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Kentucky Transportation CabinetUnmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Program
How State DOTs are using Unmanned Aerial Systems WebinarApril 6, 2016
Jason J. Siwula, PEInnovation Engineer – Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
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KYTC Mission
To provide a safe, efficient, environmentally sound and fiscally responsible transportation system that delivers economic opportunity and enhances the quality of life in Kentucky.
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How to legally fly – FAA Approved Operations:
1. Public (Governmental)2. Civil (Private Companies)3. Model Aircraft (Hobbyists)
Public Agencies can apply for a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) for each location they fly and/or apply for a “Section 333 Exemption”
Private Companies must use the 333 Exemption
Hobbyists can fly but cannot make money from UAS activities
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2012 Congress – permit commercial UAS by November 2015
In the meantime there are two methods for State DOTs to fly:
1. Public COA (Public only)Attorney General must certify the agency is publicApply for a COA online for each flight, location, timeOperator can be exempted from pilots licenseNOTAM required
2. Section 333 Exemption (Civil or Public) - Submitted by KYTC 6/2/15, approved 11/2/15
Fly anytime without waiting on a COABlanket COA
< 400’ Altitude, > 2-5 miles from airports (depending on airport)Operator must have a pilot’s licenseNOTAM required
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KYTC Aircraft1550 mm Flying Wing 680 mm quadrotor
All aircraft carry the Sony QX1 with 16mm pancake lens
Quadrotor - $1,940
Aircraft - $1,436
(Cost includes camera)
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Potential Applications within the Transportation Cabinet
• Surveying• Design - Digital Terrain Models• Construction Monitoring• As-Built Plans• Structure Inspections• Stockpile Volume Measurement• Crash Scene Management and Clearing• GIS• Archeology• Public Meetings
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Surveying – Proof of Concept
• Low risk proof of concept
• Quick Win
• Simpler than flying near a bridge structure
• Safer than flying over a crash scene
• Our statewide survey coordinator is a private pilot (currently an FAA Requirement for UAS operations)
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How to survey with a UAS – a 5 minute overview
In this amount of time a UAS can survey 10 acres
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Place ground control markers - 9” x 12” chevron. Coordinates are captured later
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Define area to photograph
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Define flight lines and image interval
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(or similar software)
Ground Control Coordinates X,Y,Z (Identifying each GCP in at least 3 photos is the only manual processing step
Image processing software is the catalyst for Unmanned Aircraft survey operations
Overlapping images
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After a few hours of processing you have a 3D color point cloud, DTM and mesh
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and contours…
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and a georeferenced .TIF image!
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2012 1 Meter resolution
UAS 1.3” Resolution
Resolution comparison
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KY_KYAPED_Franklin_2012 6 Inch Resolution UAS 1 Inch Resolution
UAS imagery is superior to conventional aerial photographyCamera is closer to subject, less affected by atmospheric hazeShort focal lengths are less affected by vibration
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UAS vs LIDAR vs Ground Survey
Grass strip 2KY8 (Seldom Scene)
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Unmanned Aircraft can introduce new efficiencies in surveyingFor about 10 acres:
Surveying with a UAS 2 people, 10 minute flight, 2 hours on site1 hour GCP placement (manual process)2-6 hour processing (unattended)
Conventional Surveying 2 People, 3 weeks on site needed to capturesimilar detail to the UAS point cloud
Interim progress surveys and as-built plans can now be easily obtained
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Challenges and Takeaways
• Messaging• Safety is critical.
• “Tools not toys” – UAS operations at the Cabinet are for official use only and must be used according to policies and procedures.
• There is a lot of demand for UAS solutions. Prioritization is a must.
• Be aware of state legislation. The Kentucky General Assembly had five bills relating to UAS sponsored during the 2016 session some of which (if passed) would possibly restrict State DOT UAS operations
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Future Directions
• Recently the FAA stated that the “small rule” may be out in July of 2016. While this will be a significant step forward for the ability to use UAS it will also present some programmatic challenges.
• Standardization of Equipment
• Training / Certification for Employees• Public Safety
• Operations of UAS• Regulations
• Flight
• Authorized Uses
• Public Outreach
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For Additional Information…
Jason J. Siwula, PEInnovation EngineerKentucky Transportation CabinetState Highway Engineer’s [email protected]