Key to the New World Genera of Pepsinae (modified from Banks 1946, Townes 1957, Evans 1973, Roig Alsina 1989,

and Wahis & Rojas 2003) b

bb cc

c 1. a. Subgenital plate S6 laterally compressed.

b. 2 r-m and 3 r-m continuously curved outward, similar in appearance. c. Claws bifid……...……………………….……………………………... Minagenia Banks aa. Subgenital plate S6 not laterally compressed. bb. 2 r-m and 3 r-m not similar in appearance, usually one or both not continuously curved. cc. Claws normally dentate (bifid in Anacyphonyx)……………………..…………………. 2

a a

aa aa

a aa

2. a. Tergite 1, in dorsal view, with the sides evenly convergent anteriorly or slightly convex, in lateral view with a suture delimited a laterotergite.

b. Male genitalia with parapenial lobe not decurved at apex………..……………………… 3

aa. Tergite 1, in dorsal view, with the sides somewhat concave, giving it a somewhat petiolates appearance, in lateral view without a suture delimited a laterotergite.

bb. Male genitalia with parapenial lobe slender, decurved at apex…...….. USA (Couplet 28) ……………………….…………………….…Central American & Neotropical (Couplet 31)

a a a aa

aa

b bb

c

c c

cccc

cc

3. a. Mandible with three teeth (including the apical point as a tooth). b. Dorsal edge of hind tibia smooth in both sexes, although some spine-like setae may be

present. c. Female with cardo of each maxilla giving rise to a fascicle (beard) of long curved hairs… …………………………………………………………….…………………… Dipogon Fox

aa. Mandible with two teeth (a large apical point and a smaller subapical internal point). bb. Dorsal edge of hind tibia of female (and often of male), with a serrate row of integumental teeth. cc. Cardo of maxilla without a fascicle (beard) of long hairs in either sex……......……….. 4

c

a

bb

aa cc

b

4. a. Second recurrent vein (1m-cu), meeting the second submarginal cell, at about its apical 0.9.

b. Pulvillar comb about 0.75 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 14 to 40 bristles.

c. First discoidal cell occupied basally by a distinct subcircular irregularity in the membrane d. Large or very large species................................................................ Hemipepsis Dahlbom

aa. Second recurrent vein (1m-cu), meeting the second submarginal cell, at or basad of its

apical 0.25. bb. Pulvillar comb about 0.5 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal segment, its

apical fringe of bristles, containing about 8 to 10 bristles. cc. First discoidal cell not occupied basally by an irregularity in the membrane, or if so the

irregularity less distinct than in Hemipepsis………………………………………………...…… 5

aa

bb

a

b 5. a. Marginal cell separated apically from the costal margin of the wing, so that the lip of the cell is rounded.

b. Second submarginal cell receiving the second recurrent vein (1m-cu) before its basal 0.33.

c. Large or very large species……….……………………………………… Pepsis Fabricius

aa. Marginal cell apically adjacent to the costal margin of the wing, so that the tip of the cell is pointed or sub-truncate.

bb. Second submarginal cell receiving the second recurrent vein (1m-cu) beyond its basal 0.4…..………………...…………………….…………… USA and Central American (Couplet 6) ……………………………………………...…………...………… Neotropical (Couplet 11)

a aa

b bb

b bb

c

cc 6. a. Second intercubital vein (2r-m) quite straight.

b. Legs and antenna short and stout, the second segment of flagellum in the Nearctic species 1.5 to 4.5 times as long as wide.

c. Clypeus wide, short, and rather flat. d. Brush on inner side of hind tibia broadly continuous to the apex......................................... ……………………………………………………………………... Calopompilus Ashmead

aa. Second intercubital vein (2r-m) usually more or less curved (straight in Entypus and in

some Cryptocheilus). bb. Legs and antenna longer and more slender, the second segment of flagellum rarely less

than 3.2 times as long as wide. cc. Clypeus longer and more convex. dd. Brush on inner side of hind tibia often with a subapical constriction or interruption…... ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7

a

a

a a

aa aa aa

aa

b

7. a. Medial vein (M) not quite reaching the wing margin and in hind wing the cu-a ending at or distad of the juncture of M with Cu.

b. Clypeus very large…………………………………………………….. Priocnessus Banks

aa. Medial vein (M) usually reaching the wing margin, or if not (e. g., some species of Priocnemis), then in hind wing the cu-a ending distinctly basad of the juncture of M with CU......

…………………………………………………………………………...………………….. 8

a a

a

a aa

aa

aa

b bb 8. a. Under side of last tarsal segment with two longitudinal rows of bristles.

b. Second inter-cubital vein (2r-m) straight or evenly curved.................................................9

aa. Under side of last tarsal segment without any preapical bristles or with a very few that are not arranged in two regular longitudinal rows.

bb. Second intercubital vein (2r-m) rather straight anteriorly, but strongly curved posteriorly ……………………………………………………………...……………………………… 10

a a

a

aa aa

bb

b 9. a. Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa angled medially and at the angle usually produced as a tooth.

b. In hind wing cu-a ending beyond, at, or just before the juncture of M with Cu…………... ……………………………………………………………………….…… Entypus Dahlbom

aa. Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa evenly curved. bb. In hind wing cu-a ending distinctly before the juncture of M with Cu………………….... ……………………………………………………………………….... Cryptocheilus Panzer

a

aa

b

bb

b b

bb

c

cc

d dd

10. a. Anal lobe elliptical, the apical half of its hind margin evenly curved. b. Fore tibia of female without a single, unusually stout bristle on its outer apical corner. c. Nervulus (1cu-a) beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length. d. Pronotum of normal length…………………………………………. Priocnemis Schiødte aa. Anal lobe subtriangular, the apical half of its hind margin rather straight. bb. Fore tibia of female with a single, very stout, blunt, unusual bristle at its outer apical

corner. cc. Nervulus (1cu-a) at the basal vein or beyond it by less than 0.3 its length. dd. Pronotum quite short………………………………………………….. Caliadurgus Pate

11. a. Internal brush of the posterior tibia wide and continuous to the apex of the tibia............ 12

aa. Internal brush of the posterior tibia thin and interrupted prior to the apex of the tibia... 25 12. a. Females...……………………………………………………………………………….. 13

aa. Males..…………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Females

a a a

aa

aa aa

aa

aa

aa

b b

b

bb bb

bb bb

bb

bb

d dd

13. a. Hind tibia without integumental teeth, the dorsal edge with short spines or smooth.

b. Sixth tergum with fine and sparse pubescence, as with the other terga, with several strong and long scattered setae, apical flange smooth.

c. Subgenital plate (S6) compressed and keeled. d. Malar space well developed ……………………………………… Chirodamus Haliday

aa. Hind tibia with one or two dorsal rows of integumental teeth. bb. Sixth tergum strongly setose. cc. Subgenital plate (S6) various. dd. Malar space various.…………………………………………………………………. 14

a

aa

aa

aa

14. a. Last tarsal segment without ventral spines…………………………………………….. 15

aa. Last tarsal segment usually with ventral spines………..…...…………….................... 16

aa

cc

bb 15. a. Head transverse, wider than its length and with raised vertex.

b. Eyes with anterior margin emarginated, appearing kidney-shaped. c. Eyes convergent ventrally………………………………………. Plagicurgus Roig Alsina

aa. Head rounded. bb. Eyes with anterior margin slightly emarginated, not appearing kidney-shaped. cc. Eyes not convergent below................................................................... Herbstellus Wahis

aa

16. a. Genicular lobes of hind femora with simple edges.

b. Sixth tergum with apical flange narrow and smooth.................................. Adirostes Banks

aa. Hind femora with truncate genicular lobes. bb. Sixth tergum with apical flange wide and transversely striated..................................... 17

c

a

a

a

aa

17. a. Last tarsal segments with ventral spines irregularly arranged.

b. Galea short, glossa rounded. c. Densely setose species, at least with long stae on the femora, pleura and propodeal sides... ...…………………………………………………….………….... Pompilocalus Roig Alsina

aa. Last tarsal segments with ventral spines in two lateral rows. bb. Galea long, glossa bifid. cc. Species not densely setose……………………………………………………..………. 18

a b

b

c cc

cc

18. a. Front narrow, the eyes more or less convergent on the vertex.

b. Flagellar segments more than twice as long as wide. c. Without a mesepisternal tubercle. d. Claws always toothed…………………….……………………... Aimatocare Roig Alsina

aa. Front wide, polished and shiny in several species. bb. Flagellar segments short and thick, segments 5-12 never more than twice as long as

wide. cc. Mesepisternum with a lower tubercle. dd. Claws bifid, but sometimes toothed.................................................. Anacyphonyx Banks

Males (Males of Adirostes are unknown) aa 19. a. Head transverse, 1.3-1.4 times wider than long, vertex raised, well above level of top of eyes.

b. Eyes kidney-shaped. c. Claws of middle legs bifid. d. Transverse groove of second sternite present. e. Parameres of the genitalia with a row of pegs.............................. Plagicurgus Roig Alsina

aa. Head generally rounded; sometimes slightly wider than long or longer than wide........ 20

a

Toothed

aa aa

a Bifid

20. a. Claws of middle legs toothed or bifid………………….……………………..………… 21

aa. Claws of middle legs lacking an internal tooth……………..………... Herbstellus Wahis

a

aa & bb

b

bb

21. a. Claws of middle legs always toothed.

b. Hind claws toothed or sometimes modified…………………………………………….. 22

aa. Claws of middle legs always bifid. bb. Hind claws bifid, sometimes modified........................................................................... 23

aa

aa a

b bb

dd

d

22. a. Transverse groove of second sternite absent.

b. Malar space well developed, 0.25-1.2 times as long as basal width of mandible. c. Mesosternal carina between middle coxae with two central laminar projections. d. Widest part of metasoma at the apex of first segment…………………... Chirodamus

Haliday

aa. Transverse groove of second sternite present. bb. Malar space narrow, at most 0.10 times as long as basal width of mandible. cc. Mesosternal carina between middle coxae evenly rounded. dd. Widest part of metasoma at the middle or apical 2/3 of second segment………………… ………………………………………………………………………Calopompilus Ashmead

a

a

a a

aa aa c c

d dd 23. a. Transverse groove of second sternite present.

b. Galea short, glossa rounded. c. Setose species, scapes and propodeum always with long setae. d. Mesosoma and metasoma never with extensive yellow maculations. e. Parameres of the genitalia with a row of pegs.............................Pompilocalus Roig Alsina

aa. Transverse groove of second sternite absent. bb. Galea elongated, glossa bifid. cc. Less setose species. dd. Some species with extensive yellow maculations on the meso and metasoma. ee. Parameres of the genitalia various …………………………………………….....……. 24

aa

bb bb

24. a. Propodeum with humped posterolateral angles.

b. Maxillary palpi with segment 4 as long as segments 5 and 6 together. c. Parameres setose.................................................................................. Anacyphonyx Banks

aa. Propodeum gently rounded. bb. Maxillary palpi with segments 4, 5 and 6 of similar length. cc. Parameres with a row of pegs...................................................... Aimatocare Roig Alsina

bb bb

b b

25. a. Mesosternal carina with posterior directed projections.

b. Female: Second metasomal sternite with a pair of tubercles, near posterior margin, more or less developed…………………………………………………………….… Entypus Dahlbom

aa. Mesosternal carina lacking posterior directed projections. bb. Female: Second metasomal sternite lacking a pair of tubercles near posterior margin...... ………………………………………………………………………………………...…… 26

a aa

b bb

c cc 26. a. Posterior margin of the pronotum straight vertically.

b. Distal tarsal segment lacks ventral spines. c. Dorsum of propodeum inclined………………...………………………. Caliadurgus Pate

aa. Posterior margin of the pronotum curved. bb. Distal tarsal segment with irregularly arranged ventral spines. cc. Dorsum of propodeum horizontal…………………………………...………………… 27

a

a a aa aa

27. a. Mentum with a set of very long thick curved setae anteriorly directed………………….. …………………………………………………………………………..Sphictostethus Kohl

aa. Mentum without a set of very long thick curved setae anteriorly directed.......................... …………………………………………………………………………. Priocnemis Schiødte

Males and Females of Nearctic (Ageniellini)

a

aa

bb b

c c c

cc cc

d

28. a. First tergite with a fine lateral crease that separates off the epipleuron. b. Propodeum without long erect setae. c. Mentum of female with a brush of about 20 long stout bristles which are not divided into

right and left groups. d. Under-side of last tarsal segment of female with preapical bristles….. Phanagenia Banks

aa. First tergite without a lateral crease. bb. Propodeum with or without long erect setae. cc. Mentum of female with either slender setae, or with stout bristles that are divided basally into right and left groups....................................................................................................... 29

a a

bb

b

c c c cc

29. a. Propodeum with long erect setae.

b. Female: with a bare pygidial area. c. With some strong bristles arising from the mentum. d. Male: subgenital plate (S6) rather large, with a high, sharp, longitudinal ridge……........... ……………………………………………………………………………. Auplopus Spinola

aa. Propodeum usually without long erect setae. bb. Female: without a pygidial area. cc. With only slender setae arising from the mentum. dd. Male: subgenital plate (S6) smaller, or its longitudinal ridge (when present) lower and more blunt…………………...…………………………………………………………….. 30

a aa

b bb

30. a. Apex of front tibia on the hind side without a conspicuously larger or recurved spine-like bristle.

b. Clypeus without a trough-like impression paralleling its lateroapical margin...................... ……………………………………………………………………………… Ageniella Banks

aa. Apex of front tibia on the hind side surmounted by a conspicuously larger and recurved

spine-like bristle (best developed in the female). bb. Clypeus with a troughlike impression paralleling its lateroapical margin…………...…… ………………………………………………………………......……… Priocnemella Banks

Neotropical Female Ageniellini 31. a. Females...……………………………………………………………………………….. 32

b. Males……………………………………………………………………………………. 38

a aa

b

b

32. a. Apex of front tibia on outer side with a strongly differentiated, curved, hook-like spine.

b. Clypeus large, extending well beneath bottoms of eyes................................................... 33 aa. Apex of front tibia without a strong, curved spine that is well differentiated from the

other spines….………………………………………………………………………………….. 34

aa

a

a

b bb

c cc

33. a. Last segment of middle and hind tarsi spined beneath.

b. Lower part of mesopleuron with a projection. c. Clypeus strongly emarginate…............................................................. Phanochilus Banks

aa. Last segment of all tarsi smooth beneath. bb. Mesopleuron without a prominence. cc. Clypeus truncate................................................................................. Priocnemella Banks

34. a. Pronotum with collar not much below level of disk, separated from anterodorsal projection by short concave face, posterior margin broadly angulate.

b. T1 with carina separating epipleurum. c. Anal vein of hind wing strongly recurved. d. Malar space at least half as long as width of mandibles at their base. e. Transverse groove on S2 not in extreme anterior position. f. Occipital carina extending towards ocelli in a short loop. g. Pygidium (T6) differentiated, nearly bare…..…..……………….… Atopagenia Wasbauer

aa. Without above combination of characters……………………...…………………….…35

Mystacagenia Ageniella

a

aa

b bb

35. a. Mandibles with a basal tuft of long, pale setae which cover much of the mandibles.

b. Malar space at least half as long as width of mandibles at their base.................................... …………………………………………………………………… ….... Mystacagenia Evans

aa. Mandibles without such modification, simple and with scattered setae. bb. Malar space less than half as long as width of mandibles at their base, often nearly

absent............................................................................................................................................ 36

a

aa

b bb

36. a. Apical tergite covered with bristles and without a differentiated pygidial area.

b. Mentum with or without a few thin setae scattered along its length.......... Ageniella Banks

aa. Apical tergite with a median area which is devoid of setae and more or less smooth, often polished.

bb. Mentum with a group of stout setae arising near the base and directed forward…….... 37

cc aa

37. a. Malar space about one third as long as width of mandibles at their base.

b. Temples prominent, nearly as wide as eyes. c. Tooth of claws quite close to outer ray...… Dimorphagenia Evans

aa. Malar space small or absent, mandibles and lower eye margins nearly in contact. bb. Temples narrow, receding. cc. Tooth of claws well separated from outer ray........................................ Auplopus Spinola

Neotropical Male Ageniellini (Males of Mystacagenia unknown) Dimorphagenia Phanochilus 38. a. Macrocephalic.................................................................................. Dimorphagenia Evans

b. Head size normal……………………………………………………………………..…. 39

39. a. Pronotum with collar not much below level of disk, separated from anterodorsal projection by short concave face, posterior margin broadly angulate…..… Atopagenia Wasbauer

aa. Without above combination of characters………………………………...………….. 40

a aa

40. a. Clypeus strongly emarginated, appearing bidentate............................. Phanochilus Banks

aa. Clypeus not strongly emarginated, truncate to weakly emarginated...………………. 41

a a

41. a. Carina separates propodeum laterally from metapleuron...……………. Auplopus Spinola

aa. Lacking carina that separates propodeum laterally from metapleuron.……………….. 42

aa

a 42. a. Clypeus large and broad, greatly overhanging mandibles...………… Priocnemella Banks

aa. Clypeus normal, not greatly overhanging mandibles...……………….... Ageniella Banks