KELAS CHONDRICHTHYESThe Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fishes are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nostrils, scales, two-chambered hearts, and skeletons made of cartilage. 1.Subclass Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays)2. Subclass Holocephali (chimaera)

Ciri karakteristik CHONDRICHTHYESRangka dari tulang rawanSisik berupa denticula, tipe placoidMempunyai sepasang lubang hidung letak di bawah ujung moncongCelah insang 5-7 psMulut di ventral kepala, gigi beremailTerdapat spirakulum di anterior kepalaSirip berpasangan, sirip ekor kuatSex terpisah, fertilisasi internalJantan mempunyai clasperEx : hiu dan pari

Subclass ElasmobranchiiSuperorder Batoidea (rays) containing the orders: Rajiformes (common rays) Torpediniformes (electric rays) Superorder Selachimorpha (sharks), containing the orders: Hexanchiformes. Squaliformes. Pristiophoriformes. SquatiniformesCarchariniformesLamniformesHeterodontiformes

1.Subclass ElasmobranchiiCiri karakteristik:Jumlah insang dan celah insang 5-7 psSpirakel di depan celah insangSisik tipe plakoid atau tak bersisikAda kloakaJantan memiliki klasperMulut di bag ventralSirip ekor asimetris (heteroserkal)Sirip kaku terdiri atas zat tanduk

LamniformesLamniformes is an order of sharks. It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the Great White Shark, and some extremely rare types, such as the Megamouth Shark. Characteristics of the order include: two dorsal fins, an anal fin, five gill slits, eyes without nictitating membrane, and mouth extending behind the eyes. GREAT WHITE SHARK Carcharodon carcharias

Carcharodon carcharias

klasifikasiKingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Chondrichthyes Order:Lamniformes Berg, 1958FamiliesOdontaspididae (sand tigers) Mitsukurinidae (goblin shark) Pseudocarchariidae (crocodile shark) Megachasmidae (megamouth shark) Alopiidae (thresher sharks) Cetorhinidae (basking shark) Lamnidae (mackerel sharks)

DESKRIPSIThe great white shark is a streamlined swimmer and a ferocious predator with 3,000 teeth at any one time. This much-feared fish has a torpedo-shaped body, a pointed snout, a crescent-shaped tail, 5 gill slits, no fin spines, an anal fin, and 3 main fins: the dorsal fin (on its back) and 2 pectoral fins (on its sides). When the shark is near the surface, the dorsal fin and part of the tail are visible above the water

Rajiformes(hypotremata)Celah insang sisi ventral kepala (hypo=bawah, trema=celah)Tepi anterior sirip dada melebar pada bag samping kepala (spt sayap=discus)Aetobatus narinari (spotted eagle ray)

klasifikasiKingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Chondrichthyes Subclass:Elasmobranchii Superorder:Batoidea Order:Rajiformes FamiliesAnacanthobatidae Dasyatidae Gymnuridae Hexatrygonidae Myliobatidae Plesiobatidae Potamotrygonidae Rajidae Rhinobatidae Urolophidae

Ordo Rajiformes

Anacanthobatidae (smooth skates) Dasyatidae (stingrays). Named for the venomous spines along the tail; these contain a poison that causes pain and may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, muscle cramps, tremors, paralysis, fainting, seizures, elevated heart rate, and decreased blood pressure (depending on the species). In addition, some species' toxins can be fatal to humans. Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingrays) Myliobatidae (eagle rays). The largest of rays, including the giant manta rays. Most eagle rays have one poison-carrying spine. Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingrays) Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays) Rajidae (skates) Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes). They have a body structure similar that of the sawfishes, but are not thought to be closely related. Urolophidae (round rays)

Morfologi Raja clavata

2.Subclass Holocephali (chimaera)

Celah insang 1 ps letak sisi lateral kepalaTak ada spirakelTak ada sisikTidak berkloakaIkan jantan ada clasper (tenakulum) di depan sirip perut kecuali genus chimaera terletak di kepala bag depanTepi anterior sirip dada tidak melebar pada bagian samping kepalaContoh : Chimaera montrosa

Chimaera montrosa