keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. albert einstein illustration: the meshing of words...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler.
Albert Einstein
Illustration:The Meshing of Words With Images
X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin, 1952]
![Page 2: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table 1. Reactor power levels in Chernobyl accident [Wolfson, 1991].
Date Time Power Level
4/25 1:00 am 3200 MW
4/25 2:00 pm 1600 MW
4/25 11:10 pm 1600 MW
4/26 1:00 am 30 MW
4/26 1:19 am 200 MW
4/26 1:23 am 2,000,000 MWFigure 1. Simplified diagram of nuclear reactor [Wolfson, 1991].
CoolantLoss Reactor
Vessel
Core
Pressurizer
SteamGenerator
Two types of illustrations exist: tables and figures
![Page 3: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Table 2. Sequence of events in the Chernobyl accident [Wolfson, 1991].
April 25
April 25
April 25
April 26
April 26
April 26
Date Time Power Level Event
1:00 a.m.
2:00 p.m.
11:10 p.m.
1:00 a.m.
1:19 a.m.
1:23 a.m.
3200 MW
1600 MW
1600 MW
30 MW
200 MW
2,000,000 MW
Operators begin power descent
Power descent delayed for 9 hoursEmergency core-cooling system disconnected
Operators switch off automatic controlPower descent resumed
Power minimum reached
Operators pull rods beyond allowable limitsOperators start two additional coolant pumpsOperators violate coolant flow limits
Power surges by factor of 10,000 in 5 seconds
Tables can present words as well as numbers
![Page 4: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
When presenting numerical data, youchoose between tables and graphs
Time(hour)
midnight2:004:006:008:00
10:00noon2:004:006:008:00
10:00
Normal(mg/dl*)
100.393.688.2
100.5138.6102.4
93.8132.3103.8
93.6127.8109.2
Diabetic(mg/dl)
175.8165.7159.4
72.1271.0224.6161.8242.7219.4152.6227.1221.3
Table 2. Blood glucose levels [Carlson, 1982].
* decaliters/milligram
Figure 11. Blood glucose levels for normal individual and diabetic [Carlson, 1982].
Hour
12:00 6:00 am 12:00 6:00 pm 12:00
BloodGlucoseLevel(mg/dl)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
BreakfastLunch Dinner
Normal
Diabetic
![Page 5: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Temperature(K)
Distance From Burner (mm)
Figure 3. Computational and experimental temperatures for laminar diffusion flames [Sandia, 1987].
ExperimentSimulation
2000
1500
1000
500
00 2 4 6 8 10
Line graphs are common in engineering and science
![Page 6: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Figure 4. Response of T-cells in cosmonauts after short-term and long-term flights [Konstantinova, 1991].
Cells%
Flight Duration (Days)
10
20
30
7-10
112–175 211–366
Normal range
Bar graphs compare wholes
![Page 7: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Figure 5. Schedule for the construction, evaluation, and production phases of the Solar One Power Plant.
Task 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989
Construction
Test and Evaluation
Power Production
Gantt charts are a type of bar charts
![Page 8: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Industrial wastes(28%)
Medical and research wastes(16%)
Power reactor wastes(64%)
Power ReactorIndustrialMedicalGovernment
Government wastes(2%)
Figure 5. Volume of low-level nuclear wastes from various sources [League, 1985].
Pie graphs compare parts of a whole
![Page 9: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure 6. Estimated annual dose of radiation in the United States [GPU Nuclear, 1985].
Average dose: 160 mrem
NaturalSources
MedicalSources
85 mrem
70 mrem
{Fallout: < 3mremOccupational: < 1mremNuclear power: < 1mrem
Graphs come in many forms
![Page 10: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
When presenting images, you choose between photographs, drawings, and diagrams
Compressor
Combustor1
2 3
4
Turbine
![Page 11: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The main advantage of photographs is realism
Figure 2. Space Shuttle Challenger, from about 59 seconds to 60 seconds into launch (January 28, 1986). On the right rocket, flame first becomes visible and then impinges on tank.
59 seconds
59.5 seconds
60 seconds
![Page 12: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
One advantage of drawings is control of detail
Figure 5. Wind tunnel experiment at Virginia Tech for evaluating film-cooling designs for the blades of gas turbine engines [Thole and others, 2000].
SecondaryFlow
PrimaryFlow
SecondaryFlow
Turbine Vanes
Combustor Simulator
Dilution Jet
Film-Cooling Holes
![Page 13: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The main advantage of a diagram is the ability to show flow of a variable through a system
Figure 8. Schematic of test stand for evaluating components of an air conditioner design.
![Page 14: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Figure 5. Schematic of thermalstorage system.
RECEIVER
FLASHTANK
HPHTR
DEAR-ATOR
HOTWELL
TSSG
TURBINE
TSU
DSPH
TSH
FT
The thermal storage system stores heat in a huge, steel-walled tank. Steam from the solar receiver passes through heat exchangersto heat the thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity. A schematic of this system is shown in Figure 5.
Scientists and engineers often use illustrationsthat are too complex for the text
![Page 15: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The thermal storage system, shown in Figure 6, stores heat in a huge, steel-walled tank. Steam from the solar receiver heats a thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity.
Figure 6. Schematic of thermal storage system for the solar power plant.
steamgenerator
650°F 580°F
425°F435°F
solarreceiver
575°F
425°F
530°F
250°F
ThermalTank
HeatExchanger
HeatExchanger
The precision of the illustrationsshould reflect the precision of the text
![Page 16: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure 7. Title of figure. Some formats allow you extra
sentences to explain unusual details.
..., as shown in Figure 7.
For clarity, you should introduce andexplain illustrations in the text
![Page 17: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The testing hardware of the rocket shown in Figure 8 has five main components: camera, digitizer, computer, I/O interface, and mechanical interface. Commands are generated by the computer, then passed through the I/O interface to the mechanized interface where the keyboard of the ICU is operated. The display of the ICU is read with a television camera and then digitized. This information is then manipulated by the computer to direct the next command.
PRINTERCONTROLTERMINAL
COMPUTERDIGITIZER
CAMERA
ELECTRO-MECHANICALINTERFACE
ROCKET
Figure 8. Testing hardware.
Inconsistencies between text andimages disrupt fluidity
![Page 18: Keep it as simple as possible, yet no simpler. Albert Einstein Illustration: The Meshing of Words With Images X-ray photograph of DNA [Rosalind Franklin,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5519b43a5503466f578b470c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Our system for testing the launch controls of the rocket consists of four main parts: computer, electro-mechanical interface, camera, and digitizer. In this system (shown in Figure 9), the computer generates test commands to the rocket through the electro-mechanical interface. The test results are read with a television camera, and then digitized. The computer receives the information from the digitizer, and then directs the next test command.
Figure 9. System to test launch controls for rocket.
CameraDigitizer
Computer
Electro-MechanicalInterface
1 2
34
Rocket
Illustration is the meshing of words with images