kasuma bearings
TRANSCRIPT
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON
KASUMA BEARINGS
PREPARED BY : SAMEER THAKKAR
CLASS : S.Y.B.B.A
ROLL NO :
SEAT NO :
COLLEGE : GEETANJALI COLLEGE
ACADEMIC YEAR2005- 06
SUBMITTED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT
GUIDED BY:
Prof. Nirav S. Joshi
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON
KASUMA BEARINGS
PREPARED BY : SAMEER THAKKAR
CLASS : S.Y.B.B.A
ROLL NO :
SEAT NO :
COLLEGE : GEETANJALI COLLEGE
ACADEMIC YEAR2005- 06
SUBMITTED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT
GUIDED BY:
Prof. Nirav S. Joshi
DECLARATION CERTIFICATE
I Sameer Thakkar, hereby under sign being a student of
SYBBA Geetanjali College, Rajkot declare that the project
work presented in this report is my own and has been carried
out under the guidance of Prof. Nirav S. Joshi of GEETANJALI
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER,SCIENCE & COMMERCE (BBA),
Rajkot.
This work has not been previously submitted to any
other university.
Date:
Place: Rajkot
Sign:
Sameer Thakkar.
Geetanjali College
PREFACE
This book contains a project report on company named
KASUMA BEARINGS PVT. LTD. It includes analysis of various
departments of the company. This company produces various
types of Bearings.
Thus this project contains exact and compact
information by a practical training of the company.
In the following pages, I have made my sincere efforts to
mention the knowledge I gained during the training.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people
and this work is not different. I thank Mr.Kamlesh Timbadia
the director of the factory who has provided all the necessary
information and to Prof. Nirav S. Joshi who has guided me and
her support was instrumental in accomplishing this report.
Lastly I would like to thank all my parents, and company
members at large who had directly or indirectly helped me in
this Project Report.
Date:
Place: Rajkot.
INDEX
`Sr. no.
Particulars
1. General Information
2. Production Department
3. Personnel Department
4. Marketing Department
5. Finance Department
6. Future Plans
7. SWOT Analysis
8. Suggestions
9. Conclusions
10. Bibliography
HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION OF THE FIRM
Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) Ltd needs no introduction to
people who have been involved in any manner with the
bearings because it has been one of the leading firms in this
field. It has annual turnover of more than 8.5 crores. More
than nearly 170 workers and more than 30 qualified
engineers.
Whenever we want to know a particular firm we start it
with the History of the Firm. Only that can give us the true
picture of any Firm’s progress since then. The History and the
developing stage of Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) Ltd is as below:
Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) Ltd began in 1995 i.e. 10 years
ago. Initially it was started as a small-scale industry but from
then the company has expanded three times larger than it
was.
Kasuma initially started with a local network of distributors of
bearings, as we already know that the present world is
having cut throat competition, but this could not stop Kasuma
from achieving its goals & to rising to new heights.
Kasuma then started manufacturing for international
market.
Kasuma has produced more than 4000 series in bearings,
which is a success in itself, & by this it has proved itself to be
one of the leading industries in Asia.
The firm holds a good grip in the market for having the
international standard quality and method of working.
COMPANY PROFILE
Kasuma Auto Eng. (P) Ltd. is specialist in bearing
manufacturing and marketing it all over the world.
Kasuma Auto Eng. (P) Ltd. is one of the leading bearing
manufacturing units in India. “Kasuma” is well known and
widely accepted brand name. It is located at Shapar which is
a well-developed industrial area near Rajkot [Gujarat] INDIA.
They have been manufacturing quality bearings with
application of best available raw materials in steel ‘Grade SAE
52100’ on Hi-tech machineries and strict quality control. Their
innovative engineering and the policy of making the best
product has kept it a step forward than other bearing
industries. As on date they ‘Kasuma Bearings’ matches all
leaders for high quality and performance in bearings
manufactured with advanced
System and technology with latest measuring and testing
instruments and strict quality check have assisted them to
achieve defect free production in large volume with the
production capacity of more than 6 million bearings annually.
“Kasuma” has won wide appreciations in Indian replacement
as well as export markets.
“Kasuma” has a vast range of more than 4000 series of
bearings including all type of Taper Roller, Double Row Taper
Roller, Needle Roller, Ball Bearings like Deep Groove, Angular
Contact, Double Row and Plain Ball Bearings, Spherical Roller,
Plain Spherical, Cylindrical Roller, Thrust and Pillow Block
Bearings etc. Major applications of these bearings are in
Automobiles, Marine Engines, And Heavy Earth Movers &
Industrial. For replacement market we manufacture bearings
for Tata, Leyland, LCV, Tractors, Matador, Minidor, Passenger
Cars and many more vehicles.,. We offer a comprehensive
and unmatched range for overseas markets John Deere,
Massey Ferguson, Bed Ford, Mercedes Benz, Ford, ZF, Hino,
Iveco, Man, Scaina, Trailler, Zetor, Chevrolet, Opel,
Volkswagen, Peugeot, Land Rover, Land Crusher, Canter,
Mitsubishi, Toyota, Mazda and many other models ranges.
They have developed wide range of Clutch Release bearings.
Their innovation is still on the way to meet new challenges
and is developing all kinds of bearings aiming innovation and
welcoming any inquiry with the sample or Specifications
[Drawing] to fulfill your requirements.
”Kasuma Auto Eng. (P) Ltd” is ISO 9001 [ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q
9001] & ISO 14001 certified co. by BVQI – USA accordance
with Quality Standard in all type of Bearings, it is also under
process in acquiring TS 16949 certificate which is the most
superior of all the ISO certificates. They always welcome new
clients who look for best quality and accurate specification of
bearings. They sincerely look forward to establishing business
relations with the customers both at home and abroad and
welcome the suggestions. “Kasuma” brand is a well-known
brand in Indian market as well as demanded in overseas
markets.
LIST OF DIRECTORS
Kamlesh N. Timbadia
6-A, Amrut Prabhat Apt.,
20, New Jagnath Corner,
Dr. Yagnik Road,
Rajkot – 360 001
Bharat N. Timbadia
4-C, Shivanand Apt.,
Girish Mukharji Road,
Bhavanipur,
Kolkata
Sunil C. Tejani
201, Panchratna Palace,
3/11 Jagnath Plot,
Rajkot – 360 001
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
COMPANY BIO - DATA
Name of the Company : Kasuma Auto Engg. (P)
Ltd.
Company’s Logo :
Factory (Works) Address : Mahavir Industrial Estate
Survey No. 219, N.H. 8-
B,
Plot No. 4/5/6/18, Gondal
Highway, Veraval [Shapar]
Dist. Rajkot
Gujarat – India
Registered office Address: Vit Bhavan
Opp. Gurukul Temple,
Gondal Road,
Rajkot – 360 002
Export office Address : Parts International
G-2 Nahar & Seth Industrial
Estate,
Chakkala, Andheri (E),
Mumbai – 400 099, India
E-Mail Address :[email protected]
Website :
http://www.kasumabearings.com
Phone Number : Factory +91–2827–
252403/253474
Office +91 – 281 –
2363371
Export off. +91–22–
8226972
Fax Number : Factory +91 – 2827 –
253200
Office +91 – 281 –
2366230
Export Off. +91 – 22 –
8242641
PLANT LOCATION
Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) Ltd is located about 17 km from
the Rajkot city in the Industrial sector near Shapar on Rajkot-
Gondal National Highway. The land area of the Firm is
approximately 80,000 sq. ft.
The construction area of the Firm is approximately
60,000 sq. ft.
Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) LTd
OBJECTIVES OF THE FIRM
Objectives lie at the very heart of strategy
implementation. They identify precisely what must be
accomplished each year to achieve an organization’s
strategic goals. In the process, they also provide managers
with specific targets for the coming year’s performance.
The objectives of KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD is as
follows:
Satisfy Customer:
An ultimate dream of the company is smiling customer.
The company believes that satisfied customers are the assets
of the company, which keep the business flourishing &
developing day by day.
Continuous Improvement in Quality & Productivity:
The company is trying to improve their quality &
productivity in order to minimize the loss.
Higher Exports:
The company aims at increasing the exports.
TYPES OF PRODUCT
BEARINGS:- Ball bearings
Roller bearings
Thrust bearings
Tapered roller
Double Row Taper roller
Needle roller, Deep groove ball bearing
Angular contact ball bearing
Double row ball bearing
Plain ball bearings
Spherical roller
Plain spherical
Cylindrical roller
Pillow block bearings
Clutch release bearing.
Liners
Bore diameter ranging from 65mm to 260mm Liners
Bore diameter ranging from 65mm to 260mm
Connecting Rods
Within the range of 50mm to 400mm center distance
cylinder
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
Chairman
Managing Director
General Manager
Departmental Manager
Assistance Departmental Manager
Workers
INDEX
Sr. no. Particulars
1. Introduction & Definition to Production Dept.
2. Production Planning
3. Raw Material Used
4. Production Process
5. Machines Used in the Firm
6. Production Control
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION TO PRODUCTION
Production is transformation of raw materials to the
finished goods.
Production also refers to the addition of marketing surplus.
Production is the main activity that almost all the
industries perform with the intention of making profits by
selling the goods that are manufactured.
Production is creative process with infinite variations.
Given a set of natural resources & an idealistic or
acceptable norm of ‘fairness’ or both, the allocation of
production responsibility and compensation in terms of
consumption capacity, is the central concern of the
administration & management at all levels. In addition, what
goods/services are to produce & what are the most efficient
means (technology/ technique) to do so constitute some of
the other dynamic aspects of management. Engineering as a
profession is centrally linked to one or the other aspects of
production or conversion linked in turn with ‘sciences’ on one
hand & ‘society’ on the other.
Increasing scientific understanding of nature, its efficient
utilization by technology, and a never-ending demand for
sophisticated range of goods/ services have led to
differentiation of human endeavor towards specialized
processes/ industries/ institutions for the production and
distribution of those goods/ services. One can conceive
‘industrialization’ as an organized industrialized application of
science and technology not only in the manufacturing sector
but also in the economy as a whole, including agricultural
sector and other service sectors.
PRODUCTION PLANNING
Definition
According to Lawrence L Bethel, et al., “Production
planning takes the given product or line of products and
organizes in advance the manpower, material, machines and
money required for a predetermined output in a given period
of time. It starts with a product concept capable of being
manufactured, a general idea of the process by which it can
be made and a sales forecast for the discernable future.”
The production planning thus:
Is a management technique
Acts as a preparation activity
Forecasts possible difficulties so as to eliminate or
minimize them
Sets the production targets
Aims at making optimum utilization of an organization’s
resources by deciding the line of action well in advance.
In short, it can be stated that production planning is
concerned with what, how, when and where the work is to
be carried out.
In KASUMA AUTO ENG (P) LTD production planning is
one of the most important functions performed by the
director. Here the production planning is done by the
director. Production planning is done every month.
Here, the production is on the fixed amount basis. Like in
some other companies production depends on the quantity of
order pending and then the production planning & process is
carried out. But, here there is fixed amount, fixed at the
beginning of every month, which is produced during the
whole month.
RAW MATERIALS
Material:
Steel for bearing is SAE-52100, which is internationally
approved bearing material with oxygen content within 15
PPM only. Rollers are made from imported wire coils.
Retainers are made from low carbon steel called rolled sheet.
Steps Involved in the Process of Raw Materials:
Chemistry: Materials checked by metallurgists for
chemical analysis and microstructure.
Heat Treatment: Bearing races & rollers are hardened
and tampered with 58 to 62 HRC.
Dimensions: Kasuma adopted international standard for
dimensions & tolerances.
Finishing: The Raceway or track of both the rings &
rollers are super finished and passed through honing
process to achieve micro finishing and great luster.
Inspection: Kasuma adopts full proof technique for
inspection at various stages like raw material, incoming
material inspection, semi finish and final assembly by well
experience technical staff.
Purchasing of Raw Materials:
KASUMA AUTO ENG (P) LTD purchases raw materials
from different places, depending on the material. The
purchase planning of the raw material is done by the director
of the company. The raw material is purchased every month
according to the requirements and planning.
Selection of Raw Material is based on the superior
quality and the prices prevailing in the market.
Quantity to be purchased is decided on the production
plan.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Forging
The First & foremost step for the production of bearing
is Forging of the steel bar for the exact size of the bearing
ring. The process of forging is showed below:
First picture:
It is the first process for the forging in this picture it is
easily understandable that the steel bar is cut to the
appropriate size.
Second Picture (Right top):
In this step the cut piece is heated at 58 to 62 HRC. And
at a temperature of 9000C
Third Picture (Left Bottom):
In this step the hot metal is given the appropriate
Shape.
Fourth Picture (Right Bottom):
In this step the size of the forged metal is checked in all
dimensions. This is the last step of forging.
Annealing, Turning & Heat Treatment
It is the second step in the process of manufacturing
bearing. This step is always conducted after forging. The
process of annealing is explained as under:
In the process of annealing the forged bearings are set
as shown in picture 1 & 2. Then the bearings are heated to
check the hardness shown in picture 4. Then the set bearings
are turned by checking the dimensions as shown in picture
3.
Roller Component
The pictures below show the manufacturing process of
roller components:
The rollers are manufactured from SAE 52100 material
coils. The coils are cut in to pieces according to the need of
the size of rollers as shown in picture 1 and 2. Then they
are properly oiled and polished as shown in pictures 3 & 4
respectively.
Cage Component
First the die of the cage as per the size of the rollers is
prepared & then the cage slots are punched and the cages
are manufactured as per the pictures shown below:
Grinding & Polishing
Picture 1: It shows the face grinding & face polishing
process.
Picture 2: It shows the outer surface (track) grinding & track
process.
Picture 3 & 4: It shows the grinding of the track of the inner
ring & its polishing process.
SOON AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE ABOVE PROCESS
ALL THE COMPONENTS ARE SENT TO THE ASSEMBLY
DEPARTMENT WHERE THE NEXT FACE OF THE PRODUCTION
OF BEARINGS START.
Assembly House
Picture 1: It shows all the components of bearings being
assembled together. Then after they are forwarded to the
stamping department.
Laser Stamping
Picture 1: KASUMA uses advanced laser technology to mark
their product with various information and markings as per
their customer requirement and specifications.
Picture 2: It shows the beam of the laser machine marking
on a bearing.
Oiling & Packing
Picture 1: In this process rust preventive oil and other
chemicals are applied in all the bearing in order to prevent
them from getting rusted then they are packed in air tight
packets in order to prevent them from humidity and other
climatic changes.
AFTER THIS STAGE ALL THE GOODS ARE PACKED AND THERE
IS NO CONTACT WITH AIR.
Box & Cartoon Packing
Soon after the oiling and picketing process is completed
all the goods are sent to the packing department where they
all are packed in the boxes and they are stored in the stores
or packed in the corrugated boxes and made ready doe
dispatch.
MACHINES USED IN THE FIRM
Automatic Grinding Machine
This machine is manufactured by P.M.T. It is mainly used
for Grinding & Turning of bearings.
In all there are eight Automatic & fifteen Semi-
Automatic machines present in the firm.
Semi-Automatic Horizontal Face Grinding Machine
This machine is used for face grinding of the
face of the Inner & Outer ring of the bearings.
Automatic Laser Marking Machine
This machine is completely operated with a computer. All the
programming is done according to the requirement and
specifications; its production capacity is about 3000 pieces
per day. It is also the latest of its kinds.
Production House
In all together KASUMA has more then 20 automatic
machines and 23 semi-automatic machines and the
arrangement of all the machines on its shop floor is so as to
minimize the movement of the raw material from machine to
machine, as it saves a lot of time
and energy.
PRODUCTION CONTROLThere are several definitions of ‘Production Control’
which are occasionally disconcerting. For the present
purpose, it is suggested that the ‘Production Control’ covers
all the functions and activities which affect the process orders
and, at the same time has a fundamental effect on the
utilization and efficiency of production resource.
Production control is at the heart of any manufacturing
organization. If it is done well, then the whole organization
will do well. The benefits that can be obtained from
production control are, therefore, considerable. It is
influenced by the external environment and it would be
unproductive to design systems which are not responsive to
the environment.
Thus production control continuously monitors all the
activities related to the production and compares the actual
performance with the planned performance. It finds out the
deviations between the both and takes necessary
rectification steps.
In KASUMA AUTO ENG (P) LTD production control is
performed continuously.
The main objectives of the production control are as
follows:
Orders to be produced within the given period of time.
Increase production by calculated amount.
Reduction in production cost.
Effect reduction in overtime.
Implement reduction in shop-floor lobour.
Show improvement in cash flow by reducing work-in-
progress, raw material stocks and finished goods stocks.
Maximize added value.
Increasing the productivity of the labor.
Production Capacity
The production capacity of the Firm is approximately
one million of Connecting Rod & Cylinder Liner &
approximately six million of bearings annually.
INDEX
Sr. no. Particulars
1. Introduction to Personnel
2. Organization of personnel Department
3. Recruitment
4. Selection
5. Induction
6. Working Hours & Shifts
7. Training & Development
8. Promotion & Transfer
9. Performance Appraisal
10. Wages & Salary Administration
11. Benefits & Services
12. Insurance Policies
13. Grievance Handling Procedure
14. Format of Employee Profile
INTRODUCTION TO PERSONNEL
MANAGEMENT
The sole of an organization is its Human Resources.
Organizations require the services of a large number of
personnel. Therefore human resources are one of the most
valuable assets for an organization because it is through the
human efforts organization goals can be accomplished. All
the activities of an enterprise are initiated and determined by
the persons who work in the institution, plants, offices,
computers, automatic equipments, etc to make a firm
modern. These resources are unproductive without human
effort.
Definition
“Personnel management is the planning, recruiting,
selecting, organizing, directing & controlling of the
procurement, development, compensation, integration,
maintenance & separation of human resources to the end
that individual, organization & social objective are
accomplished.”
The above definition is a comprehensive one & covers
both the management function and the operative functions.
The purpose of all these functions is to assist in the smooth
and successful accomplishment of basic objective.
`Thus we can say that no industry can be render
efficiently so long as the basic fact remains unrecognized that
it is principally human. It is not a mass of machines &
technical processes but a body of men. It fulfills its functions
not by efforts of some impersonal force but human energy.
Its body is not an intricate maze of mechanical devices but a
magnified resources system.
ORGANIZATION OF PERSONNEL
DEPARTMENT
An organization is a group of individuals who co-ordinate
into different levels of authority and segments of
specification for the purpose of achieving the goals &
objectives of the organization.
Definition
According to Allen, “The organisation is the process of
identifying & grouping the work to be performed, defining
and delegating authority, responsibility & establishing
relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most
effectively together in establishing of objectives.”
The internal organization structure of personnel
department varies widely in different companies depending
upon their size. For example, in small companies, line
executives discharge personnel functions. But in large
companies, where personnel activities are of complex nature,
a separate department is organized for the purpose.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD follows line
organization structure as authority descends from the top of
hierarchy to its bottom level and responsibility runs from
bottom level to the top of hierarchy.
RECRUITMENT
Recruitment process starts after the identification of
vacancies to be filled up. It is concerned with the
identification of sources from where the personnel can be
employed & motivating them to offer for the employment.
Definition
“Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective
employees & stimulating them to apply for the jobs in the
organization.”
Thus the first step in recruitment is the identification of
sources of manpower supply.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD fills up vacancies
through promotion of people available in the organization &
through the selection of people from outside i.e. through
advertisement in newspaper, through personal relation of
workers, managerial staff & lastly through Gate Hiring: It can
be presented as under
Recruitment
ExternalInternal
Advertisement&
Personal Relation
PromotionPolicy
SELECTIONDefinition
Selection is a deliberate effort of the organisation to
select fixed number of personnel from the large number of
applicants. The basic idea is to solicit maximum possible
information about the candidates to ascertain their suitability
for employment. Selection process is frequently described as
“Negative Process” In contrast to the positive programme of
recruitment since more candidates will be rejected than
those hired.
Procedure of Selection:
Screening of Applicants:
First of all the personnel manager will check all the
information contained in application from the concerned, in
order to ensure that whether it meets the standard or not. If
it meets, then suitable candidate is called for the further
selection process i.e. Interview.
Interview:
Here an effort is made by the personnel manager to get
overall information of the candidate visually like candidates
work experience, candidates further planning, etc.
Approval:
On the basis of the above steps, suitable candidates are
selected & they are informed about their selection and asked
to present themselves on the specified date.
INDUCTION
Definition
Induction is a technique by which a new employee is
rehabilitating into the changed surrounding and introduced to
the practices, policies & the objectives of the organisation. In
other words, it is a welcoming process-The idea is to welcome
a newcomer, make him/ her feel at home & generate a
feeling of belongingness, however its small, but is meaningful
and has significance as a part of total organisation.
Process of Induction:
Firstly information is given to a newly appointed person to
whom he has to give a report & the place of report.
Secondly, the respective manager welcomes the
employees.
Thirdly, it gives overall information about the department
in which he/ she is designated.
WORKING HOURS AND SHIFTS
The working hours of the each and every employee are
12 hours a day. The employees get some time for rest, for
lunch and for tea and snacks in regular intervals of time.
There are two shifts everyday i.e. in other words the
company works for 24 hours a day. The two shifts are as
follows: -
Morning Shift : - It starts from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM
Night Shift : - It starts from 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM
Firm works six days a week, except Thursday.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Definition
Training is the short-term process utilizing a systematic
and organized procedure by which non-managerial personnel
learn technical knowledge and skill for a definite purpose.
Development is a long-term educational process by
utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which
managerial personnel acquire conceptual & theoretical
knowledge for general functioning of the unit.
Organizations do not have choice whether to train its
employees or not, the only choice is that of methods of
training they are going to implement. There is continuous
environmental pressure for increasing the efficiency and if
the organisation does not respond to this pressure, it may
find itself losing whatever share of market it has. Training
imparts skills & knowledge to employees in order with which
they contribute to the organisation efficiency & be able to
cope up with the pressures of changing environment.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD imparts two types of
training i.e.
On the job training
Off the job training
First of all the company identifies the needs and then
they provide training. If the employee is semi skilled and
which is fit for the particular job and has some experience for
that job then that employee is grouped into on the job
method. If the labourer is unskilled and if he does not have
any experience then it is grouped into off the job training
method.
PROMOTION AND TRANSFER
Promotion & Transfer are activities through which an
adjustment in the size of workforce of an enterprise can be
made to cope with the changing situations. Such adjustments
in workforce may be needed to meet special situations such
as changes in organizational structure involving regrouping of
jobs changes in the jurisdictions of the departments &
relocation of individuals, jobs & departments. These functions
can be accomplished informally or formally. Usually formal
systems are adopted to secure operative consistency &
efficiency.
PROMOTION Definition
Promotion is the term which covers a change and calls
for greater responsibilities along with authority and usually
involves higher pay and better terms and conditions of
service & therefore a higher status or rank.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD promotes almost all
the employees every year in their respective jobs. This
promotion encourages the employee to work harder and with
full enthusiasm.
TRANSFER
Definition
Transfer is a horizontal or lateral movement of an
employee from one job, section, department, shift, plant or
position to another at the same or another place where his
salary, status & responsibility are the same. It generally does
not involve a promotion, demotion or a change in job status
other than movement from one place to another.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD does transfer its
employees from one department to another. But there is no
transfer of employees from one unit to another as they do not
have another unit. Thus this unit has a transfer policy but
only certain extent.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
Definition
Appraisal is the evaluation of worth, quality or merit. In
this organization context performance is a systematic
evaluation of personnel by superiors or other familiar with
their performance. Performance Appraisal is also described as
merit rating in which one individual is ranked better or worse
in comparison to other. The basic purpose in this merit rating
is to ascertain an employees’ eligibility for performance,
training & development, salary increase, transfer, discharge,
etc
In KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD, performance
appraisal system is undertaken by work performance i.e.
appraisal by result. An employee who performs well in terms
of result is ranked first and accordingly other rank is given,
based on result of work performance. According to this rank,
other decision will be taken i.e. decision of promotion, further
training, etc.
WAGES AND SALARY
ADMINISTRATION
Definition
Wage refers remuneration paid to the employee hourly
or similar period of time.
Salary refers to the weekly or monthly rates paid to
clerical, administrative & professional employees.
Different Kind of Wages
Time wage system:
According to this system an employee earns by the
amount of time the employee spends for the work. Usually
this method is applicable only for the labour staff, for dept.
heads, etc.
Fixed rate system:
According to this system an employee earns the fixed
amount of salary irrespective of the time spend on/ for the
job. This type of wage system is suitable for the top-level
management, Office staff, etc.
Piece rate system:
According to this system an employee earns the amount
of money with regard to the amount of production done by
the employee within the given period of time. This type of
system is usually applicable to the production staff.
Wages and salary are distributed to the employees on
7th of every month.
In KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD the Administrative
staff and Office staffs are entitled to get the fix amount of
salary (Fix Rate System). But on the other hand the
production staff and the different departmental heads are
entitled to get the amount of salary for the time spend by
them for the given work (Time Rate System).
BENEFITS AND SERVICES
Management is concerned with attracting & keeping
employees, whose performance meets at least minimum
levels of acceptability and at keeping ‘absenteeism’ and
‘monotony’ to tolerable levels. The provisions of ‘Benefits’ &
‘Services’ are important in maintaining the employees and
reducing or keeping monotony & absenteeism low.
BENEFITS
Definition
According to Cockman employee benefits are defined as
“Those benefits which are supplied by an employer for the
benefits of an employee & which are not in the form of
wages, salaries and time rated payments.”
Normally all the companies provide benefits in the two
terms i.e.
Monetary
Non - Monetary
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD also provides benefit
schemes to their employees, which are listed below:
Bonus
Provident Fund Scheme
Loan Facility
Overtime Benefit
Free Lunch facility.
Traveling Allowances
Music for entertainment.
Services
In addition to the above benefits KASUMA AUTO
ENGG. (P) LTD also provides a wealth of services that
employees find desirable. The organization provides these
services at no cost to the employee or at a significant
reduction form, then what might have to be paid without the
organizations support. These services include : -
Quarters & Housing Facility
Company Uniform
Safety Measures Facility
Canteen Facility
Medical Service
INSURANCE POLICY
Kasuma has facilitated all the employees with the
facility of insurance. All the employees are not only secured
with one policy but with two policies. All the employees are
insured with two different companies.
LIC
Oriental Insurance
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
In KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD total number of
employees is 170. The number of employees consists of both
men and women. This number includes the lobour staff i.e.
qualified engineers, the men on machines, the departmental
heads, supervisors, etc
PROVIDENT FUND SCHEME
According to the rule, if any organization has 20 or more
employees working then, that organization has to adopt the
Provident Fund Scheme
As stated above, KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD has
employed 170 employees. This company provides Provident
Fund Scheme to the employees. The company cuts 12% from
their basic monthly salary/ wage.
GRIEVANCE HANDLING
MECHANISM
Definition
A Grievance is any discontent or dissatisfaction, whether
expressed or not, whether valid or not, arising out of anything
connected with the company which an employee thinks,
believes or even feels to be unfair, unjust or inequitable.
Broadly speaking, a complaint affecting one or more workers
constitutes a grievance. The complaint may be relate to the
quantum of wages, the mode of payment, payment of
overtime work, promotions, seniority, working conditions or a
complaint against a foreman, against the quality of the plant
or the parts used in its machinery or the food available in the
canteen.
PROCEDURE OF HANDLING
GRIEVANCES
If any problem is faced then the complaint is passed
through a proper channel (vertical communication) is used.
Helper / Worker
Operator
Foremen
Supervisor
H.O.D
Managing Director
Till now no complain relating to the behavior of the
employees or any of their seniors has been received. And this
is possible only due to proper co-ordination and
communication between the management and the workers in
the organization.
EMPLOYEE PROFILE
NAME IN FULL: ___________________________________
NAME OF FATHER: _______________________________
AGE: ____________ DATE OF BIRTH: __/__/____
DESIGNATION: __________________
DATE OF APPOINTMENT: __/__/____
PERMANENT ADDRESS:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
PLACE: _______________ PIN: ____________
CONTACT NO: ___________________
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: ______________________
PRE. WORK EXPERIENCE (if any):_______________________
________________________________
AFFIX YOURRECENT
PASSPORT SIZEPHOTOGRAPH
REFERENCE: _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
DATE: __/__/____
________________________
(SIGNATURE OF APPL.)
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:
REMARK: _____________ APPOINTED BY: ________________
INDEX
Sr. no. Particulars
1. Introduction & Definition to Marketing
2. Organization of Marketing Department
3. Market Segmentation
4. Marketing Research Promotion
5. Section of Marketing Department
6. Transportation
7. Procedure for Export order & Goods delivery
INTRODUCTION AND
DEFINITION TO MARKETING
Marketing is in essence, taking a view of the whole
business organization and its ultimate objectives. Concern for
marketing must penetrate in all areas of enterprises.
Marketing emphasizes that ‘Customer is the King’ and his
satisfaction must be the ultimate aim of the business activity,
if the business unit desires long-run success – a belief handed
down to prosperity by sound marketing people. Marketing
has been defined in several ways by different writers.
Definition
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which
individuals and groups obtain what they need and want
through creating and exchanging products and value
with others.
According to Philip Kotler, a well-known author in the
area of Marketing, “A human activity directed towards
satisfying needs and wants through exchange
processes.”
The American Marketing Association defines marketing
as’ “The performance of business activities that directs
the flow of goods and services from producer to
consumer or user.”
The following key concepts of marketing emerge from
the above-mentioned definitions: - needs, wants and
demands; products; utility, value and satisfaction; exchange,
transactions and relationships; markets; and marketing and
marketers. A useful distinction can be drawn between needs,
wants and demands.
A human need is a state in which a person feels
deprived of something. A need has to be converted into a
want for product/ service through adequate marketing
strategy, such as promotion. Demands are wants for specific
products that are backed up by an ability and willingness to
buy them. Wants becomes demands when backed up by
purchasing power.
ORGANIZATION OF MARKETING
DEPARTMENT
Definition
Marketing department has to perform various functions
rightly from production to sales to ultimate customers. We
can say that marketing department is an agent between the
product to the ultimate consumer and therefore marketing
department has various functions like product planning,
marketing research, servicing to customer etc..
ManagingDirector
DirectMarketing
Distributors
Dealer
MARKET SEGMENTATIONThe concept of market segmentation is based on the
fact that the markets of commodities are not homogeneous.
Two consumers of the same commodity are never in
conformity with each other as far as their habits, nature,
taste or interests, income, age, mode of purchasing or other
attitudes are concerned. So, all consumers cannot be
satisfied with the same product. In order to facilitate the
marketing of his product the marketing manager, sub-divides
a market into homogeneous sub-sets of customers having
common in one set so that the customers may be served
better with a distinct Marketing Mix. Such selection of sub-
sets as a homogeneous group is called market segmentation.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD. is producing
industrial products based on customer drawings so the
company does not have to identify customer’s tastes, as the
sole customer only provides taste by providing their drawings
& this company manufacture industrial products according to
their drawings. Although the company is giving their own
opinions about their drawings in order to facilitate ease to
customers. Thus in Marketing Department of this company
there is no concept of market segmentation.
MARKETING RESEARCH
In Modern marketing system, management does not
produce what it can sell but it puts the goods in the market
whatever is desired or required by the consumers.
What are the customer’s desires?
What does customer wants?
These are the burning problem before marketing
executive. Marketing research helps in gathering the useful
information in this regard. Marketing research is very useful
to the organization because based on facts, decisions can be
taken promptly.
Definition
Marketing Research is a systematic gathering, recording
& analyzing the data about marketing problems to facilitate
decision making.
The firm is doing marketing research by themselves i.e.
top management. They have started their bearing plant after
researching. On the basis of market research they have come
into conclusion that there will be more demand of bearings.
SECTIONS OF MARKETING
DEPARTMENT
MARKETING
MIX
PLACE
MIX
PROMOTION
MIX
PRODUCT
MIX
PRICE
MIX
PRODUCT MIX
Product is the most tangible & important single
component of the marketing programme. Without a product
there is nothing to distribute, nothing to promote, nothing to
price. Product acts as a vehicle by which a company provides
consumer satisfactions. It is the engine that pulls the rest of
the market programme.
Packing Process
Packing is done in such a way that the product is not
damaged & reaches the customer in good condition.
First of all the finished product is brought in the
inspection room.
Here all the final dimensions of the product are double
checked.
The inspected product is passed through the
demagnetizing device, washing, oiling & cooling (1 hour
approx.)
By this process the excess oil is dried up & anti-rust
layer of oil is formed.
Then the products are arranged series wise in a plastic
wrapper.
The products are properly sealed in a Polly bags to keep
it moisture free.
Finally the product is sent for box packing, where the set
of 5 pics are packed in a single box.
There are also other modes of packing like can packing
or shrink wrapping according to the specifications of the
customer or need of the product.
Labeling & Marking
KASUMA its product in two different brands i.e. Kasuma
& FATE bearings. Kasuma brand is used mainly in local
markets whereas FATE in international market.
PRICE MIXDefinition
Price is the powerful marketing instrument. As a
marketing weapon pricing is the big-gun. Pricing a product is
one of the most important and critical areas in marketing
management. Pricing policies means to determine the
product at how much cost it can be sold. It is also the
standing answer to the firm to recurring problem of pricing.
Price mix also aims at price discrimination on the basis
of the market. It determines the price to be charged from
different customers for the same product in different areas.
DISCOUNT POLICY
Following is the discount policy given by the firm to the
distributor:
MRP Price ***
Less: Discount *** 40%
***
Less: Cash Disc. *** 5%
***
Add: Excise *** 16%
***
Add: C.S.T *** 4%
**** Distributor Rate
Incentives
KASUMA provides 2% as incentive to the distributor on
the target sale. The firm does not give the incentive amount
as cash but it gives the distributor a gift depending on the
rate of target sale. For example if the target sale achieved by
the distributor is higher than the firm gives a car, bike, and
an overseas trip to his family and so on…..
PROMOTION MIXDefinition
Promotion is the co-ordinate & self-initiated efforts to
establish channels of information & persuasion to facilitate or
foster the sale of goods or services or the acceptance of
ideas or points of view.
Sales promotion is an important instrument in marketing
to lubricate the marketing efforts. It is not expenditure; it is
an investment, which can pay rich dividends. It aims at
stimulating consumer to purchase at the point of sale &
dealers effectiveness at the retail channel of distribution.
Sales promotion is a bridge or connecting link covering the
gap between advertising & personnel salesmanship, the two
wings of promotion.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD also undertakes sales
promotion activities. For which the firm gives advertisements
in the automobiles magazines, it is the member of the Trade
India website, it participates in various exhibitions in India as
well as overseas etc & has appointed some distributors
carrying broachers & company’s profile which include
company’s objectives & its history, picture of factory building
& of other department like laboratory, machinery,
manufacturing capacity & in what range they can
manufacture etc. with them.
The firm also does sales promotion through their
website, C.D., product catalogue, gifts, quality requirements,
price discounts, etc.
ADVERTISING
Definition
Advertising is a non-personal relationship of the
manufacturer with the customer. It is a medium by which the
manufacturer motivates the customer to purchase the
product.
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD also gives
advertisements regularly in the magazines related to
automobiles. Like Auto Expo Exhibitor book, Auto India,
Yellow Pages, etc. The firm also gives advertisements
through Internet. (http://www.kasumabearings.com/)
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD sometimes distributes
samples to different parties who are interested in purchasing
the products or even sometimes during the company’s
participation in different fairs automobile fairs the company
distributes different samples in the form of advertisements.
ATTRACTIVE SCHEMES
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD conducts the point
scheme for the customer. It works as follows:
At the time of packing of the product the following
coupons of points are kept inside – 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 &
40
When the customer purchases the bearing he/ she can
encash the coupon in exchange with the equivalent
amount of money with the distributor.
Expenses for Sales promotion & Advertising
Year 2001 – 2002 – 6, 00, 000 approx.
Year 2002 - 2003 – 7, 50, 000 approx.
Year 2003 - 2004 – 8, 50, 000 approx.
PLACE MIXChannels for Distribution
The entire function of getting goods into the hand of the
customer is often referred to as distributions. The term
channel of distributions is used to denote the middlemen
engaged in moving goods from the place of production to the
place of consumption. It is the channel through which goods
are made to move as smoothly as possible to the desired
place. In other words, the route & pathway through which
goods flow from the place of production to the place of
consumption is termed as “Channels of Distribution”
As KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD produces industrial
production, its channels of distribution for its industrial
product is as follows:
Kasuma Auto Engg. (P) Ltd
Industrial/Automotive Distributors
Industrial/Automotive Dealer
User of Industrial/ Automotive Goods
TRANSPORTATION
As KASUMA produces industrial/automotive goods, which
are heavy in nature, so it transports goods from one place to
another through trucks. In case of exports the goods are
transported through waterways (Sea)
PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT
ORDER AND GOODS DELIVERY
Export order is received through e-mail or Fax.
Then the firm sends the quotation for the order/ Enquiry.
Only if the quotation (prices) is approved by the party
and a confirmation is received from him then the
required order is sent to the production department.
After the production a sample from the lot produced is
sent for approval to the customer who has ordered
those goods.
After all the samples are approved the goods are sent to
the Export office at Mumbai.
From the export office all the export formalities are done
& only after that the goods are sent to the concerned
address through sea.
KASUMA exports goods to the following countries:
U.S.A, U.K, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Italy,
Malaysia, Singapore &. Many more. In short, Kasuma exports
its goods around all over the world.
INDEX
Sr. no.
Particulars
1. Introduction & Definition to Marketing
2. Organization of Financial Department
3. Financial Planning
4. Capitalization
5. Capital Structure
6. Management of Fixed Assets
7. Management of working capital
8. Inventories
9. Dividend Distribution
10. Profitability
11. Leverage
12. Ratio Analysis
INTRODUCTION AND
DEFINITION TO FINANCE
Finance holds the key of to all activities. The path of success is
greased with money. “Money is an arm or a leg; you either use it
or loose it”
Kenneth Midgley & Ronald Burns state: Financing is the
process of organizing the flow of funds so that a business can
carry out its objectives in the most efficient manner & meet
its obligations a they fall due.
Finance “guides & regulates investments decisions &
expenditure. To get the best out of the available funds is the
major task of finance manager. Finance is the common
denominator for the vast range of corporate objectives & the
major part of any corporate plan must be expressed in the
financial terms.
Financial Management today is recognized as the most
important branch of business administration. Finance
Management provides the best guide for future resources
allocation by a firm. The old concept of finance as treasure
ship has broadened to include the new concept of controller
ship, while the treasurer keeps track of the money the
controller duty is extended to planning analysis &
improvement of every phase of the company’s operation
which are measured with a financial yardstick.
ORGANIZATION OF FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT
Organization of finance department means the division
& the classification of various functions which are to be
performed by the finance department. The place of financial
department in the organization chart depends generally on
the size & the nature of the business.
A finance department organizational setup in this
company is given below:
The nature of finance is so peculiar that it may even
affect the very existence of the concern & therefore the firm
has not decentralized the finance functions & so the control &
administration of the finance is in the hand of the Managing
Director.
FINANCIAL PLANNING
Financial planning means deciding well in advance what
is to be done with regard to finance. It is necessary to have
control on inflow & outflow of cash so that necessary funds
may be available as & when they are required. The highest
earnings can be assured only through sound financial plan. A
faulty financial plan may ruin the business completely. So,
sound planning is necessary to achieve the long term & short
term objectives of the firm & to protect the interests of all
parties concerned.
ManagingDirector
FinancialManager
ChiefAccountant
ExciseAccountantsSalesTax
CAPITALIZATION
Capital plays an important role in any business. At the
time of incorporation of a business, it is the first problem
before the promoters to decide how much capital is to be
required & in what form. It is not an easy task. A financial
plan is to be prepared for the purpose estimating the short
terms & a long-term needs of finance to the company. It
requires proper capitalization. Proper capitalization refers to
the total amount of capital required in the long run for
smooth functioning of the business. The amount of capital at
any time should not exceed nor should it be less than the
amount required. In both the situations, the company will be
loser.
Definition
Capitalization of a corporation comprises the ownership
capital & the borrowed capital as represented by long term
indebtedness. It may also mean the total accounting value of
the capital stock, surplus in whatever form it may appear &
the refunded long-term debt.
An improper capitalization refers to the concept of over
capitalization & under capitalization
Over Capitalization
A company is said to be over capitalized when:
It is in the position to pay dividend or interest on shares
& debentures at fair rates.
Its book value is higher than real value.
Under Capitalization
A company is said to be under capitalized when:
It is not in the position to pay dividend or interest on
shares & debentures at fair rates.
Its book value is lesser than the real value
During the first year of the firm had to face loss due to
high interest burden and huge depreciation & thus it was
marked as under capitalized but than after its best effort it
captured both domestic & international market which helped
the company to overcome the problem of under
capitalization.
Thus we can conclude that KASUMA does not face any
problem of under or over capitalization.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The main difference between capitalization & capital
structure is in the word “TOTAL” & “PROPORTION”
Capitalization refers to the word total & capital structure to
proportion. Capital structure is decided with regard to debt &
equity. The question to proportion arises because if the
company issue only owned capital than it cannot satisfy the
main objective i.e. to maximize shareholders wealth & if the
company issues a very more part of borrowed capital than it
has to pay compulsory interest & it reduces the shareholders
wealth as it is charge on profits so the company has to chose
a mixture of debt & equity in such a way that it accomplishes
the objectives i.e. maximization of shareholders wealth.
Thus the mixture of debt & equity is known as Capital
Structure.
KASUMA’s Capital Structure is as follows:
Owned Capital
Equity shares – 1, 28, 06, 192
Borrowed Capital
Unsecured Loans – 35, 35,810
MANAGEMENT OF FIXED
ASSETS
Every business requires fixed assets for the running of
the business activities. Fixed assets are those which are fixed
and permanent in nature & they are used by business in its
control operation. In any manufacturing organization fairly a
large portion of corporation funds is invested in fixed assets
to generate healthy returns on investments. Thus it is
necessary that fixed assets are managed effectively &
efficiently.
The company maintains its fixed assets on standard
practice recommended by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI). The company is providing
depreciation as per straight-line method for the full year as
per rates given in Schedule 14 of the Companies Act, 1956
MANAGEMENT OF WORKING
CAPITAL
Definition
Management of working capital means the problem of
decision regarding availability of liquid funds for meeting the
day-to-day expenses in the working of the firm. The
management of current assets & the management of fixed
assets are important because the fate of most of the business
very largely depends upon the manner in which their working
capital is managed
Objectives of Management Working Capital
Maintenance of working capital at an appropriate level.
Availability of ample funds as & when they are needed.
The Net Working Capital can be found out as below:
Net Working Capital = Current Assets – Current
Liabilities
INVENTORIESDefinition
Inventories are stock of the product, which the company
is manufacturing for sale & components or raw materials that
make up the finished product. The various forms in which
inventories exist in a manufacturing company are –
Raw material
Work in progress
Finished goods
However the levels of three kinds of inventories for a
firm depend on the nature of its business. For a company
manufacturing consumer product, the inventory level will be
higher than that of a company manufacturing industrial
product. But question arise why there is need to hold
inventories.
General motives for holding inventories:
Transactions motive:
It emphasis the need to maintain inventories to facilitate
smooth production & sales operation.
Precautionary motive:
It is necessary to hold of inventories to guard against
the risk of unpredictable changes in demand and supply
forces & other forces.
Speculative motive:
It influences the decision to increase or reduce inventory
levels to take the advantage of price fluctuation.
Management of Inventories in KASUMA
This firm is maintaining the management of inventories.
However as the company is manufacturing industrial as well
as automotive products, the company’s main inventory is raw
material & other i.e. stock of finished product & semi finished
product are less in comparison to that of the consumer
industries. However a question arise in the company what
kind of raw materials are to be stocked as different raw
materials are needed for manufacturing different industrial
products as per customer drawing raw materials are needed
for manufacturing different industrial products as per
customer drawings. For this, the company has kept its eye on
needed of common raw materials & on very frequent orders
& accordingly it fixed some standards of that specific raw
material. If the stock or raw material is less than the
standards or it is nearby the standards the company gives
order promptly.
DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION
The company has not paid any dividend but the
company had ploughed back its profits for new expansions &
to double its production capacity.
PROFITABILITY
A company should earn profits to survive & grow over a
long period of time. Profits are essential. Profit is the
difference of the revenues & expenses over a period of time.
Profit is the ultimate output of the company. Therefore the
financial manager should continuously evaluate the efficiency
of its company in terms of profits.
LEVERAGE
The employment of an asset or source of funds for
which the firm has to pay a fixed cost or fixed return may be
termed as leverage. The earnings available to the
shareholders as also the risk are affected. If earnings less the
variable costs exceeds the fixed cost or earnings before
interest and taxes exceed the fixed return requirement, the
leverage is called favourable, which they do not, the result is
unfavourable leverage.
There are 2 types of leverage, operating and financial
leverage:
Operating leverage:
It may be defined as the firm’s ability to use fixed
operating cost to magnify the effects of changes in sales on
its earnings before interest and taxes.
Financial leverage:
It is defined as the ability of the firm to use fixed
financial changes in EBIT on the firms earning per share
(EPS).
OPERATING LEVERAGE
YEAR EBIT
03-04 35,45,00004-05 41,90,000
EBIT CHANGE
3545000 645000
100 ?.
= 18.19
YEAR SALES
03-04 7643200004-05 122469000
FINANACIAL LEVERAGE:
03-04:
= PROFIT AFTER TAX NO. OF SHARES
= 7350001100000
= EPS 0.67
04-05:
PROFIT AFTER TAX= NO. OF SHARES
= 9110001100000
= EPS 0.83
YEAR EPS
03-04 0.6704-05 0.83
EPS CHANGE
0.67 0.16100. (?)
= 23.88
From the following calculation we concluded that if 1%
changes in EBIT leads to 23.88% change in EPS.
RATIO ANALYSIS
(1) CURRENT RATIO:
CURRENT ASSETSCURRENT LIABILITY
03-04 : 2003229760243479
= 0.33
04-05 :
1253857745824811
= 0.27
As the ratio has decreased, the liquidity position
of the company has deteriorated.
(2) NET PROFIT RATIO:
NET PROFIT X 100SALES
03-04
735000 X 10076432000
= 0.96
04-05
911000 X 100122469000
= 0.74
DECREASE: Improper management.
FUTURE PLANS
KASUMA AUTO ENGG. (P) LTD has the following
future plans:
To acquire fully automatic CNC machine operated by
robots.
Expansion of machining department.
Expansion of factory premises.
To purchase more dimensions measuring instruments.
Kasuma is already undergoing the audit for ISO
9000:2000 /QS-TS 16949 certificate which they would
be acquiring by the end of March..
S. W. O. T AnalysisStrengths:
Cost Efficiency.International Standard Technology.Global Scale of Operations.Large Number of Product Range.Highly experienced, skilled and motivated Human Resources.Good contacts and personal relationship of the Managing Director with the leading automobile Companies.
Weakness:
Sales Promotion activities are quiet weaker in the Southern India.Lack of human resources for performing complicated and regular paper work.
Opportunities:
They can make their product range wider.They can still reduce the cost of production.
Threats:
Increasing Competition in local as well as international market.
Increase in the prices of the raw materials.
CONCLUSIONDuring my project work with KASUMA, I personally
experienced commitment of working to achieve
planned activities in the field of manufacturing,
Production, Administration, and other departments.
Company’s work is result oriented and provides their
efforts to get customer satisfaction and more
business.
During this project I also learnt the difference
between theoretical & practical knowledge. There is
vast difference between the two, in life theoretical
knowledge plays an important role in taking practical
decisions.
SUGGESTIONS
1. The production capacity should be utilized 98%
2. Require infrastructure for technological up-
gradation
3. Require more computerized more daily work by
incorporating softwares.
4. They should take frequently participation in
National/International industrial exhibition to
explore them to get more business.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Production Department: Chunawala Patel
Personnel Department : C..B.Mamoria [Personnel Management]
Marketing Department : Philip Kotler S.A.Sherlekar [Marketing
Management]
Finance Department : Khan & Jain Ravi Kishor
[Financial Management]