key
TRANSCRIPT
KEY & TERMINATION KEY & TERMINATION
DIMENSIONS OF ORAL DIMENSIONS OF ORAL COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
Articulatory
Acoustic Auditory
Vibration of vocal folds
Fundamental frequency
Pitch
Physical effort
Amplitude (intensity)
Loudness
Timing of movements
Time duration Length
Cauldwell and Allan (1998)
Relative pitch level and pitch movement
Factors affecting the pitch
1- Idiosincratic (physical conditions, sex, age)
2- Socio-cultural (social or cultural constraints)
3- Emotional (feelings and moods)
SYSTEM OF PITCH MOVEMENT
Tone Symbol Shape
Falling p
Rising r +
Rise-fall p+
Fall-rise r
Level o
The pitch level on the onset syllable determines the KEY of the tonic segment.
The pitch level of the tonic syllable represents a independently meaningful system: TERMINATION.
KEY TERMINATION
High Mid // p it’s JUSTJUST starting to RAINRAIN//Low
THE KEY SYSTEM
PITCH LEVEL MEANING EXAMPLE
High Key Contrastive ( A not B)
LOST//p he GAMbled // p and //
Mid Key Additive (A + B)//p he GAMbled// p and LOST//
Low Key Equative (A = B)//p he GAMbled// p and // LOST
KEY TERMINATIONHigh Mid // p it’s JUST starting to RAIN //Low
High JUST RAINMid // p it’s starting to //Low
High Mid // p it’s starting to //Low JUST RAIN
(this is the best technique that could be used)
1. //r to enTICE people// r to enCOURage// p to COME along and preSENT themselves//
2. //r to enTICE people// r to en age// COURp to COME along and preSENT themselves//
COUR3. //r to enTICE people// r to en age// p to COME along and preSENT themselves//
A. // r I should think // p its time to STOP//
B. // p YES // p you’re RIGHT// p its JUST FIVE//
B. // p YES // r+ well if THAT’S what you THINK //p we WILL //
B. // p YES // p i aGREE// r its NO use OVERdoing it//
THE TERMINATION SYSTEM
Key Termination
Meaning Example
High
High Expectation on the part of the speaker of a contrastive answer: yes/no.
THINK LAR A: //p do you this one ger//
YESB: //p //
High Mid Pressure from the speaker for a favourable response by the other interlocutor.
THINK A: //p do you this ones LARGer//
P: //p YES//
Mid High Expectation on the part of the speaker of a contrastiveanswer: yes/no.
LAR A: //p do you THINK this ones ger//
YESB: //p //
Mid Mid Pressure from the speaker for a favourable response by the other interlocutor.
A: //p do you THINK this ones LARGer//
B: //p YES//
Mid Low The speaker imposes little orno constraint on the next turn taker .
//r + and the QUEStion i want to
PUT to you is//p DO we NEED//p
an INcome icy//
POL
Low Mid Pressure from the speaker for a favourable response by the other interlocutor.
A: //p do you this onesLARGer// THINK
B //p YES//
Low Low The speaker imposes little or no constraint on the next turn taker
//r+ and the QUEStion i want to
PUT
to you is//p DO we NEED//p an
come icy//
IN POL