KEY EVENTS IN INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

KEY EVENTS

The Beginning18th & 19th Centuries20th & 21st Centuries

THE BEGINNING

Why is this building, theFriedensaal, significantto international relations?

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA

Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA-1648

3 things came out of the Treaty:Sovereignty States System

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Demand for Popular Sovereignty2) Westernization of international

system 3) Culmination of multipolar system

#1- EVOLUTION OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

3 things were involved:#1- Historically Raison d’état

prevailed ‘Requirements of the State’ Based on ‘the divine right of kings’ Meaning of sovereignty

#1- DEMAND FOR POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

3 things were involved: #2 - Challenges to raison d’état

Push for ‘popular’ sovereignty American Revolution (1776) French Revolution (1789)

#1- DEMAND FOR POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

Demand caused 3 things to happen:

#3- Eventual collapse of dynasties Tsarist RussiaAustria-HungaryOttoman EmpireImperial ChinaSoviet Union

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Demand for Popular Sovereignty2) Westernization of international

system 3) Culmination of multipolar system

WESTERNIZATION OF INT’L SYSTEM

Scientific & Technological Advances

Guns & GunpowderNaval TechnologyIndustrial Revolution

Mass productionAdvances in transportationAdvances in communication

WESTERNIZATION OF INT’L SYSTEM

Colonization & ImperialismWhat are these?Where?

THE AMERICAS

AFRICA

ASIA

THE SUN NEVER SETS

18TH & 19TH CENTURIES

3 Key Changes Impacted System Development1) Demand for Popular Sovereignty2) Westernization of International

System 3) Culmination of Multipolar System

Culmination of Multipolar System

Types of World Systems:Unipolar SystemBipolar SystemMultipolar SystemModified Multipolar System

POWER POLES

Power Pole

Growing Power

Power

Pole

Power

Pole

Power

Pole

Growing Power

20TH & 21ST CENTURIES

World War I -1914-1919Bolshevik Revolution -1917Post-WWI

The Great Depression -1929World War II -1939-1945

Post WWIICold War Era -1945-1991Post CW Era -1991 to present

WORLD WAR I

Treaty of Versailles War Reparations

Empires end Austro-Hungarian Empire Ottoman Empire

OTTOMAN EMPIRE FROM 1807-1924

• All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia,

• Large parts of Serbia, Romania • Bits of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine

POST WORLD WAR I

Rise of Soviet UnionRise of German nationalismThe Great Depression -1929Munich Conference -1938

 SudentenlandAppeasement Policy

WORLD WAR II

European Theater of OperationsPacific Theater of Operations

POST WORLD WAR II

Emergence of a Bipolar System Formation of the United Nations Decolonization

Reasons for Difficulties for former colonies

WAR OF IDEOLOGIES: DEMOCRACY V. COMMUNISMSecuring Interests in Europe

United StatesMarshall Plan, Truman PlanFormation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Soviet UnionEastern European takeover= Eastern Bloc

Warsaw Treaty Pact

COLD WAR FOREIGN POLICY

Cuban Missile Crisis -1962 US Containment Doctrine

Korean WarMcCarthyismVietnam War

Nixon goes to China -1972 SU invades Afghanistan -1979Brief era of détente

Thawing of relations

COLD WAR ERA-THE REAGAN YEARS

Détente ends Reagan Administration

New Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev - 1985Perestroika (economic restructuring)Glasnost (openness)

Berlin Wall is torn down -1989Eastern Bloc countries follow

Fall of the Soviet Union -1991End of bipolar system

POST-COLD WAR ERA

Modified Multipolar SystemGlobal North v. Global SouthEuropean Union

Expansion of EU in P-CW eraAdoption of euro -1999

China joins World Trade Organization (WTO)

POST-COLD WAR ERA

9/11'War on Terror‘ beginsChallenges traditional approach to

securityWar in Afghanistan -2001

Operation Enduring FreedomIraq -2003Arab Spring -2011