keyin materials

KeyIn Materials

KeyIn Materials creates material models that can be applied to regions and lines within each analysis. Once you have defined a material, use the Draw Materials command in each analysis to apply different materials to regions and lines.

The list of available materials is shared between all analyses. For example, if you create 3 materials in a SLOPE/W analysis and then switch to a SEEP/W analysis, you will see those same materials already defined in SEEP/W; you will simply need to enter the SEEP/W-specific properties. Material properties are also shared between products where applicable. For example, if you specify a Volumetric Water Content function for a Clay Material in a SEEP/W analysis, the same Volumetric Water Content function will be used for the Clay Material in the SLOPE/W analysis.

See KeyIn Analyses for more information on how objects are applied within analyses.

Defining Material Properties

See Using the KeyIn Commands for information on adding, modifying, and deleting materials from the KeyIn list. The following properties can be defined on the selected materials:

Name: The material name must be unique.

Color: The material color is displayed on regions that have been assigned the material for the current analysis. Click Set to change the color.

Material Model: Every product has a list of material models that can be selected for the material. Each material model contains a set of properties that will be used for the product analyses. If you select a material model of “none”, the material color will be shown as light gray, and any regions or lines that have the material will be ignored by SOLVE when solving the analysis.

The remaining sections of this topic describe the different material properties for each product.

#ifdef GSI_SLOPE

Material Models

The following sections describe the material models available in a SLOPE/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

You can specify probabilistic or sensitivity parameter values by clicking the “…” button next to each edit box. Note that probabilistic or sensitivity values will only be used by SOLVE if you have selected a Probabilistic or Sensitivity distribution in KeyIn Analyses.

SLOPE/W provides a total of 13 different strength models for you to simulate the shear strength characteristic of a soil. Required soil properties are divided into several groups. Basic parameters are required in order for the soil model to be valid, while Advanced parameters The advanced properties are additional parameters that you may use to modify the soil model. The soil property parameters required for each soil model are presented in the

following sections. For more information on applying SLOPE/W strength models, see Stability Modeling with SLOPE/W 2007.

Mohr-Coulomb Model

Shear strength is computed based on the Mohr-Coulomb equations.

Basic Parameters

When the Show Function Options checkbox is cleared, enter these constant values:

Unit Weight: The total unit weight of the soil.

Cohesion: The cohesion component of the shear strength.

Phi: The friction angle of the soil.

Suction Parameters

You can select either one of the following options to specify the suction properties:

Phi B: The rate of shear strength increase with a change in negative pore-water pressure. When Phi B is zero, all negative pore-water pressures are set to zero. When Phi B is nonzero, the effect of the negative pore-water pressures is included in the analysis.

Vol. Water Content Function: When you select a Vol. Water Content Function, the suction properties are obtained directly from the function. Click the ‘…’ button to define a new function with the KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Vol. Water Content command.

Drawdown Parameters

Drawdown parameters are only used if the Rapid Drawdown analysis option was selected in KeyIn Analyses.

Total Cohesion: The cohesion component of the total shear strength.

Total Phi: Friction angle of the total soil strength.

Liquefaction Parameters

Use steady-state strength when liquefied in QUAKE/W: Check this option when you have selected a QUAKE/W Newmark analysis option in KeyIn Analyses and you wish to limit the strength when the soil has liquefied in the QUAKE/W analysis.

Steady-State Strength (Css): The limiting strength value.

Collapse surface angle: The steady-state collapse surface angle when the material has liquefied.

Advanced Parameters

Apply different unit Weight above Water Table: Check this option if you wish to apply a unit weight in the unsaturated zone that is different from the unit weight in the rest of the soil. Then enter the unit weight to use above the water table.

Anisotropic Function: A function of the modifier factor versus the base inclination angle of each slice. When this function is defined, the shear strength along the base is multiplied by the modifier factor obtained from the function. Click the ‘…’ button to define a new function with the KeyIn Strength Functions: Anisotropic command.

C-Phi Corr. Coef.: The correlation coefficient between c and Phi when a probabilistic analysis is used. Its value ranges from -1.0 to 1.0.

Undrained (Phi=0) Model

In this model, shear strength is defined by the cohesion of the soil; therefore, pore water pressure is not considered.

Basic Parameters

When the Show Function Options checkbox is cleared, enter these constant values:

Unit Weight: The total unit weight of the soil.


Advanced Parameters


Anisotropic Function: A function of the modifier factor versus the base inclination angle of each slice. When this function is selected, the shear strength along the base is multiplied by the modifier factor obtained from the function. Click the ‘…’ button to define a new function with the KeyIn Strength Functions: Anisotropic command.

No Strength (e.g., Water) Model

The No Strength model is no longer used in SLOPE/W. The ponded water weight is now added automatically wherever there is excess pore-water pressure along the ground surface. You can adjust the weight of the ponded water by applying an additional positive or negative surcharge load using Draw Surcharge Loads.

Bedrock (Impenetrable) Model

The Bedrock model is used for impenetrable soil.

Bilinear Model

The Bilinear model is used to designate a bilinear failure envelope.

Basic Parameters

Unit Weight: Total unit weight of the soil.


Phi 1: Friction angle of the soil for normal stress smaller than the specified Normal value.

Phi 2: Friction angle of the soil for normal stress larger than the specified Normal value.

Normal: The specified normal stress at the breaking point in the failure envelope.

Suction Parameters




Advanced Parameters




Phi-Phi2 Corr. Coef.: The correlation coefficient between Phi and Phi2 when a probabilistic analysis is used.

S=f(depth) Model

This model is used to designate shear strength as a function of depth. The depth is calculated from the top of the soil layer to the base center of a slice.

Basic Parameters


C-Top of Layer: Undrained strength at the top of the soil layer.

Rate of Increase: Rate at which strength increases with depth.

C – Maximum: The maximum soil strength. If the Rate of Increase is negative, this value represents the minimum soil strength.

Advanced Parameters



S=f(datum) Model

This model is used to designate shear strength as a function of depth. The depth is calculated from a specified datum to the base center of a slice.

Basic Parameters


C-Datum: Undrained strength at the top of the soil layer.

Datum (elevation): Elevation (y coordinate) of the datum line.

Rate of Increase: Rate at which strength increases with depth.

C – Maximum: The maximum soil strength. If the Rate of Increase is negative, this value represents the minimum soil strength.

Advanced Parameters



Anisotropic Strength Model

This model is used to designate anisotropic soil strength. Both vertical and horizontal c and Phi values are specified. The c and Phi values are first adjusted for anisotropy before they are used in the shear strength computation.

Basic Parameters


C – Horizontal: Cohesion component of the shear strength in horizontal direction.

C – Vertical: Cohesion component of the shear strength in vertical direction.

Phi – Horizontal: Friction angle of the soil in horizontal direction.

Phi – Vertical: Friction angle of the soil in vertical direction.

Suction Parameters




Advanced Parameters



Shear/Normal Function Model

This model is used to specify a general curved relationship between shear strength and normal stress.

Basic Parameters

Unit Weight: Total unit weight of the soil. Select one of the following 3 options:

Constant: Use a constant value, just like the Mohr-Coulomb model.

Linear Fn: Vary the parameter vs. the x-coordinate in the geometry using a function defined with KeyIn Strength Functions Unit Weight. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function or select an existing one.

Spatial Fn: Vary the parameter vs. (x,y) using a spatial function defined with KeyIn Spatial Functions Unit Weight.

Shear/Normal Strength Fn: This function describes the shear strength of the soil as a function of normal stress. Click the ‘…’ button to define a new function with the KeyIn Strength Functions: Shear / Normal command. You can use this command to estimate the function using Hoek and Brown strength parameters.

Suction Parameters




Advanced Parameters



Anisotropic Function Model

This is a general strength model for anisotropic soil. The variation of c and phi with respect to the base inclination angles is described by a general function. The input c and phi values are multiplied with the modifier factor obtained from the function before used in the shear strength computation.

Basic Parameters



Phi: Friction angle of the soil.

C - Anisotropic Function: A function of the modifier factor versus the base inclination angle of each slice. When this function is defined, the specified Cohesion value is multiplied by the modifier factor obtained from the function. You can specify this function using the KeyIn Strength Functions: Anisotropic command.

Phi - Anisotropic Function: A function of the modifier factor versus the base inclination angle of each slice. When this function is selected, the specified Phi value is multiplied by the modifier factor obtained from the function. Click the ‘…’ button to define a new function with the KeyIn Strength Functions: Anisotropic command.

Suction Parameters




Advanced Parameters


C-Phi Corr. Coef.: The correlation coefficient between c and f when a probabilistic analysis is used. Its value ranges from -1.0 to 1.0.

Combined, S=f(depth) Model

With this model, the soil strength is based on C and Phi up to a maximum undrained strength Cu. Both C and Cu can vary with depth below the top of the soil layer.

Basic Parameters



C - Top of Layer: Cohesion at the top of the soil layer.

C Rate Increase: Rate at which cohesion increases with depth.

Cu - Top of Layer: Undrained strength, Cu, (cohesion) at the top of the soil layer.

Cu Rate Increase: Rate at which the undrained strength Cu increases with depth below the top of the layer.

C / Cu Ratio: The drained strength c is computed as a ratio of the undrained strength Cu when this ratio is not zero. When this ratio is zero, the drained strength c is computed from the C - Top of Layer value and the C Rate Increase value.

Advanced Parameters



Combined, S=f(datum) Model:

With this model, the soil strength is based on c and f up to a maximum undrained strength Cu. Both c and Cu can vary with depth below the datum reference position.

Basic Parameters



C – Datum: Cohesion at the datum reference position.

C Rate Increase: Rate at which cohesion increases with depth.

Cu – Datum: Undrained strength, Cu, (cohesion) at the datum reference position.

Cu Rate Increase: Rate at which the undrained strength Cu increases with depth below the datum reference position.

C / Cu Ratio: The drained strength c is computed as a ratio of the undrained strength Cu when this ratio is not zero. When this ratio is zero, the drained strength c is computed from the C-Datum value and the C Rate Increase value.

Datum (elevation): Elevation (y-coordinate) of the datum reference position.

Advanced Parameters



S=f(overburden) Model:

With this model, the soil strength is a function of the effective overburden stress above the base center of each slice. The effective overburden is computed from the weight of the slice and the pore water pressure acting on the base center.

Basic Parameters

Unit Weight: Total unit weight of the soil. Select one of the following 3 options:


Linear Fn: Vary the parameter vs. the x-coordinate in the geometry using a function defined with KeyIn Strength Functions Unit Weight. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function or select an existing one.

Spatial Fn: Vary the parameter vs. (x,y) using a spatial function defined with KeyIn Spatial Functions Unit Weight.

Tau/Sigma Ratio: A multiplication factor (e.g., 0.4 means that the shear strength is equal to 40% of the effective overburden).

Advanced Parameters


Minimum Strength:


Spatial Mohr-Coulomb Model

Shear strength is computed based on the Mohr-Coulomb equations, as discussed in the Mohr-Coulomb Model section. However, the Spatial Mohr Coulomb model allows you to specify Unit Weight, Cohesion, or Phi as a function that varies spatially vs. x or vs. (x,y). For these parameters, you can select one of the following 3 options:


Linear Fn: Vary the parameter vs. the x-coordinate in the geometry using a function defined with KeyIn Strength Functions Unit Weight, KeyIn Strength Functions Cohesion, or KeyIn Strength Functions Phi . Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function or select an existing one.

Spatial Fn: Vary the parameter vs. (x,y) using a spatial function defined with KeyIn Spatial Functions Unit Weight, KeyIn Spatial Functions Cohesion, or KeyIn Spatial Functions Phi .

#endif

#ifdef GSI_SEEP || GSI_AIR

Material Models

The following sections describe the material models available in a SEEP/W or AIR/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Saturated / Unsaturated

This model fully defines the water and air properties (if using AIR/W) in both the saturated and unsaturated zones.

Hyd. Conductivity Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Conductivity.

Conductivity Ratio: The hydraulic conductivity ratio is the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity in the y-coordinate direction to the hydraulic conductivity in the x-coordinate direction. For example, a K-Ratio of 5 means the hydraulic conductivity in the y-direction is 5 times greater than in the x-direction. A K-Ratio of 1.0 (the default value) means the hydraulic conductivity is the same in the x- and y-directions. A value of 0.1 means the y hydraulic conductivity is 10 times less than the x hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity function always defines Kx.

Conductivity Direction: The hydraulic conductivity direction allows you to specify the hydraulic conductivity in a direction other than in the x-y coordinate directions. K Direction is the angle in degrees between the positive x-direction and the x'-direction.

Vol. Water Content Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Vol Water Content. You must select a function for a transient analysis or any AIR/W analysis. It is not required for a steady-state analysis seepage only unless you want to contour the volumetric water content.

Activation PWP: Select this option if you wish to use a specific PWP value when the material first becomes active in the analysis.

Air Conductivity Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Air Functions: Conductivity.

Activation Air Pressure: Select this option if you wish to use a specific air pressure value when the material first becomes active in the analysis.

Saturated Only

This model defines water properties in the saturated zone only. Do not use this model if there is an AIR/W analysis.

Saturated Conducitivity: Specify a constant conductivity to use in the saturated zone.



Sat. Vol. Water Content: Specify a constant water content.

Mv: Specify the Mv to apply in the unsaturated zone.


Interface

This model is used when applying materials to lines or to surface regions. The material acts as an interface between regions with other material properties.

Tangential Hydraulic Conductivity: The conductivity parallel to the line that the material is applied to.

Normal Hydraulic Conductivity: The conductivity perpendicular to the line that the material is applied to.

Air Conductivity: The constant air conductivity through the interface.

#endif

#ifdef GSI_SIGMA

Material Categories

Material models in SIGMA/W define the stress-strain constitutive behavior of the soil. Models are grouped into the following categories:

Total Stress Parameters: Total stress parameters

Effective-Drained Parameters: Effective drained parameters

Effective Parameters with PWP Change: Effective stress parameters with PWP change.

New to GeoStudio 2007 is the option to mix different categories of model behavior in the same solution. So, for example, you can have one soil region solve for total stress behavior while another region solves one of the effective stress models. If you mix these models in the same geometry it is important to know that pore-water pressures will be ignored in the total stress regions and that these total stress regions will be assigned hydraulic boundary conditions that will fix their pore-water pressure at the initial condition value.

Total Stress Material Models

The following sections describe the total stress material models available in a SIGMA/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Linear Elastic

Total E Modulus: Select Constant to enter a value for the Total Young’s Modulus, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Total E-Modulus.

Unit Weight: The total unit weight of the soil, applied as a body load. Non-zero unit weights are displayed as a hatching pattern within the region.

Poisson’s Ratio: Constant value that specified Poisson’s Ratio.

Anisotropic Elastic

E Modulus (1): Young’s Modulus in x´-direction, (Ex).

P. Ratio (1): Poisson’s ratio in x´-direction, (ux').

E Modulus (2): Young’s modulus in y´-direction, (Ey).

P. Ratio (2): Poisson’s ratio, ratio of x´-strain to y´-strain caused by y´-stress, ( (uy').).


G Modulus (2): Shear modulus, ( Gxy').

Angle: Inclination of the strata in degrees from x-axis, (b).

Hyperbolic Nonlinear Elastic

Total E Modulus: Select Constant to enter a value for the Total Young’s Modulus, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Total E-Modulus.

Total Cohesion: Select Constant to enter a value for the Total Cohesion, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Total Cohesion.


E Modulus: Initial soil stiffness, it is used when K(load) is zero.

Poisson’s Ratio: Constant value used when K(bulk) is zero.

Total Phi: Soil friction angle in degrees.

Rf: Ratio between the asymptote to the hyperbolic curve and the maximum shear strength (the ratio is usually between 0.75 and 1.0).

Elastic Plastic

Total E Modulus: Select Constant to enter a value for the Total Stress Young’s Modulus, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Total E-Modulus.

Total Cohesion: Select Constant to enter a value for the Total Stress Cohesion, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Total Cohesion.



Total Phi: Soil internal friction angle in degrees based on total stresses.

Dilation Angle: Soil dilation angle in degrees (0 < < ). If a value is not specified, the dilation angle is considered to be the same as the internal friction angle.

Slip Surface Model

This model is used when applying materials to lines. The material acts as an interface between regions with other material properties.

Interface C: Total Stress Cohesion as a constant value.

Interface Phi: Total Stress based friction angle

G (shear modulus): This controls the elastic part of the deformation between two surfaces before slippage occurs.



Add-In Model

The Add-In model allows you to program your own constitutive relationships in an external program which GeoStudio will call when the analysis is being solved. See Creating GeoStudio Add-Ins for more information on how to develop your own constitutive model as a GeoStudio Add-In.

To select a GeoStudio Add-In that has already been written:

1. Click Select, and choose an Add-In from the list. If you do not see your Add-In, make sure it exists in the Add-Ins folder that you specified in Tools Options.

2. Select a Model to use from the list.

3. If there are any fields listed, select each one in the list box and enter a value.

4. Enter the total unit weight of the soil, applied as a body load. Non-zero unit weights are displayed as a hatching pattern within the region.

Effective-Drained Material Models

The following sections describe the effective-drained material models available in a SIGMA/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Linear Elastic

Effective E Modulus: Select Constant to enter a value for the Effective Young’s Modulus, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Effective E-Modulus.

Unit Weight: The effective unit weight of the soil, applied as a body load. Non-zero unit weights are displayed as a hatching pattern within the region.



Anisotropic Elastic

E’ Modulus (1): Young’s Modulus in x´-direction, (Ex).

E’ Modulus (2): Young’s modulus in y´-direction, (Ey).

Effective Poisson’s Ratio (1): Poisson’s ratio in x´-direction, (ux').

Effective Poisson’s Ratio (2): Poisson’s ratio, ratio of x´-strain to y´-strain caused by y´-stress, ( (uy').).


G Modulus (2): Shear modulus, ( Gxy').

Angle: Inclination of the strata in degrees from x-axis, (b).

Hyperbolic Nonlinear Elastic


Effective Cohesion (C’): Effective cohesion as a constant value.

Effective Phi (Phi’): Effective soil friction angle in degrees.

Poisson’s Ratio’: Effective Poisson’s Ratio as a constant value used when K(bulk) is zero.


Rf: Ratio between the asymptote to the hyperbolic curve and the maximum shear strength (the ratio is usually between 0.75 and 1.0).


Vol. Water Content Fn: This function is used to specify the hydraulic properties for C modification. Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Vol Water Content.

Elastic Plastic






Dilation Angle: Soil dilation angle y in degrees (0 < < ). If a value is not specified, the dilation angle is considered to be the same as the internal friction angle.


Vol. Water Content Fn: This function is used to specify the hydraulic properties for C modification. Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Vol Water Content.

Use steady-state strength when liquefied in QUAKE/W: Check this option when you wish to limit the strength when the soil has liquefied in the QUAKE/W analysis. Then specify the limiting strength value as Steady-State Strength (Css).

Soft Clay (MCC) Models

O.C. Ratio: Overconsolidation ratio.


Lambda: Slope of normal consolidation line.

Kappa: Slope of overconsolidation (swelling) line.

Init. Void Ratio: This is the void ratio of the soil at the start of the analysis at the stress conditions of the initial stress file.


Mu: Slope of critical state line.


Slip Surface Model


Interface C’: Effective Cohesion as a constant value.

Interface Phi’: Effective friction angle




Add-In Model






4. Enter the effective unit weight of the soil, applied as a body load. Non-zero unit weights are displayed as a hatching pattern within the region.

Effective Material Models with PWP Change

The following sections describe the effective material models (with PWP Change) available in a SIGMA/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Linear Elastic





Vol. Water Content Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Vol Water Content. You must select a function for a transient analysis.




Hyd. K Modifier Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Hydraulic K Modifier.

Elastic Plastic






Dilation Angle: Soil dilation angle y in degrees (0 < y < f). If a value is not specified, the dilation angle is considered to be the same as the internal friction angle.







Soft Clay (MCC) Models

O.C. Ratio: Overconsolidation ratio.


Lambda: Slope of normal consolidation line.

Kappa: Slope of overconsolidation (swelling) line.

Init. Void Ratio: This is the void ratio of the soil at the start of the analysis at the stress conditions of the initial stress file.


Mu: Slope of critical state line.







Slip Surface Model


Interface C’: Effective Cohesion as a constant value.

Interface Phi’: Effective friction angle






Add-In Model






4. Enter the effective unit weight of the soil, applied as a body load. Non-zero unit weights are displayed as a hatching pattern within the region.

#endif

#ifdef GSI_QUAKE

Material Models

The following sections describe the material models available in a QUAKE/W analysis, and each property that must be defined to specify the stress-strain constitutive behavior of the soil.

Linear Elastic


Poisson’s Ratio: Poisson’s Ratio as a constant value used when K(bulk) is zero.

PWP Fn: To compute the pore pressures during shaking, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Pore Pressure.

Ka Fn: To specify a correction factor Ka, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Ka Correction.

Ks Fn: To specify a correction factor Ks, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Ks Correcction.

Cyclic Number Fn: To specfy the number of cycles that will cause liquefaction, select an existing Cyclic Number function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Cyclic Number.

Gmax: Select Constant to enter a value for Gmax, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Gmax.

Equivalent Linear



G Reduction Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: G-Reduction.

PWP Fn: To compute the pore pressures during shaking, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Pore Pressure.

Ka Fn: To specify a correction factor Ka, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Ka Correction.

Ks Fn: To specify a correction factor Ks, select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Ks Correcction.

Cyclic Number Fn: To specfy the number of cycles that will cause liquefaction, select an existing Cyclic Number function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Cyclic Number.



Damping Ratio: Select Constant to enter a damping ratio value, or select Function and choose an existing function. Click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Damping Ratio.


Use steady-state strength when liquefied: Check this option when you wish to limit the strength when the soil has liquefied. Then specify the limiting strength value as Steady-State Strength (Css), and enter the Collapse Surface Angle.

Nonlinear



Damping Ratio: Refer to the QUAKE/W 2007 Engineering book for a more detailed discussion on this parameter.

Max. Damping Ratio: Refer to the QUAKE/W 2007 Engineering book for a more detailed discussion on this parameter.

MFS PWP Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: MFS Pore Pressure.

Recoverable Modulus Fn: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Stress Functions: Recoverable Modulus.




Use steady-state strength when liquefied: Check this option when you wish to limit the strength when the soil has liquefied. Then specify the limiting strength value as Steady-State Strength (Css), and enter the Collapse Surface Angle.

#endif

#ifdef GSI_TEMP

Material Models

The following sections describe the material models available in a TEMP/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Full Thermal

Thermal K vs Temp. Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Thermal Conductivity (K vs T).

Unfrozen Vol. Water Content Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Thermal Functions: Unfrozen Water Content. This function must be defined for a transient analysis. It is not required for a steady-state analysis unless you want to contour the unfrozen water content.

Volumetric Heat Capacity: The heat required per unit volume to raise or lower the temperature of the material by one degree. This is specified both in Frozen and Unfrozen soil.

Insitu Volumetric Water Content: The volume of water per unit bulk volume of the material. This value is multiplied by the slope of the unfrozen water content function as well as the latent heat of fusion to obtain the heat addition to or removal from the model due to phase change.

Activation Temperature: Select this option if you wish to use a specific temperature value when the material first becomes active in the analysis.

Coupled Convective Thermal

You must use this model if you are coupling TEMP/W with SEEP/W and you want to consider variable water contents in the domain.

Thermal K vs Vol. Water Content. Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Thermal Conductivity (K vs VWC).

Vol. Specific Heat Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Thermal Functions: Vol Specific Heat.

Unfrozen Vol. Water Content Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Thermal Functions: Unfrozen Water Content. This function must be defined for a transient analysis. It is not required for a steady-state analysis unless you want to contour the unfrozen water content.


Simplified Thermal

Unfrozen Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity in the unfrozen ground.

Frozen Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity in the frozen ground.


Insitu Volumetric Water Content: The volume of water per unit bulk volume of the material.


Interface


Constant Thermal Conductivity: The thermal conductivity within the interface.

#endif

#ifdef GSI_CTRAN

In a CTRAN/W analysis, material information is defined by the following properties:

Diffusion Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Contaminant Functions: Diffusion Functions.

Adsorption Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Contaminant Functions: Adsorption Functions.

Longitudinal Dispersivity: A material property which affects the dispersion in the water flow direction (aL).

Transverse Dispersivity: A material property which affects the dispersion perpendicular to the water flow direction (aT).

Decay Half-Life: The half-life of a decaying material. The decay half-life must be specified in units of time that are consistent with the units of diffusion. For example, if the diffusion coefficient is in meters per second (m/sec), then the half-life must be specified in seconds. The units of d(M/L3)must be consistent with the units of mass and length.

Dry Density: The dry mass density of the porous medium (rd).

Activation Concentration: Select this option if you wish to use a specific concentration value when the material first becomes active in the analysis.

#endif

#ifdef GSI_VADOSE

Material Models

The following sections describe the material models available in a SEEP/W or AIR/W analysis, and each property that must be defined for the material model.

Full Thermal






Thermal K vs Vol. Water Content. Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Hydraulic Functions: Thermal Conductivity (K vs VWC).

Vol. Specific Heat Fn.: Select an existing function, or click on the ‘…’ button to create a new function using KeyIn Thermal Functions: Vol Specific Heat.


Gas Decay (Yrs): Enter a value (in years) to remove gas mass at each time step based on the decay half life of the gas.

Activation Gas Concentration: Select this option if you wish to use a specific gas concentration value when the material first becomes active in the analysis.

Simplified Thermal

This model defines simplified thermal properties if you are not so concerned about the temperature profile.

Unfrozen Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity in the unfrozen ground.

Frozen Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity in the frozen ground.



Interface




Air Conductivity: The constant air conductivity through the interface.

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