keith g jeffery director, it & international strategy architecture utilising it research to meet...

Keith G Jeffery

Director, IT & International Strategy

ARCHITECTURE

Utilising IT Research to Meet the Requirement for

a CRIS

© Keith G Jeffery

Director, IT & International Strategy2euroCRIS Seminar 200609

Structure

• Requirement

• Relevant IT Research

• Synthesis

© Keith G Jeffery


The Requirement

• Information– Accurate, homogeneous, relevant, complete

• Availability– Anyhow, anyplace, anytime (Pervasive,

ambient)– Integral retrieval, processing, presentation

• Ease of use– Intuitive– Flexible, dynamic– Variously-abled

© Keith G Jeffery


The Requirement

everyone can agree these desirable requirements….

BUT NO EXISTING SYSTEMS MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS

Motherhood and

Apple pie

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Information: Accurate

• Requires input validation– Implies structured data

and constraint (logic) processing

• Requires context – relationship to other information

• Requires provenance; from whence obtained

• Requires temporal labelling (data values or relationships valid today may not be tomorrow)

Stored dataitem

Initial data

constraint

relationshipsprovenance

Temporal

relevance

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Information: Homogeneous

• End user wishes to have information consistent in format & quality to allow processing (e.g. statistics)

• Requires reconciliation of heterogeneous sources to homogeneous form– Schema matching (syntax,

semantics)– Conversion of the data– Clearly easier to convert all

sources to one canonical form (n not n*m)

– euroCRIS provides CERIF as that canonical form

CRIS1

CRIS2

CRIS3

CRIS4

Query convertor/dispatcher

CERIF

User CERIF-CRIS environment

Answer collector /convertor

user

query

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Information: Relevant

• Two components– Query expressing

accurately the user requirement

– Measure retrieved set against universe of interest

• Need– Advanced knowledge-

based assistance to query formulation and optimisation

– Advanced statistical / logical techniques to assess relevance of retrieved set compared with all information

query

Intelligent

interaction

Universe of

informationRetrieved

subset

Relevant

information

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Information: Complete

• End-user wants ALL (available) information relevant to the query (recall)

– Missing some information can distort results badly

– Especially if statistical processing of modelling / simulation

The vital information may be in the ‘missing slice’

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Availability: Any*

– Anyhow, anyplace, anytime (pervasive, ambient)

– Continuous network availability• Effective, efficient (fast and cost-

effective)• Appropriate security• Actual carrier technology hidden

(GSM, GPRS, Wi-Max, LAN…)• Appropriate services (registration,

preferences, synchronisation…

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Availability: Integral

• Integral retrieval, processing, presentation– Various user interfaces (multimedia,

multimodal) expressed via:• Commands• Menus• Icons

– consistently– ‘chain of processing’ with options and

dynamic reconfiguration

commands menus icons

Consistent commands

Chain of processing

Some parallel

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Ease of Use: Intuitive

• User interface is as the user expects– Consistent syntax and semantics

• Whether textual, graphical, audio or haptic

– Feedback to assist / guide user• Warnings• Suggestions• But configurable by user (from much

to no feedback)

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Ease of Use: Flexible and Dynamic

• With user requirement changes– Change of query– Additional sub-query– Different processing

• With quality of information– Supply metadata and warnings / advice– Adjust processing

• With availability of information (alerts)– Offer of additional or changed information

query

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirement: Ease of Use: Variously-Abled

• Inclusive: any user

• With individual abilities

– Disabled

– Temporarily disabled e.g. driving car

• Or preferences in how to interact with the system

• W3C WAIS standard

© Keith G Jeffery


Requirements: Synthesis

From user frustration

To easy utilisation of systems assisted by intelligence

© Keith G Jeffery


Structure

• Requirement


• Synthesis

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research

• Data, information and knowledge– Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory

• Query– Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory,

domain ontologies• User interface

– Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory, domain ontologies, cognitive psychology

• Overall– GRIDs and ambient ICT

• Implying invisible, usable, self* resources

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Validation

• Objective: to have the data as accurate as possible

• Any new piece of data– Is it in correct form and type (schema)– Is its value ‘reasonable’

• Within range• Exists in a controlled list

– Is its value ‘reasonable’ compared with values of other data elements• If gender = M, retirement age >=65

– ~ 23 different kinds of constraints to be applied

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Validation

• Use of logic processing (constraints)

– demands structured information

• Use of temporal logic (for temporal relevance)


• Use of semantic relations (temporal, role) for provenance


© Keith G Jeffery


NoteAll this

requires accuratestructured

data

Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Query

• Objective: the query reflects exactly the user intent ‘what I mean not what I say’

• Any query– Uses correct entity / attribute names

(schema)– Uses ‘reasonable’ values

• Requires knowledge-based assist– Domain ontology / ontologies– Inference engine

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research: Availability: Networking

• Continuously improving availability of wireless networking– Seamless within one carrier technology– Seamless across carrier technologies

• Security– Identification / authentication of user

• Single sign on, biometrics– Authorisation of user

• trust– Encryption of message

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research: Availability: Devices

• Handheld PC now becoming common

• Cheaper, faster processor, larger storage, lighter, more capability

– PC, phone, entertainment (audio, video)

– Move to nanotechnologies, bio-inspired computing, cognitive technologies etc

• Leads to new modes of working (link to next section)

© Keith G Jeffery


Relevant IT Research: Ease of Use: Human Factors / Interaction

• Use power of device and intelligence of system to interact more meaningfully with user (and between users)

• Cognitive psychology

• Dialogue structure (whether textual, graphical etc)

• Gesture / haptic

© Keith G Jeffery


And we should intercept the future

• Beyond the Horizon• See brochure (!)

• “Foreseeing beyond the horizon — for technology and business opportunities — is any Director's strategic responsibility. Engaging in future emerging technology research will create services supported by skilled staff for deployment within (1) my own organisation performing leading edge R&D and (2) commercially in industry.”

• Keith G. Jeffery, Director IT, CCLRC, UK

© Keith G Jeffery


Structure

• Requirement


• Synthesis

© Keith G Jeffery


Synthesis

• The end-user requirement can only be satisfied by a well-designed architecture– The assumed substructure is a quality

network environment– The basis is quality structured information– Above is knowledge-assisted query

processing to assist the end-user• Including push technology

– At the top is a flexible, dynamic user interface

© Keith G Jeffery


The GRIDs Architecture

Knowledge Layer

Information Layer

Computation / Data LayerDat

a to

Kno

wle

dge

Control

© Keith G Jeffery


Synthesis

• The GRIDs environment supplies the architecture– Invisible infrastructure (network,

processors, storage)– Knowledge-based technology as

services• SOKU: service-oriented knowledge

utility– Open and flexible to new devices,

services, resources

© Keith G Jeffery


A POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURE

U:USER

S:SOURCE R:RESOURCE

Rm:ResourceMetadata

Ra:ResourceAgent

Ua:User Agent

Um:User Metadata

Sm:SourceMetadata

Sa:Source Agent brokers

The GRIDs Environment

© Keith G Jeffery


Overall : The Way Forward

SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge

CRIS

Management of Research

© Keith G Jeffery


PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge


Digital Curation Facility

SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

CRIS

Management of Research

(CERIF)

Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface

© Keith G Jeffery




SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge metadata


© Keith G Jeffery




SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge metadata

publish

validate


© Keith G Jeffery




SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge metadata

publish

validate

GRIDs


Ambient, Pervasive Access

© Keith G Jeffery





SCIENTIFIC DATASETS

Data

Information

Knowledge

PUBLICATIONS

Data

Information

Knowledge metadata

publish

validate

GRIDs


© Keith G Jeffery


Three Steps to Nirvana

Complete Process ICT Support

Metadata and Data Exchange Standards

Workflow on the GRIDs Surface

The Perfect CRIS

© Keith G Jeffery


Contact

Prof Keith G Jeffery

Director IT and International Strategy

CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

[email protected]

President euroCRIS www.eurocris.org

President ERCIM www.ercim.org

keith g jeffery director, it & international strategy architecture utilising it research to meet...

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