Katalin KÉRI(PTE, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Education )

(PTE, Philologische Fakultät, Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft)

The education of subnormal childrenin Spain in the nineteenth century

14/02

14/03

Miguel Cervantes Virtual Library(http://www.cervantesvirtual.com)

I. The initial steps of therapeutic education in Spain from theMiddle Ages up to modern times

II. The special schools and basic books used in the 19th century

III. The way of the Spanish (in some places Catalan) terminology

14/04

The Beginnings of Education of Children with Special Needs:I. The Education of deaf and dumb

Pedro Ponce de Leon (1520-1584)(the monastery of Oña)

14/05

Juan Pablo Bonet(1573 appr.-1633)

Reduction de las letras y arte para enseñar á ablar los mudos

(1620, Madrid) 14/06

Escuela española de sordomudos, o Arte para enseñarles a escribir y

hablar el idioma español(1795, Madrid)

Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro (1735-1809)

14/07

II. The education of the blinds in Spain

1. The first Muslim shelter for the blind: Granada, 12th century

2. The Home for the blind: Madrid, 1422

3. Vives: De subventione Pauperum, 1525

4. First school for the blind: Sevilla, 1666

5. 18th century: Influence of French authors (Diderot, Haüy) in Spanish special education

14/08

Specialised Education in 19th century Spain

The School for Blind and Deaf and Dumb, Madrid, 1795 (King Charles IV.) The School for Deaf and Dumb (Escuela de Sordomudos) Barcelona, 1816 (M. Estrada)

Madrid International School of the Blind (Colegio Nacional de Ciegos de Madrid) 1863

Private schools in Barcelona and in Madrid, 1819, 1833

The Moyano-Law: schools for blind and deaf and dumb, 1857

The education of mentally handicapped children: Instituto Médico-Pedagógico para Niños Atrasados: Barcelona, 1897

14/09

Attitudes towards the Subnormal and Abnormalin Spain from the Middle Ages up to the Twentieth Century

Sources:

- textbooks- medical books- methodology guidelines- education plans- school reports- newspaper articles- letters

- conference reports- names of schools etc.

14/10

Changes in the terminology I.„deaf and dumb and the blind” (sordo-mudos és ciegos) (constantly used)

1409: Hospital for the half-witted, idiots and insane (ignoscents, folls e orats)1410: Hospital of Fools (Hospital apellat dels folls)

In the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries

„idiots” (los idiotas) 1870„retarded children” (niños atrasados) 1897„mentally handicapped children” (niños con deficiencias intelectuales) 1897„subnormal children” (niños anormales) 1897„chidren of lower intellect” (niños con inteligencia disminuida) 1897„mentally subnormal children” (niños mentalmente anormales) 1907„degenerated children” (infancia degenerada) 1908„children with subnormal mental capacities”

(los niños mentalmente anormales) 1908-1912„children with mental deficiencies”

(niños mentalmente deficientes) 1914 etc.14/11

Changes in the terminology II.

Constitution of Spain of 1978:

„people with reduced abilities” psychically, physically, or from a sensory aspect (los disminuidos psíquicos, físicos y sensoriales)

1990, 2002 Law of Education (Ley de Calidad de la Educación):

„children requiring specific education” (niños con necesidades educativas especiales)

2006 Organic Law (La Ley Orgánica):

„integrative and inclusive school” (escuela integradora e inclusive)„pupils of higher intellect” (alumnos con altas capacidades intelectuales) „pupils with severe behavioural problems” (alumnos con trastornos graves de conducta)„functional diversity” (diversidad funcional)

14/12

Summary

I. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance: The individual initiatives for special education in Spain

II. In 18th century: The first steps for foundation of the specialised public schools; The publication of Spanish books and methods about special education; The becoming known of the foreign (French) books and methods

III. In the 19th-20th centuries: The establishment of network of specialised schools (Moyano Law – 1857; the initiatives of 1920s; Law of Primary Education of 1945 etc.)

IV. From 1970s: The attempt to harmonise the different types of special schools (Constitution of Spain – 1978) Strong and clear steps towards integrative and inclusive education (2002 Law of Education, 2006 Organic Law)

14/13

Salamanca Statement:Network for Action on Special Needs Education

„schools should accommodate all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions. This should include disabled and gifted children, street and working children, children from remote or nomadic populations, children from linguistic, ethnic or cultural minorities and children from other disadvantaged or marginalized areas or groups.”

(UNESCO – Ministry of Education ad Science of Spain,Salamanca, 1994.)

14/14

Thank you for your attention!Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!

E-mail: kerik@btk.pte.hu

URL: http://kerikata.hu/