kemper arena roof collapse
TRANSCRIPT
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Learning from
FailuresKemper Arena Roof Collapse
GROUP M-3
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Kemper Arena
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Location : Kansas City, USA
Opened : September 30, 1974
Original seating capacity: 17000
Cost : $23 million ($108 in 2012rates)
Architect !erman ar"#ite"t, elm%t#&a#n
Roof Area 'early 3 A"res
History at a Glance
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Design Summary
The Kemper Arenas large flat roof was suspended onhangers from 3 large spae frame ant!le"er trusses#
These trusses$ eah %' m w!de$ were spaed 3( m apart$
and were made from p!pe set!ons as large as %#) m !n
d!ameter
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*ah of the +) hangers support!ng the roof arr!ed &)) ,
!n tens!on#
The hangers used$ AS! A"#$ high strength %olts wh!h
are not reommended for "ar!a.le or fat!gue loads#
The roof was des!gned to hold water as a temporar/
reser"o!r# The roof onl/ had e!ght %3( mm d!ameter dra!ns#
The loal ode atuall/ re0u!red e!ght t!mes as man/#
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Collapse
1ate : 2une +th$ %4
a se"ere w!nd of 4( mph#
%(5 mm of ra!n per hour
6ortunatel/$ at the t!me of ollapse$ 4:%( P#M#$ the %4$&((-seat arena was
oup!ed ./ onl/ two ma!ntenane personnel 7 no one was !n8ured#
One of the arena emplo/ees present heard strange no!ses$ followed ./
e9plos!"e .angs#
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A port!on of the roof$ appro9!matel/ &( ./ &' m ollapsed !nto
the arena#
The pressure wa"e from the fall!ng roof segment .lew out
some of the arena walls#
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&' A"#$ High Strength (olts
A+( !gh ;trength
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The onnet!ons were est!mated to see )+$((( os!llat!ons
Therefore$ the ma9!mum .olt stress des!gn ould ha"e .een
!nterpreted as + ,s!#
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One $ one hanger onnet!on fa!led theload was d!str!.uted to ad8aent hangers#
These hangers ould not ta,e theadd!t!onal load
A ha!n effet started aus!ng a largeset!on of the roof to fall !n#
,' Lac- of Redundancy in Roof Design
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angers =+) !n total> transfer the ent!re roof loadto the 3 large spae frames#
"' .ea-ened Hangers
O"erall "!ew of the roof strutural s/stem#
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.olts !n"ol"ed e9per!ened fat!gue$ and thetens!on loads the/ were des!gned to ta,e$
were no longer met#
e9treme amount of os!llat!ons$ o"er t!me$an ause fat!gue !n steel elements 7 wea,en
them#
hangers e9per!ened man/ os!llat!ons =a.out)+ (((>
1es!gn tens!on fore on a hanger - %) ,!ps#
=!nlud!ng dead$ ra!n$ mehan!al$ and l!"e loads
also hor!?ontal w!nd fores# >
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All of these design and construction
flaws most likely made some
contribution to the increased
fatigue in the hanger connection
bolts and ultimately the roof
collapse.
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Lessons Learned
;!gn!f!ane of Redundan/#
;!gn!f!ane of dra!nage of a roof#
Cons!der!ng om.!nat!ons of auses when des!gn!ng
for fa!lures#
*ng!neers should not rel/ solel/ on omputer
anal/s!s programs#
@mportane of m!nusule des!gn deta!ls#
*ffet!"e ommun!at!on#
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http:www#l!neree,loudmouth#om.log)(%)(+,emper-
arena-roof-ollapse#htmlB)(
http:www#l!neree,loudmouth#omf!les,emperarenaroofolla
pse-%4report#pdf
http:www#e9ponent#om,emperarena
http:matdl#orgfa!lureases
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HA1K 2O/