Key terms

- periodos; periodnikes- Panhellenic- Chrematic games- Stephanitic games- Nemea; Isthmia; Delphy/Pythian games- Panathenaea

- For Nero: All major games except those at Athens and Sparta; Nikopolis (for victory at Actium); Lerna and Heraia (Argos)

Nero and the periodos: 67 CE

Stephanitic games:• Olympia – olive (776)• Pythian games (Delphi) – laurel (586)• Isthmia – parsley, then pine, then wild

celery (580)• Nemea – wild celery (573)

Chrematic games:• Panathenaea (Athens) 566/5

(plus many, many others)

2nd century CE Roman relief showing: oil for Panathenaea; wreath for Isthmia; shield for Argos; wreath for Nemea

Gymnasium and palaestra, Delphi

View onto the theatre and temple of Apollo

Apollo Kitharodos (the lyre player)

Stadium at Delphi

Hermesianax son of Dionysios, citizen of Kaisarea Tralles as well as ofAthens and Delphi, dedicates this to Pythian Apollo on behalf of his daughters who hold the same citizenship: For Tryphosa, who came first among the girls at the Pythian Games in the stadion when Antigonos and Cleomachidas sponsored the games, and the following Isthmian Games when Iouventios Proklos did the same there. For Hedea, who won the chariot race in armor at the Isthmian Games when Cornelius Pulcher was the sponsor, and the stadion at the Nemean Games when Antigonos was sponsor and at Sicyon when Menoitas was sponsor. She also won the lyre singing in the boys’ category at the Sebasteia in Athens when Nouios son of Philinos was sponsor. For Dionysia, who won the Isthmian Games when Antigonos was sponsor, and the stadion in the games of Asclepius at the holy town of Epidauros when Nicoteles was sponsor. SIG 802 (From Delphi, 47 CE)

Isthmia

Reconstructed starting gates at Isthmia

Statue of Poseidon

c. 135 CE

“From Publius Licinius Priscus, lifetime priest to the god of the Isthmus”

From Isthmia; now in Spain (Prado Museum)

Myth 1: Sisyphus and his nephew Palaimon/Melikertes

Myth 2: Theseus

Boat races

Heracles and the Nemean lion

Opheltes and wild celery….

Stadium at Nemea

Entrance to the stadium at Nemea

How the periodos worked: 480 (July-August) Olympia479 (July-August) Nemea478 (April –May) Isthmia478 (July-August) Delphi477 (July-August) Nemea476 (April –May) Isthmia476 (July-August) Olympia

Burgon amphorac, 560 BCE

The inscription reads “one of the prizes from Athens”

Regular events (stadion, etc) +

apobateslampadedromiaBoat racesPyrrhic dancinghoplomachia euandria

Panatheniac stadium in 1870

Pyrrhic dance; scene from a Kylix cup, c. 490 BCE, Eucharides Painter, Louvre Paris.