MINOR PROJECT REPORT

KARNATAKA – THE GARDEN CITY

PROJECT GUIDE:

SUBMITTED TO-

MR. JAGBIR ALHAWAT

(Lecturer)

Deppt of Business Administration

KESHAV SACHDEVA

0601495007

BBA(ttm) 3rd semester

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MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE

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AFFILIATED TO GGS INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY,DELHI

(An ISO 9001:2000 Certified institution, recognized by UGC u/f 2(f)

C-4 , Janakpuri , New Delhi 110058

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project has been possible through the direct and indirect cooperation of various people who bear the imprints of their efforts for my work.i take this opportunity to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of the people who helped me in the successful completion of this project report.

I would like to thank Ms. HERAMB NAYAK, lectures in Department of Business administration and Mr. Jagbir Alhawat for Their constant guidance and assistance which motivated me to give my best to the project report.I would also like to thak faculty member who provided me all the necessary information in completion of the project report.

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Keshav sachdeva

60/Msi/BBA (T&TM) 07

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project tittle “ Karnataka tourism” is a bonafied work carried out by “Keshav” 60/MSI/BBA(TTM) UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF “Jagbir Alhawat” Lecturer department of Business Administration. It is stated that work is original and the project has been submitted as per the course requirement.

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CONTENT

Chapter-1

Introduction

History of Karnataka

Basic facts

Chapter-2

Statistical figure of Tourism in Karnataka

Wildlife in Karnataka

Waterfalls in Karnataka

Chapter – 3

Famous temples and beaches in Karnataka

Hill stations in Karnataka

Art and Culture

Monuments in Karnataka

Chapter – 4

Recommendations and conclusions

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CHAPTER 1

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INTRODUCTION

Karnataka Tourist Map

Karnataka with its capital at Bangalore is the country's 8 th largest state. It is located at Deccan Plateau , and is surrounded by Maharashtra to the north, Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Kerala to the southwest, Andhra Pradesh to the east and Tamil Nadu to southeast.

Karnataka is popularly known for Carnatic Music through out the world but it has given much more to the world than this unique form of Classical Music. With its rich culture and traditional magnificence, it has attracted tourists from all parts of the world. It is among the world's most ancient civilizations and is home to two of the World Heritage Sites – Hampi and Pattadakal . The temples at Aihole, Badami and Pattadakal in Bijapur district are a must visit for all art lovers. The temples of Halebedu, Belur and Somanathapura are great and unique architectural achievements. Some other famous tourist spots in Karnataka include Jog Falls, Shivasamudra Falls, Abbi Falls, The Irrupu falls, Manikyandhara, Kallatti Falls and Chunchanakatte Falls.

The Hill Forts of Karnataka such as Nandi Hill, Savanadurga, Madhugiri, Pavagada, Midigeshi, Ucchangi, Jamalabad, Manzarabad, Kavaledurga, Chitradurga , Basavaraja Durga, Devagad, Kurmagad, Shahapur, Shorapur, Nargund fort, Parasgad and Vallabhgad forts are also very popular with tourists.

Karnataka's forests and wildlife are its priceless natural heritage. The State boasts of some of the largest jungle tracts in the south of the Vindhyas.

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History of Karnataka

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Karnataka, called as Karunadu (elevated land) in ancient times. The course of Karnataka's history and culture takes us back to pre-historic times. The earliest find of the stone age period in India was a hand axe at Lingasugur in Raichur district.

The Ashoka's rock edicts found in the state indicate that major parts of Northern Karnataka were under the Mauryas. Chandragupta Maurya, the great Indian emperor abdicated the throne and embraced Jainism at Shravanabelagola. Adding new dimensions to the cultural and spiritual ethos of the land, many great dynasties left their imprint upon the aesthetic development of Karnataka's art forms. Prominent among them were the Chalukyas, the Hoysalas and the mighty Vijayanagara Empire.

The Chalukyan's built some of the very early Hindu temples in India. Aihole turned up as an experimental base for the dynamic creations of architects. The Hoysala's who ruled from the 11th to the 13th century chiseled their way into the pages of glory by building more than 150 temples, each one is a master piece in its own way.

The amazing dexterity and fluidity of expressions at Somnathpur, Halebid and Belur open themselves to the wide eyed wonder in one's eyes. Vijayanagara, the greatest of all medieval Hindu empires and one of the greatest the world over, fostered the development of intellectual pursuits and fine arts. "The eye of the pupil has never seen a place like it and the ear of intelligence has never been informed that there existed anything to equal it in the world" is what Abdur Razaaq the Persian ambassador had to say about Krishnadevaraya's time. The Vijayanagara empire with its capital at Hampi fell a victim to the marauding army of the Deccan Sultan in 1565 A.D. As a consequence of this, Bijapur became the most important city of the region. This city is a land of monuments and perhaps no other city except Delhi has as many monuments as Bijapur. The Bahmani Shahis and the Adilshahis of Bijapur have played a notable part in the history of Karnataka by their contribution to the field of art and architecture and also by their propagation of Islam in the state.

Hyder Ali and his valiant son Tipu Sultan are notable figures in the history of the land. They expanded the Mysore kingdom on an unprecedented scale and by their resistance against the British, became personages of world fame. Tipu was a great scholar and

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lover of literature. His artistic pursuits were also many and he made rich gifts to the Hindu temples. Tipu Sultan "Tiger of Karnataka" was killed in 1799 A.D., and the Mysore throne was handed over to the Wodeyar's. The whole of Karnataka came under the control of the British in the beginning of the 19th century. The new state was named as new Mysore and the Maharaja of Mysore was appointed Governor by Independent India. This unified state was renamed as Karnataka on November 1, 1973.

Basic Facts 

Area : 192,000 Sq. Kms 

Population : 52.73 Million

(2001 census) 

State GSDP 2004-05 :    US $ 34.41 Billion 

GSDP Growth Rate % - 2005-06  8.7 % 

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Tourist Attractions in Karnataka Karnataka holds its charm in the intriguing mix of tourist attractions, which makes it favourite with the tourists across the globe.

The archaic monuments remind you of the glories of the past, when kings and emperors braved the battles and celebrated the victories in building palaces and temples. In the ruins of the colossal forts you can still listen to the drumbeats of the Indian history. In some other tourist attractions in Karnataka, nature has bestowed her choices gifts and revealed her eternal splendor for men to cherish.

Karnataka lays invitation for you to explore her treasure trove of awe-inspiring boulder-laden landscape, lush greenery spreading beyond the horizons and serene wilderness. Followings are some important tourist attractions in Karnataka:

Bangalore: The state capital is the hub of Information Technology in India. At the same time it is called the "Garden City" because of its manicured gardens. In and around the city, there are a number of tourist attractions namely: Bangalore Palace & Fort, Lal Bagh, Cubbon Park, Vidhana Soudha and many religious sites.

Mysore: The historical city had come to the forefront of Indian history a number of times. Pomp and pageantry are intricately woven into history and myths here. Some of the major tourist attractions in Karnataka: Mysore Palace, Chamundi Hills, Brindavan Gardens, Mysore Zoo are located in and around the city. Srirangapatna: This was the capital of Tipu Sultan, the famed King of Mysore. The island town encircled by river Cauvery today stands as a mute witness to many heroic battles fought between Indian kings.Sravanbelagola: Here is the world's tallest monolithic statue measuring 17 metres high - the statue of Gommateshwara. It a prime Jain pilgrimage destination.

Hampi: Once the mighty capital of the Vijayanagar Empire is today almost a deserted town. Crumbling ruins of places, temples, ruins of forts enliven the memory of a vibrant past.

Belur and Halebid: The nearby places known for the splendid temples built during Hoysala dynasty. The facades are filled with carvings of Elephants, sensuous dancers and episodes from the

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epics.Aihole: Once the capital of the Chalukya dynasty, the village, with some hundred temples around is known as the cradle of Indian temple architecture.

Chikmagalur: The picturesque destination has lofty peaks, racing rivers, sparkling streams and cascades. The balmy climate is sure to rejuvenate you.

Bandipur: Nesting in the foothills of the Nilgiris, Bandipur National Park is home to tigers, elephants, gaurs, leopards, chital, Sambar and a variety of birds. Besides, Karnataka has a number of scenic beaches Karwar, Marwanthe, Murudeshwar and Mangalore, which promise the charm of a soothing holiday. The rich tradition of music is also a strong pull for music lovers around the world.

CHAPTER 2

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Tourism of Karnataka

Bangalore is the capital city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is also known as the Garden City because of its many beautiful gardens and parks. Though the origin of Bangalore is ancient, the present-day city was founded in the 16th century and has since continued to be an important administrative center. Due to the high concenValley otration of IT industry, it also called the Silicon f India.

The other famous tourist attaractions in the state are the

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Channekeshava Temple at Belur, Hoyasaleswara temple at Halebid, Lord Bahubali (Gommateshwara)statue at Sravanabelgola. Other locations of historical significance include Gulbarga, Bijapur, Badami, Pattadakal, Somnathpur, Belgaum, Hampi and Mysore.

State Capital Bangalore

Population ('000s in 1991) 44,977

Area ('000 sq. km) 192

Females per 1000 males (1991)

960

Literacy rate (1991) 56

Ratio of urban population (1991)

30.9

Net Domestic Product (Rs. million at current prices in 1992-93)

291,220

Per Capita Income (Rs. at current prices in 1992-93)

6,313

Principal Language Kannad

Karnataka is situated on the western edge of the Deccan plateau and has for its neighbours Maharashtra and Goa on the north, Andhra Pradesh on the east, Tamil Nadu and Kerala on the south, and on the west it opens out to the Arabian Sea. It has an area of 191,791 sq km. Bangalore, nicknamed as the Silicon Valley of India, is the Capital of this southern state.

Karnataka has a written history of more than 2000 years. Apart from it being subjected to the rule of the Nandas, Mauryas, and the Satavahanas, Karnataka came to have indigenous dynasties like the Kadambas of Banavasi and the Gangas from the middle of the middle of the 4th century AD. The Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas and others also once ruled over it.

Divided into 27 districts, the state is well connected by roads, railways, air and waterways. Motorable roads are 1,37,520 lakh km in length while rail network is 3,192 km which includes broad gauge, metre gauge and narrow gauge. Bangalore, Belgaum, Mangalore and Hubli are the main airports. New Mangalore Port is the main all-weather

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seaport in Karnataka which mainly handles cargo vessels. It has a sea coast of nearly 400 km (300 with inundations).

The state has two legislative houses- the Legislative Assembly of 224 members and the Legislative a Council of 75 members.

Karnataka is predominantly rural and agrarian and has a population of 44,977,201. About 76% of its population lives in rural areas while about 71% of its working force is engaged in agricultural and allied activities which generate 49% of the state income

Among the agriculture crops, Karnataka accounts for 59% of the country’s coffee production and 47% of the country’s ragi production. The state is fifth in oilseed production.

On the industrial front, Karnataka contributes four per cent of the National production in the industrial sector, and 20% to the state income. Machine tools, aircraft, electronic products, watches and telecommunication equipment are some of the items produced. Important public sector units are Hindustan Aeronautics, Hindustan Machines Tools, Bharat Earth Movers, Bharat Electronics, Bhrat Heavy Electricals, Indian Telephone Industries and National Aeronautical Laboratory

The state is rich in mineral resources. Important minerals are high grade iron ore, copper, manganese, chromite china clay, limestones and magnesite. Karnataka has the distinction of being the main gold producing state in the country. It is the sole producer of Felsite and leading producer of moulding sand and Fuchsite Quartizite. The state has rich deposits of granite.

The state offers many tourist spots with a variety of parks, gardens and historical monuments. The garden city of Bangalore has been adjudged the cleanest city in India more than once. The famous huge granite structure Vidhana Soudha and the beautiful Cubbon Park and Lalbhag in Bangalore are great tourist attractions. The former princely capital Mysore with the Brindavan Gardens and Srirangapattana nearby; Sharavanabelgola where the famous monolithic statue of Gomateshwara, 57 feet high stands; Belur, Halebidu and Somnathpura with the famous Hoysala monuments; Badami, Aihole and Pattadkal for the 1,300 year old rock-cut and structural temples; Hampi, the famous open air museum (ancient Vijayanagar); Gulbarga, Bidar and Bijapur, renowned for their indo-saracenic monuments; Mangalore and Karwar for ports and beaches; Gokarna, Udupi, Dharmasthala, Melkote, Gangapura and Saundatti, are famous pilgrimage centres.

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Wildlife in Karnataka Agumbe

A winding ghat road and its spellbinding view ascends to an altitude of 826 m. Here lies Agumbe, situated around 32 km from Thirthahalli in Shimoga district. The site is noted for its alluring sunsets.

Viewed from a platform the many hues of twilight and the setting sun are at their best during the months of November, December and January.

Bandipur Wildlife Sacntuary

The Gaur. Part of the lushly-forested Deccan Plateau, Bandipur, in Karnataka, offers a rich and varied wildlife habitat. It is a part of a larger national park, which also includes the neighbouring wildlife sanctuaries, of Mudumalaiin Tamil Nadu and Wynad in Kerala. This sanctuary is one of the 15 sanctuaries selected across India for Project Tiger, a scheme launched in 1973, by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature, to save the tiger and its habitat.

Bannerghatta Wildlife Sanctuary

Established in 1971, the Bannerghatta National Park lies 22 kms. from Bangalore. Teeming with exotic species of wildlife, the park boasts of an astonishing variety of trees like sandal, jalari, chujjullu, neem, tamarind, zizyphus amongst others. The 104 sq km-park includes ten reserve forests of Anekal Range of the Bangalore Forest Division. It is surrounded by scenic hills, with many ancient temples perched on them.

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Nagarahole Wildlife Sanctuary

Nagarahole is derived from the combination of two Kannada words-'nagar' meaning snake and 'hole' meaning streams and true to its name a number of streams snake through its rich tropical forests.

Nagarahole is situated in the picturesque districts of Kodagu and Mysore in southern Karnataka. The Nagarahole National Park was first set up in 1955. In 1975 its area was increased to include a greater expanse of forest reserve.

Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary

When you take a holiday to Ranganthittu, you're treated to some glorious sights. Yes, the Sanctuary here is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts. Just glance around and you'll find a host of surprises.

Crocodiles basking under the sun, otters running free, flocks of birds gathered on tiny islands, all these make Ranganthittu a visual delight. And the excitement continues. Wherever you turn, you'll find exotic birds.

Hogenakkal Water Falls

This beautiful, quiet waterfall is 25 km from Dharmapuri and 80 km from Bangalore towards Salem. Here the Cauvery River enters the plains and the river dashing against the rocks is a great sight. Hogenakkal is a riverside spa where, according to its devotees, good health can be had for the asking. The sound of the Cauvery, roaring between rocky banks, is a constant presence in most places in Hogenakkal. The river, here flows through a wooded valley, splitting and merging and splitting again around rocks, and little islands with towering trees, and boulder-strewn out crops, which are covered only when the river is in spate with the rains of the monsoon. People cross the current-rippled waters in circular basket boats covered in buffalo hide or plastic.

Jog Water Falls

Jog (60 kms from Honnavar), a hamlet of Kargal village is famous for its magnificent waterfalls. It is Indias tallest water

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fall.The Sharavati river flowing over a rocky bed takes a spectacular leap from a height of 292 meters and divides into 4 smaller ones known as the Raja, Rani Rocket and Roarer presenting a glorious view.

Water Falls in KARNATAKA

Cauvery / Shivasamudram Waterfalls 

Full View: ShivanasamudraAbout 65kms, East of Mysore, you will find the tiny island town of Shivasamudram in Mandya district. Here the River Cauvery meanders to fall into cascading Shivasamudram Falls. This sparking waterfalls flows through the abundant sylvan forest of Karnataka in Deccan  Plateau,  plunges 320 feet into gorge into a spate, breaking into a cloud of misty foam. The falls are 893 metres wide.

In the Western Ghats of Kodagu district at Talacauvery, River Cauvery emerges and meanders to join the Rivers Harangi, Hemavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kapila creating number of waterfalls. At Shivasamudram also called Bluff or Simsha, this water falls has twin jumps, the Gagana Chukki or the Western falls and the Bara/Bhara Chukki or the Eastern falls.

Bharachukki: Shivanasamudra Monsoon season(during the month of July and August makes this waterfall swell to enormous proportion, when the river Kabini floods along with Cauvery creating

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a waterfall perhaps a thousand feet wide.The Hydro electric power stations is the first of its kind in Asia, in 1902, is still functional. It is been commissioned by the Diwan of Mysore, Sir K Seshadri Iyer.  The first town to receive the electricity from this station is Kolar Gold Fields, hence Kolar become the first town in Asia to get hydro electricity.

Trekking : One needs to trek 2kms through the lush greenery, along the banks of Cauvery to approach the falls. Sitting on the benches provided at the watch tower you can revel the beauty of the river plummet into a spray of mist.

One Day Trip : One can visit the Somanathpur Temple, Shivanasamuram, and then visit Talakak(35kms ) One can find accommodation and food at Talakad.

Best Visiting time : June to September ( the water falls looks full and gorgeous during this season). The climate is moderate entire year.

How to Reach: Nearest Railway Station : Mandhya district.Nearest Airport : Mysore Airport By Road : 65kms from Mysore. 139kms from Bangalore, 35kms from Talakad.

Jog Falls The Western Ghats gives rise to the Sharavati river that plunges from a height of 810feet in four magnificent cascades namely Raja, Rani, Rover and Rocket. Jog falls, being the talleest waterfalls in India is situated in the dense evergreen forests, 16kms from Talguppa nearest railway station, Shimoga district, Karnataka. You can also reach this falls en route National Highway 48 or 4. During Monsoons the Jog falls voluminous creating a spectacular sight with rainbows every now and then. One can take a adventurous walk at the bottom of the gorge when the sluice gaes of the Linganmakki dam are closed. The best time to visit the Jog is in winter when the sky is clear of the mist. How to Reach:  Nearest Railway Station: Thalaguppa, Shimoga district.Nearest Airport: Mangalore International AirportBy Road: National Highway number 206, From Bangalore 378kms, from Sarag 45kms, Siddapur 21kms  or Honnavar 56 kms

Abbey FallsKarnataka boasts of some scenic and exotic hill stations that are frequented by those seeking the green and serene. Among them one such location would be

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the Abbey falls. This waterfalls also known as the Abbi falls, is amidst of lush spread of coffee plantation and is located at about 10kms from the town of Madikeri, Western Ghats. The waters join the River Cauveri, proves to be the trekkers delight. The best time to visit will be during the monsoon when the waterfalls in full gush and also during the beginning of winter. Do watch out for the leeches during these times on the marshes of the falls. One can complete their tour by visiting the near by places i.e., the Iruppu Falls, Tadiandamol, Talakaveri (the origin of the River Cauveri), Bhagamandala How to Reach:  Nearest Railway Station: Madikeri Station, Kodagu district.Nearest Airport: Mangalore International AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 270 kms. From Nearest Town 10kms (Madikeri). Mangalore 136km, Mysore 129kms

Honnemaradu FallsHonnemaradu in Karnataka is situated in the Shimoga district which is about 25 kms from Sagara towards Jog Falls. Situated on the back waters of the Sharavathi River, Honnemaradu is famous for being the home to a wide variety of water sports. The shimmering waters under the blue firmament will cajole any water sports lover to venture into the lake and enjoy the adventures sports. Windsurfing, coracling, canoeing, kayaking and scuba diving are the various water activities people participate in when visiting Honnemaradu. Nestled in the greenery of the Western Ghats in a widely spread area of 50 km by 80 km that houses the lake, the reservoir is exclusively for those looking forward to have fun with water sports.

Best time to visit these places is in early Winter. How to reach: From Madikeri it is best to catch a local transport (jeep or taxi) to the coffee estate. From here it is a 10 minutes walk to the waterfalls through the coffee fields.Nearest Railway Station: Thalaguppa, ShimogaNearest Airport: Mangalore International AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 400kms, Thalaguppa 12kms

Lalguli FallsLalguli Falls in Karnataka located about 15 kms north of Yellapur, a plethora of thundering waterfalls plummeting down from great heights. Among the exotic waterfalls, in the Western Ghats rising to an average of 900m converges into the Nilgiri Hills and offers to Karnataka. This is the Kali river with plunges 250 ft. looking absolutely stunning throwing up a spray of misty clouds.  

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The season to visit this falls would be winter though monsoons provide the full force of water, it is better to avoid due to land slides. Watch out of leeches.  How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station:Yellapur, Uttara KannadaNearest Airport: Goa Dabolim AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 515kms, Yellapur – 15km, Kumta – 60km, Dabolim (Goa) – 220km

Nisargadhama Falls 

Nisargadhama is a beautiful island formed by the River Cauvery. This is situated 25kms from Madikeri, 2kms from Kushalnagar, in the Western Ghats. Nisargadhama is an island in Cauvery and to reach this island you have to cross a hanging bridge. The forest boasts of foliage, teak and rosewood, bamboo grooves. One may visit the mini zoo, the deer park and elephants and spend the nights in tree houses facilitates with resturant. The place is ideal for picnics and boat rides.  Tibetian settlements in Kushalnagar and Bylakuppe are seen with monastery between well developed lawns and small ponds are enchanting. Periodic chants and sound of bells add to the serenity of the place. The place is suited with its appropriate name. How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station: KushalnagarNearest Airport: Mangalore AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 270 kms, for Kushalnagar 2 kms, from Madikeri 25 kms.

Hebbe FallsAmong the exotic hill stations at Kemmangundi are the beautiful Hebbe Waterfalls in Karnataka that cascade down from great heights. It is in Chikamagalur district in West Karnataka, 8 hour drive from Bangalore. Kemmangundi hill station is said to be the summer retreat for the erstwhile Wodeyar ruler, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. It has beautifully laid gardens, magnificent mountain ranges and splendid valleys, and is an excellent visual treat for the tourists. One can take 8k ms trek to reach the Hebbe falls.  This falls is created by the waters from the mountains. It plunges cascades down from 250 feet to Dodda Hebbe and Chikka Hebbe, in 2 stages.  The nearest town is Tarikere which is about 35kms from Kemmangundi. Other places of interest would be the Kalhatta giri falls.  

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How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station: Tarikere stationNearest Airport: Bangalore International AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 300 kms.

Iruppu Falls Originating from the Brahmagiri Range, the river Lakshmana Theertha plungess down from a height of 170 ft. forming the Iruppu Water falls. It creates a ceaseless thunder amidst the silence of the thick wood in two stages. It is located 50kms from the NagarahoLe National Park and about 50kms from Madikeri, South Karnataka about 300kms for Bangalore. The other places of interest nearby are Brahmagiri peak, a place called pakshi-pataLa (Brahmagiri Wild life Santuary)  This waterfall is also known as LakshmaNa teertha falls. En route to the Iruppu Falls in Karnataka you will come across the Rameshwara Temple, serene among the vibrant nature. The temple attracts a large number of pilgrims during Shivaratri. Nearest town for all amenities will be Srimangala. How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station: SrimangalaNearest Airport: BIABy Road: From Bangalore 260 kms, Mysore 120 kms, Virajpet 48 kms

Kalhatta Giri Falls About 10kms from Kemmangundi, Kalhatti Falls is mesmerizing offering an excellent view of the cascading water from the Chandra Drona Hill from 45m above in front of the Veerabhadreshwara Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is in Chikamagalur district in West Karnataka, 8 hour drive from Bangalore. Kemmangundi hill station is said to be the summer retreat for the erstwhile Wodeyar ruler, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. It has beautifully laid gardens, magnificent mountain ranges and splendid valleys, and is an excellent visual treat for the tourists.How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station: TarikereNearest Airport: BIABy Road: From Bangalore 245 kms, Mangalore 150 kms, Tarikere 35 kms, Kemmangundi 10kms

Magod Falls About 80kms from Karwar is the Magod falls River Bedti gushes down in two leaps offering a beautiful view and the wooded area offers an ideal picnic spot. The beautiful falls amidst dense growth of evergreen forests plummets down into a rocky ravine from a height of 650 ft. Magod Falls Karnataka can be reached by

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road comfortably in sturdy vehicles, keeping in mind the mountainous terrains required to traverse. It is about 19 km from Yellapur and 60 km from Kumta.On the way to this waterfall you will find nice lake called "Kavade Kere" of about 60acres area.Trip to Magod Falls in Yellapur taluq in North Kanara district in North West Karnataka will also be an opportune moment to visit the nearby sites like Jenukallugudda (honey rock hillock) where you can watch the mesmerizing sunset and Kavadikere (8km from Yellapur), a beautiful large lake.  How to Reach:Nearest Railway Station: YellapurNearest Airport: Goa Dabolim AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 520kms, Karwar 100kms, Goa 205kms, yellapur 19kms.

Sathodi Falls Sathodi Falls in Karnataka is about 32 kms form Yellapur. Close to Sirsi in Uttar Kananda there are many streams that join together in the Kallaramane Ghat and cascade into a 15m picturesque Sathodi falls. It further joins the backwaters of Kodasalli dam that is built over the Kali River. This is popularly called as the Mini Niagara forms a part of the Ganeshgudi forest range. other places of interest are Magod, Ganesh Gudi, Yellapur. This falls is about 500kms from Bangalore. Early winter and late monsoon season will be the best time to visit this place.How to reach:Nearest Railway Station: YellapurNearest Airport:Goa Dabolim AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 535 kms, Kumta 72kms, Goa 225kms, yellapur 32kms.

Unchalli Falls

The picturesque Unchalli Falls close by Uttara Kannada is famous for its Unchalli (Lushington) Falls was discovered by J.D. Lushington in 1845, a district collector of the British Government. Aghanashini river creates this water cascade which screams down from a height of about 450 feet. It is near Yellapur (19 km. away) in Uttara Kannada also called `Mini Niagara', Keppa Falls is another name for its unique sound. Cascading from a height of 170 feet, it is famous for its spread and shape. This falls must be visited in July-August when it will be in full bloom. Trekking 5 km from the Heggarne village along the dense forests can be an exciting experience. The steep mountain slopes and tracks,  deep gorges, chilly breeze and the amazing flora and the rare avian species accompany you until you reach the roaring Unchali Falls plummeting down. How to reach: Siddapura Taluk in North Kanara by road Nearest Railway Station: Sirsi town. Nearest Airport:Goa Dabolim AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 400 kms, Sirsi 25kms.

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Chunchanakatte Falls

Chunchanakatte Falls is part of the river Kaveri, Krishnaraja Nagar taluk of Mysore district. It is famous for the Kodanda Rama temple on the banks. It is believed that Goddess Sita took a bath in this holy waters at Dhanuskoti thus rendering a tumeric tinge to the water. There will be Brahma Rathotsava (car festival) during January 15th of every year.A holy dip in the river could be considered but one must take caution of the high current during monsoons. A big cattle festival will be held during August. . Besides the picturesque falls this place boasts of greenery and migratory birds. There is an Hydral power station nearby. The power plant was started during 1994 and completed (two units) during 1998. The power station has got a capacity of 18MW (9 MW each). Kappadi kshetram, another holy place located nearby. Nearer to K.R.Nagar there is Arkeswara swamy temple located at the outskirt which is worth visiting. This temple is also located on the banks of river Kaveri.   Best time to visit this falls is during January-February.How to reach: Only road transport possible. Private and Government transport available to Chunchanakatte from K.R.Nagar.Nearest Railway Station: MysoreNearest Airport:Mysore Airport, Bangalore International AirportBy Road: From, Bangalore 140kms,Mysore 54kms, K.R.Nagar 14kms

Shiv Gange  Falls Shiv Gange Waterfall is situated on the border of threee taluks of North Kanaradistrict(Sirsi, Yellapur, Ankola). The water falls plunges from about 200ft, providing a picturesque view and pleasand trek. In the middle of the river is Ganesha temple, on the upstream. On can take the deviation before walking down the valley to view the fall. Forest Department has set up observation point from there one can get a good view of the waterfall. One needs to carry their own rations and tea shops are available en route. It is dangerous to try to get into the water.Other places of interest nearby would be Jog, Unchalli, Honnemaradu Best Time during and after monsoon, Early Winter How to reach: At about 40kms away from SirsiNearest Railway Station: Sirsi town.Nearest Airport:Mysore AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 400 kms,  Sirsi 40kms, Vaanali 12+kms.

Burude  FallsBurude means the skull in Kannada (language of Karnataka people) 

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This waterfalls is around 20+kms for Siddaput and 55kms from Sirsi on siddapur-Kumta road. One needs to trek through a small creek to reach the falls in summer. In winter and monsoon it becomes almost impossible to access the valley and falls.Hundreds of people watch the spectacular view of waterfalls from an stage setting. The mist adds to the scene. The other side of the waterfalls will need some serious climbing. The last stretch of the water fall may be heard. This requires 2 day stay.  Best time to visit is winter and early summer.  How to reach: On the way to Kumta from Siddapur after Kyadagi (1+kms) you will get down at iLimane cross and take a walk for 5+kms to reach the waterfall.Nearest Railway Station: Siddapur town.Nearest Airport: Mysore AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 450 kms, Siddapur 20kms, Sirsi 45kms.

Benne Hole FallsThis glorious water falls is formed from the tributary of river “Aghanashini”, which flows in the Devimane Ghats region of the Western Ghats. The height of the falls is about 200ft. Benne Hole means big stream in Kannada. About 21kms from Sirsi to Kumta is place called Kasage, which is 6kms from the waterfalls. One needs to take the path towards Hosur. The falls is 2kms walk from this route. How to reach:From Kasage en route Kumte from Sirsi. 5kms before Ragi HosalliNearest Railway Station: Sirsi town.Nearest Airport: Mysore AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 440 kms,  Sirsi 26kms

Chunchi Falls For those who want a short break from their hectic schedule, Chunchi falls will be ideal one day outing. The waterfalls from the river Arkavati, about 90kms from Bangalore city. It is en route to Mekedatu and Sangama. Sangama is a place where 3 rivers join. Bus service is available to all the places. Walking along the river is pleasant experience. Mekedatu is a rocky valley where the river flows surrounded by forest.  You may find lot of people visiting this falls on holidays and weekends due to its proximity to the city.   How to reach:From Kanakapura  to en route to Sangama you have to take a left turn to the Yeleguri village to go to this waterfall. The waterfall is about 6km away from the deviation.Nearest Town: KanakapuraNearest Airport: Bangalore International  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 90 kms

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Sirimane Falls This enchanting falls as its name suggests is nature bounty. It is 5ks distance from the place Kigga near Sringeri, Western Ghats. Best season for visiting would be just after the rainy season.Because of its easy accessability for one day goers, it is crowded most of the time.One can club their visit to the other locations like Narasimha Parvata, Aagumbe, Sringeri temple, Uluve bird Sanctuary.  Best season for visiting would be just after the rainy season.  How to reach: Sirimane falls is 5kms from Kigga in Chikmagalur district Nearest Railway: SringeriNearest Airport: Bangalore International  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 300 kms, Kigga Chikmagalur 5kms, Sringeri 22kms

Bandaaje Arbi This waterfalls(Arbi in Kannada) is near Dharmasthala in South Kanara, Western Ghats. Few kms from Mundaaje, Arbi  plunges at height of 200ft. One can view the Ballalarayana Durga from the path atop the waterfalls. The falls can be reached from Sunkasaale and the Ballalarayana Durga. How to reach: By road, 25+Kms from Dharmasthala in South Kanara district.Nearest Railway: DharmastalaNearest Airport: Mangalore  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 350 kms

Waate Halla / Hole Falls  This falls is created by the tributary of Aghanashini River. It is situated 30 kms from Sirsi town, Western Ghats. The waterfalls plunges from about 100ft. Waate meaning river side bamboo, which is found here in abundance.  Halla meaning pit. Hole meaning pond. This place is close to Unchalli fall, Benne hole falle, Yana. How to reach: Bus ride from Sirsi which goes to HaggaraNi, get off at  Nilakunda. 3kms walk to the valley, where one has to climb down to reach the Waate HaLLa fallsNearest Railway: SirsiNearest Airport: Mangalore  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 430 kms

Vibhooti FallsVibhooti is a small waterfalls near Yana, about 50kms from Sirsi North Kanara, Western Ghats. The falls gets its name from the Lime Stone rock nearby. After we pass the Vaddi

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Ghats we need to take a deviation at a place called Mabagi which is about 3kms from the falls.Other places of interest would be Yana, Unchalli, Benne hole falls.             How to Reach: By road from Sirsi which goes to Mattighatta,Devanalli via Hegadekatta.You will not get a bus which takes you near the waterfall you will have to walk the Vaddi Ghat after you get down at Vaddi cross or YanaNearest Railway: SirsiNearest Airport: Mangalore  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 400 kms

Alekan Waterfalls Alekan or alekhan falls is one the way to Kottigehara from CharmaDi. Its just next to the road before 4kms from Kottigehara. This water just next to a small bus stop by name 'alekhan horatti'. Since being both very easily accessible and immensly beautiful it attracts people. Other places are Bale Kallu Gudda.                      How to Reach: Alekan falls is around 18+kms from charmaDi ghats in Chikamagalur Hegadekatta.A walk to the Vaddi Ghat after you get down at Vaddi cross or YanaNearest Railway: ChickmangalurNearest Airport: Mangalore  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 350 kms

Dondole Falls DonDole waterfalls is a nice water falls which is around 20+kms from a place called Kakkinje which is just 3kms before CharmaDi from Ujire, in the Chickamagalur District.  After leaving the Kakkinje one gets a breathtaking view of the BanDaje Arbi and the Ballala rayana durga.One can enjoy the forest and also may see a bison, or two, also wonderful birds, butterflies.Other place of interest are Bale kalu gudda. After destroying Western Ghats for roads, mines and huge power plants, Government has come up with a new idea to continue the destruction of the forests, the mini hydro electricity projects. Soon, other falls like Bandaje, Koosalli, Irpu and Kudlu Theertha will follow the suit. How to Reach: Dondole falls is around 20+kms from Kakkinje near charnadi in South Kanara district . From Dharmasthala to charmaDi (18kms) can be the starting point to visit the place around.Nearest Railway: UjreNearest Airport: Mangalore  AirportBy Road: From Bangalore 350 kms

Muthyala Madu/Pearl Valley 

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This lovely picnic spot is an hours drive from Bangalore about 40kms. Its in the periphery of Banneraghatta National Park.Head out on Banneraghatta road, continue beyond Banneraghatta National Park and reach Anekal. The Muthyalamaduvu Falls or the Pearl Valley Falls is a gushing stream cascading down from a height of 92 m. The drops of water strewn across the rock surface on impact lend the appearance of scattered pearls. Hence the name. The fall, its sereneambience and the lush green valley is a huge draw for visitors.Overlooking these falls is a small shrine dedicated to Shiva, adding a religious touch to the place. 

Forts

No tourist survey is complete without mentioning about Karnataka's historical forts. The whole range of ancient capitals of Bidar, Gulbarga, Bijapur, Vijayanagara, Badami, Basava Kalyan, Srirangapattan, Keladi, Chitradurga, Mysore, etc. had their forts. There are hill forts at the

Nandi Hill (Kolar district) Savanadurga (Bangalore district) Madhugiri Pavagada Midigeshi (Tumkur district) Ucchangi near Davanagere (Bellary district) Sandur (Bellary district) Jamalabad in Dakshina Karnataka Manzarabad near Sakleshpur (Hassan district)

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Kavaledurga (Shimoga district) Chitradurga Shahapur (Gulbarga district) Shorapur (Gulbarga district) Nargund fort built by Shivaji (Dharwad district) Parasgad and Vallabhgad forts (Belgaum district), also raised by

Shivaji.

Bangalore, Devanahalli, Magadi (Bangalore district), Aymangala in Chitradurga district, Chikbanavar in Hassan district, Belgaum have fortifications round part of the towns even now. The coastal island forts like Bahadurgad, Basavaraja Durga, Devagad and Kurmagad are as strong as they were in the heydays.  

 

Trekking in Karnataka

Karnataka provides paradise for trekkers on the Western Ghats section. There are many more places with numerous waterfalls, rocky terrains, national park

reserves along the Kaveri basin, Bandipur and Nagarhole reserves etc. Aagumbe (Narasimha Parvata)

Aagumbe provides the best sunset scenery. This peak is situated in the South Kanara in Western Karnataka. It belongs to the Kudremukh National Park. Look out for the Barkana falls and the View point offers us splendid view of the Western Ghats.

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Jogigundi a good camping area, brings the view of the stream forming a waterfall.

Getting Here

From Bangalore, taking a bus to Sringeri , you need to get down at a place called Kigga.There are two ways to reach the peak, one from Sirimane Waterfalls and the other is from Narasimha Parvatha. The other interesting location is the Koodlu Teertha.

1. 350Kms for Bangalore in Shimoga district in North West Karnataka. 2. 16+ kms from Shringeri

Best Time to Visit : December, January

Climate : Sunny with showers through out.

Tourist Information : Since Aagumbe belongs to Kudremukh National Park reserve you will be asked to pay the entry fee and need permission to stay here. Prepare for a rainy and sunny weather, with enough drinking water supplies.

Edakumeri

This is situated in the dense green forest rightfully called as the Green Route from Sakalesh Pura to the Subramanya Railway station. The railway track stretches through the think forest for about 52+kms with 50 odd tunnels and bridges along. Trek route takes to Edaku’meri for one night stay. Another night at Donigal.

Places to visit near by are Kukke Subramanya, Kumar Parvatha, Sakalesh Pura.

Getting Here1. 300+kms from Bangalore. 2. 30+ kms from Subramanya. 3. 20+ kms from Sakalesh Pura.

Best time to visit : End of September to Early March.Climate : Sunny with showers.Tourist Information :To avoid odd hours to track on the rail route, begin trek from Subramanya or Donigal.

Kudremukh in Chikamangalur District

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Kudremukh as the name suggest it has a face of a horse, boasts of very rich biodiversity and wildlife.Trek starts from Samse, Lobo mane, Shola. . Kaikamba is a place between beLtangaDi and Navoor, Killur. This route converges with the other at Lobo house.this is another route. Jamalabad fort, a fort built by Tipu Sultan near Navoor is 1700kms from sealevel is another landmark.Getting Here

1. 300kms from Bangalore.

Best time to visit : End of September to Early MarchClimate : Sunny with showers.Tourist Information : This whole area is inside the Kudremukh National Park so no one allowed to camp inside the National Park and will have to follow the guidelines of the authorities

Resources :

2. From Nearest Town Kudremukh Colony 3. Nearest Hotel: Samse.

Kurinjal in South Kanara District

This peak in 20kms from Kudremukh colony. The trek route takes us to Bhagavati forest check post, Village called Mala. Deep into the jungle typical to Western Ghats. One will find an old Receiver Station which is abandoned. Watch out for wild bisons.Nature camp, Bhagavati, Hanman Gundi, Kudremukh Sutanabbe falls are some of the land marks.Getting Here:

1. 300kms from Bangalore.

Best time to visit : End of September to Early March.Climate : Sunny with showersTourist Information : This whole area is inside the Kudremukh National Park so no one allowed to camp inside the National Park and will have to follow the guidelines of the authorities.

Resources :

2. From Nearest Town Kudremukh Colony 3. Nearest Hotel: Samse

Kodachadri Hosa Nagar taluq in Shimoga District

It is believed that 'Shankaracharya' did meditation at this peak and a 'Sarvajna Peetha' at the top. Agastya teertha , a waterfall is enroute to the peak. You can also have a golden glimpse of the Arabian sea for a moment. Getting Here

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1. 300kms from Bangalore. 2. 20+kms from Kollur

Best time to visit : October to Early March.Climate : Sunny with showers.Tourist Information : The route will take you inside dense forest it is advisable to take help from locals and not to venture at night. Resources:

3. From Nearest Town Kollur 20kms Tadiyandamol in Virrajpet taluk in Coorg

The peak is the highest in Madikeri district adjacent to Makutta forest. ‘Nalku Naadu Aramane” an old palace is situated here. This is an one day trek. Bhagamandala, Madikeri, Abbey falls, Nagara hole are the landmarks on this trek. Getting Here

1. 250kms from Bangalore. 2. 30+kms from Virrajpet town

Best time to visit: Early winterClimate :Misty showersTourist Information: Though the place boasts of thick forest, caution on trekking routes. Be prepared to encounter leeches at the marshy soils. Resources:

3. From Nearest Petrol Bunk: 20kms (Napoklu) 4. Nearest Medical Help: ~20kms (Kakkabbe) 5. Nearest Hotel: ~50kms(Vir raj pet)

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CHAPTER 3

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Festivals of Karnataka

Dasara

Dasara is the festival of celebrating women power. Chamundeshwari is the personification of courage, strength and power. Praying to her is believed to help one to be blessed with all these qualities, especially during Dasara. When the male gods failed to destroy the demon, it was the Devi who stood up to the occasion.

Ganesha Chaturthi

Ganesha Chaturthi or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati, resurrected to life on earth with the head of elephant. It is celebrated as it is the birthday of Lord Ganesha.. It is also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi or Vinayaka Chavithi in Sanskrit, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu, Chavath in Konkani and as Chathaa in Nepal Bhasa. This festival is observed in the lunar month of bhadrapada(aHindu month), shukla paksha chathurthi (fourth day of the waxing moon period).  madhyahana vyapini purvaviddha.  Typically, the day falls sometime between August and September . The festival lasts for 10 days, ending on Ananta Chaturdashi. Ganesha Shlokas

Gowri Festival

Gowri Habba or festival is celebrated a day before Ganesh Chaturthi. It is a significant festival in parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu. Goddess

Gowri, wife of Lord Shiva, the mother of Lord Ganesha and Lord Subramanya is worshiped through out India for her ability to bestow upon her devotees power, courage, valour. She is the most powerful of all the Goddess and is the very incarnation of Aadhi Shakthi Mahamaya. It is believed that on the thirteenth day Thadige of the month of Bhaadrapada Goddess Gowri is welcomed at her patents’ house. The next day Lord Ganesha, her son comes as if to take her back to Kailasa. The Swarna Gowri vratha is performed on the occasion, to appease the Goddess.

Krishna Janam Ashtami

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The Lord Krishna, the eighth avthar of Vishnu.His birthday falls on the Ashtami of Krishna

Paksha or the 8th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Shravan Masa. Popularly known as Janam Ashtami or Krishna Jayanthi.

Mahashivaratri: A night of vigil for Lord Shiva

All over India, Mahashivaratri occurs on the 14th night of the new moon during the dark half of the month of Phalguna. On a moonless night in February every year, occurs the night of Shiva, the destroyer. This is the night when he is said to have performed the Tandava or the dance of primordial creation, preservation and destruction.

Naga Panchami

Panchami habba or Festival  is one of the auspicious day for Hindu women. India, the land of  cobra, and snake charmers as it is famous for, has  special reverence to the snakes. The serpents are associated with many Gods in the Hindu mythology.

UgadiIt is believed that the creator of the Hindu pantheon, Lord Brahma started the work of creation on this day - Chaitra suddha padhyami or Ugadi day. Also the great Indian Mathematician Bhaskaracharya's calculations proclaimed this day as the start of a new year, new month and new day from sunrise. Ugadi is celebrated with festive fervor in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.Vara Mahalakshmi Mahalakshmi is the goddess of wealth, auspiciousness and prosperity. She is worshipped for healthy progeny, as well as the health and long life of the husband. Vratha is observed on a Friday that falls before the full Moon day of the month of Shravanamasa (August - September).

Beaches in Karnataka

Karnataka has a 320 km long coastline, dotted with numerous beaches, that beckon invitingly to those craving for some respite, from the maddening grind of urban life. The serenity and unspoilt charm of the area, coupled with the spontaneity of the coastal folk, and their delectable cuisine is just overwhelming.

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Karwar

Karwar is situated just 100 km from Goa makes a good starting point, for the voyage of discovering the thrills of the sea, sand and sun. Karwar has all the makings of a perfect holiday with gentle waves, palm-laced beaches, silver sand, and calm,

peaceful alleys. Once an important trade centre, this charming town is complemented by glorious weather and an excellent beach which is said to have inspired Rabindranath Tagore to pen his first play. For wildlife lovers, the Dandeli Game Park is just 157 km away. Major attractions of this place include the Sadashivgad Hill fort with a Durga temple, the unique Octagonal Church, and the 300 year old Venkataramana Temple, that houses some fine ochre paintings. It is 525 kms From Bangalore/100 kms from Goa. It can be approached by road and rail from Ba ngalore.      -- back to top --

Marwanthe

Marwanthe is a unique seaside town, where the West Coast Highway cruises along with the Arabian Sea on one side, and the river Sauparnika rushes against a verdant mountainous backdrop on the other. It is 110 km north of Mangalore and has a scenic beach. Baindur is a small town, 45 km from Maravanthe. It has a beautiful beach nearby. Ottanane near Baindur is famous for its glorious sunset.Watersports and beach resorts promise an enjoyable holiday here. Maravanthe is 525 kms from Bangalore and 110 kms from Mangalore. It can be approached by road and rail from Bangalore and Mangalore.      -- back to top --

Malpe

This beach is 66 km north of Mangalore and 6 km from Udupi.Malpe with its sheltered harbour makes a quiet beach retreat, just six kilometres away from Udupi, the temple town, renowned for a fascinating idol of

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Lord Krishna. It is a popular picnic spot due to the pristine beauty and peaceful surrounding of its virgin beach. The endless stretch of golden sand, swaying Palm trees, clear blue sky and the gurgle of the sea attracts tourists to this spot. Between October - January is the best time to visit this place. The St Mary's Island is another delightful holiday destination. It is just a boat ride away. Close to Malpe is Ullal, yet another beach resort, the silvery beaches of which command breathtaking views of the sunset, especially, when viewed through the casuarina groves. Malpe is 392 kms from Bangalore and 66 kms from Mangalore. It can be approached by road and rail from Bangalore and Mangalore.      

Murudeshwar

This picturesque place is situated 16 km from Bhatkal. Bounded by the shimmering sea and rolling hills, this place is a favourite tourist spot. It is known for the gorgeous temple perched on a hillock by the shore. The temple which embodies a Linga is believed to have erupted when Ravana flung the cloth covering the Atmalinga at Gokarna while lifting it. As one ascends the hillock, there is a shrine of Jattiga seated on a horse. There is a huge fort behind the temple, said to have been renovated by Tipu. The place can be visited all the year round. Murdeshwara is 386 kms from Bangalore/ 151 kms from Karwar. It can be approached by road and rail from Bangalore and by road from Karwar.       --

Mangalore

Mangalore is located near the back waters formed by the convergence of the rivers Netravathi and Gurupur and derives its name from the presiding deity Mangladevi, the Godess of fortune. The city has a healthy mix of cultures working harmoniously. Though the city is growing as a major

commercial hub, it has retained a certain old-world charm. Mangalore is 357 kms from Bangalore. It can be approached by road and rail and air from Bangalore.       [

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Hill Stations in Karnataka Nandi Hills:

60 kms north of Bangalore is the summer resort called Nandi Hills. Also known as Nandidurga, it was one of the summer retreats of Tipu Sultan.

Nandi Hills was popular with the British too who built bungalows and laid out gardens here.

Today of course, it's a hot favourite among Bangaloreans who find this an ideal get-away for weekends. The 1478-m high Nandi Hills is the originating point of many rivers.

Kermana Gundi:In the Tarikere Taluk of Chikmaglur District is a picturesque hamlet - Kemmanugundi, also called K.R.Hills, after the Wodeyar king Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, who made it his favourite summer camp.

Situated on the Baba- Budan range at a height of 1,434 m, Kemmanugundi is the ideal place to get away from the heat and dust, the crowds and traffic jams of the cities.

Madikeri:Madikeri is a picturesque, charming town situated at an elevation of over 5,000 ft (1,525 m) above sea level. The cool bracing wind whips the hair about your face as you ramble along streets that dip and rise delightfully.

Breathtaking views surprise you unexpectedly. Beautiful women smile at you from pretty cottages as you sniff appreciatively the heady fragrance of coffee blossoms.

Biligiri Hills:120 kms from Mysore and 247 kms from Bangalore, the Biligirirangana range of hills is picturesquely situated between the Cauvery and the Tungabhadra rivers.

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At a height of 5,091 ft above sea level, this hill stretches from north to south for about 16 kms. Surrounded by deciduous trees, the forests are teeming with wildlife.

Biligiri Hills:120 kms from Mysore and 247 kms from Bangalore, the Biligirirangana range of hills is picturesquely situated between the Cauvery and the Tungabhadra rivers.

At a height of 5,091 ft above sea level, this hill stretches from north to south for about 16 kms. Surrounded by deciduous trees, the forests are teeming with wildlife.

Kudremukh:The Horse-Face Hill Station 95 kms south-west of Chikmaglur town is the Kudremukh (Horse Face) range, so named because of the unique shape of the Kudremukh Peak.

Overlooking the Arabian Sea, the broad hills are chained to one another with deep valleys and steep precipices. As yet 'undiscovered' by tourists, Kudremukh is a secluded hill station, which retains much of its pristine, natural beauty.

Kudremukh:The Horse-Face Hill Station 95 kms south-west of Chikmaglur town is the Kudremukh (Horse Face) range, so named because of the unique shape of the Kudremukh Peak.

Overlooking the Arabian Sea, the broad hills are chained to one another with deep valleys and steep precipices. As yet 'undiscovered' by tourists, Kudremukh is a secluded hill station, which retains much of its pristine, natural beauty.

Art & Culture

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Karnataka, known as "the priceless gift of indulgent nature", is a unique blend of a glorious past and a rich present. Karnataka is the sixth largest state in India.It is the only state in India where gold is found.It is the land of silk and sandal, of coffee and cardamom, of the 17m statue of Jain Saint Gomateshwara and of the enchaning sculptural wealth of Belur and Halebid of the historical ruins of Hampi and monuments of Bijapur; it is the land that gave India engineer-statesman Sir M Visvesvaraya and the great generals General Cariappa and General Thimmaiah. To the composite culture of India, the contribution of Karnataka, is in no way inferior to that of any other region of India. In fact, in many fields, Karnataka's contribution far exceeds that of the other regions individually. This is specially so in the fields of are, music, religion, and philosophy.Karnataka, the "Lofty land" is bounded by Andhra Pradesh in the east, Maharashtra in the north and Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the south. A long coastline hedged by miles and miles of tall, waving, palmgroves frames this pretty land. The majority of the state lies on the Deccan Plateau. Bangalore is the state capital. Karnataka boasts a diverse flora and fauna, which make it a nature tourist's paradise. The state's long and colourful history, and the many forts, temples, mosques, and churches make it a great place to explore.Garden city Bangalore, Jog Falls,the beaches of Karwar and Malpe, Golgumbuz in Bijapur, the stone temples of Belur and Halebid, Mysore Palace, the list is endless.

Art & Architecture:Chalukyan Dynasty from 450 to 650 A.D, made a great contribution to the enrichment of Karnataka in the form of development of architectural wonders, notable amongst them being the temples at Aihole (Brahman temple design), Patta Dakal (North Indian Nagari principle) and Badami. Influence of Jainism of the Jain temples built in Karnataka can be seen at Badami. The contribution of the Hoysala dynasty, four centuries later, in the field of Art and Architecture is no less. For example, temples at Belur, Halebid and Somnathpur, with a star shaped plan of the base and the shrine, bell shaped towers and extensively carved entrance and interiors, became a distinctive hall mark of this dynasty's temples.          Vijaynagar king's contribution to the advancement of Hinduism and distinct from of temple architecture seen mostly in their capital Hampi was no less. The temples of these times, blended with the rocky, boulder-ridden landscape of Hampi. The Muslim influence on Karnataka's art and architecture is no less.

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One can see features like - domes, minarets etc., in the world's second largest dome the "Gol Gumbaz, fort at Gulbarga, Bidar, Dargaha of Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gisudiraz, Gulbarga, Madrasah of Mohammed Gawan & Barid Shahi tomb complex at Bidar, to name a few.

Dance, Drama & Music :Open air folk theatre or "Bayalata" of Karnataka is a famous dance form. This dance is performed at religious festivals and family celebrations. It usually starts at night and continues till the wee hours of the morning. This dance-drama usually has four or five actors/actresses, assisted by a jester. The theme in these is usually mythological but sometimes real life incidents are also highlighted."Doddata" is a less refined dance form than Yakshaganna. In both these dance forms, stories from "Ramayana" and "Mahabharta" are enacted. The costumes are elaborate, the make-up is loud, facial expression are vigorous and are accompanied with loud noises and war-cries.

The People :The total population of Karnataka is 4,49,77,201. The Kannadigas, as they are locally known, are famous for their hospitality and friendly and cultured attitude towards visitors. The people of Karnataka are accommodating, often, to a fault. Violence is a rare phenomenon, for the people are peace loving.Karnataka possesses a rich cultural heritage. The folk theatre has an ancient and rich tradition, the two principal forms being Yakshagana and the puppet theatre. Sravanabelagola, near Mysore, has a giant 1,000-yr-old stone statue of Bahubali, the Jain saint. Huge monolithic Jain statues are peculiar to the Kannada culture. 'Yakshagana' is akin to Kathakali of Kerala in the choice of its elaborate costumes and vigorous dancing. 'Bhootada Kunita' (Dance of the Divine Cult), 'Nagamandala' and the demon dance are some quaint rituals prevalent only in Dakshina Kannada coastal area.

The Lifestyle :As major part of the State is rural, the people live a very simple life. The cities however, present a different picture, being more modern, fast and cosmopolitan in nature. Kannada is the main language spoken, read and written. In urban areas, one can get by with the knowledge of English and Hindi.

The Religions :As in most states of India, the population here is predominantly Hindu. Followers of Saivism, Vaishnavism and Veera Saivism form the majority. But all faiths are represented here, and by and large, people live in amity and co-operation. Muslims and

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Christians are in considerable numbers, while Jainism has struck deep roots in Karnataka. Jains form a sizable section of the population and have become prominent in the business sector. There are also Buddhists and Parsis in the State. Religious tolerance is in the very blood of the Kannadigas, and so conflicts between followers of the different faiths are rare.

Monuments in Karnataka[      Aihole    Badami    Belur    Bijapur    Halibid    Hampi  Mysore   Pattakadal   Sravanabelagola Srirangapatnam     ] 

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Aihole

Cradle Of Indian Architecture Located 43 Kms from Kudala Sangama, Aihole was the ancient capital of Chalukyas.

Famous as the cradle of "Indian Architecture", Aihole has over a hundred temples scattered around the village.

There are about 125 temples divided into 22 groups scattered all over the villages and nearby fields. Most of these temples were built between the 6th & 8th centuries and some even earlier.     

Badami

The capital of the Early Chalukyas, Badami is picturesquely situated at the mouth of a ravine between two rocky hills, Badami is famous for its cave temples - all hewn out of sand stone on the precipice of a hill.

The largest and most ornamental is the third cave temple dedicated to Vishnu. Overlooking the cave temples is a reservoir dotted with temples dedicated to Vishnu and Shiva.      

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Belur

Southern Banaras Belur, the temple town is located 34 kms from Hassan. Famous for its exquisite temple, Belur is known as the Dakshina Varanasi or Southern Banaras.

The serenity of Belur is attributed to the celebrated Chennakesava Temple built by the Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana in 1117 A.D to commemorate his conversion from Jainism to Vaishnavism.

The main structure of the temple, which is star-shaped, is a homogenous architectural unit on a raised platform. Inside, even in the darkness, you can see the hand-lathe turned shining pillars, each unique in its own splendoure.      

Bijapur

The ancient town of Bijapur, dotted with mosques, mausoleums, palaces and fortifications, was the capital of the Adil Shahi Dynasty. Once the capital of the Adil Shahis, it was a city that "exceeded anything of its kind in Europe".

Even today, it retains its dignity and royal grandeur. Still strongly Muslim in character, Bijapur has many places of historical, cultural and architectural interest. Even though many of the structures were damaged by Aurangazeb, Bijapur remains a must-see town.       

Halibid

Located 17 kms from Belur, Halebid was known as Dwara Samudra, the wealthy capital of the Hoysalas. The great city of Dwarasamudra flourished as a Capital of the Hoysala Empire during the 12th &

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13th centuries.

During the reign of Veeraballala II, the grandson of Vishnuvardhana, it reached the greatness of its zenith. Veeraballala II extended his empire from sea to sea between the Cauvery & Krishna rivers. Halebid has several strikingly beautiful Hoysala temples and Jain shrines     

Hampii

Hampi, the land of surprises was founded in the middle of 14th Century by two local princes, Hakka & Bukka. The Vijayanagar Empire came to be celebrated for its might and wealth and as a show piece of imperial magnificence.

Vijayanagara is such that the pupil of the eye has never seen a place like it... " So eulogized Abdul Razaq, a Muslim envoy who visited Hampi.      --

Mysore

Located 770m above sea level and 140 Kms from Bangalore, Mysore, the imperial city, was the erstwhile capital of the Wodeyars. Also known as the city of Palaces, Mysore has never failed to mesmerise the

tourists with its quaint charm, rich heritage, magnificent palaces, beautifully laid-out gardens, imposing buildings, broad shady avenues and sacred temples.       -- --.    

Pattakadal

Situated on the left bank of the Malaprabha River, Pattadakkal is a World Heritage Centre. The town has 10 major temples representing early Chalukyan architecture.

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This place reached its pinnacle of glory under the Chalukyas from the seventh to the ninth centuries functioning as a royal commemorative site. The biggest temple here, dedicated to Virupaksha, has a massive gateway and several inscriptions.. --

Sravana Belagola

The Most Revered Jain Pilgrimage Wedged between two stark rocky hills, the legendary pilgrim centre of Shravan Belagola and shrine of the Jains since early times is 150 km from Bangalore, 52 km from Hassan and 80 km from Mysore. Shravanbelagola is one of the oldest and most important Jain pilgrim centres in India.    --

Srirangapatnam

The name translates to "the city of Sri-Ranga" the main deity of this tempe town. This town is an island in the river Kavery and was the old capital o the ruler Tippu Sultan - nicknamed the Tiger of Mysore. At the heart of this twn is the temple dedicated to Sri Ranga, whom Tippu used to worship (though h was a muslim by faith). The granite statue in reclining posture is both long a is part of three such unique temples. The other two similar stutues can beseen in Tiruvananthapuram (capital of Kerala State) and Srirangam (Tamil Nadu).The town is full of forts, palaces and ruins, standing testimony to the fiercewarrior that Tippu Sultan was, as the King of Mysore in the 18th century. Two lines of fortification, separated by water between them and also beingan island in the river Kavery, made his capital an extremely tough target for-the British to fight with   

Temples of Karnataka

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The State of Karnataka is known for its multitude of tourist attractions and temples. Pilgrimage centers such as Mookambika and Udupi cradled in the western ghats offer a contrast to the ruins of the once grand Vijayanagar edifices at Hampi. The Hoysala temples marked with a profusion of intricate sculpture, and the ancient temples built by the Cholas, and the Chalukyan temples add to the variation in style across this state.

About the Temples of Karnataka: The Chalukyas, the Gangas, the Hoysalas, the Vijayanagar rulers and others contributed to diverse temple styles seen in Karnataka.

Halebidu - a sculptors dream lived in stone. The Hoysaleswara temple in Halebidu is a masterpiece of Hoysala architecture and sculpture.

Mookambika - Kollur: Rich in legend and tradition, this temple at Kollur is closely associated with Adi Sankaracharya.

Udupi - is the seat of the Madhva school of philosophy. The Balakrishna temple is one of the well visited pilgrimage centers of Karnataka.

Gokarna: This ancient Shiva temple is revered pilgrimage center in Karnataka ; it has been revered by the hymns of the ancient Tamil saints.

Sravanabelagola: The collossal monolithic image of Gomateswara or Bahubali is a familiar sight to those touring Karnataka.

Nandi hills, located near Bangalore is home to the Bhoganandeeswara and Yoganandeeswara temples.

Belur Chennakesava

Somnathpura: The Kesava temple at

Belur Chennakesava

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Temple: Explore the rich sculptural wealth of this ancient Hoysala monument built by Vishnuvardhana of the 12th century CE. (article contributed by guest writer).)

Somnathapura located near Mysore is a standing illustration of Hoysala art.

Temple: Explore the history of this Hoysala monument and experience its sculptural splendour. (article contributed by guest writer).

Srirangapatna near Mysore - the historic capital of Tipu Sultan enshrines Ranganatha and Ranganayaki at the grand Ranganatha temple.

Melkote located near Mysore is home to the Tirunarayana temple and is a seat of the Sri Vaishnava tradition.

Chamundeswari Temple built at  Chamundi hills near Mysore enshrines Chamundeswari the tutelary deity of the Maharajahs of Mysore.

Aihole near Bijapur is one of the centers of early Chalukyan art. The Durga temple is probably the best known of the temples here.

Badami: The ancient town of Vatapi was a capital of the early Chalukyas. It is now known as Badami and it has several temples from the sixth and seventh centuries CE.

Pattadakal, the third in the triad of early Chalukyan art centers near Bijapur has several landmarks in the evolution of temple architecture.

Mahakoota is another early Chalukyan temple art repository and is located near Badami.

Talakkad near Mysore: This ancient temple at Talakkad near Mysore was patronized by the Cholas of the 12th century CE.

The Virupaksha temple at Vijayanagar dating back to the period of Krishna Deva Raya, enshrines Virupaksha or Pampapati.

The Vitthala temple at Vijayanagar (Hampi) is known for its halls with exquisite pillars,  intricate friezes and the a stone chariot.

Subrahmanya is one of the seven

The Seven Mukti Stalas of Karnataka

Dharmastala - a well visited pilgrimage

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revered Mukti stalas of Karnataka and it enshrines Subrahmanya (Kartikeya).

associated with Parasurama include some of the well visited pilgrimage shrines such as Kollur, Udupi & Gokarna.

center in Karnataka enshrines Manjunatha, in this stala of Dharma or righteousness & charity.

Nanjangud: The Shrikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud near Mysore is a revered center of worship.

The Kalyani Chalukyas of the 11th & 12th centuries developed a temple style characterized by ornate pillars and doorways.

The district of Kolar known more for its gold fields is home to several temples tracing their history through several royal dynasties that ruled the region.

Sringeri: The Vidyashankara temple is a magnificient temple built under the patronage of the Vijayanagar empire.

Karnataka Temple Index: This index provides a pointer to the hundreds of temples that dot the state of Karnataka.

 

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CHAPTER 5

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AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATION

Firstly,lack of proper infrastructure can be a problem, as proper roads and other means of

transportaton would not be provided to the tourist visiting the wildlife parks and

santuaries this affect tourism of Karnataka.

Need to develop tourist infrastructure

Promotion of tourist resorts is important to make INDIA a destination of holiday resorts.

So that tourism aatract and visit Karnataka to see its heritage.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:

www.karnataka tourism.comwww.tourismkarnataka.comwww.wikepedia.comwww.getstats.com

www.southindiantourism.comwww.karnatakagovt.comwww.holidays/karnataka.orgwww.mapofindia.com

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