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Kevin M. Maher University of Macau kmaher@umac.mo Nis, Serbia ESP Conference May 22-24, 2015 APPLYING COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING TO ORAL PRESENTATIONS

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1) Setting Guidelines & Structure 2) Pre-Speech Audience Involvement 3) Pre-Speech Exercises 4) Audience ROLES 5) Wrap-up 5 SECTIONS OF TODAYS PRESENTATION

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PART I SETTING STRUCTURE AND GUIDELINES

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Difficult to assess actual speech skills Students rely on it as a crutch Presenter MUST personally connecting with audience RULE #1 NO POWERPOINT!

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Students should practice to stay within their time limit. Assign timekeeper students to watch and notify speaker. I prefer 3-5 minute speeches. RULE #2 TIME IT!

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Puts a barrier between speech and audience Its a crutch Loses audience connection, reading an audience, eye contact, etc. RULE #3 ABSOLUTELY NO READING!

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Yet another barrier between audience. Students might lean or slouch Allows notes to be placed on it and viewed too often RULE #4 NO PODIUM ALLOWED!

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Eye contact is essential! Eyes must engage with the audience Look at different people, connecting with them RULE #5 EYE CONTACT

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Connecting with the audience means effectively using gestures Confidence is shown through body language RULE #6 USE BODY LANGUAGE AND HANDS!

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Not monotone Use range of loud and louder, to attract audience Clearly spoken, pauses, absorbing RULE #7 VOICE

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HOOK to connect with audience BODY PARAGRAPHS clearly organized and logical CONCLUSION RULE #8 WELL-WRITTEN!

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#5 Eye Contact #6 Use Body Language & Gestures #7 Voice Clear, Connecting with Audience #8 Well-written (Hook, Body, Conclusion) THE 8 RULES #1 No PowerPoint #2 Timed #3 No READING from notes #4 No Podium allowed

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PART II PRE-SPEECH AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT

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The PERFECT audience: Shows respect for speaker Listens to presentation Laughs, enjoys, LISTENS The BAD audience: Talks during presentations Chats on cellphones Makes noises with bags If you are a bad audience member: Youll lose class points. THE PERFECT AUDIENCE

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One person CHOSEN. You will be presenter. 95% of the class will be GREAT audience! 5% BAD Audience: ROLES: Person who YAWNS a lot. Person using PHONE. Person trying to talk to neighbors. Person into BAG Person playing with pen or objects. THE AUDIENCE GAME GOOD / BAD!

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Students will watch videos, than present on the content of the videos. Students will watch videos, but may be unfamiliar with the vocabulary. Pre-teach the vocabulary. PRE-SPEECH AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT Pre-Teach VocabWatch & Teach Videos

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KEY WORDS Unprepared Speech Delivery Practice Presentation Eye Contact Dont stare Posture

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Looking at the back wall or floor. Looking only at the teacher. Looking only at your best friends. Only moving your eyes, but not moving your head. Look at different people in the audience. Look at each one for a key point, than different person. Feel free to walk around, make yourself more comfortable EYE CONTACT Good Eye ContactBad Eye contact

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HOW TO HAVE GOOD EYE CONTACT

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Random Student will be chosen! Give a Speech: How to use EYE CONTACT in your speech! Audience: What do you think of the eye contact? IMPROMPTU EYE CONTACT SPEECH

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Swaying back and forth Head down Slumping Anything that distract the audience Dont play with buttons Dont play with hair Dont do anything repetitive that audience pays attention to too much. AFRAID of the Audience! Straight spinal chord Neck held up properly Hands comfortably and loosely in the front ENGAGE with the Audience! POSTURE / BODY LANGUAGE GOOD POSTURE / Good Body LanguageBAD POSTURE / Good Body Language

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WHAT TO DO WITH YOUR HANDS

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Random Student will be chosen! Tell us how to use HANDS in your speech! Audience: What do you think of the gestures? IMPROMPTU HANDS SPEECH

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UHMMHMMSTOPPING VOCAL PAUSES

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Random Student will be chosen! Tell us how to NOT to use Vocal Pauses in your speech! Audience: How did the speaker do? IMPROMPTU VOCAL PAUSES SPEECH

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PART III PRE-SPEECH FINE-TUNING SPEECH SKILLS

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Hands clasped Arms folded across Legs crossed Wide-stance Hands in pockets What do you think about each persons posture? Tell a partner. 1. TALKING ABOUT POSTURE:

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Walk of the Matador Students prepare proverb, saying, or piece of advice. With perfect posture, they walk to the front of the class, deliver it with confidence, bow, and audience cheers! 2. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING EXERCISE

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Look your partner in the eye Shift focus from right eye, to left eye, to nose, to lips, repeat. 2-3 minutes any topic. Than talk about it afterwards. 3. EYE CONTACT EXERCISE #1

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Look your Audience in the eye Students come up, one at a time, and look at different audience members in the eye. I use 1 Mississippi, 2 Mississippi, etc. 4. EYE CONTACT EXERCISE #2

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1) With a partner, try to mimic faces! 2) Practice off Vocabulary lists: Squint your eyes Look surprised Look frustrated Look doubtful Wrinkle your eyebrows Bite your lip Look angry 5. PRACTICE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

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Students mimic poses. Vocab. Than students practice BAD body language! Sway back and forth Twirl hair Play with a button Nod head excessively Look at your feet Practice good body language! 6. BEWARE BODY LANGUAGE

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Vocabulary. Practice with a Partner I dont know Wait a minute Stop! Thats OK Dont do that! Great job! See you later! Im full Thats enough Youre crazy! Go away! Youre right! 7. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Kevin M. Maher University of Macau kmaher@umac.mo Presented at KOTESOL, Seoul, October 2014

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Captures attention, gets interest. MUST BE RELATED TO TOPIC! Examples: Tell a brief story Ask a question, arouse curiosity Shocking fact or quote 8. CATCHY HOOK INTRODUCTIONS

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Brainstorm for subtopics! Students write down title and subtopics only. Than they share segments of subtopics with a partner (without anything written out) 9. MAIN BODY OF SPEECH

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Dont have entire speech written out! OUTLINE ONLY: Main Points Key words/phrases/quotes Speaker MUST maintain eye contact 10. EFFECTIVE USE OF NOTES (IF YOU DO ALLOW NOTES)

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Students list practice advice/suggestions. Teacher suggestions, they discuss Several days beforehand? Full-length mirror? Tape/video record? Friends/family Listen? Private locations? Timing practice? With or without notes? 11. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT DISCUSSION!

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PART IV AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT

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Different members observe different functions: Eye contact Posture Body Language Vocal Pauses Notes Usage Catchy Introduction Facial Expressions Voice ASSIGN ROLES TO AUDIENCE!

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Select audience members ONLY watch for VOCAL PAUSES How many times did they uh, err, hmm. Students count them! EXAMPLE ROLE: UH-OH EXPERTS

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Individual audience members assigned. COUNT each time the speaker makes eye contact with you personally Note where speakers do look. EYE CONTACT GURUS

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Record every facial expression you observed. End of speech, what were the top 3 you noticed most? FACIAL EXPRESSION OBSERVERS

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Records time. Also gives minute warnings. Holds up sign for speaker to see. TIMEKEEPER

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Observe THE HANDS. What do they do? How do they emphasize points? Are they used effectively? HANDY PERSON

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Did the INTRODUCTION effectively attract the audience? Was it an interesting hook? Did it engage the audience? HOOK JUDGE

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Observe THE STANCE. How do they stand? Do they appear confidence? STANCE NOTICER

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OVERALL observation. How does the speech giver connect overall with the audience? Observer takes everything into account voice, body language, stance, gestures, words, material. CONNECTING WITH THE AUDIENCE CONNECTOR

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How effective is their VOICE? Is it clear, loud enough and easy enough language to understand? Do they use a range of pitches to draw audience? VOICE WIZARD

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How were the words, grammar, etc.? Examine the content of the speech, the structure, the chosen words, the vocabulary, etc. WORDS COMMENTER

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CONCLUSION CONCLUDER Observation on HOW THE CONCLUSION ends? Is it too abrupt? Did the speech give a lasting impression to remember the speech?

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Uh-Oh Expert Eye Contact Guru Facial Expressions Observer Handy Person Stance Noticer Voice Wizard Conclusion Concluder Words Commenter Connecting with the Audience Connector Hook Judge Timekeeper ALL 11 ROLES

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PART V WRAP-UP

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Assign students to view themselves Possible assignments: Points to improve upon VIDEO RECORD ALL THE SPEECHES

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Organize speech contest. Put two classrooms together. Other teacher assesses students with same rubric. TEACHERS COORDINATE SPEECH CONTEST AMONG CLASSES

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I dont recommend this! But I knew a teacher who made students go out on campus and gather a crowd to give a speech! THE OUTRAGEOUS PUBLIC SPEECH

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Every audience member takes notes on every speech. They will take a quiz based on the content. A second variation of this, is a quiz based on how students presented. (Much more abstract, and challenging to create however) EVERYONE TAKES NOTES QUIZ NEXT CLASS!

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Uh-Oh Expert Eye Contact Guru Facial Expressions Observer Handy Person Stance Noticer Voice Wizard IN CONCLUSION

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Hope you enjoyed my presentation!!! Kevin M. Maher University of Macau kmaher@umac.mo THANK YOU!