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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE TWO SHORT STORY,

HOW TO HOOK A HUSBAND AND MARIAH

1. Both short story is about the marriage in life that we have to face as a human.

2. Both short story is about relationship between family and community. For

example, in the short story of “ Mariah” relationship between Imam and Cik

Yam that is husband and wife while Cik Gu Nab is village community. In the

short story of “How to hook a husband” relationship between Malar and her

parents is family while Muthu is a tenant of the neighbour’s back room.

3. The main character of both short story is women. Malar is the main character

in the short story of How to hook a husband and Mariah in the short story of

Mariah.

5 Important Elements of a Short Story

A short story is a short work of fiction. Fiction, as you know, is prose writing about

imagined events and characters. Prose writing differs from poetry in that it does not

depend on verses, meters or rhymes for its organization and presentation.

CHARACTER

A character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work.

SETTING

The setting of a short story is the time and place in which it happens. Authors often use descriptions of landscape, scenery, buildings, seasons or weather to provide a strong sense of setting.

PLOT

A plot is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict.

THEME

The theme is the central idea or belief in a short story.

MORAL VALUES

The good habits that must be followed in daily life.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST ELEMENTS IN THE SHORT STORIES.

PLOT

How To Hook A Husband Mariah

1. EXPOSITION

The story is about a

Ceylonese family, who has

five daughters and one son.

Their lives depend on the

father’s pension money.

The parents ask their

daughter to look for

husband by themselves

because they cannot afford

to pay the dowry.

2. RISING ACTION

Malar try the best to hook a

husband. Malar always

follow her mother to

market, temples and

wedding houses and

constant attempt to attract

male attention by wearing a

beautiful dress and

personal adornments. The

situation is become worse

1. EXPOSITION

The story is about Mariah.

A widow who sell nasi

belauk to the villagers. She

was very attractive person

and become an attention to

the men in the village.

“Rumour had it that her

nasi weren't much to crow

about, but it was a

combination of Mariah's

swaying as well as her

smile that made all men

flock to the village square”.

Her husband had passed

away soon after.

2. RISING ACTION

Cik Gu Nab, one of the

local women leaders in the

village come to Cik Yam

house. the reason she

came to Cik Yam house in

not just a usual visit, but

she come to gossip and

slandering about Mariah.

Tuk Imam’s remembering

his past memories about

when Mangales landed a

husband but the eldest,

Malar is still not married.

Then, Malar tries to tackles

Muthu whose they though

work as a bank manager.

She waiting for Muthu pass

by the gates and learn how

to ride a bicycles. After that,

Muthu always attends

dinner at Malar’s house.

3. CLIMAX

Malar’s parents began to

drop hint to Muthu. Muthu

agree to married with

impose certain conditions.

Malar was delirious with

happiness. At the end they

got married.

4. FALLING ACTIONS

After married, Malar stay

leave at the rental room

and plan to move later.

After dinner, the family sits

in the hall. The youngest

brother has asked Muthu

about his salary. Muthu

his unforgettable love of the

Sheikh’s daughter when he

was studying at Pattani.

3. CLIMAX

Tuk Imam asked for his

wife’s permission to marry

Mariah. Cik Yam said "Yes"

to the Imam request. Cik

Gu Leh, the Imam's

emissary, came to Mariah's

house asking for her hand.

Mariah then agrees with the

proposal.

4. FALLING ACTIONS

The wedding is organised.

She took out her savings

and prepared for the

wedding. Guests come to

the house in Kota Bahru

from morning until evening.

tells the truth that he only

gain RM220 every month.

The family shocked

because Muthu only get a

peon pay.

5. RESOLUTION

Malar accepted Muthu

gratefully and still satisfied

because she success to

land a husband.

“Malar turned away. “I don’t

care,” she thought. “I don’t

care at all. After all, I’m

married. At last.”

5. RESOLUTION

Imam kissed Mariah’s hand

for a long time and thanks

to God for His gift.

“He came forward, took

Mariah's hand in his own

and kissed it fervently and

long, inhaling the heady

scent of Mariah's Tabu

perfume. The Imam

managed a hoarse "Thank

You, God, for Your

Bounty," before Mariah's

perfume completely

enveloped him and his

senses”.

PLOT : HOW TO HOOK A HUSBAND

EXPOSITION

Malar was asked by her parents

to look for a husband because

they cannot afford to pay the

dowry. In fact, Malar was 25

years old.

CLIMAX

Malar’s parents began to drop

hint to Muthu. Muthu agree to

married with impose certain

conditions. At the end they got

married.

FALLING ACTIONS

Muthu tells the truth that he only

gain RM220 every month. The

family shocked because Muthu only

get a peon pay.

RISING ACTION

Malar try the best to hook a

husband. Malar tries to tackles

Muthu whose they though work

as a bank manager. She

waiting for Muthu pass by the

gates and learn how to ride a

RESOLUTION

Malar don’t care about the job of his

husband. Instead she accepted

Muthu gratefully and still satisfied

because she success to land a

husband.

PLOT : MARIAH

EXPOSITION

Introduction of Mariah

Nasi seller

CLIMAX

Tuk Imam asked for his wife’s permission to marry Mariah.

FALLING ACTIONS

The wedding is organised.

Tuk Imam and Mariah were married.

RISING ACTION

Gossip by the villagers

(women)

Flashback of Tuk Imam’s

past.

RESOLUTION

Imam kissed Mariah’s hand for a long time and thanks to God for His gift.

CHARACTERS


Main character

Malar

Eldest sister in a family

– 25 years old

Loyal and obedient wife

Very proud of her

husband

Ambitious

Very determined to

hook a husband

Tall, and big women

she has an enormous

breast and hips

Other characters

Muthu

Muthu has a thick,

longish hair.

He is a tenant of the

back room

He is a humble man

and not too choosy

because he accepts

Malar even she has a

big size.

Main character

Mariah

A widow

- “mariah had been

married once, but her

husband had passed

away soon after”

Nasi belauk seller

- “mariah was a nasi

seller in molo, in fact the

nasi seller in molo”

Beautiful and flamboyant

Other characters

Tuk Imam

Head of the mosque

Pious

Respectable

Referent to solve problem.

Cik Yam

Perfect wife

Good cook

“Her (Cik Yam) culinary skills

were not her only attribute; her

housekeeping was also a

model to be followed by other

womenfolk in the village. One

Malar’s father

He is a pensioner.

“Father is a pensioner”.

He is the head of family

He like to praise people

“A good chap. So humble, so

modest. Difficult to find boys

like that, nowadays”.

Malar’s mother

She is a responsible

mother “The mother

had done everything

she could to enable her

( Malar) to meet boys”.

She is a motivator. She

become a motivator to

Malar for looking a

husband

“Grab whom you can and

don’t let go”.

could always call at the Imam’s

house at any time of the day,

guaranteed to be greeted by a

well-turned-out wife, hot

tepung and fragrant

surroundings.”

(pg 72-73)

Cikgu Nab

Gossip

Loves to find other’s fault

Hopeless cook

Jealous wife

Cik Gu Nab sent threatening

messages to Mariah

Cikgu Leh

Cik Gu Nab’s husband and

Tuk Imam’s friend

Represent Tuk Imam in asking

Mariah’s hand for marriage

THEMES


1. Women’s hope

The possible theme of this

story is the women’s hope.

Malar was hope that she will

get a husband by dressed in

bright sarees and following her

mother to the temple and

wedding- houses but she still

do not has a husband. Malar

also hope that there is an

encourage response from

Muthu after she took herself

around her gate everyday at

5.45 p.m. But after two weeks,

Muthu did not give an

encourage response to her

and she gave up.

2. Causes of the custom of Indian

marriage

In the custom of Indian

marriage, a woman needs to

provide a dowry for men.

- “Forget Ceylonese

men, they won’t even

look at you without a

dowry”.

1. Female vs female

Widow is considered as

underclass which she

would be socially

oppressed

2. Sacrifice of a wife

The possible theme of

this story is the sacrifice

of a wife. This is because

the story is about a wife

was willing to have a co-

wife only for the

happiness of her

husband.

3. Life can be hard and be ready

to face it

Cik Yam faced a problem

that disappointed her

heart because her

husband want to marry

another women and Cik

Yam firstly cannot accept

the fact but after she is

calm, she faced the

problem positively by

accepting her husband

request.

SETTINGS


1. PLACE

Resident neighborhood:

Malar’s house is two doors

to the left from the old

pensioner house which is

Muthu have rent a room.

Every day, Malar learns to

ride a bike along ground

and try to tackle Muthu

Market, wedding houses

and temples. : Malar

always went marketing

daily, went to temple every

Friday and attended every

wedding in town for hook a

husband.

Clinic: Mangales work as a

nurse at a clinic.

Cameron Highland: Muthu

and Malar went a

honeymoon at Cameron

Highland.

Pensioner’s house: Muthu

has rented a back room in

the house.

Hall: Malar and Muthu

would be left practically

alone in the hall after

dinner. Besides, the truth

about Muthu’s job is

1. PLACE

small village town in Molo

where Mariah sell the nasi

- “Mariah was a nasi seller in

Molo”.

PATTANI, SOUTHERN

THAILAND

- (Flashback) “ the Imam

became transported to

another time, his

youth….”

- The place where Tuk

Imam studied be an

Imam

- “When the Imam was a

young man of fifteen his

father had voiced his

wish for his son to be

sent to Pattani in

Southern Thailand to

learn under a tutelage of

a well known Sheikh.

Mosque where Imam is

having the prayer

- “He left the table, took

his ablutions and quickly

went to the mosque”.

Cik Yam's house where Cik

Gu Nab came to gossip.

exposed in the hall. Cik Yam and Imam’s

Bedroom

- “ Cik Yam threw the

tudung saji on the

floor, narrowly missing

the Imam’s foot, then

ran sobbing to their

bedroom”.

2. TIME

Evening : every evening,

Malar will draping herself

around gate to waiting

Muthu back from work.

Sunday Night: Muthu

attend dinner at malar’s

house every Sunday night.

After dinner: After dinner,

Malar and Muthu would be

left practically alone in the

hall and the truth about

Muthu’s job is exposed.

2. TIME

Morning :

- “In that particular

morning, the Imam was

with the men, falling on

Mariah’s nasi belauk with

much relish”.

Lunch time

- “Is lunch ready,

Yam?”Asked the Imam.

Thursday night when the

Imam asked for his wife

permission to take Mariah

as a second wife.

3. SOCIAL CONDITION

A poor family with five

daughter which is requires

to hook a husband by

themselves because their

father not afford to pay the

dowry.

3. SOCIAL CONDITION

Malay family and village

society are the social

condition for this short story

MORAL VALUES


1. Don’t judge a book by its cover.

Malar thought that Muthu

work as a bank manager

because she always saw

Muthu bring the briefcase

and dressing smartly.

2. We must have determination to

achieve what we want.

Malar did not give up easily

hooking a husband.

3. We have to honest to the others

We have to be honest to

other people although we

have a weakness. The

people will also know at last

when the secret is

exposed.

4. Accepting the truth

Eventhough Malar knew

that her husband just a

peon in bank, but she loves

her husband very much.

1. Not talk other people matter

especially slandering.

Cik Gu Nab said that

Mariah put “something” in

her nasi.

2. Willing to sacrifice for the lover.

Cik Yam was willing to

sacrifice to have a co-wife

for her husband happiness.

3. Become honest people

Tuk Imam told the truth to

his wife about his old love

on Sheikh’s daughter.

4. Respect the others

Imam was respect to his

first wife by asking her

permission before getting

married with Mariah.

TASK 2

I like the short story “Mariah” because this story has a very interesting plot.

The plot is very strong and makes me clearly understand about what is this story is

about. Briefly, it makes this story meaningful for those men who want to marry more

than once. The event in this story has taught me many good values. For example, as

a human, we should not talk bad about others people. In this short story, Cik Gu Nab

said that Mariah put “something” in her nasi. She slandering Mariah about something

that Mariah didn’t do. in fact, she didn’t even know either the story she makes is true

or not.

Besides that, I also impressed with the attitude shown by Cik Yam. Cik Yam is

a very good wife to Tuk Imam. She obeys her husband very much and carries out

her responsibility very well. The most major thing that she does is allow her husband

to marry with Mariah. She is willing to sacrifices her love for her husband happiness.

Tuk Imam also is a very honest people. He told Cik Yam about his old love story. I

also learned that we have to be honest in all condition. Then he respects his wife. He

ask his wife permission to marry with Mariah.

On top of that, the moral value of faithful to the religion also found in this story.

Imam was faithful in prayer. He punctual in his prayers. As a Muslim, I learned that

the responsibility to the religious is the most priorities. Cik Yam also will be rewarded

from God for the good deeds. As example, she being obey to her husband and the

most important thing, she allow her husband to marry once again. In Islam, the wife

that allows her husband to marry more than one will be given good reward. Finally,

for the man who married more than once, he must be fair to his wifes.

REFLECTIONS

First and foremost, thank to God because with his blessing, I had successfully

completed the short coursework that had been given to me and entire classmate.

Many thanks to Pn Seethradevi A/P K. Krishnasamy, our lecturer because has

guided me to complete my coursework. I would like to say many thanks to my

friends, who had give the cooperation on completing this coursework.

To complete this coursework, at first, I have to read two short stories given

that are How to Hook a Husband and Mariah. These two short stories are not so long

and I didn’t have a problem completing reading them. In fact, these two short stories

are not so bored and very interesting to read on. After I have finished reading them, I

have to analyse about the elements contain in the short stories. I have to compare

and contrast the plot, characters, settings, theme and moral values.

To complete this task, I have to recall what I have learnt about the elements in

short stories. So I make a reference about it on the internet. Then I can understand

clearly about them. To understand this two short stories are not hard for me because

the language used are not so hard to understand. But, it took me for second reading

to clearly understand the whole stories.

There are many moral values that I get from these two short stories. For

example, we have to be honest to the others. This moral value are contain in two

short stories. Besides, there are many moral values in these two short stories but

these moral values did not contain in both short stories. The moral values stated are

ready to sacrifice our love, not slandering others people, accepting the truth and

determination in life. This moral value are very important to us as a human. I should

use this moral value in my daily life.

Prepared by,

AMRI BIN ZAKARIA

(SN/PJ/BM)

SHORT STORY ELEMENTS

SETTING -- The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting. For some stories the setting is very important, while for others it is not. There are several aspects of a story's setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story):

a) place - geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place? b) time - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc) c) weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc? d) social conditions - What is the daily life of the characters like? Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)? e) mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?

PLOT -- The plot is how the author arranges events to develop his basic idea; It is the sequence of events in a story or play. The plot is a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting. There are five essential parts of plot:

a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed.

b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax).

c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?

d) Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement).

e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.

It is helpful to consider climax as a three-fold phenomenon: 1) the main character receives new information 2) accepts this information (realizes it but does not necessarily agree with it) 3) acts on this information (makes a choice that will determine whether or not he/she gains his objective).

CONFLICT-- Conflict is essential to plot. Without conflict there is no plot. It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move. Conflict is not merely limited to open arguments, rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character. Within a short story there may be only one central struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle with many minor ones.

There are two types of conflict : 1) External - A struggle with a force outside one's self.

2) Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.

There are four kinds of conflict : 1) Man vs. Man (physical) - The leading character struggles with his physical strength against other men, forces of nature, or animals.

2) Man vs. Circumstances (classical) - The leading character struggles against fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her.

3) Man vs. Society (social) - The leading character struggles against ideas, practices, or customs of other people.

4) Man vs. Himself/Herself (psychological) - The leading character struggles with himself/herself; with his/her own soul, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, choices, etc.

CHARACTER -- There are two meanings for the word character: 1) The person in a work of fiction. 2) The characteristics of a person.

Persons in a work of fiction - Antagonist and Protagonist Short stories use few characters. One character is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character -

he/she is the PROTAGONIST. The opposer of the main character is called the ANTAGONIST.

The Characteristics of a Person - In order for a story to seem real to the reader its characters must seem real. Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves. The author may reveal a character in several ways: a) his/her physical appearance b) what he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams c) what he/she does or does not do d) what others say about him/her and how others react to him/her

Characters are convincing if they are: consistent, motivated, and life-like (resemble real people)

Characters are... 1. Individual - round, many sided and complex personalities. 2. Developing - dynamic, many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story. 3. Static - Stereotype, have one or two characteristics that never change and are emphasized e.g. brilliant detective, drunk, scrooge, cruel stepmother, etc.

POINT OF VIEW

Point of view, or p.o.v., is defined as the angle from which the story is told.

1. Innocent Eye - The story is told through the eyes of a child (his/her judgment being different from that of an adult) .

2. Stream of Consciousness - The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions.

3. First Person - The story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist or other characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc). The reader sees the story through this person's eyes as he/she experiences it and only knows what he/she knows or feels.

4. Omniscient- The author can narrate the story using the omniscient point of view. He can move from character to character, event to event, having free access to the thoughts, feelings and motivations of his

characters and he introduces information where and when he chooses. There are two main types of omniscient point of view:

a) Omniscient Limited - The author tells the story in third person (using pronouns they, she, he, it, etc). We know only what the character knows and what the author allows him/her to tell us. We can see the thoughts and feelings of characters if the author chooses to reveal them to us.

b) Omniscient Objective – The author tells the story in the third person. It appears as though a camera is following the characters, going anywhere, and recording only what is seen and heard. There is no comment on the characters or their thoughts. No interpretations are offered. The reader is placed in the position of spectator without the author there to explain. The reader has to interpret events on his own.

THEME -- The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature. The title of the short story usually points to what the writer is saying and he may use various figures of speech to emphasize his theme, such as: symbol, allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or irony.

Some simple examples of common themes from literature, TV, and film are: - things are not always as they appear to be - Love is blind - Believe in yourself - People are afraid of change- Don't judge a book by its cover

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