Anexo 1 - Indice Global de Competitividad Comparativo entre Perú y Singapur

Key indicators Perú SingapurTotal population (millions), 2007 28.8 4.4

1,285,215 693.0

GDP (US$ billions), 2007 109.1 161.3

GDP per capita (US$), 2007 3,885.9 35,162.9

GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total, 2007 0.33 0.34

Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score Rank Score

(out of 134) (1-7) (out of 134) (1-7)

GCI 2008–2009 (out of 134) 83 3.95 ▲ 5 5.53 ▲

GCI 2007–2008 (out of 131) 86 3.87 ▼ 7 5.45 ▼

GCI 2006–2007 (out of 122) 74 3.94 ▲ 5 5.63 ▲

GCI 2005–2006 (out of 117) 68 3.66 ▼ 6 5.48 ▼

GCI 2004–2005 (out of 104) 67 3.78 7 5.56

GCI 2003–2004 (out of 102) 57 6

GCI 2002–2003 (out of 80) 54 6

GCI 2001–2002 (out of 75) 55 7

Basic requirements 94 4.0 3 6.1

1st pillar: Institutions 101 3.5 1 6.2

2nd pillar: Infrastructure 110 2.5 4 6.4

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability 67 5.0 21 5.7

4th pillar: Health and primary education 95 5.1 16 6.2

Efficiency enhancers 69 4.0 2 5.5

5th pillar: Higher education and training 89 3.6 8 5.6

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 61 4.2 1 5.8

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 75 4.3 2 5.7

8th pillar: Financial market sophistication 45 4.7 2 5.9

9th pillar: Technological readiness 87 3.0 7 5.6

10th pillar: Market size 50 4.2 41 4.4

Innovation and sophistication factors 83 3.4 11 5.2

11th pillar: Business sophistication 67 4.1 14 5.3

12th pillar: Innovation 110 2.7 11 5.1

Superficie (Km2)

InstitutionsInfrastructure

Macroeconomic stability

Health and primary education

Higher education and training

Goods market efficiencyLabor market efficiency

Financial market sophistication

Technological readiness

Market size

Business sophistication

Innovation

-3

2

7

Perú Singapur

InstitutionsInfrastructure

Macroeconomic stability

Health and primary education

Higher education and training

Goods market efficiencyLabor market efficiency

Financial market sophistication

Technological readiness

Market size

Business sophistication

Innovation

-3

2

7

Perú Singapur

Anexo 2 - Principales Factores Problemas para Hacer NegociosComparativo entre Perú y Singapur

Factores Perú Singapur

Restrictive labor regulations 18.8 10.3

Inefficient government bureaucracy 16.9 2.2

Inadequate supply of infrastructure 15.5 5.9

Corruption 12.4 0.1

Tax regulations 8.0 7.6

Policy instability 7.2 0.8

Tax rates 6.9 9.4

Inadequately educated workforce 4.9 14.7

Access to financing 3.2 5.2

Crime and theft 1.5 0.2

Poor work ethic in national labor force 1.3 6.4

Inflation 1.2 35.4

Poor public health 1.1 0.6

Foreign currency regulations 0.7 1.3

Government instability/coups 0.3 -

Restrictive labor regulations

Inefficient government bureaucracy

Inadequate supply of infrastructure

Corruption

Tax regulations

Policy instability

Tax rates

Inadequately educated workforce

Access to financing

Crime and theft

Poor work ethic in national labor force

Inflation

Poor public health

Foreign currency regulations

Government instability/coups

- 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

The most problematic factor for doing business

Singapur Perú

Anexo 3 - Ranking Comparativo de GCI entre Perú y Singapur a Nivel Detalle

Indicador Perú Singapur Dif

1.01 Property rights 102 ▼ 4 ▲ (98)

1.02 Intellectual property protection 121 ▼ 2 ▲ (119)

1.03 Diversion of public funds 70 ▼ 5 ▲ (65)

1.04 Public trust of politicians 102 ▼ 1 ▲ (101)

1.05 Judicial independence 114 ▼ 15 ▼ (99)

1.06 Favoritism in decisions of government officials 79 ▼ 4 ▲ (75)

1.07 Wastefulness of government spending 63 ▼ 1 ▲ (62)

1.08 Burden of government regulation 123 ▼ 1 ▲ (122)

1.09 Efficiency of legal framework 115 ▼ 2 ▲ (113)

1.10 Transparency of government policymaking 96 ▼ 1 ▲ (95)

1.11 Business costs of terrorism 102 ▼ 76 ▼ (26)

1.12 Business costs of crime and violence 113 ▼ 9 ▲ (104)

1.13 Organized crime 99 ▼ 8 ▲ (91)

1.14 Reliability of police services 123 ▼ 6 ▲ (117)

1.15 Ethical behavior of firms 92 ▼ 5 ▲ (87)

1.16 Strength of auditing and reporting standards 68 ▼ 7 ▲ (61)

1.17 Efficacy of corporate boards 50 ▲ 6 ▲ (44)

1.18 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests 65 ▼ 8 ▲ (57)

2nd pillar: Infrastructure

2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure 113 ▼ 2 ▲ (111)

2.02 Quality of roads 99 ▼ 3 ▲ (96)

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure 90 ▼ 10 ▲ (80)

2.04 Quality of port infrastructure 127 ▼ 1 ▲ (126)

2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure 94 ▼ 1 ▲ (93)

2.06 Available seat kilometers 48 ▲ 17 ▼ (31)

2.07 Quality of electricity supply 69 ▼ 13 ▼ (56)

2.08 Telephone lines 96 ▼ 30 ▼ (66)

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability

3.01 Government surplus/deficit 27 ▲ 9 ▲ (18)

3.02 National savings rate* 43 ▲ 6 ▲ (37)

3.03 Inflation* 16 ▲ 24 ▼ 8

3.04 Interest rate spread* 126 ▼ 59 ▼ (67)

3.05 Government debt* 48 ▲ 121 ▼ 73

4th pillar: Health and primary education

4.01 Business impact of malaria 81 ▼ 56 ▼ (25)

4.02 Malaria incidence* 105 ▼ 1 ▲ (104)

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis 94 ▼ 29 ▼ (65)

4.04 Tuberculosis incidence* 97 ▼ 46 ▼ (51)

4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS 81 ▼ 19 ▼ (62)

4.06 HIV prevalence 79 ▼ 50 ▼ (29)

4.07 Infant mortality 80 ▼ 2 ▲ (78)

4.08 Life expectancy 55 ▼ 12 ▲ (43)

4.09 Quality of primary education 133 ▼ 3 ▲ (130)

4.10 Primary enrollment 42 ▲ 38 ▼ (4)

4.11 Education expenditure 111 ▼ 110 ▼ (1)

5th pillar: Higher education and training

5.01 Secondary enrollment* 46 ▲ 21 ▼ (25)

5.02 Tertiary enrollment* 58 ▼ 31 ▼ (27)

5.03 Quality of the educational system 133 ▼ 2 ▲ (131)

5.04 Quality of math and science education 133 ▼ 2 ▲ (131)

5.05 Quality of management schools 57 ▼ 7 ▲ (50)

5.06 Internet access in schools 87 ▼ 9 ▲ (78)

5.07 Local availability of research and training services 86 ▼ 13 ▼ (73)

5.08 Extent of staff training 93 ▼ 3 ▲ (90)

Indicador Perú Singapur Dif

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

6.01 Intensity of local competition 47 ▲ 30 ▲ (17)

6.02 Extent of market dominance 81 ▼ 11 ▼ (70)

6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy 63 ▼ 20 ▼ (43)

6.04 Extent and effect of taxation 74 ▼ 5 ▲ (69)

6.05 Total tax rate* 62 ▼ 10 ▲ (52)

6.06 No. of procedures required to start a business* 75 ▼ 9 ▲ (66)

6.07 Time required to start a business* 114 ▼ 4 ▲ (110)6.08 Agricultural policy costs 51 ▼ 2 ▲ (49)6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers 59 ▼ 2 ▲ (57)6.10 Trade-weighted tariff rate* 79 ▼ 3 ▲ (76)6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership 19 ▲ 3 ▲ (16)6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI 30 ▲ 2 ▲ (28)6.13 Burden of customs procedures 94 ▼ 1 ▲ (93)6.14 Degree of customer orientation 65 ▼ 10 ▲ (55)6.15 Buyer sophistication 49 ▲ 9 ▲ (40)7th pillar: Labor market efficiency7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations 87 ▼ 2 ▲ (85)7.02 Flexibility of wage determination 28 ▲ 4 ▲ (24)7.03 Non-wage labor costs 30 ▲ 46 ▼ 16 7.04 Rigidity of employment 112 ▼ 1 ▲ (111)7.05 Hiring and firing practices 94 ▼ 2 ▲ (92)7.06 Firing costs* 81 ▼ 7 ▲ (74)7.07 Pay and productivity 92 ▼ 2 ▲ (90)7.08 Reliance on professional management 57 ▼ 8 ▲ (49)7.09 Brain drain 69 ▼ 13 ▼ (56)7.10 Female participation in labor force* 71 ▼ 83 ▼ 12 8th pillar: Financial market sophistication8.01 Financial market sophistication 54 ▼ 10 ▲ (44)8.02 Financing through local equity market 52 ▼ 18 ▼ (34)8.03 Ease of access to loans 53 ▼ 11 ▼ (42)8.04 Venture capital availability 56 ▼ 12 ▼ (44)8.05 Restriction on capital flows 29 ▲ 7 ▲ (22)8.06 Strength of investor protection* 15 ▲ 2 ▲ (13)8.07 Soundness of banks 42 ▲ 13 ▼ (29)8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges 35 ▲ 7 ▲ (28)8.09 Legal rights index* 72 ▼ 3 ▲ (69)9th pillar: Technological readiness9.01 Availability of latest technologies 113 ▼ 14 ▼ (99)9.02 Firm-level technology absorption 89 ▼ 13 ▼ (76)9.03 Laws relating to ICT 82 ▼ 3 ▲ (79)9.04 FDI and technology transfer 44 ▲ 1 ▲ (43)9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* 95 ▼ 15 ▼ (80)9.06 Internet users* 56 ▼ 15 ▼ (41)9.07 Personal computers* 61 ▼ 8 ▲ (53)9.08 Broadband Internet subscribers* 63 ▼ 22 ▼ (41)10th pillar: Market size10.01 Domestic market size* 45 ▲ 53 ▼ 8 10.02 Foreign market size* 55 ▼ 11 ▼ (44)11th pillar: Business sophistication11.01 Local supplier quantity 52 ▼ 44 ▼ (8)11.02 Local supplier quality 54 ▼ 22 ▼ (32)11.03 State of cluster development 73 ▼ 3 ▲ (70)11.04 Nature of competitive advantage 93 ▼ 16 ▼ (77)11.05 Value chain breadth 79 ▼ 14 ▼ (65)11.06 Control of international distribution 74 ▼ 57 ▼ (17)11.07 Production process sophistication 79 ▼ 14 ▼ (65)11.08 Extent of marketing 54 ▼ 17 ▼ (37)11.09 Willingness to delegate authority 61 ▼ 15 ▼ (46)12th pillar: Innovation12.01 Capacity for innovation 86 ▼ 19 ▼ (67)12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions 121 ▼ 13 ▼ (108)12.03 Company spending on R&D 80 ▼ 10 ▲ (70)12.04 University-industry research collaboration 107 ▼ 5 ▲ (102)12.05 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products 112 ▼ 1 ▲ (111)12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers 103 ▼ 22 ▼ (81)12.07 Utility patents 77 ▼ 11 ▼ (66)

Indicador Perú Singapur Dif3.05 Government debt* 48 121 73

7.03 Non-wage labor costs 30 46 16

7.10 Female participation in labor force* 71 83 12

3.03 Inflation* 16 24 8

10.01 Domestic market size* 45 53 8

4.11 Education expenditure 111 110 (1)

4.10 Primary enrollment 42 38 (4)

11.01 Local supplier quantity 52 44 (8)

8.06 Strength of investor protection* 15 2 (13)

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership 19 3 (16)

6.01 Intensity of local competition 47 30 (17)

11.06 Control of international distribution 74 57 (17)

3.01 Government surplus/deficit 27 9 (18)

1.08 Burden of government regulation 123 1 (122)

2.04 Quality of port infrastructure 127 1 (126)

4.09 Quality of primary education 133 3 (130)

5.03 Quality of the educational system 133 2 (131)

5.04 Quality of math and science education 133 2 (131)