AP European History

KEY TERMS

Unit 1: Renaissance and ExplorationKnow

Italian Humanism Christian Humanism

Civic Humanism Medici Family (Cosimo and Lorenzo)

Social Changes

Baldassare Castiglione

Machiavelli Petrarch Italian Wars (Hapsburg –Valois Wars)

Lorenzo Valla

Johannes Gutenberg

Donatello Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Rafael

Van Eyck Rembrandt Albrecht Durer New Monarchies Ferdinand and Isabella

Reconquista Expulsion of Jews from Spain

Henry VII Henry VIII Pope Leo X

Prince Henry the Navigator

Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand Magellan

Hernando Cortes Montezuma

Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa Triangular Trade Columbian Exchange

Erasmus

Sir Thomas More Italian diplomacy

RecallHanseatic League Papal States Florence Milan VeniceNaples Leon Batista

AlbertiFrancesco Sforza Isabella d’Este Borgia Family

(Alexander VI)Leonardi Bruni Masaccio Louis XI (the

spider)Charles the Bold Ivan III (Great)

Ivan IV (Terrible) Mehmed II Renaissance Popes European Explorers

Treaty of Tordesillas

Line of Demarcation

VocabularyDowries Doge Oligarchy SecularismDiplomacy “New Monarchies” Conversos

FluffRenaissance Slavery Viconti Family Peace of Lodi NeoplatonismHermeticism Star Chamber House of Jagellion Francois Rabelais

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Unit 2: Reformation and Religious WarsKnow

Martin Luther 95 Theses Diet of Worms Lutheranism German Peasant’s War

Charles V Schmalkaldic Wars

Peace of Augsburg Ulrich Zwingli Anabaptists

Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon

Anne Boleyn Acts of Supremacy Book of Common Prayer

Mary I (Tudor) Anglicanism John Calvin Calvinism PresbyterianismPuritanism Huguenots Counter-Reformation

(Catholic Reformation)

Ignatius Loyola Jesuits

Pope Paul III Council of Trent The Index of Prohibited books

Francis I Catherine de’ Medici

French Wars of Religion

Henry IV Fugger Edict of Nantes Philip II

Battle of Lepanto Dutch Revolt Elizabeth I John Knox Mary, Queen of Scots

Sir Francis Drake Spanish Armada Thirty Years’ War

RecallThomas a Kempis Johannes Tetzel Philip

MelanchthonThomas Muntzer Diet of Augsburg

Menno Simons and the Mennonites

Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cromwell Edward VI The Genevan Consistory

Henry II of France Duke of Alba and the Council of Blood

Pacification of Ghent

VocabularyPredestination “The Elect”

FluffChristian II of Denmark

St. Teresa and the Carmelites

Capuchins Theatines Ursulines William the Silent

Sir William Cecil

Sir Francis Walsingham

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Unit 3 – Late 16 th and 17 th Century Know

Price Revolution Theories of Social Hierarchy

Enclosure Movement Divine Right Absolutism

Cardinal Richelieu The Fronde Louis XIV Jean Baptiste Colbert Financial and military issues of the French Kings

Versailles War of the Spanish Succession

Peace of Utrecht Frederick William the Great Elector

Ivan IV (Terrible)

Time of Troubles Peter the Great and Reforms

Great Northern War The Golden Age of the Dutch

James I

Charles I (England) Petition of Right English Civil Wars Oliver Cromwell Rump ParliamentThe Restoration Charles II (England) Development of

Political PartiesWilliam and Mary Glorious Revolution

Bill of Rights Thomas Hobbes John Locke French Classicism/Neo Classicism

Dutch Realism

Mercantilism Geocentric View Nicolaus Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo GalileiIsaac Newton Rene Descartes Francis Bacon Thirty Years’ War Defenestration of

PragueCardinal Richelieu Gustavus Adolphus Peace of Westphalia European witch

huntsBaroque art

Peter Paul Rubens William Shakespeare

RecallGuild system Jean Bodin Jacques Bousset Cardinal Mazarin Franco-Dutch WarsWar of the League of Augsburg (Nine Year’s War)

Charles II of Spain Elector Frederick III (King Frederick I)

Leopold I Michael Romanov

Treaty of Nystad Holy Synod Charles XII Suleiman the Magnificent

Austro-Turkish Wars

William of Orange Ship Money William Laud Scottish Rebellion Long ParliamentNew Model Army Test Act Exclusion Bill Toleration Act Tycho BraheAndreas Vesalius Margaret Cavendish Maria Merian Maria Winklemann Blaise PascalRoyal Academies William Harvey Robert Boyle Battle of White

MountainAlbrecht von Wallenstein

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Michel de Montaigne Lope de Vega Miguel de Cervantes El Greco

VocabularyGuild Gentry Wooden chest Alchemy Parliaments JunkersBoyars Polish Diet

(Sejm)Episcopos Jansenists Geocentrism Heliocentrism

FluffDeserving vs. Undeserving poor

Ket’s Rebellion Twelve Articles of the Peasant’s of Swabia

Edict of Fontainbleau

Gibralter Philip III

Philip IV Sigismund III Short Parliament Nicholas Poussin Benedict de Spinoza

Charivari

Battle of Lutzen Battle of White Mountain

Christian IV

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Unit 4: The Enlightenment and 18 th Century Europe Know

The Enlightenment John Locke Baron de Montesquieu

Voltaire Denis Diderot

Adam Smith Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Mary Astell Mary Wollstonecraft

Characteristics of Enlightened thought

John Wesley Enlightened Absolutism

Louis XV Louis XVI Robert Walpole

George I George III Frederick William I

Frederick II (the Great)

Pragmatic Sanction

Maria Theresa Joseph II Catherine the Great

Charter of the Nobility

Pugachev’s Rebellion

Partitions of Poland

War of the Austrian Succession

Silesia The Seven Years’ War

Diplomatic Revolution

Social Changes of the 18th Century

Agricultural Revolution

Cottage Industry (The domestic system, Putting Out System)

Slave Trade Enclosure

British Constitution (Partially Written and Uncodified)

RecallDavid Hume Paul d’Holbach Madame

PompadourRococo Cesare Beccaria

Willam Pitt, the Elder and the Younger

Decline of the Dutch Republic

Charles VI of Austria

18th Century Population growth

Colonial Empires

The Grand Tour Thomas Paine Marquis de Lafayette

Immanuel Kant Thomas Malthus

VocabularyPhilosophes Salons Physiocrats Laissez-faire economicsNovels Deism Capitalism

FluffMarie Jean de Condorcet

Antione Watteau Balthasar Newmann

Bach Handel

Haydn Mozart Baroque Music Classical Music Edward GibbonMoravian Brethren Treaty of Aix-la-

ChapelleThaddeus Kosciuszko

Uffizi Gallery Louvre Museum

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Unit 5: French Revolution and the Napoleonic EraKnow

Three Estates Estates General Cahiers Abbe Sieyes Tennis Court OathNational Assembly The Bastille Great Fear Declaration of the

Rights of Man and Citizen

Olympe de Gouges

Women’s March on Versailles

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Constitution of 1791

Louis XVI Marie Antoinette

Jacobins Girondists The Mountain Danton National Convention

Counter Revolution Movement

Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre Reign of Terror Jean Paul Marat

Republic of Virtue Thermidorean Reaction

The Directory Napoleon Bonaparte

The Consulate

Concordant of 1801

Code Napoleon Lycees The Grand Army and Empire

Continental System

Invasion of Russia

RecallCommon Sense

Jacques Necker Declaration of Pillnitz

Brunswick Manifesto

Madame Germaine de Stael

Battle of Trafalgar

Horatio Nelson Peninsular War Elba and St. Helena

100 Days Battle of Waterloo

Duke of Wellington

VocabularySeigneurial Laws

Nobility of the Sword

Nobility of the Robe

Corvee Departements Assignats

Sans-culottes levy en masse De-Christianization

Nationalism Liberalism

FluffComptroller General Anne Robert Jacques

TurgotJacques Necker Charles de Calonne

Archbishop Brienne Society of Thirty Vendean Rebellion Charlotte Corday

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Unit 6: Industrial Society and RevolutionKnow

Cottage Industry Agricultural Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Factory System Irish Potato Famin

Zollverein Robert Owen Growth of Unions Chartists MetternichTsar Alexander I Metternich’s

PrinciplesQuadruple Alliance

Concert Europe Corn Laws

New Poor Law (1834)

Louis XVIII Charles X German Confederation

Karlsbad Decrees of 1819

Decembrist Revolt Nicholas I Thomas Malthus David Ricardo John Stuart MillJuly Ordinances (The Four Ordinances)

Louis Philippe Reform Act of 1832

Anti-Corn Law League

French Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

Louis Napoleon Frankfurt Assembly

Francis Joseph I Romanticism Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Grimm Brothers and their ties to Romanticism

Mary Shelley Eugene Delacroix

RecallJames Hargreaves Richard Arkwright Samuel Crompton Edmund

CartwrightJames Watt

Henry Cort Great Exhibition Queen Victoria Friedrich List Factory Act of 1833

The Coal Mines Act (1842)

The Ten Hours Act (1847)

Public health Act (1849)

Vaccination and Contagious Diseases Act (1853 and 1864)

Edwin Chadwick

Luddites Talleyrand Castlereagh Peterloo massacre Congress PolandGiuseppe Mazzini Henry de Saint

SimonCharles Fourier Louis Blanc Second French

RepublicJustice System reforms

Hans Christian Andersen

Walter Scott Edgar Allen Poe Percy Bysshe Shelley

Lord Byron William Wordsworth

Caspar David Friedrich

Beethoven

VocabularyLiberalism Nationalism Socialism June Days National

WorkshopsGrossdeutsch Kleindeutsch Geist Volkgeist Zeitgeist

FluffFrederick William III Holy Alliance Northern Union Flora TristanFrancois Guizot Louis Kossuth Charles Albert

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Unit 7: Age of Nationalism and RealismKnow

Crimean War Napoleon III Domestic Reforms of Napoleon III

Foreign Affairs of Napoleon III

Count Camillo di Cavour

Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts

Otto von Bismarck

Franco-Prussian War

The Dual Monarchy

Alexander II - reforms

Compulsory Education

Reform act of 1867 and 1884

Liberal and Conservative parties

Karl Marx Friedrich Engels Herbert Spencer Charles Darwin Social Darwinism

Realism Emile Zola Leo Tolstoy Economic slumps of the late 19th century

Ideal Women during Victorian Age

Women’s Movement

German Social Democrats

Eduard Bernstein Michael Bakunin Results of Urbanization

Mass newspapers and yellow press

Paris Commune

Kulturkampf Marie Curie Albert Einstein Friedrich Nietzsche

Sigmund Freud Impressionism

Post-Impressionism

Cubism Emmeline Pankhurst

Jewish Assimilation

Dreyfus Affair Rise of Anti-Semitism

Theodor Herzl Labour Party Wilhelm II Nicholas II Russian Revolution of 1905

Bloody Sunday

Duma “Scramble for Africa”

Leopold Italian-Ethiopian War (1896)

Menelik II Sepoy Rebellion Opium War

Russo-Japanese War

Bismarck’s System of Alliance

Triple Alliance Anglo-German naval rivalry

Moroccan Crises

RecallBaron Haussmann

Archduke Maximilian

Giuseppe Mazzini

Victor Emmanuel II

Austro-Sardinian War

The Danish War

Austo-Prussian War

North German Confederation

Ems Dispatch Alexander III Benjamin Disraeli

William Gladstone

Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister Gustave Courbet Jean-Francois Millet

Franz Liszt Richard Wagner

Gottlieb Daimler Henry Ford Alexander G. Bell

Guglielmo Marconi

Boy Scouts Social Welfare legislation

Anti-Socialist laws of Germany

Home Rule Boulanger Affair Claude Monet Eduard Manet Auguste Renoir

Paul Cezanne Vincent Van Gogh

Pablo Picasso Maria Montessori

Karl Lueger David Lloyd George

National Insurance Act

Sergei Witte Suez Canal (de Lesseps)

Cecil Rhodes Boer War Brussels Convention of 1890

David Livingstone

Boxer Rebellion Russo-Turkish War

Congress of Berlin

League of the Three Emperors

Dual Alliance

Reinsurance Treaty

Italian-French Neutrality Pact

Russian-French Alliance

Anglo-Russian Entente

Anglo-Japanese Naval Alliance

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VocabularyRisorgimento Realpolitick Ausgleich Mir zemstvos Victorian AgeEvolution Natural Selection Anarchism Urbanization Yellow press The New PhysicsId Ego Super Ego Unconscious Suffragettes Russian pogramsZionism New Imperialism Geopolitics Jingoism Afrikaners Spheres of

InfluenceExtraterritoriality White man’s

burdenPan Slavism

FluffBalaklava Sevastopol Florence Nightingale William Thackery Contagious Disease

ActPrince Petr Kropotkin

Georges Sorel Sports and Leisure Pope Leo XIII Naturalism

Henry M. Stanley Balkan Crisis of 1912-1913

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Unit 8: World War I and the Aftermath in the West (1914-1939)

KnowCauses of World War I

Gavrilo Princip Black Hand Franz Ferdinand Allied Powers Central Powers

Blank check Submarine Warfare

Lusitania Total War Gerneral Paul von Hindenburg

David Lloyd George

Georges Clemenceau

Zimmerman Note

WWI impact on women

WWI impact on labor

WWI impact on social classes

Nicholas II

Alexandra Grigori Rasputin March Revolution

April Theses Petrograd Soviet Mensheviks

Bolsheviks V. I. Lenin Leon Trotsky Russian Civil War

Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

War Guilt Clause New technology of WWI

Fourteen Points John Maynard Keynes

Ruhr Valley Crisis (1923)

The Great Depression

Popular Front Impact of radio and automobile

Cubism Pablo Picasso Surrealism Salvador Dali

RecallVon Schlieffen Plan

French Warfare Lawrence of Arabia

British Blockade Walter Rathenau Erich Ludendorff

Alexander Kerensky

Rosa Luxembourg

Easter Rebellion Little Entente Gustav Stresemann

Dawes and Young Plan

Treaty of Locarno

Kellogg-Briand Pact

National Government

Nazi Propaganda Dadaism James Joyce

Virginia Woolf Carl Jung Ernest Rutherford

Irish Free State

VocabularyWestern Front Eastern Front Treaty of Brest-

LitovskUS Entry in WWI Peace of Paris

Cheka Collective Unconscious

Coalition Governments

FluffFrench Plan XVII

Young Turks First Battle of the Marne

Battle of Verdun Battle of the Somme

Tannenberg

Gallipoli Battle of Jutland General Joffre John “Blackjack” Pershing

Ferdinand Foch 2nd Battle of the Marne

German Revolution

Ramsey MacDonald

Stanley Baldwin

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Unit 9: Totalitarianism and WWIIKnow

Benito Mussolini March on Rome Lateran Treaty Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf Nazi PartyAdolf Hitler SS Lateran Treaty Hitler Youth

(Jugend)Nuremberg laws Kristallnacht

NEP Joseph Stalin Five Year Plans Collectivization Great Purges Spanish Civil War

General Francisco Franco

Remilitarization of the Rhineland

Haile Selassie Axis Powers Neville Chamberlain

Munich Conference

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Blitzkrieg Maginot Line Marshal Henri Petain

Vichy France Winston Churchill

Battle of Britain Operation Barbarossa

Lend-Lease Big Three Battle of Stalingrad

Operation Overlord (D-day)

Atomic bomb Dwight D. Eisenhower

Charles de Gaulle

Josip Broz (Tito) Nazi racial policies

Resistance movements

The Holocaust Wannsee Conference

The Homefront Yalta Potsdam United Nations

FDR Harry Truman

RecallGiacomo Matteotti

Paul von Hindenburg

Heinrich Himmler

Enabling Act Ernst Rohm Joseph Goebbels

Mikhail Bukharin

Phony War (Sitzkrieg)

Miracle at Dunkirk

General Erwin Rommel

Siege of Leningard

Battle of the Bulge

George Patton Firebombing of Dresden

Tehran Conference

Clement Atlee

VocabularyCheka Totalitarianism Fascism Lebensraum War communismPolitburo Kulaks Collectivization Appeasement BlitzkriegLuftwaffe Greater East Asia

Co-Prosperity SphereFree French White Rose Zyklon-B

The Final Solution Great Patriotic War Iron Curtain

FluffSA Edouard

DaladierAfika Korps Montgomery Albert Speer

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Unit 10: The Cold War and Contemporary Europe

KnowTruman Doctrine

Marshall Plan Berlin Blockade and Airlift

NATO COMECON Warsaw Pact

Security Council

Peaceful Co-existence

Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis

The Vietnam War

French/Algerian Conflict

Red China De-colonization Soviet Economic recovery after WWII

Nikita Khrushchev

1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary

Stalinization of eastern Europe

Imre Nagy Vaclav Havel Alexander Dubcek

Prague Spring (1968)

Growth and transformation of socialist and communist parties in Western Europe

Fourth French Republic

Charles de Gaulle

Fifth French Republic

West German Economic Miracle

Konrad Adenauer

The Welfare State of Great Britain

Suez Canal Crisis

Treaty of Rome Transformation of EEC (Common Market) to European Union

Baby Boom – population growth

The New Feminism

Simone de Beauvoir

Sexual Revolution

Drug use of the 1960s and counter-culture

Student Revolts of 1968

Detente Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet dissidents

Boris Pasternak

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Leonid Brezhnev

Brezhnev Doctrine

Soviet industrial and agricultural problems

Mikhail Gorbachev Reforms

Nationalist Movements

Boris Yeltsin August 1991 coup

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Chechen Rebellion

Solidarity and Lech Walesa

Velvet Revolution

Nicolae Ceausescu

Reunification of Germany

Nationalism in Yugoslavia

Slobodan Milosevic

Bosnian War Kosovo

Changes in Eastern Europe

Maastricht Treaty

Willy Brandt Ostpolitick Helmut Kohl IRA and Northern Ireland

Margaret Thatcher and Thatcherism

Francois Mitterand

Terrorism Guest Workers and Immigration

Abstract Expressionism

Andy Warhol and pop art

Second Vatican Council

Pope John Paul II

Popular Culture/Americanization

Vladimir Putin and the New Russia

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RecallSputnik I Arab-Israeli

conflictPolish reforms of the 1950s

Yugoslavia under Tito

Janos Kadar West Germany political parties

Growth of the Middle Class

Changes in Education

ABM Treaties Helsinki Agreements

SALT I “Star Wars” (SDI)

The Persian Gulf War

Andrei Sakharov

Martial law in Poland

Walter Ulbricht

Erich Honecker

Stasi

Falklands War Tony Blair Jacques Chirac Red Brigades The Green Movements

Growth of Technology

VocabularyThe Cold War “Superpowers” Containment Brinkmanship Peaceful co-

existenceThird World Countries

De-Stalinization

Satellite nations

De-nazification Detente ICBMs KGB

Re-Stalinization

Perestroika Glasnost dissidents

FluffThe Doctor’s Plot (Stalin’s Final Purge)

Wladislaw Gomulka

Italian political and economic recovery

Robert Schuman Betty Friedan

General Jaruzelski Growth of Democracy

Helmut Schmidt Mass Sports