kelso abbey timeline - kelso connections abbey timeline.pdfwars of independence started 1290 abbot...
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12001100
1138David I intervened in the civil war in England - defeated at the Battle of the Standard
Stephen1135-1154
David I1124-1153
1128Monks moved to Kelso just across the river from David’s Royal Burgh of RoxburghAlexander I
1107-1124
1113Prince David, Earl of Cumbria brought monks from Tiron to Selkirk
1124David succeeded his brother Alexander as King of Scotland
Henry I1100-1135
1153David succeeded by hisgrandson Malcolm IV who soon after confirmed theabbey’s charter
Henry II1154-1189
William I “the Lion”1165-1214
1152David’s only son Henry buriedbefore high altar of Kelso Abbey
Malcolm IV1153-1165
1178Arbroath Abbey founded by monks from Kelso
1191Abbey of Lindores founded by monks from Kelso
1175William the Lion, captured in battle did homage to Henry II - later bought it back from Richard I
C 1170Abbot John travelled to Rome and was awarded rightof abbots to wear mitre
Richard I“Lion Heart”1189-1199
John1199-1216
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
13001200
1243David de Bernham Bishop of St Andrews dedicated the recently completed Abbey church
John Balliol1292-1296
1296Edward I’s invasion - staying at Roxburgh, took homage of Abbot Richard and many others
1214Abbot Henry attended General Church Council in Rome
1215King John of Englandsigned the Magna Carta
Henry III1216-1272
Alexander III1249-1286
1263Battle of Largs recovered Hebridesfor Scotland
1295King John signed alliance with France against England - the “Auld Alliance”
1296Edward I invaded Scotland -Wars of Independence started
1290Abbot Richard of Kelsosupported claim of John Balliol to Scottish throne
1286Accidental deathof Alexander III
Alexander II1214-1249
1221Marriage of Alexander II to sister of Henry III of England at Roxburgh marked by banquet at Abbey
1237Treaty of York broadly settled borderline between Scotland and England
1255Henry III at Roxburgh - royal procession to Kelso Abbey
1290Death of Margaret Maid of Norway - thirteen peopleclaimed the throne
Edward I1272-1307
Margaret the “Maid of Norway”1286-1290
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
14001300
Edward II1307-1327
1377Scots attacked and burned town of Roxburgh
1328Treaty of Edinburgh/Northampton recognised Robert the Bruce king
1355“Burnt Candlemas” -Edward III’s army devastated southern Scotland
Edward III1327-1377
1313James Douglas capturedRoxburgh Castle from Englishfor King Robert Bruce
David II1329-1371
1344Charter of David II allowedmonks to cut timber in royalforests to repair Abbey
1346David II taken prisoner atbattle of Neville’s Cross
1348-50Black Death spread fromEngland to Scotland withdevastating effects
Robert II1371-1390
Robert I“the Bruce”1306-1329
1314Battle of Bannockburn
C 1316Report that damage caused by the wars had reduced Kelso’s monks to begging
1320Declaration of Arbroath for Scottish independence
1334Renewed war with England -Roxburgh again in Englishhands - David II sent to France for safety with his tutor Abbot William de Dalgarnock of Kelso
1366Letter of protection for Kelso Abbey from Edward III
Richard II1377-1399
Robert III1390-1406
Henry IV1399-1413
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
15001400
Henry VI1422 - murdered 1471
1455Start of the Wars of the Roses between the Yorkists andLancastrians
Henry VII Tudor1485-1509
1402Scots defeatedby English atHomildon Hill
James I1406-1437
Henry V1413-1422
1417The “Foul Raid” - failed attempt by Scots to recapture Roxburgh andBerwick
James II1437-1460
1468Scotland acquired Orkney and Shetland from Norway
Richard III1483-1485
1485Battle of Bosworth ended the Warsof the Roses
1490War - Henry VII granted letterof protection to Kelso Abbey
1415Henry V won the battle of Agincourtin France
1436James I’sunsuccessfulsiege of Roxburgh Castle
1460James II laying siege to RoxburghCastle killed by explosion of his own cannon - James III aged eight crowned King at Kelso Abbey - Roxburgh captured by Scots
James III1460-1488
Edward IV1461-70 & 1471-83
James IV1488-1513
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
16001500 James V1513-1542
Elizabeth1558-1603
1567Queen Mary defeated and forced to abdicate - laterfled to England
1503Marriageof MargaretTudor toJames IV
Henry VIII1509-1547
1513James IV defeated and killed with 10,000 Scots at Battle of Flodden
1513In confusion following Flodden Ker of Ferniehurst forcibly installed his brother as Abbot of Kelso
1517John Duncan cleric of Glasgowwrote his report on the Abbey
1523English under Lord Dacre sacked town and Abbey of Kelso
1534Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholic Church - England became Protestant
1536James Stewart illegitimate son of James V made Commendator of Kelso Abbey
1545The “Rough Wooing” - English under Hertford besieged and captured Kelso Abbey which was then mostly destroyed with gunpowder
Mary1553-1558
1548Mary Queen of Scots sent to France for safety
1542James V’s army defeated atSolway Moss
1561Queen Mary returnedfrom France
1587Mary executed for conspiringagainst Queen Elizabeth
Mary Queen of Scots1542-1567
1542English forces burned Roxburghand Kelso
1544-45The “Rough Wooing” - Hertford’s invasions devastated southernScotland
Edward VI1547-1553
1559-60Protestantism established in Scotland - mob attacked abbeydestroying images and altars -West end of Abbey converted touse as Protestant parish church
1560Reformation Parliamentestablished Protestant religion in Scotland
1587“The haill monkis of the abbay of Kelso ar decessit”
James VI1567-1625
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
17001600
1603Union of the Crowns
1602Robert Ker of Cessford to whom James VI gave lands of Kelso Abbey created Lord Roxburgh
James VI of Scotland andI of England1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
1637Scots signed National Covenant againstCharles I’s changes tothe Scottish church
1639Covenanting army of General Leslie used Abbey as barracks
1649Repairs to west end of Abbey used as parish church
1649Charles I executedby EnglishParliamentarians after Civil War
Charles II1660-1685
1660Charles II restored to the throne
1668Grammar School built withinruins of Abbey
James II & VII1685-1688
1688James II and VII driven outduring “Glorious Revolution”
William & Mary1688-1702
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
18001700
Anne1702-1714
1707Treaty of Union united Scottish and English Parliaments
George I1714-1727
George II1727-1760
1715First Jacobite Rebellion
1715Jacobite army held service inAbbey - James the Old Pretender declared rightful king
1745Bonnie Prince Charlie ledSecond Jacobite rebellion but defeated at Culloden 1746
1770Fall of masonry from roof led to fears of church’s collapse
1771-73New parish church built in graveyard - Abbey churchabandoned
George III1760-1820
C 1780New Grammar School built - attended 1783 by Walter Scott
1789Start of French Revolution
1793-1815Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warswith France
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
19001800
1870/72Education Act brought education for all
1805Duke of Roxburgh beganclearing of abbey and repairs to main structures - used for family burials
George IV1820-1830
1832First Parliamentary Reform Act
Victoria1837-1901
1854-56Crimean War
William IV1830-1837
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs
20001900
Edward VII1901-1911
George V1911-1936
1914Start of First World War
1919Abbey ruinscame into careof Ministry of Works [Historic Scotland]
1932-33Memorial Cloister for Roxburghe family burial built - architectRobert Fairlie
Edward VIII1936
George VI1936-1952
1939Start of Second World War
1948National Health Service started
Elizabeth1952-
1999Devolution Act restored theScottish Parliament
2013Kelso Abbey 900
Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy
Scottish Monarchy
English Monarchy
Historical Events
Kelso and the Environs