+

Key 1.1- Day 1

Human Geography

+Bell ringer

List five countries you never knew existed before the mapping activity from last nights homework.

Where were they?

Based on the countries surrounding them, what do you think the culture is like?

+Human Geography

Two questions Geographers strive to answer

1. Where- Where are people and activities found on Earth?

2. Why- Why are they found there?

+Map skills are essential to answer questions of…Where?

+Cartographer

Definition: The science of map-making

Two reasons to use maps:As a reference tool (to keep us from

getting lost)As a communications tool (to explain

where something is distributed)

+Two basic map reading skills/understanding

I. ScaleII. Projection

+I. Scale

Definition- Refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth.

Scale is presented in three different forms.1. Ratio

2. Written

3. Graphic scale

+1. Ratio Ratio Scale- Fractional scale shows the numerical ratio

between distances on the map and Earth’s surface.

Example below…

+2. Written Scale

Describes relationship between map and Earth distances in words.

Example below…

+3. Graphic Scale Use of symbols, usually bar line, used to show distance

on Earths surface. Example below….

+Scale is a simple math problem Which number is larger? ½ or ¼ Try this one 1/1,000 or 1/10,000 What is the difference between 1:10,000 or 1:10,000 What does this mean on a map? 1:10,000 a scale of 1:10,000 means that one inch on a

map corresponds to 10,000 inches on the ground

+Do you think the scale is larger for a map of a city or country? CityCountyStateRegionCountryContinentWorld

+Scale can change information and understanding

Total Number of African-Americans in each State1951 - 112460112461 - 300130300131 - 778035778036 - 14563231456324 - 2859055

900 0 900 1800 Miles

N

EW

S

Continental United States

+

Number of African-Americans per County0 - 47914792 - 1219412195 - 2424124242 - 8260882609 - 324008

100 0 100 200 Miles

N

EW

S

Georgia

+

Percentage of African-Americans in Atlanta Metropolitan Area-99-99 - 13.5813.58 - 38.6638.66 - 75.175.1 - 99.76

30 0 30 60 Miles

N

EW

S

Atlanta Metropolitan Area Census Tracts

Atlanta

+Yes you can eat your oranges when you done…..Directions: Identify and mark on the orange the locations of the North

Pole and South Pole. Then locate the spot that is halfway between the two

poles and use a marker to draw a line around the Earth at that point, which geographers refer to as the equator.

Draw a few lines of longitude on the map. Then draw shapes to represent the continents on Earth. Choose two points on the orange and measure the

distance between them. Use a pencil to pierce the skin of the orange, then use

your fingers to get under the skin to peel it off the grapefruit. Try to keep as much of the "globe" intact as possible

Discuss: How was shape projected differently. Did the distance between two areas change? Did any of the continents size change? What is this type of

projection called? Did you notice any change in direction?

+II. ProjectionDefinition- Transferring locations

on Earth’s surface to a flat map. 4 types of distortions

1. Shape-Area appears more elongated or shorter than in reality

2. Distance-Distance between two points is disproportionate.

3. Relative size- Alters area to appear larger or smaller then they are in reality.

4. Direction-Direction from one place to another can be incorrect on map.

+Robinson

+Interrupted Projection

+Can projection be prejudice? You decide…. Annotate the maps: Circle, write thoughts/comments.

What differences do you see between the two maps? How might these differences between these maps favor one region over the other? What questions would you like to ask the class about these maps (make your peers think)?

+Try this one on for sizehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLqC3FNNOaI

+Wherever you are is the center of the Earth China / Japan: In modern times, Chinese and Japanese maps are

split at the Atlantic, so have Japan right in the middle and China near the center. [ Source: personal observation by Francis in early 2003; email from Jez who used to live in Japan ] In Tokyo, English language maps that are for sale are printed in Australia; the maps in both countries are Pacific Centred. [ Source: email from Rev ]

India (Ancient): Sanskrit "daksa" means 'able, strong, dexterous'; whence "daksina" meaning both 'right' and 'south'. Presumably this indicates that they used maps with East at the top. [ Source: email from Anton. Anybody know anything about map orientation in India, ancient or modern? ]

New Zealand: Upsidedown or "corrected" maps are becoming more popular, especially with tourists. For example, a tea towel with such a map saying "no longer down under". [ Source: email from Jez who has bought such a towel ] As a child, a New Zealand friend always referred to the maps with North at the top as "the wrong way up", and this page's "upside down" maps as "the right way up" or "the way it's supposed to be..." [ Source: email from CH ]

+FRQ

For each map each map do the following:a) Identify the type of projection used by the cartographer. (1 point)b)  2. Discuss ONE weakness and ONE strength of each map for the display of this specific data set. (4 points)