¨v- ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ- Kq-Vm-tem-N\ hy-Iv-Xam-Ipw.- bq-Wn-b³- P\dÂ-sk{I«dn-bpw- tk\]Xn- ]©m-b¯v- {]kn-Uâpam-bn-cp¶ F sI Zm-tam-Zc³- {][m-\ {]hÀ-¯I³- H Pn-aZ\³,- hn- Fw- tPm-k-^v- XpS§n- ]cn-kc ]©m-b¯pIfnÂ-hscbpff apgph³- {]hÀ-¯Iscbpw-Ifft¡kpIfnÂ- Pbn-enÂ- AS p.- bq-Wn-bsâ kwLm-

SIcpw- t\Xm-¡³-am-cpam-b \q-tdm-fw- kJm-¡fpsSt]cnÂ- 107 hIp¸p{]Im-cw- Kpm-en-kv-änÂ-s¸Sp¯n-tZhn-Ipfw- BÀ- Un- H Hm-ô-kv- Ibän- Cd¡n.- tk\m-]Xn- A©pap¡v- tdm-Un-eq-sS \S¶pt]m-Ipt¼m-Ä ]mÀ-«n- A\p`m-hn-bm-bn-cp¶ kptcjn-s\s]m-eo-kv- o-Icam-bn- aÀ-±n-¨p-.- Abm-fpsS \m-ep]ÃpIfm-Wv- ASn-¨ps]m-gn-¨Xv.- ]mÀ-«n- A\p`m-hn- BbXÃm-sX asäm-cpsXäpw-kptcjv- sNbv-Xn-cp¶n-Ã.-

tZhn-Ipfw- Fkv-tääv- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- bq-Wn-b³- m-chm-ln-bpw- cm-P¡m-Sv ]©m-b¯v- Aw-Khpam-bn-cp¶ kn- Fam-[hs\ h«¸m-d Su-WnÂ- h¨v- ssI XÃn-sbm-Sn-

¡pIbpw- Im-epIÄ-¡v- KpcpXcam-bn- ]cn-t¡Â- n-¡pIbpw- sNbv-Xp.-kn- bp tPm-bn-bpsS `m-cy- do-¯,-KÀ-`n -Wn-bm-bn-cn -s¡,- h«¸m-dSuWn-eq-sS \S¶v- Bip]{Xn-bn-te¡v- t]m-Ipt¼mÄ- ]«m-]IÂ-Su-WnÂ-h¨ v sFF³-Sn -bpkn-KpIÄ- Ahsc A{Ian- v- ]cn-t¡Â-¸n-¨p-.-cm-{Xn-bnÂ- AXn-{Ian-¨ v - IS¶v - bq-Wn -b³- {]hÀ -¯Ibpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-bpam-bn-cp¶Xn-tem- asbbpw- À-¯m-hv- tkm-as\bpw- KpcpXcam-bn- A{Ian- v-] c n - t¡Â -¸ n - ¨ p . -Ahc p s SHcphbÊpam-{Xw- {]m-bam-b aI³-Zo -]phn -s\ Im -enÂ -Xq -¡n -]pds¯dn-ªp.- kzÀ-¤w-taSv- aq-¡pIm-hnÂ- Pm-\In-bpsS ho-SpXÃn-XIÀ-¡pIbpw hn-e]n-Sn- pffFÃm km-[\§fpw- sIm-ffbSn-¡pIbpw- sNbv-Xp. -H«m-¯bnÂ-Xm-akn-¨n-cp¶ bq-Wn-b³- {]hÀ-¯I tacn-bpsS ho-«nÂ- AXn-{Ian-¨pIbdn ssIbpw- Im-epw-XÃn -sbm -Sn -¨p . -Im -epIÄ -¡ v -KpcpXcam-bn- ]cn-t¡äv- \S¡m³-Ign -bm -sX ZoÀ -L\mÄ-Bip]{Xn-bnÂ- In-S-t¡n-h¶p.-

H«m- n-bnÂ- Xs¶ asäm-cp ho-«nÂ- cm-{Xn-bnÂ- AXn{Ian- pIbdn-cp s]¬-Ip«n-Isf X«n-sIm-pt]m-bn-.- ]n-tä¶m-Wv- ChscIs¯m-\m-bXv.- Cu- cq-]¯nÂ-BWp§sf am -{XaÃ, - kv-{Xo-Isfbpw- AhÀ- shdpsX hn-«n-Ã.-cm-PIpam-cn- ]©m-b¯nÂ- kn-]n-s F F w - { ] h À - ¯ I \ m - bsX¡paä¯nÂ- am-Wn-bpsS ho-SvXÃn- IÀ¯p.- A½bv-¡v- t\sctXm-¡p Nq-n, -aIt\m-Sv- 24 aWn-¡pdn-\Iw-- tIm¬-{Kkv- Hmôknse¯m³- BÚm-]n-¨p.- CfbaI³- Pbv -ks\ XeIogm -bn -Xq¡n-¸n-Sn- v- sIm-Ãm³- {ian¨p.--

C -c- nÂ CS-Xp-]p-tcm-K-a-\-{]-Øm-\-s¯-bpw, {]hÀ¯-I-scbpw XIÀ¡m³ \S¯n h¶

t_m[-]qÀÆ-amb \S-]-Sn-bpsS {]I-Shpw iàhp-ambB{Ia-W-amWv kao-]-Ime kml-N-cy-¯nÂ c-W-Iq-S-þ-t]m-eokv òI-c-X-bpsS `mK-ambn CSp-¡n-bnÂ Ac-t§-dp-¶-Xv. sNdp- p-\nÂ nsâ Icp-¯pä ssIap-X-embsXmgn-emfn {]Øm\w C¯cw hÃp-hn-fn-IÄ AXn-Po-hn-¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw.


55

CS-Xp-]p-tcm-K-a-\-{]-Øm-\-s¯-bpw,{]hÀ¯-I-scbpw XIÀ¡m³ \S¯n

h¶ t_m[-]qÀÆ-amb \S-]-Sn-bpsS{]I-Shpw iàhp-amb B{Ia-W-amWvkao-]-Ime kml-N-cy- nÂ `c-W-Iq-S-þ-t]m-eokv òI-c-X-bpsS `mK-ambn CSp-

¡n-bnÂ Ac-t§-dp-¶-Xv. sNdp-¯p-\nÂ¸nsâ Icp- pä ssIap-X-emb

sXmgn-emfn {]Øm\w C¯cw hÃp-hn-fn-IÄ AXn-Po-hn-¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw.

kgoa souvenir 2013 part 1 pages 1 55

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