key innovations1
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Chronological Innovations from steven johnson's Where Good Ideas Come From.TRANSCRIPT
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
Where Good Ideas Come From
Steven JohnsonRiverhead Books, Penguin, 2010
“…we are often better served by connecting ideas than we are by protecting them.”
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
04/11/2023 [email protected] 2
1350 – 1535 Year Key Innovations Innovator1350 Double-entry accounting Luca Pacioli - 14941440 Printing press Johannes Gutenberg1451 Concave Lens Nicholas of Cusa1483 Parachute Louis-Sebastien Lenormand (da Vinci)1492 Terrestrial Globe Martin Behaim1497 Ball Bearings Philip Vaughan (da Vinci)1500 Portable Watches Peter Henlein1514 Heliocentricity Nicolaus Copernicus1525 Square Root and + and – Symbols Christolph Rudolff1530 Cubic Equations & Complex Numbers Niccolo Tartaglia1535 Pulmonary Respiration Michael Servetus
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
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1540 – 1605 Year Key Innovations Innovator
1540 Ether Valerius Cordus
1551 Steam Turbine Taqi al-Din
1560 Pencil Cumbria/England (+200 yrs/eraser)
1569 Mercator Map Projection Gerard Mercator (plumb lines)
1572 Supernovas and Comets Tycho Brahe
1589 Stocking Frame William Lee
1590 Compound Microscope Zacharias Jannsen
1596 Flush Toilet Sir John Harrington
1600 Planetary Magnetism William Gilbert
1600 Telescope Netherlands (1609 Galileo)
1605 Elliptical Orbits Johannes Kepler (and Tycho Brahe)
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1610 – 1643 Year Key Innovations Innovator1610 Jupiter’s Moons Galileo Galilei1610 Flintlock Marin le Bourgeoys1610 Sunspots Galileo Galilei1614 Logarithms John Napier1628 Blood Circulation William Harvey1631 Vernier Scale Pierre Vernier1632 Ocean Tides Johannes Kepler1632 Slide Rule William Oughtred1634 Law of Falling Bodies Galileo Galilei1637 Analytic Geometry Rene Descartes1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli
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1645 – 1684 Year Key Innovations Innovator1645 Mechanical Calculator Blaise Pascal1654 Vacuum Pump Otto von Guericke1656 Pendulum Clock Christiaan Huygens1660 Balance Spring Watches Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens1662 Boyle’s Law Robert Boyle1665 Light Spectrum Sir Isaac Newton1680 Microorganisms Antoine Philips van Leeuwenhoek1676 Speed of Light Olaus Roemer1676 Hooke’s Law Robert Hooke1679 Pressure Cooker Denis Papin1684 Calculus Isaac Newton
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1686 – 1750 Year Key Innovations Innovator
1686 Law of Universal Gravitation Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke
1687 3 Laws of Motion & Orbits of Comets Isaac Newton, Edmund Halley
1700 Piano Bartolomeo Christofori
1711 Tuning Fork John Shore
1712 Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen
1714 Mercury Thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
1730 Octant (Sailing) Thomas Godfrey, John Hadley
1733 Flying Shuttle (Weaving) John Kay
1735 Linnean Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus
1735 Chronometer (Sailing) Thomas Harrison
1750 Lightning Rod Ben Franklin
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1764 – 1793 Year Key Innovations Innovator1764 Spinning Jenny (Weaving) James Hargreaves, Thomas Highs1767 Carbonated Water Joseph Priestley1770 Photosynthesis J. Ingenhousz, J. Priestley, J. Senebier1772 Plant Respiration Joseph Priestley, Ben Franklin1772 Oxygen Carl Wilhelm Scheele, A. Lavoisier1780 Bifocals Ben Franklin1780 Steamboat John Fitch, Robert Fulton, J. Rumsey1783 Manned Hot Air Balloon Joseph-Michel & Jacques Montgolfier1785 Milky Way William & Caroline (sister) Herschel1785 Power Loom Edmund Cartwright1793 Cotton Gin Eli Whitney
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1796 – 1817 Year Key Innovations Innovator1796 Smallpox Vaccine Edward Jenner1796 Lithography Alois Senefelder1800 Electric Battery Alessandro Volta1800 Atomic Theory John Dalton1800 Molecules Joseph Proust, J. Dalton, Avogadro1800 Suspension Bridge James Finley1805 Steam Locomotive Richard Trevithick1805 Punch Cards (Programming) Joseph Marie Jacquard1814 Spectroscope (Light) Joseph von Fraunhofer1816 Stethoscope René Laennec1817 Bicycle Kael von Drais
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1821 – 1839 Year Key Innovations Innovator1821 Braille Louis Braille, Charles Barbier1821 Electric Motor Michael Faraday1824 Second Law of Thermodynamics Sadi Carnot, Rudolf Clausius1830 Geological Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell, William Whewell1831 Chloroform E. Soubeiran, S. Guthrie, J. von Liebig1834 Refrigerator Jacob Perkins1836 Revolver Samuel Colt1837 Programmable Computer Charles Babbage1838 Telegraph Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail1839 Photography Louis Daguerre, Joseph N. Niépce1839 Vulcanized Rubber Charles Goodyear
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1845 – 1861 Year Key Innovations Innovator1845 Sewing Machine Elias Howe, Isaac Singer1846 Nitroglycerine Ascanio Sobrero1848 Absolute Zero (273.15o C.) Lord Kelvin1850 Pig Iron/Steelmaking Henry Bessemer1853 Elevator Elisha Otis1897 Aspirin Charles Gerhardt1856 Bunsen Burner Robert Bunsen1858 Mason Jar John L. Mason1859 Lead-Acid Battery Gaston Plante1859 Natural Selection Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace1861 Gatling Gun Richard Gatling
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1861 – 1879 Year Key Innovations Innovator1861 Vacuum Cleaner Ives W. McGaffey1862 Plastic Alexander Parkes1862 Germ Theory Louis Pasteur1863 Dynamite Alfred Nobel1864 Periodic Table Dmitri Medeleev, John Newlands1865 Benzene Structure Joseph Loschmidt, August Kekule1865 Heredity Gregor Mendel, Thomas H. Morgan1868 Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes1876 Telephone Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray1878 Enzymes Wilhelm Kühne, E. Buchner, L. Pasteur1879 Light bulb Thomas Alva Edison
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1879 – 1888 Year Key Innovations Innovator1879 Cell Division Walther Flemming1880 Seismograph John Milne1881 Infant Incubators Jean-Louis-Paul Denucé1885 Welding Machine Nikolai Bernardos, Stanislav Olszewski1885 Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler1885 Automobile Karl Benz, G. Daimler, W. Maybach1885 Induction Motor (electromagnetic) Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla1885 Calculator William Seward Burroughs1887 Contact Lenses F. A. Muller, A. E. Fick1887 EKG Augustus Waller1888 Motion Picture Camera Thomas Edison, Eadweard Muybridge
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1890 – 1905 Year Key Innovations Innovator1890 Mitochondria Richard Altmann1891 Tesla Coil (transformer) Nikola Tesla1896 Radio G.Marconi, K.Braun, N.Tesla, H.Hertz1896 Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen, M. & P. Curie1897 Electron J. J. Thomson, J. Townsend, H. Wilson1901 Blood Types Karl Landsteiner1902 Air Conditioning Willis Haviland Carrier1902 Stratosphere Richard Assmann, Léon T. de Bort1903 Engine-Powered Airplane W. & O. Wright, Otto Lilienthal1905 Vitamins William Fletcher1905 Hormones Ernest Henry Starling, W. M. Baylis
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1905 – 1913 Year Key Innovations Innovator1905 Mass-Energy Equivalence (E=mc2) Albert Einstein1905 Special Relativity Albert Einstein1906 Earth’s Core (liquidity) Richard Oldham1906 Neurotransmitters Santiago Ramón y Cajal, C. Golgi1908 Washing Machine Alva John Fisher1910 Genes on Chromosomes Thomas Hunt Morgan1911 Superconductivity (super cooling) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes1913 Cosmic Rays Werner Kolhörster, V. Hess, T. Wulf1913 Electrons in Chemical Bonding Niels Bohr1915 Continental Drift Alfred Wegener1913 Moving Assembly Line Henry Ford
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1915 – 1935 Year Key Innovations Innovator1915 Theory of General Relativity Albert Einstein1920 Helicopter Raúl Pateras Pescara1925 Quantum Mechanics Heisenberg, Einstein, Bohr, Planck1926 Liquid Engine Rocket Robert H. Goddard1927 Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg1927 Television Philo Farnsworth1928 Penicillin Alexander Fleming1929 Expansion of the Universe Edwin Hubble1930 Jet Engine Hans von Ohain, Frank Whittle1932 Neutron James Chadwick1935 Radar Robert Watson-Watt
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
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1935 – 1950 Year Key Innovations Innovator1935 Tape Recorder Semi Joseph Begun1937 Nylon Wallace Carothers1935 Ecosystem Arthur Tansley1937 Krebs Cycle (cell respiratory) Hans Krebs1938 Atomic Reactor Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard1944 Computer Konrad Zuse1944 DNA Genetics Avery-MacLeod-McCarthy1946 Microwave Oven Percy Spencer1947 Transistor Bill Shockley, W. Brattain, J. Bardeen1949 Radiocarbon Dating Willard Libby1950 Artificial Pacemaker John Hopps
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1951 – 1968 Year Key Innovations Innovator1951 Oral Contraceptive John Rock, Carl Djerassi1953 Early Life Simulated (amino acids) Stanley Miller, Harold Urey1953 Double Helix (DNA) James D. Watson, Francis Crick1956 VCR Charles Paulson Ginsburg1958 Laser Arthur Schawlow, Charles H. Townes1958 GPS Ivan Getting (Guier & Weiffenbach)1965 Cosmic Microwave Radiation (B-Bang) Arno Penzias, Robert W. Wilson1967 Pulsars (neutron stars) Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Antony Hewish1967 RNA Genetics Carl Woese1968 Restriction Enzymes (Recom DNA) H. O. Smith, K. W. Wilcox, T. J. Kelly1968 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Douglas Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
04/11/2023 [email protected] 18
1970 – 1988 Year Key Innovations Innovator
1970 Internet Vinton Cerf, DARPA
1971 CT Scan Godfrey Hounsfield
1974 MRI Raymond Damadian
1975 Endorphins John Hughes, Hans Kosterlitz
1976 Personal Computer (Apple I) Steve Wosniak, Steve Jobs
1976 Oncogenes (cancer) J. Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus
1977 RNA Splicing Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
1977 Archaea (archaebacteria) Carl Woese
1980 Asteroid Extinction (dinosaurs) Luis & Walter (son) Alvarez
1984 DNA Forensics (fingerprints) Alec Jeffreys
1988 Universe Accelerating (expansion) Adam Riess, Brian Schmidt
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
04/11/2023 [email protected] 19
1989
Year Key Innovations Innovator
1989 World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
04/11/2023 [email protected] 20
Veritas
Steven Johnson. Where Good Ideas Come From (Riverhead Books, Penguin, 2010)
04/11/2023 [email protected] 21
Thank You