kaukaisten kohteiden doppler-seuranta doppler tracking of … · 2016. 12. 21. · piotr ptak (lut)...
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Kaukaisten kohteiden Doppler-seurantaDoppler tracking of distant targets
Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, Tuomo Kauranne
MATINE seminar, Helsinki, Finland, November 17, 2016
Awarded funding by MATINE 100000eAwarded funding by LUT 67500e
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 1 / 26
Motivation
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 2 / 26
Motivation
Ultimate goal
createDoppler Aircraft Tracking System
by utilising available transmitters of opportunityand
receivers by radio amateurs.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 3 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Use Doppler shift seen at many receivers to find and locate aircraft
Determine aircraft size
Find the potential coverage area of such a multi-point radar system
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 4 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Use Doppler shift seen at many receivers to find and locate aircraft
Determine aircraft size
Find the potential coverage area of such a multi-point radar system
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 4 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Use Doppler shift seen at many receivers to find and locate aircraft
Determine aircraft size
Find the potential coverage area of such a multi-point radar system
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 4 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Test tracking accuracy with multiple simultaneous receivers
See if high-flying ballistic objects or military aircraft can be seen and located
Test affordable receiver setups
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 5 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Test tracking accuracy with multiple simultaneous receivers
See if high-flying ballistic objects or military aircraft can be seen and located
Test affordable receiver setups
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 5 / 26
Motivation
Objectives
List of objectives:
Test tracking accuracy with multiple simultaneous receivers
See if high-flying ballistic objects or military aircraft can be seen and located
Test affordable receiver setups
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 5 / 26
Motivation
Bistatic radar
Forward-scatter signalstrength is better thanthe backscatterresponse ofconventional radar.
Bistatic scatter ismore variable butoften better thanbackscatter. Direct path
Baseline L = dTR
Ech
opa
th
dAR
Illumina
tion pa
th
dTA
γ
Vc
δ
β/2
T R
Aβ Bistatic angleδ Aspect angleVc Cruise velocity
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 6 / 26
Recorded data types
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 7 / 26
Recorded data types
flightradar24.com (FR24)/Radio Signal Data (RSD)
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 8 / 26
Recorded data types
Recorded Radio Signal Data
-84.9 49750000 +84.720:13:42
20:46:29
21:19:16
21:52:03
22:24:51
frequency / Hz
2012-07-11
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 9 / 26
Coverage area of the system
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 10 / 26
Coverage area of the system
Examples of bistatic coverage area
Four-element horizontal dipolearray at about 14m above ground,horizon of 370 km for aircraft atcruising altitude of 10 km;
Power of the Saint Petersburgtransmitter 149 kW;
Aircraft detections range up to thehorizon.
JH,D4E
S
A33
2FA
7XB
77W
A38
8B
772
GLF
6A
333
B74
4B
77L
A34
3A
319
B78
9B
788
A35
9B
E9L
SU
95AT
76A
320
E19
0B
735
GLF
5B
748
0
10
20
30
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 11 / 26
Coverage area of the system
Examples of bistatic coverage area
Rotatable horizontal four-elementYagi, height of about 9m abovethe ground, horizon of 368 km foraircraft at cruising altitude of10 km;
Power of the Nyandomatransmitter 5 kW;
Aircraft detections range up toand partially beyond the horizon.
MR,Y6E
N
F10
0B
748
GLF
5B
744
B73
8A
333
B76
3B
788
A32
0B
77W
A38
8B
772
A34
3A
332
B77
L
0
10
20
30
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 11 / 26
Coverage area of the system
Overall coverage map of the system
Coverage map created out of every dis-covered plane with use of the system.
The system includes 5 antennas locatedat 3 different locations and 3 transmit-ters: Nyandoma, Saint Petersburg andArkhangelsk.
The total coverage area of 241 091 km2.
FA7X
B77
WB
772
GLF
6A
333
A33
2A
388
A34
3B
788
B77
LA
319
B74
4B
789
A35
9B
E9L
SU
95AT
76A
320
B74
8F10
0G
LF5
B73
8B
763
E19
0B
735
0
50
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 12 / 26
Tracking capabilities
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 13 / 26
Tracking capabilities
Estimated trajectory of aircraft
FR24
RSD
Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 14 / 26
Tracking capabilities
Estimated trajectory of aircraft
FR24
RSD
Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 14 / 26
Tracking capabilities
Estimated trajectory of aircraft
FR24
RSD
Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 14 / 26
Tracking capabilities
Estimated trajectory of aircraft
20:18:43
1.03km
20:19:03
1.35km
20:19:13
0.345km
20:19:25
1.121km
20:19:38
1.542km
20:19:51
1.033km
20:21:00
0.245km
FR24
RSD
Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500m.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 14 / 26
Antennas and equipment
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 15 / 26
Antennas and equipment
LUT Antenna
Six element Yagi antenna lo-cated on the roof of LUT build-ing. It was raised on September,already operational with novelRaspberry Pi and FM stick re-ceiver.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 16 / 26
Antennas and equipment
LUT Antenna
Tuning of the LUT antenna tomaximise reception.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 16 / 26
Antennas and equipment
LUT Antenna
Raspberry Pi with radio stick.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 16 / 26
Antennas and equipment
Mauno’s Antenna
Six element Yagi antennamounted on the side of house ofone of the contributors. Raisedon May as a replacement for anold four element Yagi. West ofJoensuu.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 17 / 26
High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 18 / 26
High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
High Flying Objects (HFO)
Cosmodrom in Plesetsk was watched closely forthe last year regarding launches of HFO.
Date Configuration CargoJune 4 Rockot GEO-IK 2May 29 Soyuz-2.1b Glonass M
March 24 Soyuz-2.1a Bars-MFebruary 16 Rockot Sentinel 3AFebruary 7 Soyuz-2.1b Glonass M
None of the launches were visible in a form ofDoppler curve.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 19 / 26
High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
Highly Manoeuvring Objects (HMO)
HMO such as jets are visible from Joen-suu and Pielinen nodes as well as fromLUT node. The location of the HMOwas estimated to be over the North Pieli-nen and lake Ladoga regions.
(a)
(b)
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 20 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
Table of Contents
1 Motivation
2 Recorded data types
3 Coverage area of the system
4 Tracking capabilities
5 Antennas and equipment
6 High Flying and Highly Manoeuvring Objects
7 Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 21 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
Conclusions
The efficiency of presented methods was validated;
The research group enhanced the equipment choice by exploiting RaspberryPi and FM stick as a operational receiving core;
The research resulted in three journal papers, from which two appeared inthis year, and three conference papers;
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 22 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
Further use and exploitation
To enlarge the number of receiving nodes and conduct trials on the nationalscale;
To enhance communication between nodes and server with open sourcesoftware;
To equip new nodes with reliable and affordable Raspberry Pi solution;
To enhance existing tracking algorithm with possibility to track highlymanoeuvring object (military aircraft);
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 23 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 24 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
References I
Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne. “Analternative way of tracking aircraft based on VHF band Doppler effectphenomenon”. In: Proceedings of The International Society of Air SafetyInvestigators, ISASI 2016 Conference. The International Society of AirSafety Investigators (ISASI). Reykjavik, Iceland, 2016.
Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne.“Instantaneous doppler signature extraction from within a spectrogramimage of a VHF band”. In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and ElectronicSystems 52.2 (Apr. 2016), pp. 576–589. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2015.150077.
Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne. “Aircraftclassification based on radar cross section of long-range trajectories”. In:IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51.4 (Oct. 2015),pp. 3099–3106. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2015.150139.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 25 / 26
Conclusions and future goals
References II
Piotr Ptak, Juha Hartikka, Mauno Ritola, and Tuomo Kauranne.“Long-distance multistatic aircraft tracking with VHF frequency dopplereffect”. In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50.3(July 2014), pp. 2242–2252. ISSN: 0018-9251. DOI:10.1109/TAES.2014.130246.
Piotr Ptak (LUT) Doppler tracking of distant targets MATINE seminar 2016 26 / 26